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Title: In search of sustainability

Published by: IUCN – Central and West Africa Programme(PACO), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Copyright: 2012, International Union for Conservation ofNature and its resources (IUCN).

The reproduction of this publication for non-commercialand especially educational purposes is permitted withoutprior written authorisation from the copyright holderprovided that the source is clearly acknowledged.

Citation : IUCN-PACO (2012), In Search of Sustainability.Some Outputs of the Execution of the 2009 – 2012Programme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, 44 p.

ISBN : 978-2-8317-1517-9

Design - Printing: Graphi Imprim

Available at IUCN – Central and West Africa Office;01 BP 1618 Ouagadougou 01; Tel.: +226 5036 [email protected] - www.iucn.org/paco

Photos credits Cover:© Hellio - Van IngenInside:P2, 3 © Thomas BachaP4 UICN © Souleymane KonatéP5 UICN © Félicité Mangang, Désiré BakyonoP6 UICN © ASSPCIP7 UICN © INDP ; Frédéric Airaud ; EFAP8 UICN © Ely Ould Mohammed El HadjP9 UICN © El Hadji Ballé SeyeP10 UICN © Alice OnadjaP11 © Désiré Bakyono ; IUCN Photo Library © DanièlePerrot-Maître P13 UICN © Thomas Bacha ; Lacina Koné P14 ONG CEDAP © Jean Louis SandjaP15 UICN © Raïssa NikiémaP16 UICN © Clarisse HonadiaP17 UICN © Drissa SoulamaP18 UICN © Aimé J. NianogoP19 UICN © Chantal WandjaPp20, 21 © Jean-Jacques GoussardP22 © Raïssa Nikiéma P23 UICN © Drissa Soulama ; Clarisse HonadiaP24 UICN © Saadia BobtoyaP25 UICN © Félicité MangangP26 © Hellio - Van IngenPp 27, 28, 29 © Jean-Claude FrisquePp30, 31 © Intu Boedhihartono ; WRI-Cameroun ;Stanislas BilaP33 UICN © Aimé J. NianogoP37 UICN © Félicité Mangang ; Armand Tchoffo ; SafiétouSall

Drafting Committee:

President Prof Aimé Joseph Nianogo

Technical Coordination Jean-Marc GarreauFélicité MangangJacques SomdaAliou Faye

Publishing supportRamata Soré

CONTENTS 3

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Acronyms and abbreviations ......................................................................

Giving environmental education a boost ..................................................

Dialogue and mobilisation for efficient environmental management ...........

Elected officials must be mobilised for the environment ..............................

Watersheds: Efforts for effective water governance ...................................

Evaluate and build the management capacities of protected areas .............

Strategies for environmental policy leverage ...........................................

Sustainable management of natural resources: Civil society and the Statemobilised ..................................................................................................

Integrated management of resources: Mobilising communities ofthe Sirba sub-basin ...................................................................................

Climate change: A tripartite partnership to adapt .......................................

Mobilising Cameroon civil society for REDD+ ............................................

New tools for coastal governance and coastal risks reduction ....................

Climate negotiations: Burkina Faso and Senegal, good learners .................

Making REDD+ acceptable to communities and people ..............................

Integrated wetland management through dialogue .....................................

Large dams in West Africa: Between economic viability, social equity andenvironmental sustainability ......................................................................

Civil Society Organizations, sustainable Natural Resource Management andpolicy reforms in Central Africa ..................................................................

Co-construction: A fishery co-management approach promotedin West Africa .............................................................................................

The IUCN four year Programme: Contributions of Members and experts ofIUCN Commissions ....................................................................................

Implementation of the Programme .............................................................

Human resources ......................................................................................

Communication .........................................................................................

Fundraising ................................................................................................

IUCN – PACO Members ..............................................................................

Vice-presidents of Commissions ................................................................

Financial and technical partners .................................................................

In search of sustainability

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

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AD: Accao Para o DesenvolvientoADEPAG: Association pour le Développement de la Pêche Artisanale deGuinéeAEA: Agence de l’Eau et de l’AssainissementAFD: Agence Française pour le Développement (French DevelopmentAgency)AMCOW: African Ministers Council on WaterAPPEL: Alliance of Parliamentarians and local elected officials forenvironmental protection in West African coastal countriesASSPCI: Association pour la Sauvegarde sociale et la Promotion de laCulture ImraguenAU: African UnionAVCA: Analysis of vulnerability and capacity to adapt to climate changeAWF: African Wildlife Foundation BO: Basin OrganisationCAP: Community Action PlanCARPE: Central Africa Regional Programme for the Environment CDM: Clean Development MechanismCEDAP: Centre de développement agro pastoral de DjoluCEESP: Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social PoliciesCEPIA: Construire Ensemble une gestion des Pêches Intégrant les AMPCI: Conservation internationalCILSS: Comité inter-États de lutte contre la sécheresse au Sahel (Inter-States Committee for the fight against drought in the Sahel) COMIFAC: Central Africa Forest CommissionCOMNACC: National Committee on Climate ChangeCONEDD: Conseil national pour le développement durable (NationalCouncil for Sustainable Development)CoP: Conference of PartiesCREMA: Community Resource Management AreasCREMACO: Regional Committee of IUCN Members in Central and WestAfricaCREPA: Regional Centre for Potable Water and SanitationCristal: Community risk identification tool: adaptation and livelihoodsCRODT: Centre de recherche océanographique de Dakar-ThiaroyeCRS: Catholic Relief ServicesCSLP: Cadre stratégique de lutte contre la pauvreté (StrategicFramework for the fight against poverty)CSRP: Sub-Regional Fisheries CommissionDANIDA: Danish International Development AgencyDIN: Inner Delta of the NigerDRC: Democratic Republic of CongoECCAS: Economic Community of Central African StatesECOWAS: Economic Community of West African StatesEFA: Environmental Foundation for AfricaEoH: Enhance our Heritage ToolkitESARO: Eastern and Southern Africa Regional OfficeFAP: Fonds d’Appui aux projetsFIBA: Fondation internationale du Banc d’ArguinFIP: Forestry Investment ProgrammeGEF: Global Environment FacilityGHG: Greenhouse GasesGIZ: German International Cooperation AgencyGRAMUE: Groupe des amis de l’Unesco et de l’environnementGWI: Global Water InitiativeIBAP: Institut de la biodiversité et des aires protégées (Biodiversity andProtected Areas Institute)ICCN: Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature (CongoleseInstitute for Nature Conservation)IIED : International Institut pour l’environnement et le développementIMROP: Institut mauritanien de recherche océanographique et despêchesINDP: Institut National de Développement des PêchesIUCN: International Union for Conservation of NatureIWRM: Integrated Water Resource ManagementKYB: Komadugu Yobe BasinLCBC: Lake Chad Basin CommissionLLS: Livelihoods and landscapes LWC: Local water CommitteeMACO: Marine and Coastal ProgrammeMAE: Multilateral Agreements on the EnvironmentMETT: Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool)MPA: Marine Protected Area

