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Ministry Of Agriculture, Government Of Botswana Ministry Of Agriculture, Government Of Botswana Ministry Of Agriculture, Government Of Botswana Ministry Of Agriculture, Government Of Botswana
MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENTMANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT OFOFOFOF INDIGENOUSINDIGENOUSINDIGENOUSINDIGENOUS VEGETATIONVEGETATIONVEGETATIONVEGETATION FORFORFORFOR THETHETHETHE REHABILITATIONREHABILITATIONREHABILITATIONREHABILITATION OFOFOFOF DEGRADEDDEGRADEDDEGRADEDDEGRADED RANGELANDSRANGELANDSRANGELANDSRANGELANDS ININININ THETHETHETHE ARIDARIDARIDARID
ZONEZONEZONEZONE OFOFOFOF AFRICAAFRICAAFRICAAFRICA ((((BOT98G32/A/1G/99BOT98G32/A/1G/99BOT98G32/A/1G/99BOT98G32/A/1G/99))))
Botswana Annual Report 2004
DATE: 2nd February 2005
Indigenous Vegetation Project, P/Bag 003, Gaborone, Botswana Telephone +267 3950769 Fax: +267 3907570 Email:
Management of Indigenous Vegetation for the Rehabilitation of Degraded Rangelands in the Arid Zone of Africa
Annual report 2004
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This quarterly report of the Botswana component of the Indigenous Vegetation
Project has been prepared by the National Project Unit and approved by the
National Steering Committee.
Signed:
Mr Raymond Kwerepe: _________________________________
National Project Coordinator, Ministry of Agriculture
Date: _________________________________
Dr Michael Taylor: _____________________________________
National Project Leader
Date: _________________________________
Management of Indigenous Vegetation for the Rehabilitation of Degraded Rangelands in the Arid Zone of Africa
Annual report 2004
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Project Number and Title:
BOT98G32/A/1G/99 Management of Indigenous Vegetation for the
Rehabilitation of Degraded Rangelands in the Arid Zone of Africa
National Executing Agency:
Department of Crop Production and Forestry, Ministry of Agriculture
Project start Date:
1st July 2002
Project Completion Date:
30th June 2007
Total Budget:
UNDP GEF: US$2,286,591
Government of Botswana (in kind): US$1,100,000
Period covered by report:
January to December 2004
Description:
The Indigenous Vegetation Project is a five-year project, ending in 2007. It is
funded by the Global Environment Facility and the Botswana Government, and
implemented through the Ministry of Agriculture. It is a pilot project aimed at
developing models for community-driven management and rehabilitation of
degraded rangelands, for replication throughout the arid and semi-arid zones of
Africa
Contact details:
Postal address: Indigenous Vegetation Project
Ministry of Agriculture
P/Bag 003
Gaborone
Botswana
Phone: +267 3950769
Fax: +267 3907570
Email: [email protected]
Management of Indigenous Vegetation for the Rehabilitation of Degraded Rangelands in the Arid Zone of Africa
Annual report 2004
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Contents
(i) List of abbreviations________________________________________________________ 5
(ii) Project background ________________________________________________________ 6
(iii) Report summary ___________________________________________________________ 7
1. PROJECT PROGRESS ______________________________________________________ 9 1.1 Planned Activities for the reporting period _____________________________ 9 1.2 Executed activities during reporting period ____________________________ 9 1.3 Outputs and achievements _______________________________________ 21 1.4 Commentary on causes and effects of positive and negative variances from work plan __________________________________________________________ 23 1.5 Main findings and lessons learned during reporting period _______________ 23 1.6 General commentary on progress to date, effectiveness of implementation, and ability to meet the project’s objectives ____________________________________ 25
2. WORKPLAN FOR COMING REPORTING PERIOD ____________________________ 27 2.1 Proposed activities for coming reporting period________________________ 27 2.2 Anticipated risks and challenges ___________________________________ 28 2.3 Expected inputs and contributions from RCU, University of Oslo, UNDP, UNEP and/or other project partners ___________________________________________ 29
3. USE OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES __________________________________________ 30 3.1 Budget for January – December 2004 _______________________________ 30 3.2 Summary Expenditure for From January to December 2004______________ 31 3.3 Estimation of contribution in kind by Government of Botswana____________ 33 3.4 Commentary on deviations from budget _____________________________ 34 3.5 Budget for next reporting period____________________________________ 34
4. PROJECT ENVIRONMENT _________________________________________________ 36 4.1 Political, legislative, and institutional developments with potential consequences for project implementation and its potential impact __________________________ 36 4.2 Opinion or viewpoints on the continued relevance of the project’s planning parameters and suggestions for possible adjustments and modifications_________ 36 4.3 Concluding remarks _____________________________________________ 37
APPENDICES__________________________________________________________________ 38
Appendix One: List of Publications produced in 2004 ____________________________ 39
Appendix Two: Minutes of Steering Committee meeting Four of 2004 _____________ 40
Appendix Three: 2005 Action Plan ______________________________________________ 47
Management of Indigenous Vegetation for the Rehabilitation of Degraded Rangelands in the Arid Zone of Africa
Annual report 2004
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(i) List of abbreviations
CAP Community Action Plan CSU Community Support Unit CSUM Community Support Unit Manager DAHP Department of Animal Health and Production DAO District Agricultural Office DAPS Department of Agriculture Planning and Statistics DCPF Department of Crop Production and Forestry DLUPU District land Use Planning Unit GCB Government Computer Bureau IMTC Inter-Ministerial Technical Committee (of the Fencing component) IVP Indigenous Vegetation Project MFDP Ministry of Finance and Development Planning MOA Ministry of Agriculture NPL National Project Leader NPL National Project Unit RCU Regional Coordination Unit REO Range Ecology Officer TOR Terms of Reference UB University of Botswana UNDP United Nations Development Programme
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Annual report 2004
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(ii) Project background
This project is a demonstration programme for biodiversity conservation and
dryland ecosystem restoration in the arid and semi-arid zones of Africa. The
project will combine community-based indigenous knowledge, the findings of
scientific research and practical experiences to rehabilitate degraded
ecosystems and conserve biodiversity by developing sustainable natural
resource management systems. A major goal of the project is to facilitate an
exchange of knowledge and experience between three comparable but
different situations (Botswana, Kenya and Mali) and to develop models for arid
zone natural resource management, which can be transferred elsewhere on the
continent. The approach used by the project is based on (i) strengthening
appropriate indigenous management systems; (ii) developing integrated bio-
socio-economic data systems; (iii) conserving indigenous vegetation and
rehabilitating degraded land; (iv) improving the effectiveness of livestock
production and marketing, and promoting greater diversification of livelihoods;
(v) technology transfer and capacity building among stakeholders, and (vi)
targeted comparative research within a regional context. Implementation of the
project is based on a firm partnership with African arid-zone pastoralists and on
close technical co-operation between the three participating countries and the
University of Oslo, as the institution responsible for the project’s research and
training component.
The project aims to promote self-reliant development; collaborating
communities are expected to become active participants in attempts to improve
livelihoods and to halt environmental degradation. As such, they play significant
roles in project planning, implementation and monitoring. The project also
aspires to create an enabling environment in which institutional and policy
decisions will be applied in support of sustainable management of natural
resources by the communities whose livelihoods depend on them.
The Indigenous Vegetation Project is an expression of the resolve of the three
participating countries to fulfill their obligations under the Convention on
Biological Diversity, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change and the Convention to Combat Desertification, to which they are all
signatories.
IVP operates in seven demonstration sites in the arid zone of Africa, two of which are in Mali, two in Kenya, and three in Botswana. In Botswana, the pilot sites are Kgalagadi south (including five villages), Kweneng north (including six villages) and Boteti (including three villages).
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Annual report 2004
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(iii) Report summary
This quarterly report spans the period from January to December 2004, which
is the second year of operation of the Indigenous Project (IVP) on the ground in
the project sites.
The key achievements for the reporting period relate primarily to the
finalisation of Community Action Plan (CAP) workshops and reports for each
village, and the subsequent commencement of projects proposed in the CAPs.
In addition, some highlights of 2004 have been: an educational trip to Namibia
with stakeholders; a stakeholder seminar examining best approaches to
communal rangeland management; a consultancy report recommending
appropriate legal and institutional arrangements; the production of draft
participatory rangeland monitoring manuals; indicator retrofitting for the project
log frame; the development – for the first time – of site level action plans; and
the sending of four MSc candidates to Noragric University for training.
