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1
MINERAL RESOURCES IN NORWAY 2013
PUBLICATION NO. 2 2014
PRODUCTION DATA AND ANNUAL REPORT
2
Table of Contents
Foreword 4
Abstract 5
Introduction 6
Web sites and databases 8
Developments in the mining and quarrying industry 10
Mining and quarrying industry in 2013 14
Industrial minerals 16
Dimension stone, slate and masonry 18
Gravel, hard-rock aggregate and clay 20
Metallic ores 24
Energy minerals, peat and coal 26
Management functions 28
Mineral deposits of national significance 30
Value of mineral deposits in Norway 32
Challenges for the future 38
Appendix: Tables of statistics 42
Outside cover: Air Photo: Tromsdalen, Verdal municipality, Nord-TrøndelagPhoto: Verdalskalk AS
Uttak av kalkstein i Tromsdalen, Værdal kommune, Nord-Trøndelag. Foto: Værdalskalk AS
Photo: Verdalskalk AS3
4
Trondheim, 22 October 2014
Morten Smelror
Director
Geological Survey of Norway
Randi Skirstad Grini
Director,
Directorate of Mining with Commissioner
of Mines at Svalbard
IntroductionThe publication Mineral Resources in Norway 2013 has been prepared by the Geological Survey of Norway (NGU) and the Directorate of Mining (DMF) based on the mining indu- stry’s own production and sales figures for 2013. The response deadline for data from the companies was set at 29th April, 2014. In all, 865 companies and 1169 producing quarries/mines have submitted data on the various types of mineral resource, as presented in a number of figures and tables in the report.
The mineral production data for 2013 have been compiled by
Peer-Richard Neeb, Roald Tangstad, Lars Libach, Rolv Dahl,
Gunn Sandvik, Geir Strand, Cecilie Bjerke, Rognvald Boyd and
Eyolf Erichsen from NGU and by Peter J. Brugmans, Heidi Wennberg
and Brit Kaasboll from the Directorate of Mining.
5
AbstractThe Norwegian mineral and mining industry had a turnover of
NOK 13,000 million in 2013, and exported products valued at
NOK 7,600 million. Ninety-seven million metric tonnes of mineral
raw materials were produced, almost the same as in 2012. The
industry had 6,226 employees at 1169 producing quarries/mines
operated by 865 companies. The turnover of coal production
on Svalbard increased to NOK 1.300 million in 2013. Turnover
of gravel, hard-rock aggregate and clay was NOK 5,400 million
in 2013 and that of natural stone NOK 1,100 million. Turnover
of industrial minerals was NOK 2,400 million in 2013 and that of
metallic ores NOK 2,700 million.
The mining and quarrying industry had exports valued at NOK
7,600 million in 2013, corresponding to 58% of its turnover.
Industrial mineral exports accounted for NOK 1,900 million, with
ground calcium carbonate slurry, olivine, nepheline syenite and
quartz/quartzite as the most important products. Natural stone
exports included NOK 811 million for dimension stone and NOK
42 million for slate and masonry stone. Larvikite is the most im-
portant dimension stone, accounting for NOK 771 million of the
export value. Export of hard-rock aggregate, offshore ballast and
gravel accounted for NOK 1,100 million. Export of metallic ores
had a value of NOK 2,400 million, mainly accounted for by iron,
ilmenite and nickel. Export of coal to Europe had a value of NOK
1,200 million.
The mineral and mining industry is of great significance in out-
lying regions, with the highest turnovers in Rogaland, Møre og
Romsdal, Finnmark, Svalbard, Nordland and Vestfold counties
(except for Svalbard which has a special administrative status).
Quartzite from Kautokeino, Finnmark county –formed as a book by sculptor Martin Kuhn.Photo: Peer-Richard Neeb.
Mineral productsExport value mill. NOK FOB (2013-kroner)
6
IntroductionThe mining and quarrying industry comprises companies involved in extraction and processing of
minerals and rocks, from bedrock and/or superficial deposits. Five main groups of materials can be
distinguished:
• Industrialminerals(e.g. calcium carbonate rock (marble and limestone),
olivine, nepheline syenite, quartz, graphite and dolomite)
• Naturalanddimensionstone(e.g. larvikite, granite, marble, dimension
stone, slate and masonry)
• Constructionsminerals(sand, gravel, hard-rock aggregate, offshore ballast,
other types of offshore construction stone and clay)
• Metallicores(e. g. iron, nickel, ilmenite (iron-titanium oxide) and molybdenum.
• Energyminerals (e. g. coal and peat)
All of the above materials are essential for every-day life: modern society cannot exist without using
mineral raw materials such as iron ore for production of steel, limestone/marble for cement and
paper, aggregate for road-building, sand and gravel for concrete, and coal for metallurgical processes
and for energy production. Per capita annual consumption of minerals and mineral products in 2013
amounted to c. 13 metric tonnes, which over an average life-time, adds up to c. 1,000 tonnes/person.
The Geological Survey of Norway (Norges geologiske undersøkelse - NGU) and the Directorate of Min-
ing with the Commissioner of Mines at Svalbard (Direktorat for Mineralforvaltning - DMF) established
cooperation in 2006 with the aim of publishing an annual overview of mineral production statistics.
MATERIAL CONSUMPTION DURING A LIFETIME
1000 TONNES
ANNUAL CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA
13 TONNES
The primary goals in publishing the mineral production data include:
• TodemonstratetheimportanceofthemineralindustrytotheMinistryof
Trade,IndustryandFisheries,tootherministriesandpublicauthoritiesand
tothegeneralpublic.
• Toassistcountyandlocalauthoritiesandindustryinensuringoptimal
land-useplanning,includingappropriateattentiontomineralreservesin
productionandtoresourceswhichmaybeimportantinthefuture.
Iddefjord granite, Vigeland park, Oslo
Photo: Peer-Richard Neeb.
Everyday use of mineral resources
7
NGU and the DMF have compiled the
overview of mineral production data
based on the response to enquiries to
producers. The overview of producers is
generated using data in the NGU Gravel
and Aggregate Database, from lists of
producers registered in the DMF database
of operations subject to the Minerals Act
and on annual feedback from municipali-
ties and industry. Where fewer than three
companies are involved, NGU and the
Directorate have come to an agreement
with the producers on how the figures
can be presented in figures and tables.
Data on total production tonnage, annu-
al turnover and employment are given
priority. The Minerals Act of 01.01.10 re-
quires the submission of annual reports
which form the basis for the information
on operation and statistical parameters
for 2013. Some gravel and hard-rock
aggregate data, i.a. on use of the products
and their transport, is also acquired from
Norwegian Mining and Quarrying
Industries EU statistics.
Peer – Richard NeebProject Leader/editorGeological Survey of Norway
8
Web sites and databasesNGU maintains and continuously expands
its national databases on Norway’s miner-
al resources (www.ngu.no). Data on sand
and gravel, hard-rock aggregate, natural
stone, ore and industrial mineral depos-
its are all freely accessible at www.ngu.
no, under the links: Resources and Maps
& data.
The Directorate of Mining web site
(www.dirmin.no) gives information on the
Directorate as such and about the min-
ing industry and related activity. The site
also provides information on regulations
related to acquisition and exploitation
of mineral resources, and has links to the
actual law texts. The site also has informa-
tion on mining on Svalbard and the regu-
lations which apply there.
NGU and the Directorate of Mining have
developed an English-language internet
portal (www.prospecting.no) in order to
provide access to geological maps and
data on deposits of industrial minerals,
metallic ores and natural stone, and data
on mining claims and protected areas, etc.
The site provides an overview of approved
permits, with the exception of older claims
according to legislation pre-1972 and
applications being processed but not
yet approved. The overview is updated
every Monday. For information regarding
applications under consideration, contact
the Directorate of Mining.
NGU has developed a provisional over-
view of mineral resources of national sig-
nificance. These are deposits which have
a substantial value, and which must be
given appropriate attention in land-use
planning processes.
Overview of the number of Norwegian mineral
deposits for which NGU has information which
is adapted for internet access.
RESOURCE TYPE ADAPTED FOR INTERNET ACCESS
Industrial Minerals 2333
Metals 4569
Natural stone 1437
Aggregates 1854
Sand/gravel 8960
Stonetip 306
Total 19459
NUMBER OF MINERAL DEPOSITS
WWW.NGU.NO
19459
Bruhagen quarry, Averøy municipality, Photo: Jan Egil Nordgård. Gunnar Holt Kristiansund AS
Photo: Roald Tangstad
ngu.noprospecting.nodirmin.nongu.no/mineralressurserngu.no/grusogpukk
9
10
Important mineral deposits in production
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Developments in the mining and quarrying industryThe past 30 years have seen substan-
tial structural changes in the industry.
Production of metallic ores represented
50% of the total production value from
the industry in 1981, but fell dramatically
up to 2003. Production of iron has sub-
sequently shown a major increase. The
production value of industrial minerals
showed a major increase up to 2000 with
a slight decline thereafter. Production
of natural stone increased dramatically
up to 1997, followed by a period of sta-
ble to slightly declining production, with
an upturn in recent years. Production of
hard rock-aggregate has shown a major
increase since 2003, while gravel produc-
tion had been variable, though with an
upturn in recent years. Coal production on
Svalbard increased up to 2008, followed
by a period of decline due to changes in
the market and lower prices in Europe:
there has been a significant increase in
the last year.
2013 saw increases in the production in
particular of coal, natural stone (larvikite),
hard-rock aggregate and gravel.
Most of the large export-focused compa-
nies within the norwegian mineral indus-
try are today fully, or partially owned by
foreign corporations.
The mining and quarrying industry is
capital intensive, requiring a higher in-
vestment per employee than for industry
in general. Approximately 58% of the total
mineral production in 2013 (calculated on
the basis of turnover) was exported, and
the domestic share of production forms
the basis for an important mineral pro-
cessing industry. Profitability varies
between different branches throughout
the industry, and between individual
companies within each branch. Industries
based on domestic mineral production are
calculated to have 4 employees for every
employee in primary production, giving
a total of ca. 30,000 employees. Norway’s
annual imports of mineral raw materials
have a value of NOK 25 – 30,000 million.
These employees of import is not included
in this report.
Mineral productsTotal sale- and exportvalue mill. NOK (2013-kroner)
- Number employees
EXPORT OF MINERALS
58 percentTHE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY
TURNOVER 2013:
NOK 13,000 million
11
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12
183
843
1587
4
823
26
18804449
925
313
15353
53
240
SLATE / FLAGSTONE
DOLOMITE
PEAT
MASONRY STONE
NICKEL
1273
IRON
GRAPHITECLAY
184
COAL
CARBONATE
SAND AND GRAVEL
AGGREGATE
PRODUCTION OF NORWAY’S MOST IMPORTANTMINERAL PRODUCTS
(2013, FOB MILL NOK)
ILMENITENATURAL STONE
OLIVINE
QUARTZ- QUARTZITE
16
Construction materials 5378 mill. NOK
Industrial minerals 2422 "
Metallic ores 2740 "
Coal and peat 1326 "
Natural stone 1159 "
Total 13 025 mill. NOK
Reference:Produscers and NGU/Directorate of MiningMay 2014P. R.N.
0.8
MOLYBDENUM
NEPHELINE SYENITE
Reference: Producers and NGU/DMFMay 2014P. R.N.
Construction materials 2976
Metallic ores 1245
Industrial minerals 818
Natural stone 674
Coal and peat 513
Total 6226
476
259
383
97
136
3
968
OLIVINE
163
116
NEPHELINE SYENITE
253
53DOLOMITE
NICKEL
730
QUARTZ/QUARTSITE
MOLYBDENUM
3774
CLAYPEAT
MASONRY STONE
GRAPHITE
2172
COAL
SLATE/FLAGSTONEILMENITE
EMPLOYEES IN THE MINERALINDUSTRY
2013
SAND AND GRAVEL
1
IRON
AGGREGATE
NATURAL STONE
CARBONATE273
33
STEIN
14
PRODUCTION OF NORWAY’S MOST IMPORTANT MINERAL PRODUCTS
(2013, mill. tonnes)
63.3
NEPHELINE SYENITE
SLATE/FLAGSTONE
NICKEL
DOLOMITE
QUARTZ/ QUARTZITE
PEAT
1.7
0.66
IRON
1.5
0.83
0.22
0.006GRAPHITE
0.000008
3.4
0.32
0.180.18
0.0080.10
MASONRY STONE0.36
ILMENITE
NATURAL STONE
5.7
MOLYBDENUM
CLAY
2.1COAL
OLIVINE
CARBONATE
SAND AND GRAVEL
AGGREGATE
Reference:Produscers and NGU/Directorate of MiningMay 2014P. R.N.
