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Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Government of India
GRIHA&
Solar Passive Architecture/Renewables
R S Prasad, Consultant, ADaRSH
What is a Green Building?
A green building is a building which provide comfortable living and working conditions to its occupants while minimizing its detrimental impact on the environment.
Difference between Energy Efficient and Green
An Energy Efficient building will only conserve energy as compared to other buildings
A Green Building will conserve energy; conserve water; conserve the landscape; reduce waste generation; adopt recycling and reuse of materials; and use low-energy materials
Green building design calls for:
integrated and coordinated design approach
….in planning, design, construction and management
What is GRIHA?
Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment
Tool to facilitate design, construction, operation of a green building ,and in turn ….measure
“greenness” of a building in India
What gets measured gets managed
Set of 34 criteria
100 (+4 innovation points) point system with differential weightage on various criteria
51 - 60 61 - 70 71 - 80 81- 90 91- 100
Highlights
Weightage based on our National Priorities
GRIHA innovation points over and above 100 points
Key highlights of GRIHA
Sets out guidelines for design, construction and operation
Combination of qualitative and quantitative criteria Sets performances benchmarks for key resources like,
energy and water Facilitates integration of traditional knowledge on
architecture with present day technology Integrates all relevant Indian codes and standards(e.g
National building code 2005, Energy Conservation Building Code 2007, IS codes)
Is in complete alignment with government policies and programs (e.g Environmental clearance by the MoEF)
Building types Commercial Residential Institutional
5 climatic zones Hot – Dry Warm – Humid Composite Temperate Cold
Key highlights of GRIHA
Salient features
30-40% reduction in operation cost with negligible impact on project cost.
A simple inclusive single window process from Design to Rating
Inclusive process with high degree of hand holding from ADaRSH
Only rating system that exclusively covers ventilated, air conditioned and non-air conditioned buildings/campuses
140 projects with about 7 million square metres registered with GRIHA
GRIHA Compliant Building: Beyond ECBCGRIHA Compliant Building: Beyond ECBCECBC Compliance:•Insulation •High Performance glass•Controls•Efficient electrical , mechanical and lighting systemsIncremental cost: 15%Payback period < 5 years
GRIHA Compliance:•ECBC +•Passive principles (shading, orientation, controlled glass area)•Higher indoor design conditions (higher by 1 deg C)•Optimized lighting designNo further incremental costPayback period: < 4 years
37%45%
kWhr/yr
Designing a green building! By adopting the integrated design approach such that the client,
architect, engineers, and consultants design the building in a coordinated manner with a common goal – sustainability.
By optimizing site conditions (trees, water bodies, windflow, orientation, etc.) and retain them to cater to the local thermal / visual comfort requirements of the building
By adopting sound architectural practices and taking examples from India’s traditional architecture
By following India’s national codes and standards
By designing precisely-sized energy systems and not basing them on broad thumb-rules
Designing a green building! (Continued…)
By following regional development plans (such as the UDPFI guidelines, master plans) and local building by-laws
By adopting locally available construction materials and giving impetus to local arts, crafts, architecture and artisans
By reducing the resource consumption of the building and its inhabitants so that the waste generating there-from is reduced
By adopting energy efficient technologies (EETs) and equipment
By adopting renewable energy technology (RETs) applications to reduce the demand on conventional energy
GRIHA-Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment
GRIHA attempts to minimize a building’s resource consumption, waste generation, and overall ecological/ environmental impact by consistent with nationally acceptable limits / benchmarks.