Progress for 2004 was generally satisfactory, with the significant exception
being the slower than expected in the implementation of CAP projects. Delays
were caused in part by the lengthy processes required for the purchase of
appropriate materials from suppliers. Nonetheless, this has not stopped some
communities from organising themselves and beginning to implement some
projects of their own accord, particularly drift fences in Boteti and Kweneng.
The other exception has been the project’s difficulty in commencing planned
research-related activities due to late delivery of expected outputs from the
University of Oslo.
Lessons learnt during the reporting period include: the importance of directing
the approach of IVP according to community priorities; the importance of not
underestimating the capacity of community members to volunteer for projects
that they themselves have identified and prioritised; the importance of wide
stakeholder involvement; the need to meet as far as possible expectations
within participating communities that the project has created; and the need for
timely delivery of CAP project materials so as not to discourage community
members, especially those that have voluntarily begun CAP projects on their
own accord. It should also be kept in mind that the value of CAP projects in
themselves is limited unless they lead to an integrated management system of
natural resources by communities. They should not therefore unduly drain
project time and financial resources to the detriment of the wider goal of
developing management systems.
In addition, much has been learnt in 2004 by the project team and stakeholders
Management of Indigenous Vegetation for the Rehabilitation of Degraded Rangelands in the Arid Zone of Africa
Annual report 2004
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about approaches to communal rangeland resource management. The full
lessons learnt and recommendations for IVP will be available in separate
reports (see list of publications for 2004 in Appendix One)
The workplan for the coming quarter emphasises above all the development of
management plans for communal rangeland resources.
Anticipated challenges include: delays in the provision of CAP materials; lack
of timely production of outputs by the University of Oslo; conflicting community
interests; shortage of water supplies; and lack of participation by a full cross-
section of the community.
Expected inputs from project implementing partners include the
operationalisation of the research and training component by the University of
Oslo, greater facilitation of the sharing of information and experiences between
the three participating countries
The financial expenditure for 2004 amounted to US$426,530.85. This was
below the budget of US$669,685. The shortfall was largely due to the fact that
many of the CAP materials that were ordered in 2004 will not be paid for until
2005.
In conclusion, 2004 has seen some significant progress in project
implementation. Nonetheless, the most significant delay to project progress in
2004 has been in the procurement and delivery of materials for the CAP
projects. It is essential for IVP to ensure the successful implementation of at
least one project in each community in 2005, without letting these initiatives
detract from the primary focus in 2005 of resource management planning.
Forthcoming support has been received from the National Executing Agency for
IVP, the Department of Crop Production and Forestry in the Ministry of
Agriculture. Nonetheless, in order to adequately meet the commitment of
contribution in kind to the value of US$1,100,000 – and also considering the
impending handover of the project – it will be necessary to scale up the level of
contribution in kind significantly. Heightened support will also be necessary to
adequately fulfil the demanding programme of the 2005 workplan.
Management of Indigenous Vegetation for the Rehabilitation of Degraded Rangelands in the Arid Zone of Africa
Annual report 2004
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1. PROJECT PROGRESS
1.1 Planned Activities for the reporting period See section 1.2 below
1.2 Executed activities during reporting period
The matrix below summarises all planned and executed activities for the third
quarter of 2004, including those activities carried over from the second quarter
2004 that were not completed. It also explains variances between planned and
executed activities where these exist.
Activity Output indicator
Executed Activities Comment on variances
COMPONENT ONE: ESTABLISHMENT OF APPROPRIATE INDIGENOUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABLE USE OF BIODIVERSITY AND NATURAL RESOURCES
1.1.2 Preparation of master plans for the rehabilitation of rangelands and sustainable development in the project pilot zones.
Compilation of summary report of Community Action Plan (CAP) workshops
Report Output achieved. No constraints encountered
Production of draft reports according to agreed framework
Draft CAP report for 14 villages
Output achieved. Draft reports completed for all 14 villages
No constraints encountered
Meeting for appraisal of CAP reports
CAP reports appraised
Output achieved. CAP reports appraised by project staff and key stakeholders at Annual review and planning meeting
No constraints encountered
Meetings with Interim Community Resource Management Committees to develop CAP matrix
CAP matrix and SWOT analysis for 14 villages developed
Output achieved. Meetings attended by representatives of key local institutions held: for Boteti in Mopipi on 19th-20th February (41 participants); for Kweneng in Sojwe on 25th February (48 participants); for Kgalagadi in Vaalhoek on 24th-25th February (36 participants)
No constraints encountered
Presentation of complete CAPs to communities for feedback
Community input received
Output achieved. All communities given opportunities for feedback
No constraints encountered, except that feedback sessions were initially delayed because of good rains
Management of Indigenous Vegetation for the Rehabilitation of Degraded Rangelands in the Arid Zone of Africa
Annual report 2004
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Activity Output indicator
Executed Activities Comment on variances
Presentation of CAP outcomes to RAO, DDP, DLUPU, Consultative Forum of Boteti
All key district stakeholders briefed
Output achieved Initial delays due to scheduling of stakeholder meetings
Presentation of CAP outcomes to RAO, DDP, DLUPU, Consultative Forum of Kweneng
All key district stakeholders briefed
Output achieved Initial delays due to scheduling of stakeholder meetings
Presentation of CAP outcomes to RAO, DDP, DLUPU, Consultative Forum of Kgalagadi
All key district stakeholders briefed
Output achieved Initial delays due to scheduling of stakeholder meetings
Finalisation of CAP reports
Complete CAP for each of 14 villages
Output achieved. 17 CAP reports have been produced, one report for each village workshop and one report for each site’s project proposals
No constraints encountered
Evaluation of CAP workshops at community level
Evaluation report
Output not achieved. TORs for evaluation provided to DAPS, who initially agreed to undertake evaluation
DAPS overstretched, and unable to specify when evaluation will be undertaken
Documentation of CAP development process into complete users manual for wider use (first draft)
Draft manual Output not achieved. Manual will be prepared after CAP evaluation is completed
Documentation of CAP development process into complete users manual (final)
Final manual Output not achieved. Manual will be prepared after CAP evaluation is completed
Integration of national manual into a regional manual combining experiences of Kenya and Mali
Management plan outline
Output not achieved. Manual will be prepared after CAP evaluation is completed
Development of outline for management plans for project sites
Management plan outline
Output achieved. Presentations made by C. Motshubi and M. Taylor at team meetings
No constraints encountered
1.1.3 Development of partnership conventions between the communities, the project and the Government
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Activity Output indicator
Executed Activities Comment on variances
Contract consultant to recommend appropriate institutional and legal arrangements for community managements of rangelands
Contract Output achieved. Contract signed March 2004
No constraints encountered
Consultant to write report recommending appropriate institutional and legal arrangements for community managements of rangelands
Consultant’s report
Output achieved. Final report submitted end of July. Task force of 4 officers formed to outline issues for consideration by stakeholders
No constraints encountered
One day workshop with key stakeholders to discuss recommendations of consultancy
Workshop report
Output not achieved. Workshop scheduled for early 2005
Workshop awaiting outputs of task force
Act on any recommendations of consultancy that require action before end of 2004
Recommendations acted upon
Not necessary. Recommendations will be built into 2005 and subsequent action plans
No constraints encountered
1.2.1 Identify, document, systematise and strengthen indigenous conservation methods
Test draft participatory rangeland monitoring manuals in Boteti and Kgalagadi sites
Recommendations as to whether to adopt manuals, and if so, on necessary improvements
Output partly achieved. Manuals currently under review by officers involved in their preparation and feedback will be provided to University of Leeds before they are field tested
Activity took longer than planned, as collaborator from University of Leeds submitted the draft manuals one month late, and it was decided to peer review the manuals before field testing them
Produce TORs for documentation of Indigenous Conservation Methods in project sites, so as to provide a basis for management systems under IVP
TORs agreed upon
Output not achieved Awaiting setting up of Research committee for IVP and research framework by University of Oslo
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Annual report 2004
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Activity Output indicator
Executed Activities Comment on variances
Undertake study to document indigenous conservation methods and management systems in project sites
Report As above As above
COMPONENT 2: ESTABLISHMENT OF ARID ZONE BIODATABASE AND GIS
2.1.3 Compilation of baseline data with the participation of local communities
Compilation of comprehensive and up to date livestock data for all project sites
Comprehensive livestock data set for 3 project sites
Output partly achieved. Data obtained for Kgalagadi and Boteti. Awaiting data for Kweneng
Activity delayed because of difficulty of obtaining current data in Kweneng
Reach agreement for collaboration in the production of a biodiversity inventory for each site (methodology to be regionally coordinated)
Agreement on collaboration for biodiversity inventory
Output partly achieved. Preliminary discussions have been held with the National Herbarium, who have indicated their willingness to help facilitate.