Construction materials 80.42 mill. tonnes
Industrial materials 9.84 "
Metallic ores 4.24 "
Coal and peat 2.23 "
Natural stone 0.68 "
Total 97.41 mill.tonnes
PRODUCTION OF NORWAY’S MOST
IMPORTANT MINERAL PRODUCTS
(2013, FOB MILL NOK)
EMPLOYEES IN THE MINERAL INDUSTRY
2013
EMPLOYEES IN THE MINERAL
INDUSTRY BY COUNTIES
2013: 6226 employed, and at Svalbard 426
PRODUCTION OF NORWAY’S MOST
IMPORTANT MINERAL PRODUCTS
(2013, mill. tonnes)
786786
111111
878878
178178
364364522522
275275234234 172172
203203
2442442323114114336336
182182
53533939858858
179179
EMPLOYEES IN THE MINERAL INDUSTRY BY COUNTIES
2013: 6226 employed, and at Svalbard 426
Reference: Producers and NGU/DMFMay 2014P. R.N.
13
Mineral production - county inclusive Svalbard
,
14
SALES:
97 million tonnesTURNOVER:
NOK 13,000 millionEKSPORT VALUE:
NOK 7,600 million NUMBER OF CONSTRUCTION PRODUCERS:
996OTHER PRODUCERS:
173NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES:
6226
Limestone production in Tromsdalen, Verdal municipality, Nord-TrøndelagPhoto: Verdalskalk AS
The Mining and Quarrying Industry in 2013 The mining and quarrying industry had, in 2013, a turnover of NOK 13,000 million and exports valued at NOK 7,600 million. A total of 97 million tonnes of mineral resources were sold, approximately the same tonnage as in 2012. Employment in the industry was 6,226 emplyees, at a total of 1,169 production sites, managed by 865 companies. Turnover of coal from Svalbard increased to NOK 1,300 mil-lion in 2013. Turnover of gravel and hard-rock aggregate and clay for the building industry was NOK 5,400 million in 2013.
Turnover of natural stone was NOK 1,100
million. Turnover of industrial minerals was
NOK 2,400 million in 2013. Turnover of me-
tallic ores was NOK 2,700 million in 2013.
The mining and quarrying industry is of
great significance in outlying regions, with
the highest turnovers in Rogaland, Møre
og Romsdal, Finnmark, Svalbard, Nordland
and Vestfold counties (except for Svalbard
which has a special administrative status).
The total export value for the industry in
2013 was NOK 7,600 million, represen-
ting 58 % of the overall turnover. The
export value for industrial minerals was
NOK 1,900 million, of which calcium car-
bonate slurry, olivine, nepheline syenite
and quartz/quartzite are the most impor-
tant products. The natural stone industry
exported stone blocks for NOK 811 mil-
lion (of which NOK 771 million relates to
larvikite), and slate/flagstone for NOK 42
million.
Exports of hard-rock aggregate, rock for
ballast and gravel had a value of NOK 1,100
million, whereas exports of metallic ores (il-
menite, iron and nickel) amounted to NOK
2,400 million. Export of coal (to Europe)
represented a value of NOK 1,200 million.
The mining and quarrying industry is
a typical regional industry, especially
strongly represented along the coast.
The industry has reported staffing of 6,226
person-years at a total of 1,169 producing
quarries/mines managed by 865 compa-
nies. Measured according to turnover,
the most important mineral-producing
counties are Rogaland, Møre og Roms-
dal, Finnmark, Svalbard, Nordland and
Vestfold. Producing companies have re-
ported exploration/mapping costs of NOK
91 million (Table 17). Foreign owned, and
Norwegian companies not in production
are not included in the table. The individ-
ual products are shown collectively and
according to the producing county and
individually in Tables 1 - 17.
15
Loading of limestone, Verdal HarbourPhoto: Verdalskalk AS
16
17
Industrial MineralsIndustrial minerals are minerals and rocks, which form a basis for industrial applications because of their non-metal-lic, chemical and/or physical properties.
Applications are numerous, and include many common products
used in every-day life, such as paper, plastic, ceramics, glass and
paint. The total turnover of industrial minerals in 2013 amounted
to NOK 2,400 million, for a tonnage sold of 9.8 million tonnes.
818 persons were employed in this branch in 2013. Most of the
production is exported. Calcium carbonate rock for cement,
burnt lime, calcium-carbonate slurry, olivine, nepheline syenite
and quartz are the most important products. According to the
producers, the total export value amounted to NOK 1,900 million
in 2013.
Norway is among the world’s leading producers of olivine,
nepheline syenite, high-purity quartz and titanium minerals.
A total of 1.7 million tonnes of olivine were exported. Olivine is
produced by Sibelco Nordic AS. The quarries at Raubergvika in
Møre og Romsdal, and Bryggja in Sogn og Fjordane are not cur-
rently in production. Olivine serves as a flux in iron ore smelting,
increasing production capacity in the smelting process. Olivine
is also used in steel production to replace the magnesium car-
bonate mineral dolomite, thus strongly reducing CO2 emissions.
Olivine is also used to bind heavy metals in depots, eg Hjerkinn
shooting range. Nepheline syenite is produced by Sibelco Nordic
AS on Stjernøy in Alta municipality, and is mainly used in the
glass and ceramics industries. The main owner of the company
is UNIMIN/Sibelco, which has a large share of the world markets
for quartz, feldspar, olivine, nepheline syenite and several other
industrial minerals.
The Tellnes mine in Rogaland, owned by Kronos Worldwide,
places Norway as Europe’s largest and the world’s 6th largest
producer of titanium minerals. The main product is titanium
dioxide pigment but parts of the ore are used to produce titani-
um slag and pig iron.
Fourteen companies produce calcite marble/limestone and
3 produce dolomite: they have altogether 436 employees.
Norway has become a major producer of calcium carbonate
for fillers, with Brønnøy Kalk AS as the main supplier. The ex-
tracted carbonate rock is transported to Hustadmarmor AS in
Møre where calcium carbonate slurry is produced. Most of the
production is exported. Hustadmarmor is the world’s largest
producer of calcium carbonate slurry for the paper industry and
is an important part of the Omya group. The data in the miner-
al overview include the turnover figure for calcium carbonate
slurry. In addition, substantial amounts of carbonate rock are
produced for other applications - cement production, burnt
lime, environmental acid neutralization and ground marble/
limestone for soil improvement: producers include Verdalskalk
AS, Norcem AS -Heidelberg Cement Group, Visnes Kalk AS and
Franzefoss Miljøkalk AS. The overall production value for these
applications amounted to NOK 226 million in 2013. Regarding
cement production and burnt lime, the value included is only
that of the limestone/marble before burning. The value of the
product increases with each stage of processing. A marble depos-
it at Kongsmoen in Flatanger municipality is expected to come
into production within a few years.
Quartz and quartzite are produced by 5 companies, with 135
employees. In 2013, 1.4 million tonnes were sold, representing a
value of NOK 183 million. Quartz is used as a raw material for the
production of glass, ceramics and porcelain, and, in the metallur-
gical industry for a range of silicon-based products. High-purity
quartz is used in semiconductor technology, quartz glass, solar
cells and in the manufacture of fibre-optical cable. Elkem Salt-
en is preparing to open a new quartz quarry near Nasa in Rana
municipality. Norsk Mineral AS and the French company, Imerys,
own The Quartz Corp, one of the world’s two leading producers
of natural high-purity quartz, based on techniques developed
in Norway and pure sourses of quarts in Nordland, Finnmark og
USA. The Quartz Corp AS plans to produce quartz at Svanvik in
Sør-Varanger municipality, in addition to existing production in
Hamarøy and Tysfjord municipalities. Talc has been quarried by
Granitt og Kleber AS in Vågå municipality for further processing
by Talkonor AS at Kvam in Gudbrandsdal. Production has now
been closed. Graphite is produced by Skaland Graphite AS on the
island of Senja, Western Europe’s sole producer of high-quality
flake graphite: the company is part of the LNS Group (Leonhard
Nilsen & Sønner).
TURNOVER 2013:
Dimension stone:
NOK 823 million Slate/flagstone:
NOK 184 millionMasonry stone:
NOK 153 millionTotal:
NOK 1,160 million
Masonry and flagstone, Oppdal, Sør-Trøndelag Photo: Minera AS
18
19
Dimension stone, slate/flagstone and masonry stone Natural stone is defined as all stone that can be cut, split or hewn for use in build-ings, in monuments and in recreational areas. Natural stone is further classified as dimension stone (granite, marble), slate/flagstone (schist, phyllite) and masonry stone (gneiss, granite and schist).
In 2013, the industry produced dimension stone representing a
value of NOK 823 million, slate with a value of NOK 184 million
and masonry stone with a value of NOK 153 million.
The industry provided employment for 675 people. The total
export value of dimension stone amounted to NOK 811 million
and the export value of slate was NOK 42 million. NOK 771 mil-
lion of the export value for dimension stone was for larvikite.
Larvikite, selected as Norway’s national stone, is produced from
several quarries in the vicinity of Larvik and dominates Norwe-
gian dimension stone production.
Larvikite is a resource of unique quality, fetching high prices on
the world market. There are now 5 producing companies, with
221 employees. Lundhs AS is the largest producer. Most of the
production is exported as rough blocks to China, Italy, India,
Spain, France,Taiwan and Belgium. New technology has made
production more efficient, and the favourable location of the
deposits, near the coast, adds to the profitability of the industry.
Dimension stone is also produced from breccia in Sogn og Fjor-
dane, anorthosite in Rogaland, granite in Nordland, Buskerud,
Oslo, and Østfold, trondhjemite in Sør Trøndelag and a small
tonnage of marble in the Fauske area in Nordland.
Slate/flagstone and masonry stone are produced from many
different localities throughout the country. The producing com-
panies numbered 74 for masonry stone and 32 for slate, with a
total of 422 employees. The most important products for the
industry are quartz schist from Alta and Oppdal and phyllite from
Otta. All the material produced is processed near the quarries. 23
% of the production is exported.
Exports of larvikite are expected to increase, but slate produc-
ers now have harder competition. In recent years, the domestic
market for dimension stone has become more competitive, and
in particular import of stone from China has substituted much
of the locally produced stone materials. In recent decades, the
Norwegian stone industry has consolidated into fewer, larger
units, especially within production of slate and larvikite. There
are a lot of small construction firms that produce their own slate/
flagstone and masonry stone. Producing companies have re-
ported exploration/mapping costs of NOK 6 million (Table 17).
NATURAL STONE
Photo: Minera AS
TURNOVER 2013:
Hard-rock aggregates:
NOK 4.400 millionSand/gravel:
NOK 925 millionClay:
NOK 4 million
Offshore aggregateBruhagen quarry, Averøy municipality,
Photo : Jan Egil Nordgård. Gunnar Holt Kristiansund AS
20
21
Gravel, hard-rock aggregate and clayHard-rock aggregate and gravel are used in building and construction. The resources are extracted from bedrock by blasting or from natural sand and gravel deposits. The material is crushed and sorted to the most appropriate size for use in buildings, roads and other constructions.
It can no longer be claimed that Norway has unlimited resourses
of gravel and rock for crushing. Information on the deposits
of gravel and rock for crushing is of major importance for area
development planning. Areas with suitable deposits are fre-
quently allocated to other purposes than material extraction
in municipal land-use plans. It is essential that authorities have
information about these deposits so that all aspects can be con-
sidered in the planning process. NGU’s on-line Gravel, Aggre-
gate and Stone-tip Database has proved to be very useful for
this purpose.
