Mirror – a shiny object that reflects light instead of letting the light go through.

A reflection off a smooth surface.

A reflection off a rough surface.

“angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.”

A plane mirror is a mirror that is flat and smooth and

creates an image that is upright and reversed.

A convex mirror is a mirror that is curved

outward and makes the image upright and

smaller.

Used for –

• Side-view mirrors• Surveillance mirrors in stores

A concave mirror is a mirror that curves

inward. From far away the image will appear

upside down. Close up, the image will appear

larger and upright.

Used for –

• lighthouses • car headlights

Lens – an optical tool that is transparent and refracts light as it passes through it.

A convex lens is a lens that

curves outwards and refracts the

light inward to bring the focal point forward.

Convex lenses can be used to fix far-sightedness by bringing

the focal point forward onto the retina.

A concave lens is a lens that curves inwards and refracts the

light outward to push the focal point

back.

Concave lenses can be used to fix near-sightedness by pushing

the focal point back onto the retina.