It does so using the five ‘R’ philosophy of sustainable development, namely
Refuse – to blindly adopt international trends, materials, technologies, products, etc. Specially in areas where local substitutes/equivalents are availableReduce – the dependence on high energy products, systems, processes, etc.Reuse – materials, products, traditional technologies, so as to reduce the costs incurred in designing buildings as well as in operating themRecycle – all possible wastes generated from the building site, during construction, operation and demolitionReinvent – engineering systems, designs, and practices such that India creates global examples that the world can follow rather than us following international examples
Why should you get your building rates?Some of the benefits of a green design to a building owner, user, and the society as a whole are as follows:Reduced energy consumption without sacrificing the comfort levels (lower operational costs)Reduced water consumption Reduced system sizes (HVAC, transformers, cabling, etc.) for optimal performance at local conditions.Reduced investment (Lifecycle costs)Reduced destruction of natural areas, habitats, and biodiversity, and reduced soil loss from erosion etc.Reduced air and water pollution (with direct health benefits)Limited waste generation due to recycling and reuseReduced pollution loadsIncreased user productivityEnhanced image and marketability
Passive Solar Architecture
Is the design of buildings whose orientation, forms, shading, materials, fenestration(window/door openings) and site planning enable the structure to naturally store thermal energy from the sun and/or cool the structure by shielding it from the sun rays and causing on unassisted air flow.
Mankind has been using passive solar majors since time immemorial. The traditional buildings in India bear testimony to it.
Passive solar techniques are as varied as architecture itself and depend upon the climatic regions.
Can buildings adopt traditional design principles and yet appear contemporary?
IRRAD complex Source: Ashok Lall Architects
http://img248.imageshack.us/i/pearlacademyfashion1mp0.jpg/
Pearl Fashion Academy Architects: Morphogenesis
http://img248.imageshack.us/i/pearlacademyfashion1mp0.jpg/
http://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2009/09/pearl-academy-by-morphogenesis-17.jpg
Design to reduce conventional energy demand(Based on principles of solar passive design)
Conventional ‘adopt Conventional ‘adopt international design’ international design’ Phenomena Phenomena
More buildings are being built out of glass these days
Lack of sound design keeps the visual comfort low (high glare conditions, excess heat ingress, etc.)
Most occupants keep their curtains closed in glass buildings and use artificial lighting all day long.
Thereby adding to the overall energy consumption
GRIHA approachGRIHA approach The design is optimized to
allow maximum natural light in, while eliminating glare
Sound shading strategies ensure no direct solar radiation is allowed into occupied spaces during summers (and vice versa in winters) Also,
Appropriate planning that reflects climate responsiveness
Adequate day lighting provided
Over and under-design of lighting system is avoided
Climate-responsive design strategies
As per the climatic classification of National Building Code-2005, though India has a large variety of climate types, it is predominantly a country with tropical climate. Approximately, 90% of the area has hot-dry, warm-humid, and composite climate. Therefore, climate-responsive buildings, in this context, are designed to avoid the heat gain but at the same time allow adequate daylight into the living space. Some of the passive design strategies adopted to optimize building design that controls heat gain and allows maximum natural light are as follows:Optimum orientation;Internal space arrangement (thermal buffer zone/buffer spaces);Allocation of building openings;Sizing of openings (limitation of window-wall-ratio and skylight-roof-ration);Appropriate shading design (façade shading and fenestration shading); andAdequate daylighting (optimum daylighted area and daylight factor)
Solar-passive building design addresses indoor thermal comfort as well as visual comfort
Solar-passive building designSolar-passive
building design
Thermal ComfortThermal Comfort Visual ComfortVisual Comfort
Reduce energy demand of space-
conditioning
Reduce energy demand of space-
conditioning
Reduce energy demand of
artificial lighting
Reduce energy demand of
artificial lighting
Reduction in energy consumption and GHG emission
Reduction in energy consumption and GHG emission
Solar Passive Related Criteria in GRIHA The criteria 13 of GRIHA ( i.e. optimize building design to
reduce conventional energy demand) addresses integration of solar passive principles in building design. This is a mandatory criterion, which emphasizes on building orientation, use of shading devices, fenestration design, window to wall ratio and achieving day lighting in living spaces.
Criterion 4 – Design to include existing site features.
Criterion 5 – Reduce hard paving on-site and/or provide shaded hard-paved surfaces.
Integration of ECBC with GRIHA
Criterion 14 of GRIHA (i.e. optimize energy performance of building within a specified comfort limits) requires mandatory compliance with ECBC for projects that fall in the category of ECBC implementation.
Renewable Energy
1. The criteria 18 of GRIHA (i.e. renewable energy utilization) makes it mandatory to meet 1% of project internal lighting and air conditioning connected load (or equivalent) by renewable energy.