Hard-rock aggregate can be used for the same building and con-
struction applications as natural sand and gravel, but is more
expensive due to the cost of blasting and crushing, and the
additional energy needed. Nevertheless, consumption of hard-
rock aggregate for such applications is increasing. This can partly
be attributed to local scarcity of sand and gravel, but is also due
to more demanding quality specifications, that cannot always
be met by natural gravel.
Annual consumption of hard-rock aggregate and gravel per
capita in Norway is currently 12 tonnes. To minimize transport
costs, most sand/gravel and hard-rock aggregate production is
local, near the place where the products are to be used. Of the
total production, approximately half is used for road construction
and 1/3 for concrete aggregate. The remainder is used as rock
fill at construction sites, as well as rock fill and cover for sub-sea
pipelines on the Norwegian continental shelf. NGU has mapped
about 8,960 sand and gravel deposits, and 1,854 deposits for
extraction of hard-rock aggregate: see NGU’s Gravel, Aggregate
and Stone-tip database is located at www.ngu.no/grusogpukk.
Reports have been received from 461 gravel producers and 531
hard-rock aggregate producers. The production value of gravel
and hard-rock aggregate in 2013 was NOK 5,400 million, based
on sale of 80.4 million tonnes. The industry employed about
2,976 persons, in 996 operations of widely ranging size.
About 66 million tonnes of hard-rock aggregate were sold,
with a total value of NOK 4,400 million. Sales of sand and gravel
were 14 million tonnes representing a value of NOK 925 million,
mostly for concrete and road construction (see Tables 12 and 13).
Altogether, 26 % by volume of hard-rock aggregate production
is exported, for use in road construction, asphalt, concrete and
offshore applications. Exports to Europe have increased to 21.1
million tonnes in the last two years (22.6 million tonnes of hard-
rock aggregate in 2012), with a combined value of NOK 1,100
million. The most important export destinations were Germany,
Denmark, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Russia, Poland
and the Baltic countries. In addition, another 5.7 million tonnes
of hard-rock aggregate was produced for use on the Norwegian,
British, Dutch and Russian continental shelf areas.
There are about 165 significant producers of gravel and hard-rock
aggregate in Norway, with tonnages varying from 100,000 to
8.6 million tonnes annually. Of these 38 produce gravel and 127
produce hard-rock aggregate. The largest of these are located in
southern Norway, including Feiring Bruk AS, Franzefoss Pukk AS,
Lemminkaainen Industri AS, NorStone AS, Norsk Stein AS, NCC
Roads Norge AS, Veidekke AS, Yeoman-Halsvik AS, Bremanger
Quarry AS and Oster Grus og Sand AS. Sales included 1.8 million
tonnes of recirculated asphalt, concrete and gravel/hard-rock
aggregate (see Table 16). Gravel and aggregate are transport-
ed by trucks and by ship, with average transport distances for
inland trade of 21 km for sand and gravel and 17 km for hard-rock
aggregate. Producing companies have reported exploration/
mapping costs for hard-rock aggregate and gravel of NOK 35
million (see Table 17).
Clay is used for the production of light-weight prefabricated
building blocks, branded Leca: clay is quarried by Weber Leca
Rælingen in Enebakk municipality, exclusively for the company
plant at Rælingen in Akershus. Near Bratsberg in Bø,Telemark,
clay is produced by Wieneberger AS for production of building
bricks. The total value of the 177,000 tonnes of clay produced,
before burning and processing, amounts to ca. NOK 4 million.
The companies had 74 employees. Gravel, aggregate and clay
production and transport data are compiled in Tables 1 to 17,
according to product-type and county.
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
22
Bedrock map of Norwaywithimportantaggregatedeposits
23
Norwegian aggregate exported in 2013Totalproductionexported21.1mill.tonnesaggregate,armourstone,sandandgravel,plus5.6mill.tonnes
aggregateforoffshoreuse.Exportproductionvaluesfor2012iparentheses
Iron ore transport, ØrtefjellmoenPhoto: Tor Arne Sandnes, SeNor
Processing, hematite.Photo: Rana Gruber AS
Iron pigment utilisedPhoto: Rana Gruber AS
24
25
METALLIC ORESMetallic ores are rocks that contain metal-bearing minerals in such a quantity that the metals can be extracted econom-ically. Certain types of metallic ore, defined as ore in the Minerals Act, are also used as industrial minerals (pigment).
The total production value for metallic ores was NOK 2,700 million
in 2013.The export value was NOK 2,400 million. 4.2 million tonnes
of ore concentrate were sold. The industry had 1,245 employees in
2013. Three major metal mines are now in production. Sydvaranger
Gruve AS and Rana Gruber AS produce iron and Titania AS produces
iron and titanium slag as secondary products (see below).
Titania AS in Sokndal in Rogaland is Europe’s most important pro-
ducer of ilmenite (iron-titanium oxide) which, after further refining
to titanium dioxide, is used as white pigment in paints, plastics and
paper; some nickel concentrate is produced from the same deposit
as well as titanium slag and pig iron. Norway has very large resources
of titanium minerals. The rutile deposit at Engebøfjell in Naustdal
municipality is among the world’s largest. Nordic Mining AS is in the
final stages of processing of a planning permit and of their applica-
tion for a permit for tailings deposition, with the aim of establishing
production of rutile and garnet.
Sydvaranger Gruve AS exports iron-ore concentrate to the European
market and to China. The company is owned by Northern Iron Ltd.,
which is 20% Norwegian owned but which is listed in Australia (on
the Perth stock exchange). Rana Gruber AS in Nordland, which is
owned by the LNS Group, produces, in addition to iron ore concen-
trate, speciality products requiring substantial processing, as well as
traditional metallurgical products. Knaben Molybden AS has had a
limited sale from the Knaben deposit in Vest-Agder county.
Nussir AS, Kvalsund municipality in Finnmark, has plans for noble
metal production on copper. The focus of prospecting in Norway
in recent years has been mainly on base metal and iron mineraliza-
tions in the Caledonides and on copper and gold mineralizations in
Finnmark county. There has been significant interest in exploration
for rare earth elements and other special metals, not least in the Fen
intrusive in Telemark county.
Producing companies have reported exploration/mapping costs of
NOK 19 million (Table 17). Foreign owned, and Norwegian compa-
nies not in production are not included in the table.
TURNOVER 2013:
NOK 2,700 million
26
Energy Minerals, Peat and Coal
Energy minerals comprise all mineral com-pounds that release heat upon combustion, including oil, gas, coal, oil shale and peat.
Peat
Peat, in the sense of peat for fuel, is a humus- and carbon-rich
substance formed under the water table in bogs all over Europe
and was used extensively as a source of fuel throughout the
Middle Ages. Peat formed in the period after the last Ice Age,
c. 10,000 - 1,000 years ago. Production in Norway is now quite
modest and is mainly used for soil improvement in market and
private gardens. Production is restricted to so-called white moss
bogs. Ten producers have submitted reports: these are located in
Østfold, Akershus, Hedmark, Vestfold, Nord Trøndelag, Nordland
and Finnmark counties. The total production of these producers
in 2013 was 98,000 tonnes, with a value of NOK 53 million. The
industry employed 37 persons.
Coal
Coal accounts for 30.3% of global primary energy production and
the generation of 42% of the world’s electricity.
Coal was the source of energy which had the highest growth rate
in 2013, except for the renewable sources. Coal’s share of global
primary energy rose to 30.3%, the highest share since 1969.
There are two internationally recognized methods for determi-
nation of global coal reserves. The first is used by the Federal In-
stitute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) of Germany
and is used by the International Energy Agency (IEA) as its main
source regarding coal reserves. The other is issued by the World
Energy Council (WEC) and is used by British Petroleum (BP) in the
company’s overview of the global energy situation.
Global reserves, according to BGR, are 1,040 million tonnes of
coal, which, at current consumption rates, correspond to 132
years of supply. Coal reserves reported by WEC are lower 861,000
million, which corresponds to 109 years supply (World Coal
Association).
Economically mineable coal deposits have been found in c. 70
countries. Application of new technology leads to cleaner com-
bustion. The reduction in the price of coal on the world mar-
ket from 2011 to 2013 is due to a combination of the effects of
the global economic recession and the transition to use of new
energy sources, especially shale gas. Globally, coal consumption
is still very important, especially in China, where c. 120 coal-fired
power stations are being constructed. China, USA, India and
several countries in Africa have large reserves of coal.
Interest for coal production on Svalbard developed towards
the end of the 19th century. There has been coal production on
Svalbard with export to Norway and other countries since 1906,
only interrupted by WWII. A total of c. 78 million tonnes have
been produced since regular production began. C. 2/3 of the
production has been from the Norwegian mines.
Two companies currently mine coal on Svalbard, Store Norske
Spitsbergen Grubekompani AS (SNSG) has Gruve 7 in operation
near Longyearbyen, and Svea Nord near the Svea Mine, and the
Russian company,Trust Artikugol has a mine at Barentsburg,
which was reopened for sale of coal in 2011. Svea Nord was
opened in 2001 and had a sold production of 2.1 million tonnes
in 2013, with a value of NOK 1.3 million. 476 persons were em-
ployed, including the staff of subcontractors.
The coal is shipped from the harbour at Cape Amsterdam, near
Svea, using ships of 50,000 t (Handymax) and 82,000 t (Pana-
max). Important destinations include Rotterdam and Esbjerg.
C. 85% of the Svalbard coal is used for energy production, 6%
goes to the metallurgical industry and the remainder is used for
cement production and other industries. SNSG exports coal to
Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark, France, Turkey, Poland, and
the United Kingdom: a minor tonnage produced at Gruve 7 fires
the power station at Longyearbyen.
SNSG is continually searching for new mineable coal deposits,
both at Svea and close to Adventdalen. Lunckefjell, northeast of
Svea Nord, contains 8.4 million tonnes: development work will
proceed through 2014 with full production planned for 2015 by
which time the core area at Svea Nord will, according to current
production plans, be exhausted.
Resources and reserves, in addition to those at Lunckefjell, in-
clude Svea Øst, Svea Nord rim zone, and Ispallen, all of which are
planned to exploited using the infrastructure at Svea. The current
production profile will allow Store Norske to produce coal up to
2030. Gruve 7, near Longyearbyen, has reserves for more than
20 year’s production : the company is mapping future resources
on Operafjell.
The company has reported exploration/mapping costs of NOK
20 million (Table 17).
Processingplant in Svea, SvalbardPhoto: Olav Grave, AF. 27
Management TasksThe current Minerals Act came into application on 1st January, 2010. It has involved numerous changes in terminology and tasks, including the change in name from Mines Inspectorate to Directorate of Mining with Commissioner of Mines at Svalbard (DMF).
Claims according to the Minerals Act
The state is, according to the Minerals Act (which is based on
older laws), the owner of all metals with a specific gravity higher
than 5 g/cm3, and any minerals containing these metals, as well
as titanium and arsenic and minerals containing these metals.
It is not sufficient that the minerals contain only traces of the
metal owned by the state. The element sulphur is, in addition to
the above-mentioned minerals, the property of the state when it
occurs as pyrite or pyrrhotite. Sulphur, in other forms, is owned
by the ground owner. All other metals and minerals are the prop-
erty of the ground owner. This includes both alluvial gold and
bog iron ore. State ownership of various minerals is common
throughout continental Europe. The online portal www.pros-
pecting.no, a cooperative service provided by the Directorate of
Mining and the Geological Survey of Norway (NGU), shows new,
allocated permits and maintained permits, but not applications
which are being processed and which may have seniority in the
areas concerned (priority). The overview of approved permits is
updated weekly.
Exploration permit
The term “claim” was replaced by “exploration permit”, with the
advent of the Minerals Act. An exploration permit for the state’s
minerals gives entitlement to exploration within a defined area
and not as a right related to a defined deposit. The permit holder
has a right to explore for, and to apply for an extraction permit
for all the deposits of the state’s minerals within the permit area.