NBA: Niger Basin AuthorityNCF: Nigerian Conservation FoundationNGO: Non-governmental OrganisationNIWRM: Nigerian Integrated Water Resource Management CommissionNTFP: Non-timber forest productsOSC: Civil Society OrganisationPA: Protected AreaPACEBCo: Support Programme for the conservation of the Congo Basinecosystems PACO: Central and West Africa ProgrammePAGEN: Partenariat pour l’Amélioration de la Gestion des ÉcosystèmesNaturelsPAGEV: Projet d’amélioration de la gouvernance de l’eau dans le bassinde la VoltaPAGIRE: Plan d'action pour la gestion intégrée des ressources en eauPANA: Plan d’action national d’adaptation (National Adaptation ActionPlan)PANE: Plan d’action national pour l’environnement (NationalEnvironmental Action Plan)PAPACO: PACO Protected Areas ProgrammePARCE: Projet d’appui à la restauration et à la conservation desécosystèmesPCVBGE: Projets Conservation et Valorisation de la Biodiversité duGourma et des ÉléphantsPGIRES: Projet de gestion intégrée des ressources en eau du SourouPNBA: Banc d’Arguin National Park PRCM: Regional Coastal and Marine Conservation Programme in WestAfricaPREE: Regional Environmental Education ProgrammePREMI: Poverty Reduction and Environmental Management Initiative PREZOH: Programme Eau et Zones Humides (Water and WetlandsProgramme)PRLEC: Programme régional de lutte contre l’érosion côtièrePSG: Permanent Secretariat GeneralRAPPAM: Rapid Assessment and Prioritization of Protected AreasManagementRBTDS: Réserve de biosphère transfrontière Delta du fleuve Sénégal(Senegal River Delta border Biosphere Reserve)RECOPA: Réseau de communication sur le pastoralismeREDD: Reduction of emissions from deforestation and forestdegradationREDDIN: Réhabilitation des Ecosystèmes Dégradés du Delta Intérieurdu NigerREPES: Réseau des parlementaires pour la protection del’environnement au SénégalROCA: Regional Office for Central Africa ROWA: Regional Office for West AfricaRTP: Regional Thematic ProgrammesSESA: Strategic Environmental and Social AssessmentSIDA: Swedish International Development AgencySRBDA: Senegal River Basin Development Authority (Organisation pourla mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal)TOPSECAC: Tool kit for Planning, monitoring and evaluation of climatechange adaptation capacities TRIDOM: Tri-National DJA-ODZALA-MINKEBEUNDP: United Nations Development ProgrammeUNEP: United Nations Environment ProgrammeUNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate ChangeUNIVERE: Union des Volontaires pour Education Relative àl’EnvironnementUNOPS: United Nations Office for Projects ServicesUSAID: United States Agency for International DevelopmentVBA: Volta Basin AuthorityWANI: Water and Nature InitiativeWAPP: West African Power Pool WB: World BankWCPA: World Commission on Protected AreasWCS: Wildlife Conservation Society WRCC: Water Resources Coordination CentreWWF: World Wide Fund for Nature

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Elan of Derby in Bandia Reserve in Senegal

The period 2009-2012 has a double meaning for the West and CentralAfrica Programme (PACO), one of the eight regional offices of IUCNworldwide. Firstly, it is more or less the first steps of PACO, since it wasestablished in mid 2008, from the regional offices for Central Africa (BRAC)and West Africa (BRAO) at the time. Secondly it represents the period ofimplementation of the four-year programme adopted in 2008 in Barcelonaby the IUCN Congress.

This outcome is thus, a look at progress made in the construction of PACO.It particularly takes stock of progress made in terms of achieving the setambitions of the 2009 – 2012 programme, development of partnership;structuring relations between the Secretariat, IUCN Members andCommissions, and technical outputs. It illustrates more than it seeks to becomprehensive, especially as a comprehensive document would be muchless friendly and because although the IUCN Programme has in principle a4-year time span, action is necessarily on-going and does not stop at theend of a given programme. It is however timely since a new four-yearprogramme will be on the table of IUCN members for adoption at the JejuCongress, in September 2012.

Once the 2013-2016 programme is adopted, it will be dealt with moreserenely by PACO given that the exercise of achieving the outputs of theprevious four years helped us to equip ourselves in a better way: to workmore effectively on the essentials and thus contribute even more concretelyto the making of a just world that values and conserves nature.

Prof Aimé J. Nianogo


TAKING STOCK TO BUILD A BETTER FUTURE

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Handing over a better environment to future generationsrequires changing attitudes and behaviours. It is on thebasis of this observation that the coalition of actorsinvolved in the conservation of the coastal and marinezone of West Africa has included environmental educationin its strategic work. After three years of intervention, a newmomentum was created to promote environmentaleducation in the coastal countries of West Africa. Thisdynamic aims to teach young people about issues relatedto the conservation of wildlife resources of the coastal zoneof West Africa.

The Regional Environmental Education Programme(PREE) initiated by IUCN from Guinea Bissau hasmobilised national structures, local education, andcommunity outreach organizations. These organizationshave thus handed over to younger generations elements toenable them understand issues related to the conservationof the coastal zone heritage of West Africa. Mauritania,Sierra Leone, Cape Verde, Senegal, Gambia, GuineaBissau and Guinea are engaged in the production ofteaching tools and reviewing their educational policies.This engagement seeks to mainstream the teaching ofeducational and socio-cultural values of coastal andmarine areas, and the risks associated with theirdegradation.

Active educators

Since 2008, the PREE has supported eight environmentaleducation projects in the seven coastal countries of theRegional Coastal and Marine Conservation Programme inWest Africa (PRCM). These projects, managed by localorganizations, helped to educate children about coastalenvironmental problems, to train teachers and to pushforward the implementation of environmental actionprojects for educational purposes (reforestation, mangroverestoration, improved stoves, solar salt production,nurseries, school gardens etc.). These projects wereexecuted by the following national organizations: INDP(Cape Verde), ASSPCI (Mauritania), UNIVERE (Senegal),Stay Green Foundation (Gambia), AD and Palmeirinha(Guinea Bissau), ADEPAG (Guinea) and EnvironmentalFoundation for Africa (Sierra Leone).

The involvement of these organizations helped to educateor train more than 1,700 adults. Also, 6,200 studentsspread across the seven countries of PREE were involvedin educational projects with environmental mandates.These local projects helped train over 300 teachers oncoastal environmental issues. Consequently, they haveappropriated pedagogical approaches to exploreecosystems, brainstorm on threats and degradations, andguide children to protect these environments. In turn,young educated people mobilized themselves to takeaction for the conservation or sustainable management ofnatural resources such as monitoring nestling sites of seaturtles, reforestation of degraded mangroves, and buildingof improved stoves or facilitation of nature clubs in schools.

Appropriate teaching tools

In order to facilitate access to relevant information onenvironmental education, PREE actors (States, nationaland international NGOs involved in environmentaleducation, etc...) have invested in the production ofteaching tools. These tools have been translated into thefour official languages of the West African sub-region(French, English, Portuguese and Arabic). These teachingtools designed for use by teachers, facilitators andtechnicians of associations as well as the staff of protectedareas were distributed in the seven countries. The Book ofKnowledge: Exploring the West African coast is the first ofits kind. It describes the coast with its diverse habitats,wildlife and flora. The book also analyzes the impacts ofmajor human activities (fishing, urbanization, pollution,industry, tourism) on the marine and coastal environment.A teaching guide complements it. More than ten thousandcopies of this guide meant for teachers and facilitators ofenvironmental education sessions have been distributed inthe PREE countries. It is divided into thematic sections on

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GIVING ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION A BOOST Frédéric Airauda, Pierre Campredonb

aProgramme Officer, IUCN Guinea Bissau bTechnical Adviser, IUCN Guinea Bissau

Nature visual arts in Mauritania

coastal management, fisheries, shellfish, tourism,pollution, climate change, mining, oil, protected areas andspecies and wetlands. The various teaching tools havebecome reference documents for environmental educationprofessionals in the coastal zone of West Africa.

Challenges to overcome

In order to consolidate these achievements and ensuresustainability of its actions, PREE has involvedstakeholders in curriculum development in the sevencountries. The involvement of these actors is to outline thepriorities and strategies for mainstreaming environmentaleducation into curricula. In this area, PREE has receivedstrong political support from the ministries concerned. Forexample, Mr. Artur Silva, Minister of Education in Guinea

Bissau, has been a champion of environmental educationin his country. He defended a bill on EE before the NationalAssembly. Better still, he is trying to convince hiscounterparts in the coastal countries of the sub-region tomainstream environmental education in school curricula.

Actors involved in PREE hope that their efforts willstrengthen the conservation and sustainable managementof natural resources. For them, the combination ofinitiatives will enable West African youths to choose wisestrategies in the exploitation of the natural resources of theWest African coast.

