Minister Minister Minister Minister and and and and

MandarinesMandarinesMandarinesMandarines

External Consultants in Public

Administration

Tom SchlanskyTom SchlanskyTom SchlanskyTom SchlanskyPublic Management

Spring 2013Prof. Dr. Eckhard Schröter

Introduction | Term: Mandarin

Introduction Introduction Introduction Introduction | Consultants | Focus: Think Tanks | Criticism | Conclusion | Discussion

Civil servants Civil servants Civil servants Civil servants in Imperial Chinain Imperial Chinain Imperial Chinain Imperial China

• Teachers, judges, bureaucrats

• Elitist training

Introduction | Goal of presentation

Introduction Introduction Introduction Introduction | Consultants | Focus: Think Tanks | Criticism | Conclusion | Discussion

Provide an overview about the field ofexternal public consultants

Deeper insight about think tanks

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2222

1. Introduction

2. Consultants

3. Focus: Think Tanks

4. Criticism

5. Conclusion

6. Discussion

Table of Contents

GOALS OF CONSULTINGGOALS OF CONSULTINGGOALS OF CONSULTINGGOALS OF CONSULTING

Information Legitimation

Introduction | ConsultantsConsultantsConsultantsConsultants | Focus: Think Tanks | Criticism | Conclusion | Discussion

Overview | Utility

Consulting in concrete policy questions

External reports and evaluations

Information delivery in law making

Introduction | ConsultantsConsultantsConsultantsConsultants | Focus: Think Tanks | Criticism | Conclusion | Discussion

Overview | Operations – Examples

Associations FoundationsPR- and PA-

agencies

Think tanksThink tanksThink tanksThink tanks Law firms

Others

• Chambers

• Churches

• Unions

• (Independent) Experts

Introduction | ConsultantsConsultantsConsultantsConsultants | Focus: Think Tanks | Criticism | Conclusion | Discussion

Overview | Providers of Public Consulting

Introduction | Consultants | Focus: Think Tanks Focus: Think Tanks Focus: Think Tanks Focus: Think Tanks | Criticism | Conclusion | Discussion

Definition „Think Tank“

Think Think Think Think TankTankTankTank

• practically oriented research institute

• giving decision-preparing results

• private or public funded

• usually non-profit

• independent

• trying to influence policy-making

Problem: Problem: Problem: Problem: Free term

Introduction | Consultants | Focus: Think Tanks Focus: Think Tanks Focus: Think Tanks Focus: Think Tanks | Criticism | Conclusion | Discussion

Situation in Germany | Facts

nonononoideologyideologyideologyideology

80808080----130* 130* 130* 130* think tanksthink tanksthink tanksthink tanks

50% 50% 50% 50% foundedfoundedfoundedfoundedin in in in thethethethe last 25 yearslast 25 yearslast 25 yearslast 25 years

MajorityMajorityMajorityMajoritystatestatestatestate----fundedfundedfundedfunded academicacademicacademicacademic think tanksthink tanksthink tanksthink tanks

Introduction | Consultants | Focus: Think Tanks Focus: Think Tanks Focus: Think Tanks Focus: Think Tanks | Criticism | Conclusion | Discussion

Situation in Germany | Examples

Economy research Economy research Economy research Economy research institutesinstitutesinstitutesinstitutes

• Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung

• IFO-Institut München

Foreign policy Foreign policy Foreign policy Foreign policy institutesinstitutesinstitutesinstitutes

• Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik

• Deutsches Überseeinstitut

SocialSocialSocialSocial---- and and and and technical instiutestechnical instiutestechnical instiutestechnical instiutes

• Max-Planck-Institut für Gesellschaftsforschung

• Fraunhofer-Institut für Systemtechnik und Innovationsforschung

Mixed Mixed Mixed Mixed organizationsorganizationsorganizationsorganizations

• Bertelsmann-Stiftung

• Forschungsinstitut der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik

Introduction | Consultants | Focus: Think Tanks Focus: Think Tanks Focus: Think Tanks Focus: Think Tanks | Criticism | Conclusion | Discussion