The maximum area of an exploration permit is 10 km2. No side
may be shorter than 1 km2 and the boundaries must be parallel
with the grid lines of the map in the UTM system. The minimum
area of an exploration permit is 1 km2. DMF may approve ex-
ceptions to this rule in special cases. Application may be made
and acquisition approved, for an unlimited number of continu-
ous areas. The interest for new claims decreased considerably in
2013. 171 new exploration permit applications were submitted,
as against 1,740 in 2012. The areas covered were 1,763 km2 and
15,559 km2 respectively.
Extraction permit
An individual or company holding the exploration permit with
the highest priority has the sole right to apply for an extraction
permit, according to the Minerals Act § 29. The applicant must,
in order to be awarded an extraction permit, document the finding
of a deposit of the state’s minerals, which is or may be, within a
foreseeable period of time, economically viable.
The applicant must, in order to give a credible justification of
the deposit’s economic viability, provide documentation of the
extent, geometry, content of valuable components (grades) of,
and a viable mineralprosessing plan for the deposit. The extrac-
tion permit shall not have a greater extent than the deposit.
The extraction area is granted and defined by the Directorate
of Mining. An individual extraction area permit cannot exceed
1 km2. The applicant may be awarded the number of extraction
permits necessary to cover the deposit. The extraction area shall
not have more than four corners. No extraction permits were
allocated in 2013.
Pilot extraction
The Minerals Act stipulates that a permit is required for pilot
extraction of both the state’s and the ground owner’s minerals.
Such permits are granted by the DMF. Two such permits have
been considered and granted in 2013.
Ground owners’ minerals
Exploration or extraction of a ground owner’s minerals may
be carried out by the ground owner or by others who claim an
agreement with the ground owner. Ground owners’ minerals
can, in effect, be divided into building materials (hard-rock ag-
gregate, gravel, sand and clay), industrial minerals and natural
stone. Exploitation of ground owners’ minerals is regulated by
the Minerals Act, as is the case for the state’s minerals.
Operating license
The Minerals Act requires the granting of an operating license
for total extraction of volumes in excess of 10,000 m3 of material.
The license must be granted by the Directorate of Mining prior
to commencement of the operation. The limit of 10,000 m3 of
material does not apply to extraction of natural stone, which
means that a license is required for any extraction of natural
stone, regardless of the volume. An operating license can be
granted only to the holder of an extraction permit. This applies
to both the state’s and the ground owner’s minerals. The Directo-
rate of Mining may determine conditions related to the license.
Consideration of the granting of a license must include empha-
sis on the applicant’s qualifications in relation to exploitation
of the deposit. Granting of the concession must always include
definition of the area to which it applies. DMF received 55 (44)
applications for operating licenses in 2013. Thirty-one (27) ap-
plications were granted in the course of the year. The figures in
parentheses relate to applications in 2012.28
Ørtfjell Photo: Rana Gruber AS 29
Sydvaranger Gruve ASPhoto: Rolv Dahl
30
31
Mineral deposits of national significance NGU has prepared an overview of mineral resources of national significance. The criteria for classification of these resources as such are currently being revised and will be applied in the future, as of the next Mineral Resources in Norway 2014. Most of these resources are also of importance as sources of exports to Europe and the rest of the world.
Examples of such deposits in operation include nepheline syenite
on Stjernøy in Finnmark, marble from Brønnøy in Nordland,
graphite on Senja in Troms, larvikite from Larvik, ilmenite from
Tellnes in Rogaland and gneiss for aggregate production from
Jelsa in Rogaland.
The main criteria for selection of these deposits at
present include:
• Mineraldepositswithaconfirmedorprobablemajor
potential for value generation in the future.
• Mineraldepositswithuniquepropertieswhichareof
particular interest for the processing industry.
• Largedepositswhichhaveuniquepropertiesas
building materials.
• Depositsofstrategicallyimportantor“critical”rawmaterials.
• DepositswhichareveryimportantforNorway’s
national infrastructure.
Mineral deposits of national importance are very valuable (see
page 33). It is thus of great importance for society that important
mineral deposits are given satisfactory consideration in munic-
ipal plans. The manner in which this should be done will vary
from deposit to deposit. Criteria have also been developed for
deposits of regional and local importance.
NGU revises its overviews in its mineral databases as needed, in
order to demonstrate the importance and value-creation poten-
tial of the deposits.
NGU’s overview should contribute to a sound, long-term man-
agement of mineral resources at national, county and municipal
levels. The Plan- and Building Law will still be the law which ap-
plies to land use in a specific area, i. e. to permits relating to use
of mineral resources. There is still a need for mapping of new
deposits.
A municipal plan shall, according to the Plan- and Building Law
§ 11-1, pay appropriate attention to municipal, regional and na-
tional goals in the municipality. Aims for land use shall be shown
in the municipal plan’s land-use section. Extraction of raw ma-
terials, e.g. sand, gravel and hard-rock aggregate, is one of the
land-use objectives mentioned in the section on Buildings and
installations (§ 11-7).
In accordance with § 6-1 of the Plan- and Building Law a Royal
resolution has been approved concerning national expectations
as regards regional and municipal planning (24.06.11). The fol-
lowing is stated in the section on Value creation and business
development:
“The government expects that the planning process gives atten-
tion to mineral resources of national and regional importance
so that these can be treated in a manner which does not limit
future value creation.”
The Directorate of Mining (DMF) has, according to the Minerals
Act, the task of promoting and securing a, for society, acceptable
management and use of mineral resources/building materials.
NGU shall classify the deposits according to their importance and
DMF has responsibility for resource management assessments.
The Directorate is entitled to express an opinion in planning
processes, according to the Plan- and Building law. It refers mu-
nicipalities to NGU’s Gravel and Aggregate database and other
mineral database in relation to municipal plans. The municipal-
ities are made aware of areas containing important deposits,
which should be made available for exploitation.
Sydvaranger Gruve ASFoto: Rolv Dahl
32
33
The value of mineral deposits of national importance in NorwayNorway has major deposits of mineral resources which, i.a. can contribute to Europe’s supplies. Norway is already an important supplier of several resources to the European and other markets.
Examples include titanium minerals, iron ore, coal, ground
marble, high-purity quartz, nepheline syenite, olivine, graph-
ite, hard-rock aggregate and natural stone. Norway is also
Europe’s most important producer of aluminium, ferro-alloys,
mineral fertiliser, manganese alloys and nickel metal, mainly
based on processing of imported mineral raw materials.
NGU has calculated that known, investigated deposits of me-
tallic mineral resources in Norway, using prices as of April 2012,
have a value of c. NOK 1,400,000 million. Deposits of industrial
minerals, hard-rock aggregate, gravel, coal and natural stone
have been calculated to add approximately a further NOK
1,100,000 million, giving a total of NOK 2,500,000 million. Ge-
ological and production-related factors, labour and other costs
related to their extraction will govern how much of the “in situ”
value can actually be realised. Increased mapping and new
discoveries will increase the estimates. Market prices and produc-
tion costs related to extraction will determine the extent to which
the resources can form a basis for profitable mineral operations.
The value of mineral deposits of national importance in Norway, prices April 2012.
MINERALS ”IN SITU” VALUE
NOK million
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS 467,000NATURAL STONE 250,000INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 400,000COAL 23,000METALLIC ORES 1388,000TOTAL 2528,000
34
Reinfjorden, olivineKarlsøy, dolomite
Nakken, dolomite
Potrasbukt, dolomite
Evenes, limestone
Kvalvik, quartz
Hesjafjellet, quartz
Glamsland, feldspar/quartz
Jennestad, graphite
Breivik, limestone
Gausdal, limestone
Knipane, feldspar
Drag, quartz
Åheim, olivine
Hole, limestone
Tana, quartzite
Trælen, graphite
Svanvik, quartz
Dalen, limestone
Raudberget, talc
Glærum, limestone
Verdal, limestone
Mårnes, quartzite
Seljeli, dolomite
Granåsen, dolomite
Kragerø, quartzite
Raudbergvik, olivine
Kjøpsvik, limestone
Hestvika, limestone
Løvgavlen, dolomiteHammerfall, dolomite
Akselberg, limestone
Hekkelstrand, dolomite
Ertenvågdalen, dolomite
Gudvangen, anorthosite
Stjernøy,nepheline syenite/apatite
Furuberget, limestone
Nyseter, talc
Nakkan/Altermark, talc
Kodal, apatite
Bryggja, olivine
Nesodden, quartz
Linnajarvi, talc
Skøelv, dolomite
Steinsvik, olivine
Nasafjell, quartz
Bjerkreim, apatite
Onilsavatn, olivine
Ødegården, apatite
Kongsmoen, limestone
Skallelv, quartzite
Breivoll, limestone
Raudfjellet, magnesite/talc
Fagervollan, limestone
Visnes/Naas/Langnes,limestone
Hattfjelldal, limestone
Fjelldalsheia, limestone
Ljøsenhammeren, limestone
Engebøfjellet, rutile/garnet
Melkfjell, quartzite
In production
Not in production
Industrial mineral depositsofnationalinterest2013
35
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$$
$
$
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Førde, gneissVærlandet, breccia
Vindafjord, flagstone
Hjelmeland, flagstone
Sandnes, gneissRennesøy, gneiss
Valdres, pyllite
Rennebu, trondhjemite
Loppa, flagstone
Saltdal, marble
Nordreisa, flagstone
Friarfjord, flagstone
Lødningen, syenite
Tolga, trondhjemite
Linnajarvi, soapstone
Hellvik/Sirevåg,anorthosite
Alta, flagstone
Voss, flagstone
Rissa, flagstone
Snåsa, flagstone
Lierne, flagstone
Oppdal, flagstone
Jondal, flagstone
Fauske, marble
Røyken, granite
Gloppen, flagstone
Grorud, syenite
Gjermundsnes, gneiss
Karmøy,quartzite
Larvik, larvikiteIddefjord, granite
Støren, trondhjemite
Kautokeino, quartzite
Otta, flagstone/soapstone $ In production
$ Possible, future productuon
Natural stone deposits ofnationalinterest2013
36
##
###
#
####
#
##
#
#
####
#
##
##
#
#
#
##
#
#
###
#
#
##
#
##
####
#
#
#
#
##
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
###
#
##
#
#
#
##
#
Gjermestadknuten
FremoSøberg
Høgilt
ForsethStokkan
Bjorhus
Fonndalen
Rugslandmoen
Ørsjødal
Lia
Fana
Askøy
Tomma
Lædre
Skjøla
Eikefet
Hausvik
DyrstadGulestø
Visnes
Halsvik
Hellvik
Bruhagen
Ottersbo
Ytre Arna
Steinåsen
Hegrestad
Studedalen
Bjørnevatn
Ringknuten
Nord-Fosen
Lundaneset
Repparfjord
Sandnesjøen
Jordalsnuten
Seljestokken
Gjøbergsheia
Rekefjord
Vassfjell
Skipperdalen
Ostervikknuten
#
#
#
# #
##
#
#
#
#
#
##
#
##
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Nenset
MonaNenset
Lyngås
VilbergHensmoen
Kilemoen
Eggemoen
Hovinmoen
Geiteryggen
Kurillbakken
Verket-Hurum
Skar
Huken
Dalen
Brække
Glosli
Hedrum
Valberg Tvedalen
Hadeland
Bondkall
Tjølling
Fokserød
Vinterbro
Stubberud
Skutvikåsen
Bjønndalen
Lierskogen
ValleråsenBjørndalen
Steinskogen
Feiring bruk
LauvåskollenSætre/Høgåsen
Stulen-Høgåsen-Dyrkollåsen
#
#
#
###
#
#
##
#
#
#
#
#
Såt
Tau 2
Velde
Jelsa
Dirdal
Espevik
Røyrvik
Risavika
Jøsneset
Røyneberg
Kubbavika
Grasdalen
Dyneneset
Sauaskolten
Nordre KalbergSøndre Kalberg
Tveit
VauleLøland
Forsand
ValheimSoppaland
Nedre Espedal
Gravel - In production
Gravel - Possible, future production
# Aggregate - In production
# Aggregate - Possible, future production
Sand, gravel and hard rock aggregates ofnationalinterest2013
37
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"""
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
""
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Ulveryggen/Nussir, copper
Kodal, titanium/iron/phosphorusSæteråsen, niobiumFen, niobium
Kisgruva, copper/zink/selenium
Orkheia, rutile/titanium
Sjøholt, iron/vanadium
Heindalen, iron/titanium
Høgtuva, beryllium
Grimsdal/Folldal, zink
Vakkerlien, nickel/copper
Hersjø/Røros-Tydal, copper/zink
Selvåg, titanium/iron Andørja, iron/titanium
Mauken, gold
Karenhaugen, PGE/copper
Gallujav'ri, nickel
Rai'tevarri, copper/gold
Gjeddevann,gold
Skiftesmyr/Godejord, copper/zink
Løkken, copper/zink
Bjerkreim, ilmenite/vanadium
Ørtfjell, iron
Bjørnevatn, iron
Ertelien, nickel
Joma, copper
Rødsand, iron
Kolsvik, gold
Bruvann, nickel/copper
Mofjellet, zink/copper/lead/gold
Nordli, molybdenum
Knaben, molybdenum
Tellnes, ilmenite/nickel
Ødegårdens verk, rutile/titanium
Espedalen, nickel
Sulitjelma, copper/gold
Engebøfjellet/Naustdal,rutile/titanium
Skorovatn, copper/zink
Bidjovagge,gold/copper
" In production
" Not in production
Metallic ore deposits ofnationalinterest2013
38
Challenges for the futureNorway has a varied geology, offering great potential for mineral production. The long coastline, and proximity to the European market are important competitive advantages. Norway is a considerable mineral producer by European standards and will probably become even more important. Norway itself has a high consumption of mineral products - 13 tonnes/inhabitant in 2013, and the mining and quarrying indus-tries are responsible for important value creation, with major spin-off contributions, in the regions of Norway.