The MAVA Foundation and Netherlands - Spain bilateralcooperation funded the youth education initiative from2008 to 2012.


7Discovery of the coast in Guinea Bissau

Releases of Young turtlesChildren with in Cape Verde Visit by children in

Sierra Leone

Optimal and sustainable use of natural resources in line withthe socio-economic development ambitions is a majorchallenge in Mauritania. In a country where it is difficult toprioritise development priorities, this challenge may seemunattainable. IUCN is taking action within the framework ofvarious reference strategies of Mauritania. These strategiesare the National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP), theThird Phase of the Fisheries Sector Action Plan (2011-2015)and the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP). IUCNactions have obtained several outputs.

For example, Mauritania and Senegal have validated thetransboundary governance system of the TransboundaryBiosphere Reserve of the Senegal River Delta (RBTDS). Thissystem, developed with support from experts from theCommission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policies(CEESP) of IUCN, aims to promote a fair sharing of thepotential of this ecological landscape. The momentum hasfostered collaboration with other promisingprojects investing in the area ofconservation. This collaboration hastaken place with the SpanishCooperation through the supportproject for the restoration andconservation of ecosystems(PARCE), IPADE-FundaciónPara El Desarrollo andCOMPACT Programme –Community ManagementProgramme for theConservation of ProtectedAreas SGP/GEF. TheGerman developmentcooperation through GIZ wasalso part of this partnership.The organization of SenegalRiver Delta border BiosphereReserve (RBTDS) Days in 2012was also an opportunity to launch theprocess of updating the managementplan.

IUCN has contributed to the technical development andvalidation of the management plan of mullet fisheries inMauritania. A similar plan is under validation in Senegal.The Commission on transboundary pelagic stock for fishtypes such as mullet, croaker and bluefish has beenrecognized as the sub-regional body for the harmonizationand monitoring of management agreements.

Facilitating collaboration between the Mauritanian Instituteof Oceanographic Research and Fisheries (IMROP) and theCentre for Oceanographic Research of Dakar-Thiaroye(CORDT) has made it possible to cover various topicsrelated to the eco-biology of species. This partnership hasprovided fertile ground for data sharing. In terms of actors,158 women involved in fish processing were trained inSenegal and Mauritania to improve the quality of theirproducts.

In Mauritania, the authorities of the Nouadhibou regionhave modified their land management plan to include landuse planning and conservation of Etoile Bay. This outputwas attained through awareness raising and researchcarried out within the framework of the guidance andMonitoring Commission of the coastal developmentDirectorate of the Etoile Bay created in 2010.

New partnerships have been developed for thebenefit of the Government and the people of

Mauritania and the sub-region. In April2009 for example, the independent

scientific panel on oil and gas1

operations in the IslamicRepublic of Mauritania maderecommendations. Itrecommended that theUniversities of Nouakchott inMauritania and GastonBerger of Saint-Louis inSenegal should togetherinstitute a Masters inmanagement of extractive

activities for development.This Masters will take effect in

2012. In the same vein, UNDP,GIZ, WWF and IUCN have

pledged to support efforts by theMauritanian Government to

strengthen its ability to act, its financialand legislative instruments aimed at

protecting and conserving marine and coastalbiodiversity and partnering with the oil and gas industries.

IUCN has promoted dialogue and mobilized internationalexpertise to support Mauritania in its efforts in thesustainable management of natural resources both atnational and transnational levels. The results obtained havehighlighted the importance of political aspects,transboundary dimensions, shared governance and trainingin the field of sustainable management of natural resources.

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DIALOGUE AND MOBILISATIONFOR EFFICIENT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTEly Ould Mohamed El Hadja

aProgramme Officer, IUCN Mauritania

1 Geert van Vliet, Géraud Magrin, Bopp van Dessel, Lucien Chabason, 2009. Panel scientifique indépendant sur les activitéspétrolières et gazières en République Islamique de Mauritanie. Final Report, 8 April 2009. IUCN Mauritania, 70 pages

Representation of childrenduring RBTDS Days

Since 2008, parliamentarians and local elected officialscollaborated on building a common vision of the coastal andmarine zone of West Africa. Brought together under the Allianceof Parliamentarians and Local councillors for EnvironmentalProtection of the coastal countries of West Africa (APPEL), theseelected officials contribute in the improvement of environmentalgovernance. With the assistance of IUCN and the PRCM, theyenabled the ratification of multilateral environmental agreements(MEAs) and the drafting of new laws on coastal management.

Reconstructing coastal law

In Senegal, the bulk of economic, social and cultural activities arelocated on the coast. This situation requires the identification oflegal rules, capable of regulating use of the coast. In thisperspective, the Network of Parliamentarians for EnvironmentalProtection in Senegal (REPES), committed itself to supporting theSenegalese Government in a wide consultation process tointroduce legislation capable of ensuring the protection of coastaland marine areas. Close to 70% of Senegal's population dependson these coastal and marine areas.

Since 2010, IUCN, REPES and APPEL support consultationsorganized in seven administrative regions of the coast (St. Louis,Louga, Thies, Dakar, Fatick, Kaolack and Ziguinchor). Theseconsultations have so far brought together a wide spectrum ofactors including regional administrative authorities, technicians ofexternal services of the State, tourism operators, fisheries andfish processing organizations, those in the agro-pastoral sector,and civil society associations. In all, close to four hundredstakeholders and coast users were consulted. During theconsultations, they stressed the importance of co-management ofthe coast by local elected officials, stakeholders and users.Another point that they highlighted is that sanctions provided forsometimes irreversible damage caused to the environment arenot harsh. According to these stakeholders, free access to thesea must be a right for all. As a result, they hope that clearprinciples will be adopted concerning sustainable use of naturalresources of the coast and its conservation. For them, directingeconomic activities in coastal areas (construction, tourism,fisheries, aquaculture and maritime activities) is very necessary.Besides this, they believe that implementation of nationalstrategies and systematization of environmental assessments areimportant. Also, they must be accompanied by effectivemonitoring and control mechanisms.

Following the various consultations, Senegaleseparliamentarians committed themselves to educate theircollaborators and colleagues. For them, this mobilization will allowa massive vote for the law on coastal protection as well asmonitoring its implementation.

Promoting the ratification of environmental conventions

Coastal countries of West Africa have not ratified all internationalconventions on the environment. Neither have they adopted theimplementation instruments of these international treaties andconventions. In the face of their responsibilities, parliamentariansin these countries, however, contributed to filling the gaps. Theyeven worked to strengthen the legislative arsenal onenvironmental and natural resource management.

For example, Guinea Bissau and Mauritania have ratified theAbidjan Convention for cooperation in the protection anddevelopment of the marine and coastal environment in West andCentral Africa. Mauritania also wants to adopt a law on "marinepollution". Mauritania has also embarked on a parliamentaryprocedure to ratify the agreement on migratory birds, which is partof the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species.Guinea Bissau has also ratified the Marpol2 Convention on thePrevention of Pollution from Ships. The country has also adopted"a basic law on the environment." As for Senegal, it is preparinga law on the coast.

Other similar initiatives are planned in Cape Verde such as abasic law on the environment. In Senegal, it is the case with theharmonization of texts for protected area management. In SierraLeone, there is the new mining law. At regional level, ratificationof the Regional Charter for Sustainable Management ofMangroves and the Convention on the Minimum Conditions forAccess to Fishery Resources are underway.

Besides these actions, parliamentarians and local elected officialsof the regional APPEL network have focused on theimplementation of environmental policies and legislation throughappeals, advocacy and lobbying. Thus, training sessions onfisheries, hydrocarbons, mangroves, the Common FisheriesPolicy of the European Union, mining, wetlands and coastalmanagement, as well as the various site visits made to protectedareas, provided parliamentarians an opportunity to appeal to thegovernment. The latter was made aware of the shortfallsidentified in the implementation of environmental policies, such asweak law enforcement in the extractive industries, poormanagement of protected areas, inadequate means of controllingand monitoring fishing grounds, lack of transparency in thesigning of fishery agreements, etc. Thus, since 2009, APPEL hasbeen playing a prominent role in coastal protection.