2. The Criteria 6 of GRIHA (i.e. enhance outdoor lighting system efficiency and use renewable energy system for meeting outdoor lighting requirement) promotes use of renewable forms of energy to reduce the use of conventional/fossil fuel based energy resources.
For conserving energy – in a cost-effective manner
Green buildings are good investment!
First 5 star rated GRIHA building in IIT Kanpur
Trees preserved and protected
Outdoor solar lights
N-S Orientation with shading (roof/window)
Lesser paving
Solar PV and Solar Thermal systems
Impact of Energy Efficiency measures on costs
Key energy efficiency features that added to cost (35 lacs) High performance glazing (Incremental cost of Rs 12.5 lacs) Roof insulation(Incremental cost of 7 lacs) Efficient lighting with controls(incremental cost of 9 lacs) High efficiency chillers/pumps/fans (about 34 TR which is 30% of total tonnage
was saved, hence there was a decrease in cost by about 4 lacs) Earth air tunnel (11 lacs) Annual energy savings : 18.5 lacs
Built up area is 4240 sqm of which 1912 sqm is air conditionedBuilt up area is 4240 sqm of which 1912 sqm is air conditioned
Optimization of building material & selection
• Initial energy consumption: 240 kWh/m2 yr
•Cavity brick wall with insulation
•Roof insulation with fiber glass
•Shading on roof
•Double glass for windows
240 kWh/m2 per annum
208 kWh/m2 per annum
13% energy savings
Building envelope•Brick wall
•RCC roof without insulation
•Single clear glass for windows
Optimization of Lighting Design
208 kWh/m2 per annum
168 kWh/m2 per annum
19% energy savings
Lighting optimization
•Efficient fixtures
•Efficient fixtures & lamps
•Efficient layout
•Daylight integration
AchievementLPD=1.3W/ft2
Illumination levels as per standards:Laboratory: 400 luxCorridors: 200 luxWork plane (faculty room): 300 lux
Optimisation of HVAC system
HVAC system
•Air-cooled chiller
Water-cooled chiller CoP=4.88 (complying with minimum efficiency requirements of the Energy Conservation Building Code
168 kWh/m2 per annum
133 kWh/m2 per annum
21% energy savings
Optimisation of HVAC design
Controls used in HVAC system Variable speed drives for chilled
water pumps Efficient load management Earth air tunnel for fresh air
treatment
133 kWh/m2 per annum
98 kWh/m2 per annum
26% energy savings
HVAC system
• No controls used in HVAC system
Annual Energy Savings
EPI = 240 kWh/m2 per annum
EPI = 208 kWh/m2 per annum
EPI = 133 kWh/m2 per annum
EPI = 168 kWh/m2 per annum
EPI = 98 kWh/m2 per annum
Initial energy performance
Final energy performance
61% savings
Envelope optimisation
Lighting optimisation
Efficient chiller
Controls for HVAC system
Process, tools and mechanisms for GRIHA
ADaRSH (Association for Development and Research of Sustainable Habitats
ADaRSH is an independent society, registered under the Societies Act,
1860 as a platform for interaction on all relevant issues pertaining to
sustainable habitats in the Indian context. It was founded jointly by MNRE
(Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India) and TERI
(The Energy & Resources Institute, New Delhi) along with some of the
experts in the fields related to sustainability of built-environment from
across the country. ADaRSH promotes and manages GRIHA – The
National Rating System (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment)
as a design and evaluation tool for green buildings and habitats, and
administers the rating.
GRIHA Rating- Robust process
…GRIHA Rating
Registration of projects- current status GRIHA
95 government buildings (MNRE has paid registration fee for 43 projects)
38 projects SVA GRIHA
7 projects (public and private) TOTAL: 140 projects
Approximately 7 million sq m registered MNRE has encouraged registration of government
projects by committing to pay registration fee for the first 200 Government of India and PSU buildings.