Final agreement cannot be reached on biodiversity inventory until the modalities are finalized by University of Oslo, as there is a need for standardization between the three countries
Develop proposal for socio-economic indicators for ongoing project monitoring, in collaboration with RCU
Clear guidelines on socio-economic data required for ongoing project monitoring
Output achieved. Retrofitting workshop held 3-4 November with stakeholders identified indicators for monitoring project progress
No constraints encountered
Collection of socio-economic data for project monitoring
Socio-economic data for monitoring
Output partly achieved. Most socio-economic data needed is available from census data compiled for IVP sites (IVPBOT04/022)
Indicators have to be finalized before it is certain what additional data is required.
2.2.1 Aerial photographic surveys, soils and vegetation cover mapping of all sites for regional analysis
Gather all existing data and mapping for project sites, including soils, vegetation, water, settlement, fences, etc
Collection of all existing soils and vegetation cover mapping for project sites
Output achieved. Existing data collected includes geological survey for Boteti, water survey for Boteti, selected satellite imagery for Boteti and Kgalagadi, and maps from the fencing component studies
No constraints encountered
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Activity Output indicator
Executed Activities Comment on variances
Train 10 project and MOA staff in GIS and purchase of necessary software
Staff trained Output not achieved. Activity not necessary.
Cost of GIS software (Arcview) is beyond budget of IVP, so IVP will instead rely on collaborations of officers such as DOLs who already have such software and expertise to use it
COMPONENT 3: REHABILITATION OF INDIGENOUS VEGETATION
3.1.1 Assisting spontaneous regeneration and tree planting using indigenous species on a community basis
Identification of two plots in each village (one fenced and one not) to monitor natural regeneration and in which to undertake trials
28 demonstration plots identified in 14 villages
Output achieved. All plots identified.
However, decision made after site visits of Prof Oba not to use control plots, but to use transects, so plots will no longer be use
Gaining of necessary permissions for control plots
Land Board approval for fencing of demonstration plots
Output partly achieved. Two 50mx50m plots have been allocated in Boteti. The third is awaiting allocation. Four plots have been identified but not yet allocated in Kweneng. Two plots have been allocated in Kgalagadi
No longer relevant (see above)
Fencing of one control plot in each village
14 fenced control plots
Output not achieved. No longer relevant (see above)
Leologane: Fencing of Thotayamarula for biodiversity conservation
Improved management of Thotayamarula
Output not achieved Leologane residents requested all IVP activities to be postponed to 2005 so as to allow residents time to settle in new village
Rappelspan: sand dune stabilisation
Extended sand dune stabilisation site
Output partly achieved. About 75% of the fence has been completed
Community awaiting materials to complete fence
Vaalhoek: sand dune stabilisation
Expanded sand dune stabilisation site
Output partly achieved. Land Board allocated 200m x 100m
Awaiting materials to commence project
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Annual report 2004
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Activity Output indicator
Executed Activities Comment on variances
Two day field training for project staff and selected CRMT members in methods for monitoring vegetation in plots
Staff trained Output not achieved. Options for monitoring methods discussed with RC at second Q2 workshop, but no final arrangements made for training
Monitoring methods need input of University of Oslo for finalisation
3.1.2 Establishing nurseries
Literature review to document experiences of nurseries in Botswana and recommend appropriate approach for IVP
Review Output partly achieved. Forestry diploma student has commenced study in Kweneng
Awaiting report
Set up nursery production in villages that requested assistance through CAPs (Boatlaname, Shadishadi, Boatlaname, Khawa, Struizendam)
Provisions for seedling production in place
Output not achieved. Nursery production has not yet begun
Community members engaged in preparing for other CAP projects
3.1.5 Rehabilitate soil and vegetation reseeding
Development of participatory trials in each site for methods in promoting soil rehabilitation and vegetation reseeding (if collaborative partner can be found)
At least one trial operational in each site
Output not achieved. Department of Applied Research has suggested beginning trials in Kweneng, but IVP awaiting their participation.
This activity is being undertaken with a partner at the Department of Applied Research, and IVP is awaiting their readiness to commence trials
COMPONENT 4: IMPROVEMENT OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND MARKETING, AND PROVISION OF ALTERNATIVE LIVELIHOODS
4.1.1 Developing economic opportunities in marketing livestock
Literature review identifying opportunities in livestock marketing in the project sites, in coordination with regional consultancy on livestock marketing
Report identifying opportunities in livestock marketing in 3 project sites
Output partly achieved. TORs for study given to officer from Livestock Marketing Unit of DAHP, who have agreed to make officer available to work alongside regional consultant
Regional consultancy on this topic delayed until January 2004, report expected in February 2004.
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Activity Output indicator
Executed Activities Comment on variances
Facilitate negotiations with livestock buyers for producers in Kgalagadi project site
Improved access to markets for Kgalagadi producers
Output not achieved Few farmers have come forward to express interest
Mopipi/Mokoboxane/ Kedia: Fodder production
At least ten farmers planting fodder
Output not achieved Appropriate methods still under discussion with CSUM Boteti, Agricultural Demonstrator and farmers
4.3.1 Establishment of marketing outlets for range product based industries (plants, hides, honey, etc), including CAP projects
Commission study on ecotourism opportunities in project sites
Feasibility studies covering proposed projects for 14 villages
Output not achieved. TORs produced and under discussion with Department of Tourism as IVP seeks to find a partner for cost-sharing
Awaiting a partner for cost sharing
Seek funding for at least one ecotourism-related project in each project site, based on recommendations of above report
Funding available
Output not achieved. Awaiting output of study above
Mopipi/Mokoboxane: drift fence for arable fields
One drift fence operational
Output partly achieved. Community members have organised themselves into work teams of up to 35 members that have been clearing the fence line for Machana fields (c. 15km)
Delays in commencement of building fence line caused by late delivery of materials
Mopipi: irrigated horticulture plot
Horticulture plot in production
Output not achieved, although manager of Orapa mine has indicated willingness to provide expert technical advice once project is ready to commence
Awaiting borehole developing and testing before any progress can be made
Mokoboxane/Kedia: agroforestry
Horticulture plot in production
Output not achieved As above - awaiting borehole developing and testing before any progress can be made. Lack of water remains a constraining factor in Kedia
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Annual report 2004
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Activity Output indicator
Executed Activities Comment on variances
Kedia: tannery Tannery operational
Output partly achieved. Task force formed by District Council to investigate status of assets belonging to project.
Delays caused by confusion about ownership of existing tannery assets
Khawa: water reticulation
Water available in village for other projects
Output partly achieved. Water Conservation Unit is assisting with the instalment of rainwater harvesting infrastructure at community hall. Community also discussing feasibility of converting waterhole in centre of village into a covered dam
No variance
Bokspits: Wool production and weaving
weaving production started
Output not achieved Interest from community members limited
Struizendam: horticulture
Horticulture plot in production
Output partly achieved. Draft management plan developed, and material ordered. Leasing of the Borehole to the community had been approved in principle by Council management pending approval by appropriate committee.
Delays in commencement of erection of infrastructure caused by late delivery of materials
Lephepe: agroforestry Agroforestry plot operational
Output partly achieved. Youth group mobilised and have begun planting vegetables and trees in existing plot. Training provided by Sanitas on 11
th
October
Awaiting delivery of materials so as to erect a nethouse
Lephepe: beekeeping and guineafowl rearing
At least 10 farmers keeping bees, and at least 10 keeping guinea fowl
Output not achieved. Veld Products Research and Development has expressed interest in helping to facilitate guinea fowl rearing
Awaiting meeting with potential partners
Lephepe/Boatlaname/Sojwe: drift fence
One drift fence operational
Output partly achieved. Volunteers have begun clearing some of the fence lines and putting droppers. Other materials needed have been ordered
Construction will commence once materials are delivered
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Activity Output indicator
Executed Activities Comment on variances
Boatlaname: agroforestry
Agroforestry plot operational
Output partly achieved. Discussions held with community members and advice sought from Water Conservation Unit on appropriate water supply
Community members suggested new proposal to use water from borehole for livestock and agroforestry contrary to CAP output. Await decision from community
Sojwe: agroforestry Agroforestry plot operational
Output partly achieved. Submitted application for water rights to Department of Water Affairs Applied for land (Awaiting land lease from Land Board)
Awaiting response from DWA and signing of land lease with Landboard
Leologane: water harvesting
Water harvesting operational
Output not necessary. May no longer be prioritized by community
Community actively involved in relocating from Makabanyane and Thotayamarula as well as settling at new village of Leologane. As Leologane may have a reliable water supply, This project may be shelved
Shadishadi: tannery Tannery operational
Output not achieved. Only two people have shown interest in engaging in the project so far. More consultations and a feasibility study needed.