FOR THE ENVIRONMENT,ELECTED OFFICIALS MUST BEMOBILISEDRacine Kanea, Oumar Syb, El Hadji Ballé Seyec

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2 Marpol is the international convention for the prevention of pollution from ships, adopted in 1973 and amended by a protocol in 1978.

aHead of Mission IUCN SenegalbSupport Programme Officer to the Regional Parliamentarians’ Network cSupport Project Manager to the Parliamentarians’ Network

In the centre, Hon Mamadou Lamine Thiam, President ofAPPEL, facilitating a meeting

Located in West Africa, the Volta Basin covers a surfacearea of 400,000 km2. It is shared by Burkina Faso, Ghana,Togo, Benin, Mali and the Ivory Coast. Management of thenatural resources of the basin faces some challenges bothfor transboundary cooperation and for the livelihoods ofpeople living there.

The project to improve water governance in the Volta Basin(PAGEV), is a joint action of IUCN, States that share thebasin and the Global Water Partnership-West Africa.Initially (2004-2008), the project focused on Burkina Fasoand Ghana, which together own over 85% of the total basinarea. The objective was to adopt key principles on watermanagement and institute coordination mechanismsbetween various countries. Intervention was extended toTogo during the second phase (2009-2012) which wasspecifically designed to consolidate progress madethrough (i) promotion of tools that help support dialogueand conservation of ecosystems and (ii) consolidation ofwater governance mechanisms. Emphasis during thisphase focused on improving the capacity of nationalinstitutions (Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo) and the VoltaBasin Authority (VBA).

PAGEV has achieved many outputs:

n Knowledge of the basin's resources has increasedand a Code of Conduct for the sustainable andequitable management of water resources wasadopted.

n Local and transboundary governance has improvedthrough more functional institutional mechanisms:multi-actor consultation forums, more participatorydecision-making process, empowering technicalservices to monitor field activities, promoting cross-border cooperation with the involvement of Togo.

n Tools for planning, monitoring and evaluation ofadaptation capacities to climate change at local andtransboundary levels were promoted.

n A contribution was made in the development andadoption of the 2010-2014 Strategic Plan of the VBA.

n The livelihoods of people have improved: improvedliving conditions in the target villages through theprovision of drinking water, promotion of incomegenerating activities (with incomes of up to 300Euros per household in Burkina Faso in 2010 for theproduction of onions at the community level ofintervention); carrying out of river bank protectionactions along more than 30 km.

PAGEV now intends to extend its action to a wider scale inthe Volta Basin and to promote the formulation andadoption of a charter on the basin’s water. It also plans tosupport the implementation of the 2010-2014 StrategicPlan of the VBA.

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WATERSHEDSEFFORTS TOWARD EFFECTIVE WATER GOVERNANCEOusmane Dialloa

aCoordinator of the Regional Water and Wetlands Programme

In 2000, thanks to financial support from the Netherlands, IUCN established a global initiative for water and nature calledthe Water and Nature Initiative (WANI). This initiative is a response to the global agenda on water recorded in Agenda 21adopted at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. It promotes the ecosystem approach in planning for water basinmanagement. WANI acts as a catalyst for action and has contributed especially in improving governance andtransboundary cooperation in two water basins in West Africa: Volta and Komadugu Yobe (KYB).

WATER GOVERNANCE IN THE VOLTA BASIN

Awareness meeting on bank protection in Salpiga, Ghana

The Komadugu Yobe Basin (KYB) is a sub-basin of LakeChad. It drains northern Nigeria and south-eastern Niger. Itis an area with great poverty where water flow has droppedsignificantly. This decrease is due to the combined effectsof the construction of the Tiga and Challawa Gorge damsin Kano State in Nigeria since the 1970s, with large scalecollection of water for irrigation and to climate change.Consequently, the rivers have been seriously degradedand the livelihoods of the populations reduced. Lack ofcoordination between the six Federal States (Bauchi,Borno, Jigawa, Kano, Plateau and Yobe) that share thebasin has exacerbated the difficulties mentioned above.

The KYB project is a joint response to this situation by theFederal Government of Nigeria, the Nigerian ConservationFoundation (NCF) and IUCN. After the first phase of theproject (2005-2008), the institutional framework for waterresource management in the KYB has improved thanks toa participatory approach. This approach encouragedconsensus on water management principles and rules. Inaddition, an institutionalized consultation and coordinationmechanism were established.

The second phase of the KYB project is still ongoing(2009-2013). It aims to consolidate the achievements ofPhase 1, and catalyze behaviour change in themanagement of water resources in Nigeria.

For now, progress made included the establishment ineach state of an integrated water resource management(IWRM) committee. This committee should facilitate thedevelopment and adoption of a management plan and acharter on the water basin. There was also a substantialrestoration of flow in the downstream part, improving earlyalerts on floods and promoting (nearly 90%) reduction ofthe conflicts. Furthermore, the Nigerian FederalGovernment and the six States concerned have set up atrust fund of $13 million, with the aim of eventually reaching$125 million to finance the implementation of themanagement plan.

The KYB project now wants to replicate its outputs insideNigeria and at the level of the Lake Chad Basin. Thisobjective will be pursued in collaboration with the NigerianIWRM promotion Commission (NIWRM), an institutionrecently created by the Federal Government, the LakeChad Basin Committee and ECOWAS.


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LAND AND WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE KOMADUGU-YOBE BASIN

Users of the White Volta in Ghana

Children at a well in a village in theKomadugu-Yobe in Northern Nigeria

With the current global environmental crisis in the backdrop,protected areas (PAs) have emerged as one of the mosteffective adaptation strategies. Their preservation hasbecome a major political, cultural, economic and ecologicalchallenge both in the North and the South.

West and Central African countries are particularlyconcerned by these challenges. Their development is basedon the exploitation of biological resources. This is probablywhy the biodiversity crisis will particularly have an impact onthem. The role of protected areas makes a lot of sense, sincethey are now concentrating mostly on existing biodiversity.

However, despite the significant increase in surface areasdevoted to biodiversity conservation in Central and WestAfrica and the resources devoted to their management,biodiversity continues to decline at an alarming rate. The mainreason for this situation, recognized since 1997 by the WorldCommission on Protected Areas (WCPA) of IUCN, is the lackof effective management of protected areas. Since 2003, theProtected Areas Programme (PAPACO) has carried out amajor project to assess the effectiveness of protected areamanagement and training of stakeholders.

Practically all countries of the sub-region are working toexpand their networks of protected areas. This implies thatthey recognize the value and relevance of the existence ofthese areas. The 2,600 protected areas found in West Africatotal over 1,100,000 square kilometres, or nearly 8.8% of thetotal area of the sub-region. However, a recent studyindicates 85% decrease in the diversity of large mammals inWest African PAs since 1970 (Fig. 1)

Reversing the trend

In order to reverse this trend, PAPACO chose to work atdifferent complementary levels. At the national level, itentailed accompanying structural changes necessary tochanging PA management methods. At the level of parksnetworks, or on transboundary sites, it was required thatsynergies and coherence of initiatives be strengthened,with particular attention on the network of World Heritagesites. Finally, coordination and harmonization of activitiessupplemented arrangements at regional level, throughcrosscutting projects such as capacity building,governance and evaluation of the effectiveness ofprotected area management.

The effectiveness of PA management evaluated

The evaluation of the effectiveness of PA management haslong been at the centre of PAPACO interventions. Theframework for evaluating the effectiveness of protected areamanagement of the CMAP (Fig. 2) and three majorinternationally3 recognized tools were adapted to the WestAfrican sub-regional context. The evaluation of sites andnational PAs systems helped put in place simple monitoringand evaluation systems for methods of managing varioustypes of PAs. It has also trained more than eighty "peers" inthe region who participated in the conduct of theseevaluations.