Data has been collected from all registered producers operating
in 2013 showing that they have had exploration/mapping costs
of NOK 91 million in their search for new resources of all types of
mineral raw materials (Table 17) (NOK 85 million in 2012). NGU has
used an additional NOK 51 million in its mineral resource mapping
programmes in South- and North Norway in 2013. Foreign-owned
and Norwegian companies not in production are not included in
the table.
Strong economic growth in Asia over time, especially in the World’s
two most heavily populated nations, China and India, has led to
shortages and high prices for many natural resources. The re-
cession led to a major reduction in exploration activity in 2009
but the rise in resource prices in 2010/2011 led to a siginificant
increase in exploration by both Norwegian and foreign companies.
Recent years’ focus on shortages of certain types of resource has
led to an increase in the need for geoscientific knowledge, relating
to the location of economic mineral deposits and the processes
Iddefjord granite, Vigeland parkPhoto: Peer-Richard Neeb.
39
leading to their formation. NGU will contribute to the explora-
tion and development of new mineral resources for the future.
The Directorate of Mining/ NGU portal www.prospecting.no is a
tool for companies in their assessment of new, potential explora-
tion areas for metallic ores, industrial minerals and natural stone.
Norway is known for many types of mineral resource: ores of the
metals titanium, iron, nickel, copper, molybdenum, the industrial
minerals olivine, high-purity quartz, graphite and ground marble,
the natural stones larvikite and anorthosite with colourful Schiller
effect and Devonian sandstone, gneisses and white anorthosite
and for use as hard-rock aggregate. These resources are impor-
tant for Europe. Norway has a potential for several types of miner-
al resource and new deposits. Innovative technological research
on the use of these raw materials, for example in combination
with natural gas, could provide a basis for new domestic pro-
cessing industries. The mineral and mining industry faces some
major challenges, including:
• Explorationanddevelopmentoffuturemineraldeposits.
• Increasedresearcheffortsinallareas-fromunderstand
ingofthedeposits,viaprocessingoftheproductsto
utilisation/depositionoftailings.
• Competitionforskilledemployees.
• Securingtheavailabilityoffuturemineraldepositsin
planningprocessesforareadevelopment.
• Continuingeffortstominimizeenvironmentalimpacts.
Quality standards for mineral products are continually being
heightened. Producers can either raise the quality of their prod-
ucts by process improvements or by finding new deposits with
a higher natural quality. These developments require higher ex-
pertise in both producing companies and research institutions.
Extraction of minerals commonly leads to land-use conflicts. Min-
ing companies must, however, locate at the site of the deposits
and cannot move elsewhere. The mineral industry uses a very
minor land area on a national scale. Information from producers
shows that mines/quarries and associated buildings represented
only 0.03 % of Norway’s land area in the last year (Table 17). Most
of this area is related to extraction of metallic ores, gravel and
hard-rock aggregate.
It could be considered that society has had too little focus
on important aspects of management of mineral resources.
This is clear when we compare public management of mineral
resources with the efforts made in relation to other types of nat-
ural resource or sectors, including land-use, forestry, agriculture
and nature reserves. While there is extensive land management
consideration in relation to these types of resources and the
areas where they occur, mineral resources are typically omitted
from area development plans, despite the tremendous value
they may represent. This is yet another reason for mapping cur-
rently known deposits as well as areas with a potential for new
deposits in greater detail. Two companies are currently planning
new operations, Nussir ASA in Kvalsund municipality and Nordic
Mining ASA in Naustdal municipality, but both are dependent on
deposition of tailings to fjords and have applied for waste-dep-
osition permits. The Government is following this issue and has
stated: “The Government will create positive conditions for the
mining industry in Norway. The Sundvolden platform states that
the mineral industry may deposit tailings in the sea, but that it
will require rigorous standards and dependable environmental
monitoring. This presumes that alternative solutions for tailings
disposal do not give a better solution.
The European Union has focussed on the need for securing a
sustainable supply of the mineral resources needed by industry,
using, among other instruments, a strategic research plan for ex-
ploration, production and environmental challenges. New basic
data must be collected and existing information presented in a
better manner. Mineral statistics from Norway are reported to
the EU annually, also, preferably, including all prospecting costs.
A long-term European raw materials strategy will also include the
potential found in Norway. It is therefore highly appropriate that
a new Mineral Act came into effect in 2010 and that the previous
government issued its Mineral Strategy for Norway in 2013. The
new government, in its Sundvolden declaration, has associated
itself with the main elements in the Mineral Strategy.
40
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Skallelv, quartzite
Svanvik, quartzGjeddevann, gold
Friarfjord, flagstoneUlveryggen/Nussir, copper
Karenhaugen, PGE/copper
Rai'tevarri, copper/gold
Bidjovagge,gold/copper
Reinfjorden, olivine
Nakken, dolomite
Karlsøy, dolomite
Potrasbukt, dolomite
Mauken, goldSkøelv, dolomite
Jennestad, graphiteSelvåg, titanium/iron
Andørja, iron/titaniumBreivoll, limestone
Evenes, limestoneFjelldalsheia, limestone
Bruvann, nickel/copper
Linnajarvi, talc
Ljøsenhammaren, limestone
Ertemvågdalen, dolomite Sulitjelma, copper/gold
Fonndalen, gravelNasafjell, quartz
Melkfjell, quartzite
Mofjellet, zink/copper/lead/goldHøgtuva, berylliumNakkan/Altermark, talc
Fagervollam, limestoneGranåsen, dolomite
Hattfjelldal, limestone
Kolsvik, gold
Joma, copper
Skorovatn, copper/zink
Skiftesmyr/Godejord, copper/zink
Raudfjellet, magnesite/talc
Kongsmoen, limestone
Gjøbergsheia, aggregate
Løkken, copper/zink
Hersjø/Røros-Tydal, copper/zinkVakkerlien, nickel/copper
Grimsdal/Folldal, zink
Rødsand, ironHeindalen, iron/titanium
Sjøholt, iron/vanadium
Onilsavatn, olivineSteinvik, olivine
Bryggja, olivineGulestø/Skipperdalen, aggregate
Espedalen, nickel
Engebøfjellet/Naustdal,rutile/titanium
Orkheia, rutile/titanium
Raudberget, talc
Gudvangen, anorthosite
Nesoddem, quartz
Kvalvik, quartz
Hesjafjellet,quartz
Lundaneset,aggregate
Steinåsen,aggregate
Såt,aggregate
Kubbavika/Røyrvik/Grasdalen/Sauaskolten/Jøneset/Dyneneset,aggregateVaule,
gravel Bjerkreim, ilmenite/vanadium/apatite
Knipane, feldspar
Glamsland, feldspar/quartzStudedalen, aggregate
Ostervikknutenaggregate
Lædre, aggregate
Raudbergvik, olivine
Loppa, flagstone
Saltdal, marble
Nordreisa, flagstone
Gallujav'ri, nickel
Lødningen, syenite
Tolga, trondhjemite
Linnajarvi, soapstone
Hellvik/Sirevåg,anorthosite
Rissa, flagstone
Fauske, marble
Nyseter, talc
#
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Burud, limestone
Eggemoen, gravel
Nordli, molybdenum
Ertelien, nickel
Kisgruva, copper/zink/selenium
Fen, niobiumSæteråsen, niobium
Kodal, titanium/iron/phosphorus
Stubberud, aggregateSkar, aggregate
Glosli,aggregate
Stulen-Høgåsen-Dyrkollåsen, aggregate
Lauvåskollen/Høgåsen/Sætre,aggregateGeiteryggen,
gravelValleråsen, aggregate
Kodal, apatite
Larvik, larvikite
Ødegården, apatite Iddefjord, granite
FUTURE RESOURCES
# Gravel
# Aggregate
Industrial mineral
" Metallic ore
$ Natural stone
Possible future mineral resourses ofnationalinterest2013
41
INDUSTRIAL MINERALSare minerals and rocks, which form a basis for industrial appli-
cations because of their non-metallic, chemical and/or physical
properties. Exceptions are fossil fuels, water and gemstones.
Applications are numerous, and include many common products
used in every-day life, such as filler in paint, paper and plastic and
as the major components in ceramics, glass and cement.
NATURAL STONE – DIMENSION STONE, SLATE/FLAGSTONE AND MASONRY STONEis defined as all stone that can be cut, split or hewn for use in con-
struction and monuments. Dimension stone is extracted from the
bedrock as large, rectangular blocks, which are further divided
by sawing or splitting to dimensioned slabs or blocks.
Slate is (in industrial terms) used for thin slabs of rocks split along
natural foliations. Flagstone is defined as thicker slabs split along
unevenly distributed foliation planes. In Norway, “slate/flagstone”
production includes quarrying and processing of mica schist,
quartz schist and phyllite.
Masonry (predominantly for drywalls) are roughly formatted
stone blocks made from schist, gneiss and granite.
ENERGY MINERALSare defined as minerals which can release energy on combustion.
The coal deposits on Svalbard and peat from throughout Norway
belong to this group. Coal is used in metallurgical processes and
as an energy source in cement manufacture. Peat is also used in
market gardening and in agriculture.
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS – SAND, GRAVEL, HARD-ROCK AGGREGATE AND CLAYSand and gravel are used interchangeably as a common name for
unconsolidated deposits for use in the building and construction
industries. Geologically, these terms are defined according to
grain size: sand – 0.06-2 mm, gravel – 2-64 mm and stones 64-
256 mm. Hard-rock aggregate is crushed rock. The most com-
monly used rocks for this type of aggregate are gneiss, granite,
quartzite, gabbro and syenite. Clay has grain sizes in the
clay fraction - < 0.002 mm.
METALLIC ORESis the term used to describe rocks which contain minerals with
metals with a specific gravity higher than 5 g/cm3 in such a quan-
tity that they can be exploited with profit. Norway has traditions
for mining of metals back to the 1600s, with Røros (copper), Løk-
ken (copper, zinc) and Kongsberg (silver) among the oldest and
best known.
42
EXTRACTION TONNES SALE/DELIVERED TONNES SALES VALUE(FOB NOK) No. of empl.