Prepare proposal for productive homestead pilot implementation in one project site
Proposal prepared and approved by steering committee
Output achieved. Proposal produced to link Productive Homestead pilot with relevant CAP projects prepared, and agreed upon at June quarterly meeting of IVP
No constraints encountered
Seek funding for productive homestead pilot implementation
Funding secured for productive homestead pilot implementation
Output not necessary. As proposal has been integrated into existing CAP projects, it is not necessary to source additional funding
No constraints encountered
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Activity Output indicator
Executed Activities Comment on variances
Implement pilot productive homestead project in one project site (provisional on funding being sourced)
Project operational
Output achieved. Lephepe youth group received training in bow bench horticultural production in November 2004.
No constraints encountered
4.3.2 Establish self-help revolving funds in the communities
Produce report recommending appropriate framework for self-help revolving funds
Framework for self-help revolving funds
Output partly achieved. Guidelines produced by RCU, and commented upon by project team.
Consulting with relevant stakeholders, eg Bank of Botswana, Kuru Development Trust time consuming.
Set up mechanisms for self-help revolving fund in each site, according to recommendations of report above
Mechanisms in place for operation of revolving funds
Output not achieved Awaiting report above
COMPONENT 5: TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER, TRAINING AND REGIONAL COMPARATIVE LEARNING
5.1.1 Documentation workshops and seminars at the regional level.
Workshop for project implementation team to investigate approaches to communal rangeland management
Officers have informed opinions on best approach for IVP
Output achieved. Seminar held on 20
th – 22
nd
November, attended by project team and about 70 stakeholders. Report under production
No constraints encountered
Educational visit for Project Implementation Team to community-based rangeland management projects in Africa
10 officers participate in visit and document lessons learnt
Output achieved. Delegation of 22 stakeholders visited two community rangeland management projects in Namibia, hosted by Desert Research Foundation of Namibia.
No constraints encountered
Production of a report on lessons learnt from educational visit
Report Output partly achieved. Report under production
Late submission of specific reports by some participants has delayed production of final report
5.2.4 Workshops and training seminars for community stakeholders
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Activity Output indicator
Executed Activities Comment on variances
Skills training for selected community members in relevant aspects of resource management
At least 100 community members trained
Output partly achieved. Six community members attended Rangeland Management Workshop. 22 members of Lephepe Youth Group trained in horticultural production
Demand for training still limited as projects have not developed to the point that skills training needs have become apparent
Exchange trips for community members to learn from other local successful projects related to CAPS
At least 10 community members from each site participate
Output partly achieved. Five community members participated in trip to communities in Namibia.
Awaiting setting up of community projects
Awareness and information workshops for communities on topics relevant to ongoing project implementation
At least 6 workshops held among the 3 project sites
Output not achieved. Demand for training still limited as projects have not developed to the point that skills training needs have become apparent
5.3.1 Environmental education through school programs and competition
Breakfast presentation on IVP to Parliamentary Select Committee on Environment and Agriculture
Presentation attended by at least 10 MPs and senior policy makers
Output not achieved. Activity postponed
Decision made to postpone presentation to after elections, early 2005
Production of a poster series to promote awareness on issues raised by IVP
Poster series printed and distributed
Output not achieved. Poster series may fit better into resource management planning process in 2005
Identify and locate absentee borehole owners in Kweneng project site
list of absentee borehole owners with contact details
Output partly achieved. Arrangements being made to brief Kweneng north Borehole owners association at monthly meeting in Sojwe (Chairman already briefed)
This is a new association, so meeting with them was not possible until now
Provide information on IVP to Kweneng borehole owners
Meeting attended by at least 20 borehole owners
Output not achieved. See above
As above
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Activity Output indicator
Executed Activities Comment on variances
Preparation for a national conference (in 2005) on approaches to communal rangeland management
Organising committee in place an operational
Output achieved. Seminar on communal rangeland management undertaken 20-22 September
Immediate need for a seminar rather than a future conference, therefore activity fulfilled under 5.1.1 above
5.3.2 Mass-media campaign
At least three articles in national media on IVP
Number of articles on IVP
Output achieved. Articles appeared in national press relating to IVP’s rangeland management seminar
No variance
Production of at least two documentaries on IVP for broadcast on Botswana Television
Number of documentaries on IVP
Output partly achieved. IVP appeared on BTV news 22
nd
September regarding rangeland management seminar
Suitable opportunities for production of documentary not yet arisen
Creation of IVP Botswana website
Informative website
Output partly achieved. Structure of site agreed upon, and some of the text prepared. Development to be assisted by Government Computer Bureau and a volunteer.
Activity initially delayed while awaiting input on standard structure from colleagues in Mali and Kenya
COMPONENT 6: TARGETED RESEARCH AND REGIONAL TRAINING
6.1.1 Research in indigenous land management systems
Commencement of at least one research project on indigenous land management systems, as per NPU research priorities
Research project underway
Output not achieved. Awaiting guidance from University of Oslo, which is coordinating research aspects of IVP.
6.1.2 research in problems of range rehabilitation
Commencement of at least one research project on problems of range rehabilitation, as per NPU research priorities
Research project underway
Output not achieved Awaiting guidance from University of Oslo, which is coordinating research aspects of IVP.
MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION
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Activity Output indicator
Executed Activities Comment on variances
IVP quarterly meetings Number of quarterly meetings with approved minutes
Quarterly review and planning meetings hosted by Kweneng 16
th – 18
th June
and Kgalagadi 13th – 14
th
September
No constraints encountered
IVP Annual meetings
Number of annual meetings with approved minutes
2003 annual meeting held 1st – 5
th March 2004. and
2004 annual meeting held 6th – 10
th December 2004.
No constraints encountered
Prepare recommendations on handover of financial administration of IVP to Government of Botswana
Report containing recommendations for handover
Output achieved. Report completed with recommendations that procurement of goods and services for IVP be transferred from UNDP to GOB. Recommendations accepted, with handover due in 2005.
No constraints encountered
2-day workshop to refine PSD logical framework matrix, including retrofitting output indicators and development of site log frames
Revised master log frames at a national and site level
Output achieved. Workshop held with about 25 stakeholders on 3
rd – 4
th
November.
No constraints encountered
1.3 Outputs and achievements
In summary, the key achievements for 2004 have been:
1. Finalisation of Community Action Plan (CAP) workshops and reports for
each of fourteen participating villages, and proposals for projects arising
out of these Plans. This is the largest-scale facilitation of Community
Action Plans by any government department, and is in line with the
principles of the Community Based Strategy.
2. Implementation of some of the CAP projects, with volunteer labour
mobilized and active in some instances even before delivery of
materials. Progress on CAP project implementation includes:
• Fencing of Rappelspan sand dune stabilization plot
• Commencement of fencing of Vaalhoek sand dune stabilization
plot
• Fencing ongoing of Machana arable block in Boteti, and
development of management plan and constitution
• Ongoing negotiations with District Council to enable the
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development of the Kedia tannery
• Preparation of constitution and management plan for
Struizendam horticulture plot
• Rainwater harvesting from community hall in Khawa
• Fencing ongoing of Kweneng drift fences
• Lephepe agroforestry plot in production and members trained in
using the ‘bow bench’ techniques for horticultural production
3. Consultancy report received analyzing and making recommendations
on the institutional and legal factors governing the community-based
management of rangeland resources
4. Production of first draft and peer review of participatory rangeland
monitoring manuals for farmers developed in collaboration with the
University of Leeds
5. Indicators for project log frame reformulated in consultation with
stakeholders and community members, and in collaboration with RCU
6. Seminar held with 70 stakeholders to investigate approaches to
communal rangeland management
7. Educational visit to community-based projects in rangeland
management in Namibia undertaken
8. Construction started of IVP Botswana website
9. Development of site-level annual workplans for 2005
10. Four MSc students from Botswana have taken up scholarships under
IVP in MSc courses related to Natural Resource Management at
Noragric University
11. Project staff and key officers from Ministry of Agriculture trained in
MSProject, software that will be used for planning and reporting in IVP
from 2005 onwards.