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EVALUATE AND STRENGTHENTHE MANAGEMENT CAPACITIES OF PROTECTED AREASSouleymane Konatéa, Béatrice Châtaignerb

aDeputy Coordinator of PAPACObProgramme Officer of PAPACO

Figure 1: Index of populations of large mammals of African protectedareas in the course of time. Aggregate data from chronological serieson 583 populations from 78 PAs

Figure 2: WCPA framework for evaluating protected area managementeffectiveness (from Hocking et al. 2006)

3 This is the RAPPAM ( Rapid Assessment and Prioritization of Protected Areas Management)(Leverington et al. 2010) ; METT, Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool) and EoH ( Enhanceour Heritage Toolkit).

Some of these evaluations have yielded concrete results.Thus Ghana has revised some of its PA management plans.In Ivory Coast, one of the key results was determining andexecuting small projects with the creation of the TanoéMarais forest. In Burkina Faso, the Deux Bale Park wasrehabilitated. Also, Guinea Bissau made an inventory of itsmammals.

More competent managers

The pressing need for training and capacity building ofmanagers in the face of new environmental challengesemerged as a key finding of the evaluation of protectedareas. The PAPACO has started to train a new type of PAmanager and biodiversity user. The managers are offeredrefresher courses and a regional Masters program. ThisMasters degree is organized in collaboration with theSenghor University of Alexandria in Egypt and the CheikhAnta Diop University of Dakar in Senegal. Some sixty PAmanagers and users of biodiversity from a dozen countriesin West Africa have already graduated with universitydegrees in PA management. Some of them are holdingpositions of responsibility and are therefore likely toinfluence decisions on conservation and protection ofprotected areas.

Stimulating management

In a bid to improve PA management, IUCN has also carriedout studies on relevant subjects and seeks to developinnovative solutions for more efficient management ofparks. Small projects help to test these new solutions,often with civil society environmental organizations. Theseexperiences and knowledge gained in the sub-region arethen summarized and widely disseminated through aproactive communication strategy (e.g. website, monthlynewsletter, movie on equity, translation of IUCNguidelines...).

For more information go to: www.iucn.org/papaco


13Auditors of the first edition in 2011, of the University Diploma on capacity building in protected areamanagement, organized in partnership with the Senghor University

Elephant in gazetted forest and Nazinga Game Ranch

The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is charting itsway between its ambition for economic emergence and theneed to conserve its biodiversity. Established in Kinshasasince 2006, the IUCN Country Programme is assisting inthe strengthening of the country’s environmentalgovernance mechanism.

IUCN assistance focuses on the setting up of platformswhere actors from various backgrounds discuss, plan,monitor and make recommendations on improvinggovernance of natural resources.

Thus, the country team established under the CentralAfrica Regional Programme for Environment (CARPE),meets periodically with field stakeholders and nationalinstitutions to create and follow an agenda to improvenational environmental laws and policies. Similarly,conservation actors meet periodically at the CongoleseInstitute for Nature Conservation (ICCN), an IUCNMember, to discuss topical technical issues. Finally, theNational Working Group established for theimplementation of the Great Apes Conservation Strategyhas been revived.

IUCN has also taken an active part in actions such as theenactment of enabling instruments of the Forestry Code ofthe DRC; national consultation on the framework law onthe environment, with support from the IUCNEnvironmental Law Centre; promoting the directparticipation of indigenous and local communitiesrepresentatives in the inter-ministerial commissionreviewing logging contracts, and the preparation of someindigenous communities for their efficient participation inthe International Forum of Indigenous Peoples of CentralAfrica held in Impfondo (Congo) in 2011.

Finally, IUCN facilitated the development of a managementplan for the Garamba National Park located in eastern partof DRC, which has the advantage of involving localcommunities. In addition, IUCN facilitated the formulationof a strategy for resettlement of people and communitiesliving within the Kahuzi Biega National Park, in accordancewith the law and international principles on the rights ofindigenous communities.

These achievements, modest as they are, contribute tobiodiversity conservation and protection in the DemocraticRepublic of Congo.

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STRATEGIES TO INFLUENCE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICYBrigitte Kapingaa, Serge Ombab, Joël Kiyuluc, Toussaint Molenged

aHead of Programme, IUCN-DRCbCoordinator of ARCUS ProjectcConsultant in charge of AFD ProjectsdCARPE Focal Point

Djolu forest in the Ecuador Province – DRC

In Burkina Faso, IUCN has stepped up its support for theimplementation of national and international policies on theconservation and sustainable use of natural resourcesduring the period 2009-2012, in a context of awarenessraising on the negative effects of climate variability andchange. This support represents the combined efforts ofexperts from IUCN Commissions, the State and civilsociety organizations. They have received support fromseveral financial partners (Danish, Swedish and DutchCooperation, United Nations specialized agencies, GlobalEnvironment Facility, Howard G. Buffett Foundation). Theyalso fall in line with the transformation of the vision4 andmission5 of the Union. Through these concerted efforts,some outputs have been achieved with regards topromoting the sustainable management of naturalresources.

The objectives for the period were to promote an enablingenvironment for concerted management of transboundaryresources, participatory governance of protected areas forwildlife and forest landscapes protection, and restoration ofecosystem integrity.

The main phases were:n Acquisition and/or dissemination of reference

scientific data (identification of ecological blocks,feasibility study of corridors and village areas forconservation, evaluations of protected areamanagement, strengthening the financial andtechnical capacities of management bodies,participation in the production of a biodiversity atlasof Burkina Faso, etc.);

n Information, communication and training of actors ongood ecosystem management standards;

n A multi-actor (State institutions, farmer organizations,civil society organizations, traditional authorities,communities) and inter-sectorial dialogue (territorialadministration, security, environment, agriculture,livestock, water);

n Support for the development of management tools(management plans, manual of procedures, legalguide);

n Support for the improvement of economic viability ofecosystem enhancement arrangements (woodenergy, forest taxation, micro grants for sustainableenhancement of Non Timber Forest Products -NTFP);


SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES MOBILIZING CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE STATEMoumini Savadogoa

15aHead of Programme, IUCN-Burkina Faso

4 IUCN vision: A just world that values and conserves nature;

5 IUCN mission: Influence, encourage and help world societies to conserve the integrity of and diversity of nature and ensure that anyuse of natural resources is equitable and ecologically sustainable.

Launch of the reforestation campaign ofthe Central-East Region, Burkina Faso

Thus:n Three neighbouring councils (Bissiga, Lalgaye and

Tenkodogo) have agreed to jointly manage the inter-council forest of Sablogo that they share in central-eastern Burkina Faso. This process has also helpedfree almost 10,000 ha previously threatened by theagricultural front, to be used as a forest managementmodel. To this end, a management plan, a manual ofprocedures and a legal guide were developed basedon available knowledge (ecological and socio-economic). These tools which are designed tofacilitate decentralized governance of resources inthis part of the country also serve as a reference forsixteen councils, members of the association offorest councils of the country, in their gazettementprojects and management of community forests.

n Mechanisms for concerted management oftransboundary biological corridors were identified: atlandscape level including the Kaboré Tambi NationalPark and Nazinga Game Ranch (Burkina Faso) andMole National Park (Ghana); at landscape levelincluding Gourma Elephant Reserve (Mali) and thePartial Wildlife Reserve of Sahel (Burkina Faso), and

at the level of the complex of protected areas of W(Benin-Burkina Faso-Niger), of Arly (Burkina Faso)and of Pendjari (Benin). Burkina Faso and Ghanasigned a formal agreement for concertedmanagement of shared natural resources, and asimilar project is under discussion between BurkinaFaso and Mali. These initiatives are now included inthe agendas of mixed commissions for bilateralcooperation.

n The drive for conservation of initial forest areas underdevelopment of the central-west and central-north ofthe country have been strengthened, despite theneed for farm and pastoral lands. This developmentis partly due to the improvement of their socio-economic contributions to the livelihoods of localcommunities. The direct contribution of forestproducts in the average annual income ofhouseholds in the central-west for example isestimated at 22.51% (women) and 26.36% (men) forexploitation of fuel wood and 9.27% (Men) and17.66% (women) for non-timber forest products6.

