MineralsMineralsThey occur naturally in the They occur naturally in the Earth.Earth.

They are inorganic meaning they have They are inorganic meaning they have never been living.never been living.

They have a definite chemical composition.They have a definite chemical composition.

Halite- NaClHalite- NaCl

They are always found as a solid.They are always found as a solid.

They are made of elements.They are made of elements.

The atoms of the mineral are arranged The atoms of the mineral are arranged in a definite pattern. This repeating in a definite pattern. This repeating pattern is called a crystal. pattern is called a crystal.

calcitecalcite

Mineral IdentificationMineral Identification

Color-Look at mineral and see what Color-Look at mineral and see what color it is.color it is.

Streak- rub it on an unglazed Streak- rub it on an unglazed porcelain tile.porcelain tile.

LusterLuster Luster- Look at the mineral under light and Luster- Look at the mineral under light and

see if it is glassy, pearly, dull. see if it is glassy, pearly, dull. MetallicMetallic (also (also known as known as splendentsplendent) )

SubmetallicSubmetallic VitreousVitreous (also known as (also known as glassyglassy) ) AdamantineAdamantine (also known as (also known as brilliant brilliant oror diamondlike diamondlike) ) ResinousResinous (also known as (also known as resinlikeresinlike) ) SilkySilky PearlyPearly (also known as (also known as mother-of-pearlmother-of-pearl) ) GreasyGreasy (also known as (also known as oilyoily) ) PitchyPitchy (also known as (also known as pitchlikepitchlike) ) WaxyWaxy (also known as (also known as waxlikewaxlike) ) DullDull (also known as (also known as earthyearthy) )

Some Surefire Signs You're a Some Surefire Signs You're a RockhoundRockhound

The sign on the side of the road says The sign on the side of the road says "Falling Rock" and you pull over to wait. "Falling Rock" and you pull over to wait.

Your Internet home page has pictures of Your Internet home page has pictures of your rocks. your rocks.

Hardness TestHardness TestWas developed by Fredrich Mohs. Called the Was developed by Fredrich Mohs. Called the

Mohs Scale of Hardness.Mohs Scale of Hardness.1.1. TalcTalc2.2. GypsumGypsum3.3. CalciteCalcite4.4. FluoriteFluorite5.5. ApatiteApatite6.6. FeldsparFeldspar7.7. QuartzQuartz8.8. TopazTopaz9.9. CorundumCorundum10.10. DiamondDiamond

Quartz

Fingernail 2.5

Penny 3.0

Nail 7.0

Crystal PatternsCrystal PatternsMinerals have Minerals have 6 Crystal patterns6 Crystal patterns or or

shapes.shapes.

Cubic- shape CCubic- shape C

TriclinicTriclinic

Orthorhombic- shape BOrthorhombic- shape B

Hexagonal- shape AHexagonal- shape A

MonoclinicMonoclinic

Octahedral- shape DOctahedral- shape D

Specific GravitySpecific Gravity

Mass/Volume=DensityMass/Volume=Density

Specific Gravity= Density of Specific Gravity= Density of Mineral/Density of WaterMineral/Density of Water

Density of Corundum- 10grams/5ml = Density of Corundum- 10grams/5ml = 2g/ml 2g/ml

Specific Gravity of Corundum- Specific Gravity of Corundum- 2g/ml/1g/ml= 22g/ml/1g/ml= 2

Three groups of mineralsThree groups of minerals

1.1. Silicates- The largest group. Made of Silicates- The largest group. Made of SiliconSilicon and and oxygenoxygen

2.2. Carbonates- Made of Carbonates- Made of CarbonCarbon and and oxygenoxygen

3.3. Oxides- Made of Oxides- Made of OxygenOxygen and and some othersome other element other than Silicon and Carbon.element other than Silicon and Carbon.

A mineral can break two different waysA mineral can break two different ways

1.1. Cleavage- breaking along a plane Cleavage- breaking along a plane surface.surface.

2.2. Fracture- breaking along a jagged edge.Fracture- breaking along a jagged edge.

The Hydrochloric Acid test for Calcite.The Hydrochloric Acid test for Calcite.

If the acid is placed on calcite if bubbles.If the acid is placed on calcite if bubbles.

Uses of MineralsUses of Minerals

HaliteHalite – (sodium chloride – salt) – Used in – (sodium chloride – salt) – Used in human and animal diet, food seasoning and human and animal diet, food seasoning and food preservation. To prepare sodium food preservation. To prepare sodium hydroxide, soda ash, caustic soda, hydroxide, soda ash, caustic soda, hydrochloric acid, chlorine, metallic sodium; hydrochloric acid, chlorine, metallic sodium; used in ceramic glazes; metallurgy, curing of used in ceramic glazes; metallurgy, curing of hides; mineral waters; hides; mineral waters; soap manufacturesoap manufacture; ; home water softeners; highway deicing; home water softeners; highway deicing; photography; in scientific equipment for photography; in scientific equipment for optical parts.optical parts.

GypsumGypsum – Processed and used as a – Processed and used as a prefabricated wallboardprefabricated wallboard or an industrial or an industrial or building plaster; used in cement or building plaster; used in cement manufacture; agriculture and other manufacture; agriculture and other uses.uses.

MicaMica – Mica commonly occurs as – Mica commonly occurs as flakes, scales or shreds. Sheet flakes, scales or shreds. Sheet muscovite (white) mica is used in muscovite (white) mica is used in electronic insulators; ground mica in electronic insulators; ground mica in paints, as joint cement, as a dusting paints, as joint cement, as a dusting agent, in well-drilling mud and agent, in well-drilling mud and lubricants; lubricants; and in plasticsand in plastics, roofing, , roofing, rubber and welding rods.rubber and welding rods.

Quartz – (silica) – As crystal, quartz is – As crystal, quartz is used as a semiprecious gemstone. used as a semiprecious gemstone. Crystalline varieties include amethyst, Crystalline varieties include amethyst, citrine, rose quartz, smoky quartz, etc. citrine, rose quartz, smoky quartz, etc. Because of its piezoelectric properties, Because of its piezoelectric properties, quartz is used for pressure gauges, quartz is used for pressure gauges, oscillators, resonators and wave oscillators, resonators and wave stabilizers. Also used in manufacturing stabilizers. Also used in manufacturing of of glass, paints, abrasivesglass, paints, abrasives, refractories , refractories and precision instruments.and precision instruments.

TalcTalc – (Soapstone) –The primary use for talc is – (Soapstone) –The primary use for talc is in the in the production of paperproduction of paper. Ground talc is . Ground talc is used as filler in ceramics, paint, paper, used as filler in ceramics, paint, paper, roofing, plastics, cosmetics, and in roofing, plastics, cosmetics, and in agriculture. You will find talc in many agriculture. You will find talc in many household products such as household products such as babybaby (talcum) (talcum) powderpowder, deodorant, and makeup. Very pure , deodorant, and makeup. Very pure talc is used in fine arts, and is called talc is used in fine arts, and is called soapstone. It is often used to carve figurines.soapstone. It is often used to carve figurines.

DiamondDiamond (Industrial) – (Kimberlite) – (Industrial) – (Kimberlite) – Machinery, mineral services, stone and Machinery, mineral services, stone and ceramic products, abrasives, ceramic products, abrasives, construction, construction, drillingdrilling, transportation , transportation equipment.equipment.

Magnetism -Magnetism -Magnetite is Magnetite is magneticmagnetic

Electricity-ChalcopyriteElectricity-Chalcopyrite Hydrochloric Acid makes calcite Hydrochloric Acid makes calcite

bubble, it does not react with bubble, it does not react with other minerals.other minerals.