12. Agreement concluded and arrangements made with PhD student from
University of Sheffield, Susannah Sallu, to undertake her doctoral
research, entitled Biodiversity dynamics, knowledges and livelihoods in
Kalahari dryland biomes, through IVP
13. Proposal prepared by IVP on behalf of Ministry of Agriculture for
integration of Community Based management of rangeland resources
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into the draft Community-Based natural Resource Management policy,
at the invitation of Department of Wildlife and National Parks
14. IVP invited to join Inter-Ministerial Technical committee considering
feasibility of fencing communal rangelands for ranching, and advise on
possible procedures for communal management systems
15. Production of 24 project publications (listed in Appendix One)
16. Meetings and correspondences with various stakeholders to discuss
cost-sharing in the implementation of CAP projects, including:
• Boteti sub-District Council
• RADP
• NCSA
• Rural Development Coordination Division
• Orapa Round Table
• Orapa mine
• New Earth Foundation
1.4 Commentary on causes and effects of positive and
negative variances from work plan
Reasons for variances from the work plan, particularly constraints encountered,
are contained in the final column of the matrix above.
In summary, a large proportion of the activities planned for 2004 have been
executed or are in progress. It is also evident that the 2004 Action Plan was
ambitious in some respects, particularly with respect to the implementation of
CAP livelihood improvement projects. Although most CAP projects that were
intended to be implemented in 2004 have been started, none have been
completed to the desired extent. This delay has been primarily due to the
lengthy process of materials procurement.
The other significant negative variance from the work plan has been the non-
implementation of activities related to research and monitoring. This has been
due to delays by partners at University of Oslo to assist in producing a common
framework for research that will allow the necessary standardization across the
participating countries.
1.5 Main findings and lessons learned during reporting
period
The main findings and lessons learnt during the reporting period include:
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� Community Action Plans for sustainable rangeland resource use
and rehabilitation should be based as far as possible on the
priorities of community members themselves, even if it requires
adjustments to project design. In particular, livelihood
improvement projects with immediate benefits may need to be
given equal if not greater significance than long-term
environmental rehabilitation initiatives
� The capacity for community involvement on a voluntary basis in
projects that they themselves have identified and prioritised
should not be underestimated. Despite common assertions that
volunteerism is reaching extinction in Botswana, some
community members under IVP have volunteered consistently
for projects that they have requested, such as the erection of drift
fences around arable areas.
� Wide stakeholder involvement in the development and
implementation of Community Action Plans is crucial, particularly
from government departments whose mandate covers the
sectors included in the plan. This increases the likelihood of a
wide base of support for communities in the ongoing
development and implementation of their plans. Furthermore, in
the context of a project such as IVP, the relatively small project
implementation team can maximize its impact by facilitating the
involvement of stakeholders to produce project impacts, rather
than attempting to cover all aspects of project implementation by
itself. This will be an important consideration in the 2005
Workplan
� Expectations are inevitably high by communities of benefits that
the project is going to accrue. It is therefore important to avoid
where possible creating false expectations, and also to ensure
that the project delivers its inputs in a timely fashion.
� Despite the demands of CAP projects on the time of project staff
and on project resources, it is essential to retain perspective of
the priorities of IVP. IVP’s primary objective is to demonstrate
community-based management of natural resources. The CAP
projects are a pathway to this goal, not an end in themselves.
CAP projects should therefore not be permitted to consume
project time and resources to the extent that the development of
management plans in 2005 suffers.
� Collaboration with all stakeholders, particularly at district level, is
essential for the effective implementation of CAP projects. This is
partly to promote ownership of the projects, and thus
sustainability of the projects beyond IVP’s cycle, but also to gain
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assistance in project implementation, particularly cost sharing
and expertise. IVP is thus making a concerted effort to invite full
participation of all District Councils and relevant departments in
CAP project implementation.
� Communities have their own seasonal calendar of events, which
take priority over participation in project activities. This was
demonstrated in the difficulties experienced during the first and
second quarters in engaging some community stakeholders who
are tending their fields after the good rains. Project
implementation schedules therefore need to be flexible to
accommodate such priorities.
� Several events were undertaken in 2004 with the intention of
illuminating the best strategic path for IVP to take in its efforts to
pilot approaches to communal rangeland resource management
in Botswana. These were: the seminar on Developing
approaches to sustainable communal rangeland management
under IVP; the educational trip to community-based rangeland
resource management projects in Namibia; and the production of
a report by consultants entitled Institutional and legal
arrangements for community-based management of rangelands
under IVP. A multitude of findings have emerged from these
events, which will be synthesized at a workshop in early 2005.
However, some of the most important include:
o The necessity of considering the dynamic nature of semi-
arid ecosystems such as those of the project sites in
developing appropriate management systems that enable
the opportunistic management of its natural resources
o The importance of an integrated approach to rangeland
resource management and benefits, covering a broad
range of rangeland resources, rather than a single sector
(eg wildlife, or livestock)
o The priority of promoting an enabling policy environment
within Botswana for communal rangeland management,
which is in contrast to the current trend of promoting the
privatization of Botswana’s communal rangelands
1.6 General commentary on progress to date, effectiveness
of implementation, and ability to meet the project’s
objectives
While most of the outputs planned for 2004 have been produced, progress in
the implementation of livelihood and rehabilitation projects identified and
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prioritized by communities through the CAP process has been slower than
expected. The CAP workshops and reports emanating from them were
completed in April 2004. Nonetheless, it was only towards the end of the year
that most materials requested were delivered to the sites.
The slow delivery of materials for CAP projects has been a cause for concern,
as community members have high expectations for these projects that they
themselves have identified and requested. Disappointing these expectations
threatens the credibility of IVP in participating communities. Moreover, the
primary focus of 2005 for IVP will be the development of community resource
management plans, which limits the availability of project staff to facilitate the
implementation of CAP projects.
Apart from the slower than expected implementation of CAP projects, most of
the outputs intended for 2004 have been achieved. Several outputs have
related to considering the strategy and approach IVP should adopt in
pioneering formal communal rangeland management systems in Botswana.
These have been the seminar on approaches to communal rangeland
management under IVP, the consultancy report on institutional and legal
arrangements for communal rangeland management, and the exchange trip to
Namibia. These events have assisted in focusing IVP and stakeholders in the
most appropriate strategies to pursue in achieving project objectives.
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2. WORKPLAN FOR COMING REPORTING
PERIOD
2.1 Proposed activities for coming reporting period The annual workplan for 2005 is contained in Appendix Three.
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2.2 Anticipated risks and challenges
Challenge Explanation Strategies for meeting challenge
1. Delays in provision of materials for CAP projects as requested by communities
The implementation of CAP projects was prioritised by IVP for 2004, so as not to disappoint the expectations of participating communities. While delays are inevitable, it is important that once requests are made, all efforts are made to supply materials in a timely manner, so as to encourage motivation by communities
• Sourcing of materials of requisite standard, advice where necessary, obtaining quotations and producing purchase orders is a time-consuming process. Means need to be considered for FAO to be freed from other duties so as to concentrate on this
2. Lack of timely production of outputs by University of Oslo
Extensive delays in the research and training component have resulted from delays by partners at the University of Oslo, whose responsibilities cover the Research and Training Component.
• Continue to inform University of Oslo, UNEP and UNOPS of national priorities under the research and training component
• Make the most of current opportunities, considering constraints encountered
• Make use of new national research advisory committee where possible
3. Conflicting community interests
This refers to both different interests within the community, as well as differences between community members and IVP. For example, for many community members degradation is not considered a problem, and increase of livestock numbers is a priority
• Ensure adequate discussion of all project initiatives before embarking on them
• Promote discussion of issues of degradation and stocking levels in the project sites
• Allowing communities to identify the projects they embark on
4. Shortage of village water supplies
Shortage of water remains a challenge in some of the project villages, particularly Khawa (Kgalagadi) and Kedia (Boteti). Without an adequate supply of water, many of the proposed projects are not viable. These communities have also prioritised water supply in their proposed projects. However, IVP has neither the mandate nor the capacity to augment general village water supplies
• Stress to communities that IVP is unable to install general village water supplies
• Assist communities to lobby relevant authorities for water supply
• Explore alternative means of water supply such as rainwater harvesting
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Challenge Explanation Strategies for meeting challenge
5. Participation by full cross-section of community
It remains evident that, particularly in the Kgalagadi project site, IVP activities are dependent on a few key committed individuals. This poses a risk for sustainability, as these individuals may not always be available for IVP
• Ensure that CAP projects meet the needs of a wide variety of community members, so as to encourage their participation
2.3 Expected inputs and contributions from RCU, University
of Oslo, UNDP, UNEP and/or other project partners
With respect to the University of Oslo, the operationalisation of the research
programme of IVP has been long awaited. It is heartening that progress in this
regard is becoming apparent, and it is hoped that it will be fully operational by
the second quarter of 2005. It is particularly important that collection of baseline
data commences by April 2005.