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6 Kimsé Ouedraogo et al. 2004 : Energies traditionnelles au Burkina Faso. Etudes sur le bois énergie. UICN Burkina Faso ;Alphonse M. Kabré et al, 2009: Bois énergie au Burkina Faso : consolidation des moyens d’existence (2006-2009). UICN Burkina Faso

Clusters of pods of Néré


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INTEGRATED RESOURCE MANAGEMENTMOBILISATION OF COMMUNITIES IN THE SIRBA SUB-BASINPar Moumini Savadogoa

aHead of Programme, IUCN Burkina Faso

IUCN, in collaboration with theCatholic Relief Services (CRS),the communication network onpastoralism (RECOPA), theTINTUA Association, the Waterand Sanitation Agency (WSS)(former CREPA), has since2009 been implementing GlobalWater Initiative (GWI), fundedby the Howard G. BuffetFoundation. This initiative aimsto guarantee eventual access todrinking water and sanitation,as well as the protection andmanagement of ecosystem andwater basin services for thebenefit of the poorest and mostvulnerable. The initiative isimplemented in the Sirba sub-basin, which is a tributary ofthe Niger River. This is a watershed area affected by sixcouncils (Liptougou in the province of Gnagna; Mansilaand Boundoré in the province of Yagha; Gayéri,Bartiébougou and Foutouri in the province of Komandjari).

For the period concerned, actions were geared mostlytoward developing and supporting natural resourcegovernance structures and/or local agencies; these includeconsultation forums, good governance around waterpoints, learning frameworks such as community platformsfor boulis management, and local water committees (CLE),particularly the Queue in the Sirba sub-basin.

The consortium has used management, animation andeducation tools adapted to the management of naturalresources such as Community Action Plans for IWRM(CAP-IWRM) which are records of priority activitiesplanned by the communities. This approach helpedachieve the following key outputs:

n Functioning of water resource advisory andmanagement bodies in the Eastern Region throughbetter understanding of IWRM texts and instruments,and the role of local water committees (CLE) in theinstitutional mechanism of water management;

n Reducing pressure on water points and thereforepotential conflicts between users with the start of theoperations of community management platformsboulis;

n Increasing knowledge on well water quality in theSirba sub-basin. We thus note that over 90% ofboreholes provide water of good quality in terms ofphysicochemical parameters;

n Improving local water resource managementpractices. However, it was revealed that thefunctioning of management boards and committeesis strongly inhibited by illiteracy, ignorance of lawsand little attention paid to gender (small number ofwomen in decision-making positions).

IUCN and its partners worked during the 2009-2012 periodin an approach of inclusive stakeholders of the watersector of the eastern region. After four years, it can beaffirmed that the actions have enabled: (i) capacity buildingand empowerment of grassroots communities as well astechnical structures that manage water resources, (ii)laying the foundations for good governance of waterresources in the eastern region.

Visit of a borehole in Bina Village by members of the steering committee

One of the objectives of IUCN support in the area ofclimate change is to enable civil society to effectivelycontribute to the implementation of the nationalaction plan on climate change adaptation. This isdone through actions for a better understanding ofconcepts (vulnerability, climate change, adaptation,REDD, CDM), organizational capacity building,knowledge and promoting good adaptationpractices, taking into consideration climate changein projects and programmes of partners andeffective participation in international forums andconventions.

The approach was based on:

n Promotion of tools for analyzing thevulnerability of communities such as Crystal8

and ACVA9 which formed the basis for capacitybuilding of partners (State services and civilsociety) to enable a better understanding andconsideration of climate change in projectsand programmes;

n Promotion of tools for Planning, Monitoring andEvaluation of Capacities of Climate ChangeAdaptation (TOPSECAC) which helpedstrengthen the capacity of institutionsresponsible for development planning and otherstakeholders to mainstream climate change inRegional and Council Development Plans;

n Provision of small grants for concrete adaptationactivities;

n Support for the development of variousplatforms for action and strengthening ofplanning mechanisms.

This approach made operational three bodies fordiscussion and concerted action:

n The Civil Society Organizations (CSOs)Coalition on climate change;

n The platform on gender advocacy, land tenureand climate change;

n National and regional information anddiscussion workshops on climate change andadaptation best practices organized throughoutthe country.

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CLIMATE CHANGEA TRIPARTITE7 PARTNERSHIP TO ADAPTPar Moumini Savadogoa

aHead of Programme, IUCN Burkina Faso

7 Etat, société civil, organisations communautaire et UICN8 Outil d’identification des risques au niveau communautaire : adaptation et moyens d’existence9 Analyse de la vulnérabilité et de la capacité d’adaptation au changement climatique

With this approach, IUCN has contributed in the implementation ofthe Burkina Faso climate change programme through the sharing ofexperiences and lessons learned and strategic choices of aprogrammatic National Action Plan for Adaptation (NAPA) and anational REDD strategy / Forest Investment Programme (FIP).

Specific contributions include:

n Generating reliable knowledge and innovative solutions to climatechallenges that are contained in research reports and audio, videoand catalogue (http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/catalogue.pdf)on good endogenous practices to adapt to climate change andvariability.

n Capacity building and empowerment. The capacity building ofboth civil society organizations and State structures has led toa better understanding of climate change and its inclusion inthe development of community projects.

n Strengthening aspects of governance: adopting newbehaviours toward the changing climate is heavily dependenton legal and policy frameworks, and effective governancesystems, based on rational knowledge.

n Real adaptation of communities and civil society organizationsto climate change effected in eight regions (Central-East,Central-West, Sahel, North, Cascades, Hauts-bassins,Central-South and East) through nearly fifty community micro-projects on adaptation to climate change, benefiting more thanten thousand people.

Burkina Faso delegation at the Rio +20 Conference

Since 2009, Cameroon is engaged in the process ofpreparing the REDD+ mechanism. The first phase is todevelop and submit for approval its REDD+ PreparednessPlan (R-PP). In order to go through this phase, the countryfaces the challenge of creating a coherent framework forstakeholder participation. In fact, the national REDD+strategy that will emerge should reflect the aspirations ofall stakeholders. The creation of multi-stakeholderconsultation frameworks and the promotion of equitableparticipation are the cornerstones of technical support ofIUCN to the national REDD process in Cameroon. This iswhat has been done through the project "Towards Pro-Poor REDD+" funded by DANIDA (Danish Cooperation).

IUCN has facilitated capacity building of civil society,women and indigenous peoples of Cameroon. Trainingand information workshops on the concepts andchallenges of REDD+ were organized and the expectedroles of civil society were discussed. To ensure ownershipby the state of acquired mobilization and structuring of civil

society, annual work plans are developed andimplemented jointly by IUCN and State institutions ofCameroon.

Cameroon now has a national civil society platform onREDD+ and climate change. IUCN has thus contributed tothe emergence of a framework for dialogue involvingnational civil society on REDD+ and climate change. Thisdialogue framework includes representatives from theNational Committee of IUCN in Cameroon. This civilsociety that is often divided by issues of leadership hasmobilized and organized itself to assert their views andthose of marginalized groups in decision-making onREDD+ in Cameroon.

This platform is currently the primary interface betweenGovernment and citizens on REDD. Groups that aremembers of the platform such as the indigenous peoplesof Cameroon have already submitted their writtenproposals in view of the revision of the forestry law.Networks of women and gender organizations are about tosubmit their contributions in view of the revision of thesame law. It is now expected that civil society plays asignificant role in terms of monitoring, documentation andcommunication of the impacts of REDD+ interventions.