Product No. of producers
No. of firms
Production Waste rock Total Domistic Export Total Domistic Export Total Total
CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL
Sand/gravel 461 409 14 079 715 68 749 14 148 463 13 918 758 65 465 13 984 223 920 513 373 4 546 929 925 060 302 730
Hard-rock aggregate 531 454 65 175 499 1 579 169 66 754 668 45 240 252 21 018 317 66 258 569 3 309 922 470 1 138 784 011 4 448 706 481 2172
Clay 4 4 177 208 0 177 208 177 208 0 177 208 3 866 148 0 3 866 148 74
Total 996 867 79 432 422 1 647 918 81 080 339 59 336 218 21 083 782 80 420 000 4 234 301 991 1 143 330 940 5 377 632 931 2976
No. of firms: 788
DIMENSION STONE
Larvikite 10 5 198 423 2 323 676 2 522 099 1 525 202 671 204 196 3 424 120 771 294 711 774 718 831 221
Granite 8 7 16 596 9 168 25 765 5 255 1 400 6 655 8 037 347 3 700 000 11 737 347 14
Gneises 1 1 200 0 200 200 0 200 20 000 0 20 000 0
Marbel 2 2 237 0 237 20 217 237 84 000 311 000 395 000 5
Anortositt 2 2 12 100 168 000 180 100 18 11 430 11 448 90 000 36 128 000 36 218 000 13
Total 23 17 227 556 2 500 844 2 728 401 7 018 215 718 222 736 11 655 467 811 433 711 823 089 178 253
No. of firms: 17
SLATE/FLAGSTONE/MASONRY STONE
Slate/flagstone 32 30 137 385 341 759 479 143 82 569 17 193 99 762 142 030 912 41 608 270 183 639 182 259
Masonry stone 74 72 344 197 305 449 649 644 357 512 84 357 596 152 607 066 200 000 152 807 066 163
Total 106 102 481 582 647 208 1 128 787 440 081 17 277 457 358 294 637 978 41 808 270 336 446 248 422
No. of firms: 86
INDUSTRIAL MINERALS
Carbonate 15 14 5 603 410 1 478 432 7 081 842 5 566 142 136 420 5 702 562 337 473 380 1 249 927 714 1 587 401 094 383
Dolomite 3 2 679 946 56 852 736 798 358 765 302 424 661 189 41 410 894 32 136 573 73 547 467 53
Quartz/quartzite 5 5 1 392 465 53 000 1 445 465 1 230 544 220 000 1 450 544 131 626 000 51 000 000 182 626 000 136
Nepheline syenite 1 1 530 000 380 000 910 000 0 320 000 320 000 0 240 000 000 240 000 000 97
Olivine 2 1 1 657 972 123 000 1 780 972 0 1 702 000 1 702 000 0 313 300 000 313 300 000 116
Graphite 1 1 30 564 8 188 38 752 22 6 185 6 207 71 820 25 503 630 25 575 450 33
Total 27 24 9 894 357 2 099 472 11 993 829 7 155 473 2 687 029 9 842 502 510 582 094 1 911 867 917 2 422 450 011 818
No. of firms: 23
METALLIC ORES
Iron 3 3 9 549 232 16 367 455 25 916 687 1 000 3 408 269 3 409 269 3 200 000 1 876 421 807 1 879 621 807 968
Ilmenite 1 1 3 327 890 8 972 843 12 300 733 367 586 458 540 826 126 294 378 166 548 863 427 843 241 593 273
Nickel 1 1 34 075 91 876 125 952 0 8 459 8 459 0 16 372 883 16 372 883 3
Molybdenum 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 8 0 800 000 800 000 1
Total 6 6 12 911 197 25 432 174 38 343 372 368 586 3 875 276 4 243 862 297 578 166 2 442 458 117 2 740 036 283 1245
No. Of firms: 4
ENERGY MINERALS
Coal 2 1 1 854 883 0 1 854 883 66 899 2 067 522 2 134 421 32 000 000 1 241 000 000 1 273 000 000 476
Peat 10 10 67 928 35 604 103 532 98 852 0 98 852 52 664 502 0 52 664 502 37
Total 11 11 1 922 811 35 604 1 958 415 165 751 2 067 522 2 233 273 84 664 502 1 241 000 000 1 325 664 502 513
No of firms: 11
Total 1169 1027 104 869 925 32 363 220 137 233 143 67 473 127 29 946 604 97 419 731 5 433 420 198 7 591 898 955 13 025 319 153 6226
No. of firms total: 865
TABLE 1: Mineral statistics 2013
APPENDIX
43
TABLE 2: Production value sold NOK 2013 - county inclusive Svalbard
TABLE 3: Sold tonnage - county inclusive Svalbard
COUNTY/REGION Construction material Natural stone Industrial minerals Ores Energy minerals Total
01 Østfold 229 184 895 4 105 000 5 722 600 239 012 495
02 Akershus 471 597 802 471 597 802
03 Oslo 58 374 000 400 000 58 774 000
04 Hedmark 305 007 464 5 727 160 36 353 000 347 087 624
05 Oppland 217 868 142 61 508 661 13 280 000 292 656 803
06 Buskerud 350 603 185 3 934 000 354 537 185
07 Vestfold 239 538 480 774 718 831 6 750 000 1 021 007 311
08 Telemark 174 206 325 3 927 000 93 073 000 271 206 325
09 Aust-Agder 76 166 718 5 325 105 40 000 81 531 823
10 Vest-Agder 73 780 635 500 000 800 000 75 080 635
11 Rogaland 1 233 321 700 60 841 000 873 590 438 2 167 753 138
12 Hordaland 262 070 852 65 339 918 327 410 770
14 Sogn og Fjordane 420 086 742 26 083 000 446 169 742
15 Møre og Romsdal 307 248 980 12 573 364 1 592 305 362 1 912 127 706
16 Sør-Trøndelag 327 396 016 58 983 347 256 902 386 636 265
17 Nord-Trøndelag 177 679 428 13 266 800 57 710 323 975 000 249 631 551
18 Nordland 257 772 335 1 895 000 275 478 716 678 200 000 2 567 000 1 215 913 051
19 Troms 103 117 341 50 000 25 575 450 128 742 791
20 Finnmark 92 611 891 66 084 400 359 300 000 1 187 445 845 1 705 442 136
21 Svalbard 1 273 000 000 1 273 000 000
Total 5 377 632 931 1 159 535 426 2 422 450 011 2 740 036 283 1 325 664 502 13 025 319 153
COUNTY/REGION Construction material Natural stone Industrial minerals Ores Energy minerals Total
01 Østfold 3 012 975 3 412 8 060 3 024 447
02 Akershus 5 992 543 5 992 543
03 Oslo 490 273 150 490 423
04 Hedmark 4 340 589 31 390 30 800 4 402 779
05 Oppland 2 920 175 39 252 49 000 3 008 427
06 Buskerud 4 456 179 3 505 500 4 460 184
07 Vestfold 3 047 083 204 196 35 300 3 286 579
08 Telemark 2 484 255 8 077 1 332 140 3 824 472
09 Aust-Agder 1 140 811 8 705 3 000 1 152 516
10 Vest-Agder 977 012 3 412 8 980 432
11 Rogaland 21 841 837 63 347 864 193 22 769 377
12 Hordaland 4 109 415 144 742 4 254 157
14 Sogn og Fjordane 7 125 004 85 164 7 210 168
15 Møre og Romsdal 4 581 550 25 654 2 563 321 7 170 525
16 Sør-Trøndelag 4 795 571 53 727 1 554 4 850 852
17 Nord-Trøndelag 3 079 002 16 457 1 186 862 4 500 4 286 821
18 Nordland 3 129 021 1 252 3 178 582 1 451 661 15 138 7 775 654
19 Troms 1 436 202 20 6 207 1 442 429
20 Finnmark 1 460 503 19 022 1 495 000 1 928 000 4 902 525
21 Svalbard 2 134 421 2 134 421
Total 80 420 000 680 094 9 842 502 4 243 862 2 233 273 97 419 731
44
COUNTY/REGION Construction material Natural stone Industrial minerals Ores Energy - minerals Total
01 Østfold 108,3 2 4 114
02 Akershus 243,9 244
03 Oslo 22 0,8 23
04 Hedmark 147,8 5 19 172
05 Oppland 125 104,8 4,2 234
06 Buskerud 200,3 3 203
07 Vestfold 110,4 221 5 336
08 Telemark 129,2 4,2 49 182
09 Aust-Agder 43,9 8,9 0,2 53
10 Vest-Agder 37 1 0,6 39
11 Rogaland 548,7 22,8 286 858
12 Hordaland 142 37,3 179
14 Sogn og Fjordane 244 30,6 275
15 Møre og Romsdal 192,1 4,3 325,9 522
16 Sør-Trøndelag 195,8 167,8 0,1 364
17 Nord-Trøndelag 127,4 22 28 0,4 178
18 Nordland 211,2 7,1 235 417 8 878
19 Troms 77 0,5 33 111
20 Finnmark 70,2 36,6 138 541 786
21 Svalbard 476 476
Total 2976,2 674,7 818,1 1244,6 512,7 6226
TABLE 4: Number of employees - county inclusive Svalbard
45
TABLE 5: Sold tonnage in 1000 tonnes, 2002 - 2013
Rock/mineral 2002 ktonnes 2003 ktonnes 2004 ktonnes 2005 ktonnes 2006 ktonnes 2007 ktonnes 2008 ktonnes 2009 ktonnes 2010 ktonnes 2011 ktonnes 2012 ktonnes 2013 ktonnes
Olivine 3 100 3 300 3 400 3 100 2 923 2 562 2 554 1 267 2 560 2 237 1 650 1 702
Nepheline syenite 330 320 330 320 335 312 346 270 327 330 320 320
Quars/quartzite 1 140 1 100 1 200 1 100 834 1 041 1 025 773 1 055 1 163 1 083 1 451
Talc- soapstone 43 48 32 34 63 65 37 23 6 8 8
Feltspar (anorthosite) 210 530 510 270 65 65 62 48 56 25
Graphite 14 - 6 9 9 3 4 5 6 8 7 6
Carbonate 5 500 6 300 6 300 6 300 6 220 7 521 7 395 6 151 6 146 5 956 5 856 5 703
Dolomite 570 570 600 610 762 750 741 544 604 652 643 661
Total industrial minerals 10 907 12 168 12 378 11 743 11 211 12 319 12 164 9 081 10 760 10 379 9 567 9 843
Ilmenite 827 859 870 810 850 882 915 671 864 869 831 826
Molybdenum
Nickel concentrate 14 8 8 8 8 6 9 7 7 8 8 8
Iron 480 390 590 700 620 630 746 896 3 105 2 532 3 421 3 409
Total metallic ores 1 321 1 257 1 468 1 518 1 478 1 518 1 670 1 574 3 976 3 409 4 260 4 243
Coal 2 200 2 800 2 900 1 620 2 359 3 223 3 429 2 437 1 685 1 639 1 326 2 134
Peat - - - - 78 159 498 291 148 101 93 99
Total energy minerals 2 200 2 800 2 900 1 620 2 437 3 382 3 927 2 728 1 833 1 740 1 419 2 233
Dimension stone 380 330 340 390 802 299 287 240 323 271 195 223
Slate/flagstone 160 250 260 470 105 88 165 78 77 88 111 100
Masonry stone - - - - 166 207 574 315 249 347 332 358
Total natural stone 540 580 600 860 1 073 594 1 026 633 649 706 638 681
Hard-rock aggregate 35 000 36 000 37 000 38 000 45 888 52 968 53 973 51 465 54 708 64 436 67 305 66 259
Sand/gravel 15 000 15 000 15 000 15 000 13 484 15 315 15 066 13 051 13 112 14 343 14 288 13 984
Clay 450 370 230 230 320 319 279 224 201 193 198 177
Total construction materials
50 450 51 370 52 230 53 230 59 692 68 602 69 318 64 740 68 021 78 972 81 791 80 420
Total 65 418 68 175 69 576 68 971 75 891 86 415 88 105 78 756 85 239 95 206 97 675 97 420
46
Rock/mineral 2002 M.NOK 2003 M.NOK 2004 M.NOK 2005 M.NOK 2006 M.NOK 2007 M.NOK 2008 M.NOK 2009 M.NOK 2010 M.NOK 2011 M.NOK 2012 M.NOK 2013 M.NOK
Olivine 278 297 377 398 391 301 361 259 435 343 296 313
Nepheline syenite 219 221 211 235 247 229 231 230 239 278 240 240
Quars/quartzite 140 135 158 143 137 170 184 204 271 393 185 183
Talc- soapstone 48 54 53 50 88 72 23 14 6 6 7
Feltspar (anorthosite) 52 73 79 51 35 35 35 33 36 17
Graphite 19 - 13 19 17 6 8 13 16 34 34 26
Carbonate 1 488 1 731 1 925 1 877 1 995 1 873 1 959 1 648 1 539 1796 1 894 1 587
Dolomite 57 51 60 61 115 133 74 65 55 64 140 74
Total industrial minerals 2 301 2 562 2 876 2 834 3 025 2 819 2 876 2 466 2 597 2 931 2 796 2 423
Ilmenite 470 472 473 508 533 523 563 471 571 621 945 843
Molybdenum 3 2 2 1
Nickel concentrate 93 8 17 15 25 28 39 16 23 23 20 16
Iron 91 74 131 185 562 232 329 281 1 225 1 819 2 019 1 880
Total metallic ores 654 554 621 708 1 120 783 934 770 1 821 2 463 2 984 2 740
Coal 654 938 1 021 615 1 095 1 936 2 645 2 007 1 464 1 406 826 1 273
Peat - - - - 60 67 77 73 72 53 68 52
Total energy minerals 654 938 1 021 615 1 155 2 003 2 722 2 080 1 536 1 459 894 1 325
Dimension stone 836 722 842 788 641 644 557 460 501 534 487 823
Slate/flagstone 234 219 233 275 281 266 297 269 238 256 247 184
Masonry stone - - - - 76 69 85 82 105 133 153 153
Total natural stone 1 070 941 1 075 1 063 998 979 939 811 844 923 887 1 160
Hard-rock aggregate 1 950 1 960 2 040 2 300 2 382 3 054 3 234 3 157 3 307 3 849 4 241 4 449
Sand/gravel 590 590 600 720 632 873 800 756 773 919 892 925
Clay 10 9 8 7 9 9 8 6 6 8 4 4
Total construction materials
2 550 2 559 2 648 3 027 3 023 3 936 4 042 3 919 4 086 4 776 5 137 5 378
Total 7 229 7 554 8 241 8 247 9 321 10 520 11 512 10 046 10 884 12 552 12 698 13 026
TABLE 6: Sales value of production 2002 - 2013
47
TABLE 7: Number of employees 2002 -2013
Rock/mineral 2002 No.of empl.