As project implementation gathers pace, the role of the RCU as a facilitator of
information sharing between the three countries is invaluable to the national
components. This includes facilitating the sharing of experiences between
Botswana, Kenya and Mali on aspects of project implementation relevant to all
three countries, such as Community Action Plans and Rangeland Resource
Management Plans. It also includes facilitating the regular flow of information
between the three countries of all relevant documents, including progress
reports, workshop reports, plans, constitutions, consultancy reports, and other
relevant documentation.
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3. USE OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES
3.1 Budget for January – December 2004 The table below reflects the budget for the twelve months of January – December 2004, as presented in the 2003 Annual report. Description Budget (Pula) Budget (US$) Consultant-Indigenous Mgt 42000 9333 Consultant-Livestock Mktg 35000 7778 Consultant Range Rehabilitation 35000 7778 Consultant-Dissemination 14000 3111 Consultant-Short term 21000 4667 Administration 376709 83713 Duty Travel 225645 50143 Missions to RCU 0 0 Int. Visits 52500 11667 Transfer and Technology 63000 14000 Transfer Energy 17500 3889 Biomass Technology 52500 11667 Mass Media Campaigns 21000 4667 Environmental Education 40439 8986 Indigenous Mgt Systems 504000 112000 Arid Zone Biodatabase 164500 36556 Rehab of Indigenous Veg 512295 113843 Livestock Mktg 266000 59111 Seminar and Tours 35000 7778 Community Stakeholders 106246 23610 Community Meetings 27220 6049 Technical Meetings 20419 4538 Conference Services 41503 9223 Equipment 116932 25985 Reports 21000 4667 Newsletter 7000 1556 Maps 10500 2333 Sundries 17500 3889 Direct Costs 83174 18483 Miscellaneous 132174 29372 Total 3013581 669685
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3.2 Summary Expenditure for From January to December
2004 The table below summarises the actual expenditure for 2004. The total expenditure for 2004 amounted to US$426,530.85. The largest single expenditure item was salaries, at US$231,352.96. Other significant single expenditure items included: materials for the CAP projects, at US$60,139.45; exchange trip to Namibia, at US$23,837.00, and the consultancy on legal and institutional arrangements for the community-based management of rangelands, at US$16,293.17. Total expenditure for 2004 amounted to US$426,530.85 During 2004, UNDP changed the financial software used for budgeting and recording expenditure. While all expenditure has been checked by project administration, a large number of payments were charged to the wrong budget line. In such cases, the third column in the table below itemises the actual payment, if it differs from the budget line to which it was charged.
ACCOUNT DESCRIPTION Actual PMT EXPENDITURE (US$)
61200 Salaries Costs Marx Garekwe payment 1509.67
72100 Contractual Services Salaries staff 59912.24
72400 Communic & Audio Mascom 3729.54
74500 Miscellaneous Exp Petty cash 19.26
SUBTOTAL 65170.71
71600 Travel Travel 1913.43
72100 Contractual Services Mascom 734.60
72200 Equipment & Furniture CAP materials 18140.05
72300 Materials & Goods CAP materials 41999.40
73400 Rental & Maint of other Conference Maharaja (1131.34) 6881.91
74200 Audio Visual & Print Travel 418.15
SUBTOTAL 70087.54
66100 Overtime & Diff Overtime 2044.21
71600 Travel Travel 2941.98
72200 Equipment and Furniture Service and Catridges 3341.24
72300 Materials & Goods Food (Workshop) 247.13
72400 Communic & Audio Mascom 1281.16
73100 Rental & Maint - Premises Big Five 1628.96
73400 Rental & Maint of other Equipment Petrol 624.34
75100 Facilities & Maintanance Temporary Assist 211.33
SUBTOTAL 12320.35
63400 Learning Costs MS Project Training 1606.77
66100 Overtime & Diff Overtime 1105.35
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ACCOUNT DESCRIPTION Actual PMT EXPENDITURE (US$)
71200 International Consultants 0
71300 Local Consultants Consultant (Centre for Applied Research) 16293.17
71400 Contractual Services-Ind Salaries 5916.85
71500 UN Volunteers Community allowances 696.29
71600 Travel Travel (Namibia) and Local 29544.15
72100 Contractual Services-Com Salaries 159469.19
72200 Equipment & Furniture Travel and Petrol 5888.80
72300 Materials & Goods Travel 972.24
SUBTOTAL 221492.81
72400 Communic & Audio Salaries 6054.68
72500 Supplies Generator Kweneng 1773.04
72700 Hospitality Quaterly meeting 1667.09
72800 Information Tech Equip Ms software 4212.64
73400 Rental & Maint Petrol 10465.94
74100 Professional Services Audit Fees 12381.28
74500 Miscellaneous Exp Petrol, Adverts, Accommodation 19544.59
75100 Facilities & Admin Petty cash (Petrol and Food) 1360.18
SUBTOTAL 57459.44
TOTAL 426530.85 Included in the expenditures reported above are several expenses that were charged by UNDP to the project account, but were not incurred by IVP. These are reflected in the table below, as at the time of reporting had not been extracted from the IVP account.
ADJUSTMENTS TO BE MADE to 2004 EXPENDITURE
Marx Garekwe 1509.67
Magdeline Madibela 655.6
Lentswe Lodge 500.77
L Dikobe 4210.38
RIPCO 10482.56
Impression House 125.33
TOTAL WRONGLY DEBITED TO IVP ACCOUNT 17484.31
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3.3 Estimation of contribution in kind by Government of
Botswana The estimated contribution in kind from the Botswana government for 2004 is contained in the table below.
Heading Item Breakdown Total (U$)
Total (Pula)
Senior Management 50dys x P350 x 8pax 31111 140000
Middle Management 30dys x P200 x 5pax 6667 30000
Technical Staff 20dys x P175 x 5pax 3889 17500
Industrial Staff 40dys x P120x 10pax 10667 48000
Salaries
SUBTOTAL
52333 235500
Drivers 200hrs x P10 x 10 4444 20000
Other 50hrs x 15 x 5 833 3750
Overtime
SUBTOTAL
5278 23750
Quarterly Meeting 19 x 98.30 x 4 x 5days 8301 37354
Trip to Namibia 6262 x 4 x 10 days 5566 25048
Subsistence Allowance
SUBTOTAL
24423 23750
National Project Unit 3000 x 12 months x 3 offices
24000 108000
Kgalagadi 450 x 26 months 2600 11700
Boteti 450 x 26 months 2600 11700
Kweneng 450 x 12 months 1200 5400
Office Rentals
SUBTOTAL
30400 136800
National Project Unit 4444 20000
Kgalagadi 1111 5000
Boteti 1111 5000
Kweneng 1111 5000
Stationery
SUBTOTAL
7778 35000
CTO kilometre charge 30000km at .14 thebe 933 4200
Fuel to Kgalagadi 1856 495 2227.2
Fuel to Boteti 2088 557 2505.6
Fuel to Kweneng 435 116 522
Trip to Namibia 870 48845 1044
Vehicles
SUBTOTAL
2333 10499
TOTAL 103400 465299
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According to the estimation contained in the table above, government contribution in kind to IVP in 2004 was US$103,400. In 2002/3, the government contribution in kind amounted to US$206,000. There are two primary reasons that the contribution in kind was significantly higher in 2002/3 than 2004. Firstly, the 2003/4 estimation covered an 18-month period from project inception in July 2002 until December 2003, while the 2004 estimation covers twelve months. Secondly, there were two activities in 2003 in which government officers were significantly involved; the CAP workshops, and participatory indicator development, which were not repeated in 2004.
3.4 Commentary on deviations from budget The budget for 2004 was US$669,685. The total amount spent was US$469,299. The shortfall of US$200,386 in expenditure as compared to budget is largely due to the fact that many of the CAP materials that were ordered in 2004 will not be paid for until 2005. Extensive delays were experienced in 2004 in the procurement of CAP materials, but it is envisaged that the procurement process for project materials will be expedited in 2005.
3.5 Budget for next reporting period The table below summarises the forecast budget for 2005. The largest expenditure for 2005 will be in the implementation of CAP projects. Also included will be the development of constitutions and the development of management plans for rangeland resources. IVP will be making efforts to bring funding partners on board for some of these projects, as well as for the management planning process, so as to augment the limited project funding available.