Intensive workshops and minimum 3 due diligence site visits are conducted for each registered project
Current incentives from Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India
a) Government projects Registration fee for 200 building projects wavered
b)Private projects- Project Proponent / Owner (upto 2012) 90% Registration cum Certification fee reimbursed 3 Star for buildings < 5000 sq.m. 4 Star for buildings > 5000 sq.m.
c) Project Team (Architects / HVAC Designers)- upto 2012 Rs.2.5 lakhs 3 Star for buildings < 5000 sq.m. Rs. 5.0 lakhs 4 Star for buildings > 5000 sq.m.
d)Capital Subsidy on Photovoltaic panels As per MNRE scheme for urban areas
e) Municipal Corporations / Urban local bodies Rs.50 lakhs (Corporations) Rs.25 laksh (other ULBs)
Mechanisms for implementationRegulatory Fast track EIA clearance for GRIHA pre-certified projects Minimum 3 Star for all Central Government and Public Sector Undertaking
buildings mandatory Minimum 3 Star for all CPWD buildings mandatory Minimum 3 Star for all buildings in Delhi as per the notification of the Delhi
Cabinet Minimum 1 Star for all buildings in Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation
(PCMC) Kerala PWD has announced adoption of GRIHA
Financial 0.25% interest rebate on home loans from SBI Incentives from MNRE (registration fee waiver & cash awards) Incentives from Municipalities (property tax rebate & discount on premium for
developers)
Fast track clearance for GRIHA pre-certified projects
PCMC endorses GRIHA
• Rebate on premium for developers• Property tax rebate for occupants/ owners of GRIHA compliant homes
Extension of GRIHA Green Guidelines for Large Developments SVA GRIHA-(Simple Versatile Affordable) GRIHA<2,500m2
GRIHA preferred by educational campuses( 18 projects)
What is SVA GRIHA?
Background Preparation of SVA GRIHA for projects <2500 sq m recommended
by NAC in January 2011
Large demand from PCMC, which has endorsed GRIHA
Registration fee for smaller projects becomes less (since financial incentives and registration fee waiver by MNRE not applicable)
Avoids the need to appoint an energy consultant for smaller projects
Subsequently, SVAGRIHA designed to cater to projects with built-up area less than 2500 sq.m.
The Process
Registration of the project Access to the web-based tool given to the project Submission of completed tool along with necessary
documentation to ADaRSH Feedback to Project Team Site Visit and due diligence check post construction Evaluation by a GRIHA Evaluator Award of Rating by ADaRSH
Note: The site audit to check compliance will be done once the projects is complete and all equipment to be verified are installed
The Structure SVAGRIHA has 14 criterion which are divided into 5
themes and 50 points Mandatory to achieve minimum points in each category
Sub-Group
Maximum points
Minimum points to
be achieved
Landscape
6 3
Energy 21 11
Water & waste
11 6
Materials 8 4
Others 4 1
Criterion number Criterion name Points
1 Reduce UHIE and maintain native vegetation cover on site 6
2 Passive architectural design and systems 4
3Good fenestration design for reducing direct heat gain and glare while maximizing daylight penetration 6
4 Efficient artificial lighting system 2
5 Thermal efficiency of building envelope 2
6 Use of energy efficient appliances 3
7 Use of renewable energy on site 4
8 Reduction in building and landscape water demand 5
9 Rainwater harvesting 4
10 Generate resource from waste 2
11 Reduce embodied energy of building 4
12 Use of low-energy materials in interiors 4
13 Adoption of green Lifestyle 4
14 Innovation 2
Total 50
Impact- mitigation of climate change
Potential of GRIHA to avoid emissions from commercial buidings in India
0.0
500.0
1000.0
1500.0
2010 2020 2030
YearM
t CO
2-e/
yr
BAU Scenario GRIHA compliance
In 2030 emissions from commercial sector:
BAU: 1370 Mt CO2-e
GRIHA: 840 Mt CO2-e
38% emission reductions can be achieved by GRIHA
PCNTDA Headquarters, Pimpri-Chinhwad
Source: Landmark Design
PCNTDA Headquarters, Pimpri-Chinhwad
Source: Landmark Design
SUZLON ONE-EARTH CAMPUSPUNE, MAHARASHTRA
GRIHA RATED
56% savings in energy
50% savings in water
2,50,000 units of electricity generated annually through renewable sources of
energy
Thank you for your attention!