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MOBILISING CAMEROON CIVIL SOCIETY FOR REDD+ Léonard Usongoa

aHead of Programme, IUCN Cameroon

Participants at the training workshop for civil society women on gendermainstreaming in the REDD process in Mbalmayo, Cameroon

Children in the Djembe village in Cameroon

Participatory working session with the Djembe community

For several decades, the West African coast haswitnessed extensive coastal erosion. This phenomenonarises from a combination of factors, partly related toclimate change, such as rising sea levels, but mostlyfrom anthropogenic actions. The creation of artificialcoastlines, the degradation of mangroves, lagoons anddunes make the shoreline less stable, and the extractionof materials and the proliferation of dams deprive thecoast of necessary coastal sediment supply, therebyaccelerating their erosion whose main manifestation isthe retreating coastline.

Various initiatives to fight against coastal erosion, suchas the establishment of protective structures of thecoastline, have been tried, with the support of regionalorganizations and the support of development partnersof West African States. However, these initiativesgenerally suffer from a lack of coordination, thussignificantly reducing its effectiveness and extent. Infact, they rarely tackle the root causes of problems.These various elements contribute toward aggravatingthe risks observed, as well as threats to property andpeople's security.

Although the fight against coastal erosion is one of themajor concerns of West African coastal states(Mauritania, Senegal, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Guinea,Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin),few have undertaken extensive work in this area.

Interventions are generally impromptu, triggered bysituations that are already advanced, and do notnecessarily fit into an integrated management of thecoastal zone. As part of its regional fight against coastalerosion (PRLEC), UEMOA entrusted IUCN in 2009 with,carrying out a study on the monitoring of the coastlineand the drawing up of a master plan for the developmentof the West African coast, covering the eleven coastalcountries from Mauritania to Benin.

The conduct of this study involved more than onehundred and thirty resource persons from manyresearch centres, laboratories and academic institutionsin the countries concerned, but also includingorganizations that are IUCN Members (Centre forEcological Monitoring of Dakar and the Coastal PlanningFirm of Guinea Bissau). It has made it possible toundertake a regional diagnosis based on nationalconsultations, case studies, prospective demo-economic and climatic analyses, and the passing from asensitivity analysis of the coast and challenges to mapand prioritize coastal risk. On this basis, an overallmaster plan and a detailed master plan have beenproduced per sector, together with mapping at scale1/500.000.

Prospective analysis for 2020 and 2050 conducted aspart of the study highlighted the strategic importance ofcoastal areas for the development of coastal states, as

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NEW TOOLS

Mathieu Ducrocqa

aCoordinator of the Regional Coastal and Marine Programme

FOR COASTAL GOVERNANCE AND REDUCTION OF COASTAL RISKS

Retreat of the coastline causing gradual destructionof a fragile residential area in Abidjan, Ivory Coast


21

well as the risks related to the increasing concentration ofthe population and human challenges, particularly inurban areas, in particularly fragile environments that areinevitably impacted by rising sea levels. It is clear from thestudy that the total urban population of the coastal area ofthe eleven countries, estimated at 18 million in 2000,could go up to 36 million by 2020 and over 70 million in2050. The current average density of 260 inhabitants/km²would grow considerably, with peaks in excess of 2,000inhabitants/km² in Togo and Benin. If, however, someareas remain unoccupied like in Mauritania or sparselypopulated like in Guinea Bissau and Liberia, the evolutionwill move towards a situation of coastal saturation,particularly in the Gulf of Guinea, accompanied by severeenvironmental degradation and a reduced quality of lifeand habitat of coastal populations.

In order to take into consideration such a context, the workplan associated to the master plan emphasizes, among

other things, (i) knowledge of hazards, coastal challengesand risks, (ii) preparation, networking and capacitybuilding of actors to address the risks, (iii) development ofcoastal areas and climate change mitigation, (iv) coastalrisk management through national and regionalmechanisms to coordinate interventions. Most of therecommendations call for early decisions on a strategicrefocusing of the coastal zone, so as not to leave the wayfor increased future costs related to coastline retreat.

The master plan and work plan, validated in May 2011 byMinisters of Environment of the eleven stakeholderStates, will direct the implementation of the RegionalProgramme to Fight Coastal Erosion of UEMOA, with inthe first place providing funding for the creation of anObservatory of the West African Coastal, which should becoordinated by the Centre for Ecological Monitoring inDakar with support from IUCN.

Erosion control facilities designed to limit the sweeping away of sediments underthe effect of wave energy in Aneho, Benin

West African countries, parties to the United NationsFramework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)and the Kyoto Protocol, regularly attend internationalconferences on climate change. It is recognized that stateactors other than those directly responsible for theenvironment, civil society and the private sector are notsufficiently informed, let alone involved in the process ofpreparing and conducting negotiations. IUCN hasundertaken for the period 2009-2012, to strengthen thetechnical and lobbying capacity of the various categories oflocal, national and regional actors in internationalnegotiations on climate change. This initiative hascontributed to the following outputs.

Various segments of the society involved

In Burkina Faso, IUCN, in collaboration with its Membersand with financial support from the Danish Cooperation,has established a process (studies, consultations,information sharing, workshops, and national forums) onclimate change that includes:

n Establishment of mechanisms for dialogue andsharing of information and experiences at nationallevel involving all relevant stakeholders, includingcivil society.

n Identification of successful experiences inadaptation, and assessment of the status ofimplementation of international decisions by thecountry, and needs for capacity building.

n Structuring civil society contribution in internationalnegotiations and adaptation to climate change:adoption of resolutions for better involvement of allsegments of society; establishment of a uniquecoalition of 97 civil society organizations working inthe field of climate change, capable of defending theinterests of their members and share experiences inthe negotiation process at national, regional andinternational levels.

n Preparing civil society actors to effectively participateat the 15th Conference of Parties (COP15).

In Senegal, a national climate change committee(COMNACC) was established by the State to "manage andmonitor the various activities identified as part of theimplementation of measures to reduce greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions and adaptation to adverse impacts ofclimate change." This committee co-organized with IUCN apreparatory workshop involving the official delegation ofSenegal to Cancun (COP16) to fine-tune the position ofSenegal, which was later validated by the government.IUCN has also mobilized the Parliament, local electedofficials and the Economic and Social Council on thechallenges of climate change. For this purpose, aninformation and awareness day for parliamentarians onClimate Change was held under the chairmanship of thePresident of the National Assembly of Senegal. This"platform" for discussion and information sharing has madeit possible to upgrade parliamentary institutions on theprocess and challenges (globally and locally) of negotiatingfor a new climate regime. It also strengthened the supportof elected officials in the African common position onclimate change negotiations.

The momentum for consultation and sharing has lednational delegations representing the various componentsof the consolidated company to relay reliable information

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CLIMATE NEGOTIATIONSBURKINA FASO AND SENEGAL, GOOD LEARNERSMoumini Savadogoa, Racine Kaneb, Jacques Somdac

aHead of Programme, IUCN Burkina FasobHead of Mission, IUCN-Senegal cProgramme Officer for Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation and Learning

National Civil Society Forum on Climate Change

Women returning from picking green Néré in Burkina Faso


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and successful experiences of other countries in the variousnational institutions. Thus, Burkina Faso, the national coalitionof civil society on climate change, parliamentarians,representatives of peasant organizations and the press tookpart in the 15th (December 2009 in Copenhagen) and 16th

(November-December 2010 in Cancun) COP. In Senegal,IUCN supported the participation of ten parliamentarians andelected officials at the COP15. It also supported theparticipation of the President of the Alliance of parliamentariansand local councillors for the protection of the West Africa coast(APPEL) to Cancun (COP16).