Activities Budget Description 2005 budget
74100 Professional Services 3500 Component1
Indigenous Management Systems 74500 Miscellaneous
Expenses 8623
Component2 Database and GIS 74100 Professional Services 10,800
Component3 Rehabilitation of Vegetation
63400 Learning costs 29,249
72300 Material and Goods 204257 Component4
Livestock Improvement
74500
Miscellaneous Expenses
15,000
Component5 Training 74500 Miscellaneous Expenses
29688
Component6 Targeted Research 71200 International Consultants
N/a
Management and Administration 66100 Overtime 4000
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Activities Budget Description 2005 budget
71200 International Consultants
71300 Local Consultants 252,000
71400 Contractual Services - Individuals
670
71600 Travel 16,000
72200 Equipment and Furniture
70,000
74500 Miscellaneous Expenses
41,134
Total 672,798
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4. PROJECT ENVIRONMENT
4.1 Political, legislative, and institutional developments with
potential consequences for project implementation and
its potential impact
As has been stated in previous reports, and was clearly presented in the
consultants report on institutional and legal arrangements for the communal
management of rangeland resources, the current policy environment and
practice by the Ministry of Agriculture favours the privatized management of
rangeland resources through enclosures, rather than communal management.
It is therefore particularly important for IVP to ensure strong integration with
policy makers, particularly those of Ministry of Agriculture.
A positive development in this regard has been the invitation by the Ministry of
Agriculture for IVP to be represented on the Inter-Ministerial Technical
Committee (IMTC) that oversees the implementation of the Fencing
Component of the National Policy for Agricultural Development. This can assist
in the mainstreaming of communal rangeland management models to practice
by the Ministry of Agriculture.
IVP has so far participated in two IMTC meetings, in which it became apparent
that the potential for uptake of successful models which may be developed
under IVP are high. In districts that are recommended by IMTC to be unsuitable
for fencing, the alternative considered is a communal management system, and
the committee has requested the guidance of IVP in how to facilitate the
development of such systems.
4.2 Opinion or viewpoints on the continued relevance of the
project’s planning parameters and suggestions for
possible adjustments and modifications The major change to the project’s planning parameters during 2004 arises from
the indicator retrofitting exercise, which IVP Botswana has completed in
consultation with the RCU, national stakeholders, and participating communities.
This exercise has produced specific and measurable indicators for the logical
framework matrix guiding project implementation.
The indicator retrofitting exercise has also accentuated the fact that a large
variety of outputs are expected in the remaining two and a half years of the
project lifespan. It is evident that a project such as IVP, attempting to address
the long-term processes of biodiversity rehabilitation and poverty reduction
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through community empowerment, will have difficulty achieving such goals
within a five-year lifespan. The future of IVP beyond the initial five year cycle
should perhaps be a point of consideration in the upcoming mid-term review of
IVP.
With regards to the financial situation of IVP the budget of IVP will be too
limited to achieve the outputs expected. This is primarily for two reasons. One
is that the initial budget for staff salaries was not realistic, with the result that a
much larger proportion of project funds are used for salaries than was initially
envisaged. Secondly, with 14 villages participating in the IVP Botswana
programme, project resources are stretched very thin.
4.3 Concluding remarks
2004 has seen significant progress in project implementation. This has included
the finalization of the Community Action Plan workshops and reports, and
implementation of some of the projects arising out of these workshops. This is
notable as the largest-scale facilitation of Community Action Plans by any
government department, in line with the principles of the Community Based
Strategy. In addition, other important outputs have included exposure for the
project team and stakeholders to best practices in communal rangeland
management, retrofitting of project indicators, and – for the first time -
development of site-level annual workplans.
The most significant delay to project progress in 2004 has been in the
procurement and delivery of materials for the CAP projects. These projects are
important to gain and maintain the interest and trust of community members in
IVP. Although almost all materials have now been delivered, community
members waited for them for several months. It is essential for IVP to ensure
the successful implementation of at least one project in each community in
2005, without letting these initiatives detract from the primary focus of 2005,
which will be resource management planning.
Support in the implementation of IVP has been forthcoming from the National
Executing Agency for IVP, the Department of Crop Production and Forestry in
the Ministry of Agriculture. Heightened support will also be necessary to
adequately fulfil the demanding programme of the 2005 workplan.
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APPENDICES
Appendix One: List of publications produced in 2004 Appendix Two: Minutes of Steering Committee meeting Four of 2004 Appendix Three: 2005 Action Plan
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Appendix One: List of Publications produced in 2004
IVPBOT04/002 Participatory Indicator Development report
IVPBOT04/003 Community Action Plan Proposed Projects - Boteti
IVPBOT04/004 Community Action Plan Proposed Projects - Kgalagadi south
IVPBOT04/005 Community Action Plan Proposed Projects - Kweneng north
IVPBOT04/006 Community Action Plan workshop report – Mokobaxane
IVPBOT04/007 Community Action Plan workshop report - Kedia
IVPBOT04/008 Community Action Plan workshop report - Mopipi
IVPBOT04/009 Community Action Plan workshop report - Boatlaname
IVPBOT04/010 Community Action Plan workshop report - Lephepe
IVPBOT04/011 Community Action Plan workshop report - Thotayamarula
IVPBOT04/012 Community Action Plan workshop report - Shadishadi
IVPBOT04/013 Community Action Plan workshop report - Makabanyane
IVPBOT04/014 Community Action Plan workshop report - Sojwe
IVPBOT04/015 Community Action Plan workshop report - Khawa
IVPBOT04/016 Community Action Plan workshop report - Struizendam
IVPBOT04/017 Community Action Plan workshop report - Bokspits
IVPBOT04/018 Community Action Plan workshop report - Vaalhoek
IVPBOT04/019 Community Action Plan workshop report – Rappelspan
IVPBOT04/020 Institutional and legal arrangements for the management of communal
rangelands under IVP – consultants report
IVPBOT04/021 Report of Educational trip by IVP stakeholders to rangeland
management initiatives in Namibia
IVPBOT04/022 Reading pack for Developing sustainable approaches to rangeland
management under IVP
IVPBOT04/023 Report of seminar to consider approaches to communal management
of rangelands under IVP
IVPBOT04/024 Baseline socio-economic data for IVP Botswana sites from 2001
census
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Annual report 2004
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Appendix Two: Minutes of Steering Committee meeting
Four of 2004
Indigenous Vegetation Project Steering Committee Meeting Number 4 of 2004
Date: Tuesday 26th Oct 2004 Time: 0900hrs Venue: Ministry of Agriculture Conference Room 265 Present were: NAME ORGANISATION A U Lumbile BCA D Keboneilwe DAPS M K C Modisaotsile Crop Production and Forestry M E Mogorosi DWNP Project Secretariat M Taylor Indigenous Vegetation Project G B Bartels RCU B Gupta RCU (recording) N Sebele Ministry of Agriculture R M Kwerepe Ministry of Agriculture Chairperson Apologies M Madzwamuse IUCN J Macala DAR-Sebele K Keapoletswe Forestry A Makepe Ministry of Finance K K Mmopi Ministry of Agriculture K Mapena ARB
1. AGENDA
Time Item 09h00-09h05 Apologies 09h05-09h15 Adoption of Agenda 09h15-09h20 Chairperson’s remarks 09h20-09h40 Approval of minutes of previous meeting and matters arising 09h40-10h40 Presentation and discussion of progress Report for Third quarter
2004 11h00 Tea and close of meeting
2. ADOPTION OF AGENDA
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2.1 Agenda was adopted. 3. CHAIRPERSON’S REMARKS
3.1 The Chairperson (Mr Kwerepe) welcomed all to the meeting and apologised for the late start of meeting. He also apologised on behalf of the Director who the chair of the steering committee that he is held up in a whole day meeting and he will therefore assume the chair. He went on to acknowledge the progress made by the project as documented in the Q3 2004 report, which would be discussed later as an agenda item. He reminded the meeting that since this is the last report of the year, they should expect the report to cover the achievements of the year, how to proceed over the coming year. He also expressed disappointment at the continuous low attendance of the members, and solicited the members to advise on how best to address the issue.
4. ADOPTION OF MINUTES OF PREVIOUS MEETING AND MATTERS ARISING
4.1 Minutes of previous meeting approved subject to the following amendments:
o Dr Bartels attended the meeting, thus his name should not appear in apologies list
o Components should be written in full instead of 1,2, etc o E Tshamekang is not from Thusano Lefatsheng but from NCSA o Pg 4 – Community Support Manager repeated o Dr Bartels explained the need to evaluate the CAP process as being to solicit
community views of the process. 5. MATTERS ARISING
5.1 The meeting was informed that the Task forced to look into the consultancy report on
institutional and legal arrangements has been formed 5.2 Mrs Keboneilwe suggested that the reports from the project should be circulated in time
to allow members to respond in time. 5.3 Mr Modisaotsile also expressed his concerns that all reports should be made available
to the Steering Committee members before being circulated to other stakeholders to enable them to make comments and recommendations.
5.4 The recommendation on transfer of financial functions from UNDP to Government of Botswana referred to purchasing of CAP materials and travelling expenses.