2003 No.of empl.
2004 No.of empl.
2005 No.of empl.
2006 No.of empl.
2007 No.of empl.
2008 No.of empl.
2009 No.of empl.
2010 No.of empl.
2011 No.of empl.
2012 No.of empl.
2013 No.of empl.
Olivine 205 199 225 210 184 199 175 141 121 176 135 116
Nepheline syenite 107 105 97 100 91 91 92 95 95 92 98 97
Quars/quartzite 94 92 94 84 87 100 113 108 114 148 138 136
Talc- soapstone 102 75 67 67 31 29 18 18 4 4 3
Feltspar (anorthosite) 34 43 45 42 22 23 21 23 22 22
Graphite - - 26 26 25 25 27 27 27 29 32 33
Carbonate 401 417 421 479 513 475 478 443 474 437 392 383
Dolomite 51 63 68 70 78 87 53 49 51 52 54 53
Total industrial minerals 994 994 1 043 1 078 1 031 1 029 977 904 908 960 852 818
Ilmenite 236 247 246 245 277 245 248 247 250 257 290 273
Molybdenum 3 2 3 1 1
Nickel concentrate 2 - - - 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 3
Iron 160 160 160 178 188 197 213 352 759 804 724 968
Total metallic ores 398 407 406 423 468 444 466 604 1 014 1 063 1 018 1245
Coal 225 233 362 430 411 396 464 426 414 475 529 476
Peat - - - - 48 45 83 43 42 46 37 37
Total energy minerals 225 233 362 430 459 441 547 469 456 521 566 513
Dimension stone 465 474 470 465 404 358 327 260 238 268 214 253
Slate/flagstone 357 378 325 347 373 279 313 304 240 264 260 259
Masonry stone - - - - 74 59 75 77 123 116 175 163
Total natural stone 822 852 795 812 851 696 715 641 601 648 649 675
Hard-rock aggregate 1 242 1 340 1 205 1 312 1 288 1 561 1 624 1 667 1 852 2 068 2 105 2172
Sand/gravel 1 353 1 178 1 333 1 355 571 535 510 623 674 764 724 730
Clay - - 78 59 40 92 38 72 70 74 76 74
Total construction materials
2 595 2 518 2 616 2 726 1 899 2 188 2 172 2 362 2 596 2 906 2 905 2976
Total 5 034 5 004 5 222 5 469 4 708 4 798 4 877 4 980 5 575 6 098 5 990 6 227
48
COUNTY/REGION No. of producers
EXTRACTION (metric tonnes) SALE/DELIVERED (metric tonnes) SALES VALUE (FOB NOK) No. of employees
Total Production Wasterock Total Domestic Export Total Domestic Export Total Total
Østfold 10 493 649 7 812 501 461 489 649 489 649 28 285 400 28 285 400 15,8
Akershus 7 1 159 928 1 159 928 1 159 730 1 159 730 62 307 650 62 307 650 33,5
Oslo 0
Hedmark 52 930 358 7 828 938 186 870 845 1 850 872 695 59 536 189 155 000 59 691 189 56,1
Oppland 56 1 356 899 800 1 357 699 1 273 175 1 273 175 87 660 123 87 660 123 53,4
Buskerud 37 1 684 031 734 1 684 765 1 658 891 2 500 1 661 391 132 222 659 700 000 132 922 659 77,7
Vestfold 1 49 016 49 016 49 016 49 016 3 791 121 3 791 121 2,2
Telemark 23 639 501 288 639 789 650 577 650 577 41 268 768 41 268 768 40,9
Aust-Agder 19 477 037 477 037 480 237 480 237 24 464 734 24 464 734 12
Vest-Agder 5 24 401 24 401 31 578 31 578 1 704 500 1 704 500 1,2
Rogaland 33 2 342 292 2 342 292 2 288 781 40 537 2 329 318 157 825 801 2 215 996 160 041 797 117,1
Hordaland 8 581 600 581 600 532 789 532 789 41 260 912 41 260 912 24,4
Sogn og Fjordane 20 303 712 209 303 921 367 930 367 930 27 751 840 27 751 840 27,4
Møre og Romsdal 26 1 164 069 10 625 1 174 694 1 178 467 10 585 1 189 052 78 090 533 775 933 78 866 466 45
Sør-Trøndelag 33 815 987 15 243 831 230 804 318 804 318 48 975 184 48 975 184 64,7
Nord-Trøndelag 45 725 908 725 908 707 612 9 993 717 605 41 747 795 700 000 42 447 795 51,5
Nordland 29 307 653 7 290 314 943 318 522 318 522 21 880 752 21 880 752 32,7
Troms 31 543 916 400 544 316 561 863 561 863 33 555 341 33 555 341 39,2
Finnmark 26 479 758 17 520 497 278 494 778 494 778 28 184 071 28 184 071 35,4
TOTAL 461 14 079 715 68 749 14 148 464 13 918 758 65 465 13 984 223 920 513 373 4 546 929 925 060 302 730,2
TABLE 8: Production of gravel and sand by county 2013
TABLE 9: Production of hard-rock aggregate by county, 2013COUNTY/REGION No. of
producers EXTRACTION (metric tonnes) SALE/DELIVERED (metric tonnes) SALES VALUE (FOB NOK) No. of employees
Total Production Wasterock Total Domestic Export Total Domestic Export Total Total
Østfold 22 2 652 495 2 652 495 2 181 326 342 000 2 523 326 183 457 495 17 442 000 200 899 495 92,5
Akershus 20 4 815 994 168 000 4 983 994 4 677 318 4 677 318 407 673 004 407 673 004 165,7
Oslo 2 525 273 525 273 490 273 490 273 58 374 000 58 374 000 22
Hedmark 29 3 556 274 10 451 3 566 725 3 467 894 3 467 894 245 316 275 245 316 275 91,7
Oppland 41 1 572 104 79 423 1 651 527 1 647 000 1 647 000 130 208 019 130 208 019 71,8
Buskerud 36 2 879 198 20 000 2 899 198 2 794 288 2 794 288 217 680 526 217 680 526 122,5
Vestfold 19 2 625 490 330 001 2 955 491 2 676 909 321 158 2 998 067 206 793 139 28 954 220 235 747 359 108,2
Telemark 31 1 964 700 34 974 1 999 674 1 304 715 507 750 1 812 465 99 552 551 31 136 006 130 688 557 59
Aust-Agder 17 662 475 6 164 668 639 660 574 660 574 51 701 984 51 701 984 31,9
Vest-Agder 17 852 070 32 220 884 290 895 434 50 000 945 434 69 076 135 3 000 000 72 076 135 35,8
Rogaland 38 18 456 772 57 551 18 514 323 7 253 970 12 258 549 19 512 519 438 502 470 634 777 433 1 073 279 903 431,8
Hordaland 21 3 640 028 117 051 3 757 079 2 121 195 1 455 431 3 576 626 155 657 878 65 152 062 220 809 940 117,5
Sogn og Fjordane 35 6 732 994 116 193 6 849 187 1 180 508 5 576 566 6 757 074 76 145 902 316 189 000 392 334 902 216,6
Møre og Romsdal 45 3 580 524 159 894 3 740 418 3 204 792 187 706 3 392 498 215 215 514 13 167 000 228 382 514 147,1
Sør-Trøndelag 39 3 500 465 85 032 3 585 497 3 987 253 4 000 3 991 253 278 170 832 250 000 278 420 832 131,1
Nord-Trøndelag 48 2 459 082 16 365 2 475 447 2 361 397 2 361 397 135 231 633 135 231 633 76,1
Nordland 48 2 835 163 117 573 2 952 736 2 805 499 5 000 2 810 499 235 739 983 151 600 235 891 583 178,5
Troms 12 873 800 17 800 891 600 874 339 874 339 69 562 000 69 562 000 37,8
Finnmark 11 990 598 210 477 1 201 075 655 568 310 157 965 725 35 863 130 28 564 690 64 427 820 34,8
TOTAL 531 65 175 499 1 579 169 66 754 668 45 240 252 21 018 317 66 258 569 3 309 922 470 1 138 784 011 4 448 706 481 2172,4
49
TABLE 10: Size and royalty distribution for gravel producers based on tonnage sold in 2013
TABLE 11: Size and royalty distribution for hard-rock aggregate producers based on tonnage sold in 2013
TONNES ROYALITY (NOK/TONNES)
Prod. CE-marking Prod.
Size (metric tonnes) Producers % Total % Total tonnes % Average Producers Min Max Average Median
1 - 10000 265 57,5 40 8,7 820 626 5,9 3 097 141 0,0 21,5 8,2 7,5
10001 - 50000 131 28,4 69 15,0 2 977 278 21,3 22 727 115 1,0 26,7 7,7 6,5
50001 - 100000 27 5,9 20 4,3 2 053 564 14,7 76 058 25 1,0 17,0 7,9 6,8
100001 - 250000 28 6,1 18 3,9 4 507 448 32,2 160 980 26 2,2 25,0 8,0 6,6
250001 - 500000 9 2,0 4 0,9 3 043 835 21,8 338 204 9 4,4 11,0 8,3 8,1
500001 -1000000 1 0,2 1 0,2 581 472 4,2 581 472 1 3,0 3,0 3,0 3,0
1000001 - 0 0,0 0 0,0 0 0,0 0 0
Total 461 152 33 13 984 223 30 335 317 0,01 26,7 7,99 7
TONNES ROYALITY (NOK/TONNES)
Prod. CE-marking Prod.
