I. Introduction A. Definition B. Evidence 1. Julius Sachs
Experiment
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Fig 37.2 Julius Sachs 1860s
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C. Plant Mineral Compositi on 1. Incorporation a. As is = Some
minerals can be used as is: e.g. K + ions for guard cell regulation
b. Combined = Some minerals have to be incorporated into other
compounds to be useful: e.g. Fe + in the cytochrome complex of the
light reactions c. Altered = Some mineral compounds have to be
altered to be useful: NO 3 - must be converted to NH 4 + inside the
plant
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d. Water i. 8085 % of an herbaceous plant is water. ii. Water
supplies most of the hydrogen and some oxygen incorporated into
organic compounds by photosynthesis. iii. But > 90% of the water
absorbed is lost by transpiration. iv. Waters primary function is
to serve as a solvent. v. Water also is involved in cell elongation
and turgor pressure regulation
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a. 95% organic C, H, O from air & water, assimilated by
photosynthesis b. 5% inorganic minerals 2. Dry weight
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Nutrients that are required for a plant to grow from a seed and
complete its life cycle. 1. Types: a. Macronutrients A. Essential
Nutrients Elements required by plants in relatively large amounts.
CHOPKNS Ca Mg ii. Functions i. Categories II. Categories
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Information taken from Table 37.1 CategoryForm AvailableUses
CarbonCO 2 Organic compounds HydrogenH20H20Organic compounds
OxygenCO 2 (air), O 2 (soil)Organic compounds PhosphorusH 2 PO 4 -,
HPO 4 2- Nucleic acids, phospholipids, ATP PotassiumK+K+ Water
balance (stomata), protein synthesis NitrogenNH 4 +, NO 3 -
Proteins, nucleic acids, hormones, chlorophyll SulfurSO 4 2-
Proteins CalciumCa 2+ Cell walls & membranes, enzyme activation
MagnesiumMg 2+ Chlorophyll, enzyme activation
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b. Micronutrients These elements are required by plants in
relatively small amounts (
