Mineral Resources II

By: Jhulia Mariz C. Sta. Maria

Can we live without minerals?

NO

• Major source of raw materials

• The food we eat comes from our mineral resources

• The vehicles that we use comes from our mineral resources

•the houses we live in comes from our mineral resources

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Everything we have and everything we use comes from

our mineral resources

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Miningis the process of extracting mineralsand other geological materials from theearth.

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3 Primary Methods of Mining

• Surface Mining• Underground Mining• Situ Mining

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The processof removing layerOf soil, subsoil,and strata to gainaccess to theminerals and ore.

Surface Mining

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Underground Mining

The process ofextracting mineralsand ores that areburied too farunderground

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Situ Mining

The processinitially involvesdrilling of holesinto the oredeposit.

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• Loss of plants• Destruction of

habitats for wildlife• Leads to extinction

of animals, plants and organisms

• Reducing overall biodiversity

Deforestation

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Pollution• Poisonous chemicals can

leak into nearby water supplies

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• The soil is removed exposing the soil to the weather, causing particulates to become airborne

Health Concern

• Miners can be poisoned by cyanide through inhalation, ingestion and skin contact.

• Poisoning from handling the material, or through contact with contaminated air, water or food, is a risk for miners and local residents.

How copper is extracted and processed

Mining Ore Grinding Concentrating

roastingsmeltingconversion

Anode casting Electro –refining

ORE is a rock that contains metalGRINDING the ore is crushed and grind to powder

CONCENTRATING unwanted materials are remove

ROASTING chemical reactions start. Remove some sulphur and dry the ore

SMELTING impurities are removed leaving copper and iron sulphide liquid

CONVERSION air is blown in liquid copper and iron sulphide forming blister copperANODE CASTING blister is cast into anodes for electro- refiningELECTRO-REFINING the copper is purified

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copper is extracted by underground mining

How Aluminum is Processed

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raw material bauxite

Pass through a bauxite grinder.

Alumina is extracted through refining.

Refining processAlumina is separated from the bauxite by using a hot solution

Pure aluminamixture is heated and filtered, and the remaining alumina is dried

Electricity is run between a negative and positive anode. The anode reacts with the oxygen in the alumina

The result is liquid aluminium

How Gold is Processed

The ore is crushed until it is in fine pieces

sodium cyanide is mixed with the finely ground rock

The gold bearing solution is separated from the remaining solid ore through filtration

Zinc is added. It replaces the gold in the gold-cyanide solution. The gold precipitated.

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How lead is processed

The ore is mined

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Ore is treated on a concentrating mill to remove the waste rock from the lead

flows to a filter, which removes up to 90% of the water.

Refined to remove impurities

When the lead has beensufficiently refined, it is cooledand cast into blocks

What is the concept of sustainable use of resources?

Sustainable use of resources is defined as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own

How can we use mineral resources in a sustainable manner?

• Use only what is required

• Plant trees, collect rain waters and harvesting

• Limiting waste material and energy

• Recycling

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References• http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/environment/minerals/mineral-resources-definition-

types-use-and-exploitation-with-statistics-and-diagram/28169/• http://www.mineralseducationcoalition.org/pdfs/study/studyoftheearth.pdf• http://www.metallixrefining.com/harmful-effects-of-mining-and-viable-alternatives/• http://www.brighthub.com/environment/science-environmental/articles/69758.aspx• http://inside.mines.edu/UserFiles/File/economicsBusiness/Tilton/

Sustainable_Mining_Paper.pdf• http://www.pollutionissues.com/Li-Na/Mining.html• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_situ_leach• http://www.ritchiewiki.com/wiki/index.php/underground_mining• http://resources.schoolscience.co.uk/CDA/14-16/cumining/copch2pg1.html• http://www.hydro.com/en/About-aluminium/How-its-made/• http://cnx.org/contents/173418f5-2c73-444d-98d7-399facc22a7a@1/The-lithosphere-

Mining-and-min• http://www.miningfacts.org/Environment/How-can-mining-become-more-environmentally-

sustainable/• http://www.madehow.com/Volume-2/Lead.html