Size (metric tonnes) Producers % Total % Total tonnes % Average Producers Min Max Average Median
1 - 10000 160 30,1 26 4,9 684 480 1,0 4 278 67 0,0 15,0 4,69 3,5
10001 - 50000 170 32,0 56 10,5 4 734 636 7,1 27 851 114 0,0 15,0 3,57 3,0
50001 - 100000 74 13,9 35 6,6 5 359 373 8,1 72 424 58 0,3 18,0 3,29 3,0
100001 - 250000 65 12,2 40 7,5 11 042 656 16,7 169 887 49 0,1 16,0 3,29 3,0
250001 - 500000 43 8,1 24 4,5 14 821 214 22,4 344 679 35 0,3 9,0 2,64 2,5
500001 -1000000 10 1,9 6 1,1 5 975 241 9,0 597 524 8 0,3 3,4 1,92 2,0
1000001 - 9 1,7 7 1,3 23 640 969 35,7 2 626 774 6 0,3 2,2 1,11 1,1
Total 531 194 36,5 66 258 569 124 781 337 0,01 18,0 3,52 3,0
50
Sale (metric tonnes) ROAD MAKING ASPHALT CONCRETE OTHER USES UNKNOWN
COUNTY/REGION % metric tonnes % metric tonnes % metric tonnes % metric tonnes % metric tonnes
01 Østfold 489 649 34,5 169 000 54,2 265 561 11,3 55 088
02 Akershus 1 159 730 16,2 187 917 37,5 434 913 32,7 379 104 13,6 157 796
03 Oslo
04 Hedmark 872 695 39,9 347 910 12,8 111 598 24,0 209 382 23,4 203 805
05 Oppland 1 273 175 44,9 571 264 8,9 112 761 7,0 88 947 39,3 500 203
06 Buskerud 1 661 391 5,7 93 935 4,6 76 991 67,2 1 116 480 22,5 373 985
07 Vestfold 49 016 34,0 16 665 46,0 22 547 20,0 9 803
08 Telemark 650 577 17,2 111 994 10,2 66 650 56,9 370 173 15,6 101 760
09 Aust-Agder 480 237 13,0 62 367 16,0 76 860 54,5 261 571 16,5 79 438
10 Vest-Agder 31 578 3,1 975 42,4 13 400 54,5 17 203
11 Rogaland 2 329 318 5,0 117 214 1,3 31 020 87,3 2 033 481 6,3 147 601 2
12 Hordaland 532 789 16,6 88 332 24,6 131 027 37,4 199 431 21,4 113 999
14 Sogn og Fjordane 367 930 31,5 115 629 11,2 41 269 36,2 133 062 21,2 77 970
15 Møre og Romsdal 1 189 052 9,3 110 970 24,7 293 682 51,5 612 767 9,8 116 632 4,6 55 000
16 Sør-Trøndelag 804 318 19,8 159 394 9,1 73 575 43,5 349 500 27,6 221 850
17 Nord-Trøndelag 717 605 15,6 112 138 16,3 116 833 44,9 322 346 23,2 166 288
18 Nordland 318 522 24,1 76 708 6,5 20 546 41,8 133 009 25,5 81 213 2,2 7 045
19 Troms 561 863 11,8 66 205 36,3 204 200 33,5 188 136 18,4 103 322
20 Finnmark 494 778 35,3 174 338 22,7 112 546 13,7 67 578 28,4 140 316
Total 13 984 223 18,5 2 582 954 13,6 1 904 472 48,4 6 766 476 19,1 2 668 275 0,4 62 047
TABLE 12: Consumption/sector for gravel in 2013
TABLE 13: Consumption/sector for hard-rock aggregate in 2013
Sale (metric tonnes) ROAD MAKING ASPHALT CONCRETE OTHER USES UNKNOWN
COUNTY/REGION % metric tonnes % metric tonnes % metric tonnes % metric tonnes % metric tonnes
01 Østfold 2 523 326 40,6 1 023 202 8,2 206 592 16,1 407 511 35,1 886 021
02 Akershus 4 677 318 46,5 2 171 931 10,2 475 250 9,6 450 700 31,7 1 484 281 2,0 95 156
03 Oslo 490 273 41,9 205 273 23,3 114 000 27,1 133 000 7,8 38 000
04 Hedmark 3 467 894 57,1 1 976 868 8,1 280 319 3,4 119 325 31,5 1 091 381
05 Oppland 1 647 000 47,5 781 230 9,8 161 044 2,3 38 458 40,5 666 268
06 Buskerud 2 794 288 50,4 1 407 106 18,8 526 645 9,4 261 599 21,4 598 938
07 Vestfold 2 998 067 20,6 617 834 17,5 525 034 4,3 129 553 57,6 1 725 647
08 Telemark 1 812 465 38,4 696 194 32,3 584 556 2,7 48 320 26,6 481 895 0,1 1 500
09 Aust-Agder 660 574 46,9 309 370 16,0 105 795 5,2 34 650 31,9 210 759
10 Vest-Agder 945 434 31,5 297 670 1,7 16 429 2,5 23 287 64,3 608 047
11 Rogaland 19 512 519 47,0 9 160 787 13,4 2 620 388 12,6 2 458 840 27,0 5 272 503 1
12 Hordaland 3 576 626 54,6 1 951 898 3,8 134 600 15,2 544 137 26,4 945 991
14 Sogn og Fjordane 6 757 074 42,9 2 893 879 8,2 555 614 8,0 540 632 40,9 2 766 949
15 Møre og Romsdal 3 392 498 35,7 1 210 302 1,6 55 428 0,3 10 400 62,4 2 116 368
16 Sør-Trøndelag 3 991 253 45,5 1 815 145 12,9 513 180 4,4 175 056 37,0 1 475 872 0,3 12 000
17 Nord-Trøndelag 2 361 397 50,5 1 191 734 5,8 138 026 3,3 76 961 38,4 905 677 2,1 48 999
18 Nordland 2 810 499 48,8 1 369 452 14,8 415 808 8,7 243 888 27,6 776 851 0,2 4 500
19 Troms 874 339 28,7 250 916 4,1 35 550 9,2 80 600 58,0 507 273
20 Finnmark 965 725 25,0 241 139 157 75,0 724 429
Total 66 258 569 44,6 29 571 930 11,3 7 464 258 8,7 5 777 074 35,1 23 283 151 0,2 162 156
51
TABLE 14: Transport of sand and gravel for each county 2013
DOMISTIC EXPORT
No. of producers Transport % Average transport in km Transport % Average transport in km
COUNTY/REGION
Total With export
Car
Train
Boat
Car
Train
Boat
Car
Train
Boat
Car
Train
Boat
01 Østfold 10 0 100 25
02 Akershus 7 0 100 27
03 Oslo 0 0
04 Hedmark 52 2 100 18 100 50
05 Oppland 56 0 100 19 0
06 Buskerud 37 1 70 30 28 40 100 350
07 Vestfold 1 0 100 15
08 Telemark 23 0 100 21
09 Aust-Agder 19 0 100 32
10 Vest-Agder 5 0 100 15
11 Rogaland 30 4 28 72 15 239 100 409
12 Hordaland 8 0 69 31 13 62
14 Sogn og Fjordane 20 0 100 13
15 Møre og Romsdal 25 1 30 70 12 72
16 Sør-Trøndelag 33 0 100 22
17 Nord-Trøndelag 45 2 93 7 18 280 100 30
18 Nordland 29 0 78 22 17 70
19 Troms 31 0 42 58 16 96
20 Finnmark 26 0 92 8 14 96
21 Svalbard 0 0
Total 457 10 74 26 21 147 28 72 88 409
52
DOMESTIC EXPORT
No. of producers Transport % Average transport in km Transport % Average transport in km
COUNTY/REGION
Total With export
Car
Train
Boat
Car
Train
Boat
Car
Train
Boat
Car
Train
Boat
01 Østfold 22 1 100 15 100 800
02 Akershus 20 0 100 19
03 Oslo 2 0 100 27
04 Hedmark 29 0 98 2 17 100
05 Oppland 41 0 100 18
06 Buskerud 36 0 98 2 26 233
07 Vestfold 19 3 100 13 74 100 800
08 Telemark 29 1 96 4 13 109 100 350
09 Aust-Agder 17 0 100 13 0
10 Vest-Agder 17 1 100 14
11 Rogaland 36 9 80 20 18 89 100 900 734
12 Hordaland 21 2 53 46 13 50 72 100 1060
14 Sogn og Fjordane 35 5 48 52 17 158 100 1045
15 Møre og Romsdal 45 1 60 40 13 146 100 500
16 Sør-Trøndelag 39 0 87 13 13 158
17 Nord-Trøndelag 48 0 98 1 2 15 50 972
18 Nordland 48 1 40 60 18 184 100 400
19 Troms 12 0 52 48 26 76
20 Finnmark 11 3 69 31 19 300 7 93 10 660
Total 527 27 84 16 17 150 135 100 20 832
TABLE 15: Transport of hard rock aggregate/county 2013
53
TABLE 16: Recirculated aggregate and gravel/county 2013 (for crushing and resale as building material)
TABLE 17: Land use and mapping costs according to the companies
P R O D U C T
COUNTY/REGION No. of producers recycling
Total sale metric tonnes
ASPHALT CONCRETE OTHER USES
Tonnes % Tonnes % Tonnes %
01 Østfold 3 11 955 11 840 99,0 115 1,0
02 Akershus 2 26 000 11 000 42,3 15 000 57,7
03 Oslo 2 109 108 104 108 95,4 5 000 4,6
04 Hedmark 3 3 448 3 000 87,0 250 7,3 198 5,7
05 Oppland 6 50 232 36 217 72,1 240 0,5 13 775 27,4
06 Buskerud 8 124 856 8 275 6,6 57 172 45,8 59 409 47,6
07 Vestfold 3 329 529 329 529 100,0
08 Telemark 6 31 596 15 630 49,5 300 0,9 15 666 49,6
09 Aust-Agder 4 11 940 11 840 99,2 100 0,8
10 Vest-Agder 5 38 409 32 902 85,7 5 507 14,3
11 Rogaland 8 128 769 82 413 64,0 25 000 19,4 21 356 16,6
12 Hordaland 5 33 720 17 080 50,7 640 1,9 16 000 47,4
14 Sogn og Fjordane 8 89 300 4 100 4,6 40 000 44,8 45 200 50,6
15 Møre og Romsdal 9 99 164 64 700 65,2 9 114 9,2 25 350 25,6
16 Sør-Trøndelag 13 313 651 89 377 28,5 12 700 4,0 211 574 67,5
17 Nord-Trøndelag 12 290 856 77 870 26,8 77 145 26,5 135 841 46,7
18 Nordland 8 47 001 8 100 17,2 20 851 44,4 18 050 38,4
19 Troms 4 13 746 2 750 20,0 500 3,6 10 496 76,4
20 Finnmark 2 1 510 10 0,7 1 500 99,3
Total 111 1 754 790 581 212 33,1 269 534 15,4 904 044 51,5
Area of quarries/mines and buildings in decares
Area of operating concessions in decares
Remaining reserves estimated by the companies
Exploration/mapping costs, companies in production
Mineral products Quarries/mines Sum(1000m2) Quarries/mines Sum(1000m2) Quarries/mines Sum(mill. tonn) Quarries/mines Sum(mill. kr.)
Sand/gravel 202 17 226 133 13 722 138 1 289 143 8
Hard-rock aggregate 284 31 437 218 24 830 233 3 442 218 27
Clay 3 503 3 838 3 6 3 -
Natural stone 66 7 164 46 17 811 43 888 49 6
Industrial minerals 17 9 343 14 18 293 19 894 20 12
Metallic ores 3 18 754 4 187 811 3 675 4 19
Energy minerals 6 3 722 5 5 061 4 302 6 20
Total 581 88 149 423 268 365 443 7 496 443 91
54
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