Situation in Germany | Zoom: SWP

CLASSIFICATION

academicacademicacademicacademic

FINANCING

statestatestatestate----fundedfundedfundedfunded

FOCUS

foreign and foreign and foreign and foreign and security policysecurity policysecurity policysecurity policy

STAFF

130 people130 people130 people130 people

customers

Introduction | Consultants | Focus: Think Tanks Focus: Think Tanks Focus: Think Tanks Focus: Think Tanks | Criticism | Conclusion | Discussion

Situation in Germany | Zoom: Bertelsmann Stiftung

CLASSIFICATION

advocaticadvocaticadvocaticadvocatic

FINANCING

privateprivateprivateprivate----fundedfundedfundedfunded

FOCUS

broadbroadbroadbroad

STAFF

300 300 300 300 peoplepeoplepeoplepeople

cooperation partners

Introduction | Consultants | Focus: Think Tanks | Criticism Criticism Criticism Criticism | Conclusion | Discussion

Criticism | Problems in Public Sector Consulting

TranslationTranslationTranslationTranslation AmountAmountAmountAmount PricingPricingPricingPricing

InfluenceInfluenceInfluenceInfluence TransparencyTransparencyTransparencyTransparency MeasurabilityMeasurabilityMeasurabilityMeasurability

Introduction | Consultants | Focus: Think Tanks | Criticism | Conclusion Conclusion Conclusion Conclusion | Discussion

Conclusion

Huge range of public consultants

Different interests and backgrounds

Increasing complexity creates growing demand

Rising criticism and demand for transparency

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4444

Introduction | Consultants | Focus: Think Tanks | Criticism | Conclusion | DiscussionDiscussionDiscussionDiscussion

Discussion | Questions

1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Should the influence of political consultants be limited?

2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Is there neutral political consulting?

3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | Should there be more advocating think tanks in Germany?

Minister Minister Minister Minister and and and and

MandarinesMandarinesMandarinesMandarines

External Consultants in Public

Administration

Tom SchlanskyTom SchlanskyTom SchlanskyTom SchlanskyPublic Management

Spring 2013Prof. Dr. Eckhard Schröter

AnswerAnswerAnswerAnswer ofofofof thethethethe Federal Federal Federal Federal GovernmentGovernmentGovernmentGovernment on on on on thethethethe „Kleine Anfrage“ „Kleine Anfrage“ „Kleine Anfrage“ „Kleine Anfrage“ ofofofof thethethethe partypartypartypartyDie LinkeDie LinkeDie LinkeDie Linke

http://dip21.bundestag.de/dip21/btd/16/039/1603968.pdf

Website :„The Website :„The Website :„The Website :„The Stiftung Wissenschaft und Stiftung Wissenschaft und Stiftung Wissenschaft und Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik“ Politik“ Politik“ Politik“ http://www.swp-berlin.org/en/about-swp.html

BPBBPBBPBBPB----articlearticlearticlearticle bybybyby Martin ThunertMartin ThunertMartin ThunertMartin Thunerthttp://www.bpb.de/apuz/27231/think-tanks-in-deutschland-berater-der-politik?p=all

Website: Website: Website: Website: TransparencyTransparencyTransparencyTransparency InternationalInternationalInternationalInternationalhttp://www.transparency.de/Transparenz-und-Unabhaengigkei.1133.0.html

Website: ThinkTankDirectoryWebsite: ThinkTankDirectoryWebsite: ThinkTankDirectoryWebsite: ThinkTankDirectoryhttp://www.thinktankdirectory.orghttp://www.thinktankdirectory.orghttp://www.thinktankdirectory.orghttp://www.thinktankdirectory.org

Additional informationAdditional informationAdditional informationAdditional information

Sources (excerpt)