5.5 In regard to the future collaboration of the project, the National Project Leader and representative from MoA attended the Inter-ministerial Technical Committee on Fencing, which was described as fruitful.
5.6 Mrs Keboneilwe advised the project to start submitting their plans to CBS and to report their progress quarterly to facilitate the smooth relationships between the two. She advised the project to route the reports through DAPS, until the formal invitation to the project has been made.
6. ACTION ITEMS
6.1 Action items from previous meeting were confirmed as complete.
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7. PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION OF PROGRESS REPORT FOR THIRD QUARTER 2004
7.1 Presentation on the above done by Dr Taylor. Key issues discussed were as follows: 7.2 Lessons learnt, highlights and risks 2004:
o Meeting informed that a key lesson is the urgent need for timely delivery of Community Action Plans project materials. Also that in 2004 the focus was on CAP project implementation, and in 2005 there will be shift to management planning.
o The insights gained from the Namibian trip included the coordination of stakeholder assistance, participatory rangeland monitoring and integrated resource management.
o The action plan for the next quarter is to continue establishment of CAP projects, to evaluate the CAP process, to start the demonstration plots, creation of the IVP website, to produce reports of the Namibian trip and the seminar on rangeland management. Also to be completed is the retrofitting indicators to the project log frame and planning for 2005.
8. COMPONENT 1: MANAGEMENT OF INDIGENOUS SYSTEMS
8.1 The National Project Leader informed the meeting that the Task Force that has to consider the consultancy report has been formed and is expected to resume their task. Also in the process is the preparation to evaluate the Community Actions Plans. He explained that the task is expected to be spearheaded by DAPS.
8.2 Participatory Indicator Development Manual (PID): The National Project Leader briefed the meeting that the first draft manual has been received and circulated to members who took part in the development of the manual to make comments.
9. COMPONENT 2: BIO DATABASE AND GIS
9.1 The National Project Leader briefed the members on the progress made on the above component; that the compilation of existing bio data and mapping has commenced in the project sites and is an ongoing progress. 9.2 He went on to brief the meeting that updating of data on livestock has been done and so has the development of the socio-economic indicators.
10. COMPONENT 3: REHABILITATION OF INDIGENOUS VEGETATION
10.1 The National Project Leader briefed the meeting about the progress achieved so far under this component; that the control and monitoring plots have been identified in each village and that permits have been given by the land board for almost all the plots 10.2 Other plots allocated by land board include the Rappelspan sand dune stabilisation plot, which is 75% completed, and Vaalhoek stabilisation plot 10.3 He also briefed the meeting about documentation that is being undertaken by the
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forestry student regarding the Nursery, and plans for participatory trials to test rehabilitation techniques in collaboration with BCA. 10.4 He went to brief the meeting about the fencing of Thotayamarula biodiversity conservation area, that has been put on hold until Loologane residents have finished constructing their new homes. 11. COMPONENT 4: IMPROVEMENT OF LIVESTOCK AND ALTERNATIVE LIVELIHOODS
11.1 The National Project Leader informed the meeting about the progress on the international livestock consultancy, that DAHP will provide a specialist to assist the consultant who will be trying to identify opportunities in livestock marketing. 11.2 Also underway are the negotiations with livestock buyers for Kgalagadi livestock producers. 11.3 He also briefed the members on the progress of Machana Drift Fence, that the communities have just completed clearing the line, and that they did it voluntarily. Once the material reaches the site, they will start erecting the fence. 11.4 He also went on to inform the meeting that in Boteti boreholes have been identified for a possible irrigation plot, and water will need to be tested for suitability. Debswana is also willing to provide advice. Regarding the Tannery in Kedia, he informed the meeting that investigations are underway to identify ownership of the existing assets. 11.5 Khawa: Water harvesting has been taken up by Water Conservation Division in the Department of Water Affairs. 11.6 Bokspits: Regarding Wool production in this area, the project has a challenge of low interest since few community members are coming forward to own the project. Regarding the Horticulture project in Struizendam, the interest group has been identified and the first draft of the management plan has been developed. The project will commence once the materials have been delivered. 11.7 Kweneng: Drift fences volunteers have begun clearing fence lines where necessary and are waiting for the materials to strengthen the existing fence. In Lephephe the youth group has started production and have received training from Sanitas. Other projects which haven’t started include Boatlaname agro-forestry and beekeeping. Loologane water harvesting has been shelved due to reliable water supply in the area.
12. COMPONENT 5: TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND LEARNING
12.1 The seminar on approaches to rangeland management was held on the 20
th to 23
rd
September 2004, involving about 75 stakeholders 12.2 The educational trip to Namibia (DRFN) was undertaken on the 22
nd August to the 11
th
September 2004. 12.3 Training for Kweneng youth group has been undertaken by Sanitas in Lephephe 11
th
October 2004
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12.4 The building of IVP website has commenced. 12.5 The production of at least two documentaries for BTV not yet done, and breakfast presentation for policy makers has been postponed to first parliament after elections 13. ADMINISTRATIVE/MANAGEMENT
13.1 The arrangement to transfer some financial functions to government is underway. 13.2 S Sallu, the researcher based in Khawa, has completed the first phase of her research 13.3 The workshop to retrofit project indicators has been arranged to be held on 3
rd and 4
th
November 2004 in Gaborone. 13.4 The project staff commenced their training on MSProject software training and due to complete on the 2
nd November 2004.
13.5 The TORs for the research committee are being discussed by University of Botswana
14. COMMENTS FROM THE REPORT:
14.1 Dr Bartels advised against the purchase of GIS equipment, as it can prove to be very costly, but that the stakeholders can instead be given the basic training to enable them to appreciate how the equipment works. Mrs Keboneilwe also had the similar view and advised that the project use government equipment. 14.2 Mrs Sebele briefed the meeting about the progress made on testing the PID manual, that it will not be carried out this year since stakeholders will need to make comments before the manual can be tested. Dr Bartels had a different view, that peer review shouldn’t hinder the testing of the manual. 14.3 Mr Mogorosi wanted to know why the project needs to engage a specialist on livestock marketing. NPL explained that by a specialist they refer to an officer from the Department of Animal Health. Mr Modisaotsile also indicated that there is no need for consultancy as the problem in livestock marketing in Kgalagadi is due to the bad road which hikes the transport costs. Dr Bartels explained that the consultant will be advising on alternative by products and alternative markets, and the opportunities that exists regarding livestock 14.4 Mr Modisaotsile wanted to know why the report on nursery study literature is taking to long, since the study was done nine months back. Dr Bartels advised the project to contact the student supervisor to find out about the delay. 14.5 Mr Modisaotsile encouraged the project to continue with the water harvesting in Loologane, but the NPL explained that it was the community’s suggestion. Mrs Gupta explained that the project will continue it is only the priority that has changed. 14.6 Dr Bartels expressed a concern that the Micro Credit scheme has been left out and yet it is very important. Mrs Gupta explained that the project will be implemented next year, since the umbrella study has been completed by the regional office, and the national component is now using this information to develop a proposal as to how it may operate.
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14.7 Mrs Sebele wanted to know about the progress on Mrs Sallu’s study, and Dr Taylor explained that she has reported verbally and she is expected to submit a report on the first phase of her fieldwork in January 2005. 14.8 Dr Bartels briefed the meeting about the Regional Policy Steering Committee meeting in mali in February 2005, and that the Regional office will fund the trip. He explained that the composition of the team should include a community member, the National Project Leader, and the National Coordinator from the Ministry of Agriculture The chairperson thanked the members for attending, and reminded the management not to give up with the University of Oslo. He suggested that members can be given lunch during the meetings.
Meeting adjourned: 11:15hrs.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .
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Acti
on
N
o.
Date
Rais
ed
A
cti
on
Rais
ed
R
esp
on
sib
le
Targ
et
Date
C
om
ple
ted
C
om
men
ts
1
27/07/04
Research committee
-To identify the existing committee
-To
produce
a
framework
for
research
component
NPL
31/01/05
2
27/07/04
Research framework
-To produce a framework for research
RC
31/01/05
3.
26/10/2004
Community Action Plans
-CAPs to be circulated at the next meeting
Taylor
26/10/04
4.
26/10/2004
Steering Committee Members
-To contact all the steering committee m
embers
who have not
been attending and request
replacements where necessary
Taylor/Gupta
26/10/04
5.
26/10/2004
Collaborate/
Consult with other
departments
whenever new project initiatives are form
ed to
avoid duplication of effort
-Provide update in next m
eeting
Taylor
26/10/04
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .
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Ap
pen
dix
Th
ree:
2005 A
cti
on
Pla
n