More visible contribution during Conferences of Parties

The momentum for dialogue associated to synergy of actionsduring the preparation and visits of delegations have visiblyincreased countries' contribution to discussions and scientificevents during conferences. In 2009 in Copenhagen, theBurkina Faso Delegation presented cases of good practices ofadaptation to climate risks to its partners. These experienceswere consolidated and shared afresh in the form of a catalogueof good practices for adaptation in Cancun and in the form of adocumentary in Durban (COP17). In Senegal, IUCN madeavailable to plenipotentiaries of the negotiations a "positionpaper" in which the arguments to support the five negotiatingblocs: mitigation, adaptation, technology transfer, funding andshared vision are outlined. The guide, technical support tonegotiators, was widely shared. In addition, IUCN has joinedforces with the national delegation to promote flagshipinitiatives of the sub-region such as the Charter on mangrovesadopted in 2010 by PRCM countries and the Grande MurailleVerte Project which are responses to climate change atcontinental scale. Finally, this type of process contributed togive Africa greater visibility in Durban through the Africanpavilion hosted by both civil society and by government andinter-state agencies.

A woman transplanting shea

Beneficiaries welcoming the completion of the bouli infront of which they pose

The IUCN has over the years been involved in theconservation and sustainable management of forestresources in Ghana. A number of projects have been or arecurrently being implemented. Some of these projectsinvolved developing novel approaches to work with differentstakeholder groups (government, civil societies, privatesector and communities) on forest governance initiatives.These initiatives are geared toward reducing illegal forestpractices, supporting forest landscape restoration, providingtechnical inputs into the development of standards toimprove supply chain of non-timber forest products (forexample Allanblackia). Also, their aim is to contribute to thedevelopment of initiatives designed to reduce emissions fromdeforestation and forest degradation (REDD), etc. Ofparticular importance to IUCN is the Wassa Amenfi district, inthe middle part of the Western Region of Ghana where mostof these projects’ ideas and objectives are being tested andimplemented at the landscape level.

The Wassa Amenfi West district, with a population of about186,000 was selected because of its significant potential forforest and biodiversity conservation. The landscape is about314,000 hectares in size. It consists of a mosaic of forestareas (protected areas, production forest reserves, individualtree plantations) mixed with cocoa farming and food crop

production. Cocoa farming is the main source of rural incomeand the main driver of the local economy. The districtpopulation consists of an “indigenous”/resident populationand large numbers of immigrants from elsewhere in Ghanawho settled when the wider region was part of the cocoafrontier. Migration continued through much of the twentiethcentury into the 1990s. The mix of indigenous people andmigrant settlers has lead to a complex and rich social mosaic,with a wide variety of ethnic groups and languages. The landtenure system, based on customary land tenure (legallyrecognized in Ghana) is complicated by the presence ofmigrants who generally farm land through tenancyarrangements.

Some of the underlying causes of deforestation anddegradation in the landscape include among others - unclearland and tree tenure; inadequate involvement of land ownersand forest marginal communities in policy making andgovernance processes. Illegal timber harvesting; conversionof forest lands to other land uses; poor access to naturalresources benefits by communities are the other causes.Some of these causes are institutional gaps within the sectorthat need to be streamlined at a higher level. Others aredriven directly by increased pressure from the inhabitants ofthe area through their heavy dependence on the forest for

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MAKING REDD+ ACCEPTABLE TO COMMUNITIES AND PEOPLEWale Adelekea

aREDD project officer, IUCN Ghana

Meeting of CREMA members at the IUCN Pro-Poor REDD Pilot site at WassaAmenfi District of Western Region in Ghana

fuel wood, farming practices (particularly the conversion offallow to other crops or cocoa, and the conversion ofprimary and secondary forest to cocoa), bush burning, etc.All the above and other qualities made the landscape anideal area for IUCN interventions in forest conservation –which was why it became the site for piloting the IUCN Pro-Poor REDD (PPR) project. The PPR project builds onIUCN’s previous projects for example – the Livelihoods andLandscape Strategy (LLS) project. It focused on landscapeassessment and modeling of the district, particularly inrelation to poverty, accessibility to portable water,sustainable cocoa production, tree certification and tenure,Community Resource Management Areas (CREMAs) andgovernance issues, and the Allanblackia Standard Settingproject.

The approach employed by the project is to support thefacilitation of multi stakeholder processes for:

n taking thematic action on locating “REDD” opportunities inthe broader forest governance context;

n understanding the immediate financial prospects withinthe full context of the drivers of forest related land-usechange;

n assessing and understanding community dependency onforests resources and linkages to poverty alleviationthrough the use of the Forest Poverty Toolkit;

n identifying existing constraints in ensuring equitablesharing of benefits for forest dependent communities andwomen and how these could be addressed in REDDarrangements;

n assessing and subsequent building of the capacity ofcommunities in understanding REDD dynamics includingpotential risks and opportunities;

n supporting participatory processes to discuss and clarifytenure and carbon rights, and enhance transparency inthe allocation and control of forest resources;

n promoting awareness on forest laws and governance aswell as REDD policy and programmes through communitysensitization workshops, including radio programmes;

n strengthening participation of community members indecision making and forest governance through theestablishment of a 25-Member community level REDDmulti stakeholder platform (CRMSP) within the pilotlandscape which has provided the needed structure for

spear heading dialogue, capacity building and decisionmaking on REDD issues and sustainable management offorest resources at the community level; and

n fostering effective flow of information, communication andknowledge sharing amongst all stakeholder groupsespecially to the grass roots.

Since Ghana is currently at the piloting stage of the REDDreadiness process, the Forestry Commission’s REDDSecretariat issued an advert calling for interestedorganizations to register REDD projects. IUCN’s pilotlandscape at Wassa Amenfi West district was one of theseven (7) out of seventeen (17) REDD pilot proposalsevaluated and approved by the Ghana National REDDWorking Group. This site is now fully accepted andrecognized as one of the national pilots, and actually to beused as the model for the other six (6) sites.

The Pro-Poor REDD project components complemented theactivities undertaken in the development of the RPP, and willbe useful for providing inputs into the development of theNational Strategy and during the implementation phase, byplaying a significant role in making the link between forestgovernance and benefit sharing. The implementation of pilotactivities, setting up of reference levels, expert consultations,etc. would run parallel to the Strategic Environmental andSocial Assessment (SESA) in order to gather lessons forinforming the development of the REDD strategy. The Pro-Poor REDD approach is not only being used in Ghana byIUCN, it is also being utilized in other countries in West andCentral Africa, notably Cameroon. This experience in Ghanaprovides an example to follow for IUCN and its members inthe West and Central Africa region. In working together toimprove environmental governance, the region can and willhave other model sites.


25

Young shea plant

10 Project that is part of Global Water Initiative (GWI).11 Youwarou-Deboye and Dentaga in the Youwarou circle, Simaye and Sassimba in the Mopti circle.12 Tofiol, M’Bibba and Diangui Modi in the Mopti circle.

aCoordinator of the REDDIN Project IUCN-MalibCoordinator of the GWI/PGIRES Project, IUCN-Mali

Mali is home to 359 wetlands. These areas are made up ofponds, lakes, valleys/plains, dams, shoals, waterfalls,irrigation lands and oueds. Their ecological andsocioeconomic importance requires integratedmanagement. This concern is well captured by the MalianGovernment, particularly through its national policy onwetland management. It attaches importance to the InnerNiger Delta (DIN) and the Sourou Basin.

The DIN which used to be made up of three Ramsar siteswas transformed into one Ramsar site (41 195 km2) inJanuary 2004. The elevation process of Sourou (15 400km²) to a Ramsar site is underway. The DIN is affected bydisruptions due to upstream development while Sourou isexperiencing rise in water levels from the construction ofthe Lery dam in Burkina Faso. They respectively havechallenges in degraded ecosystem restoration andintegrated management of water resources.

IUCN works in the Sourou and Inner Niger Delta basinsunder a multi- stakeholder partnership. This procedure isdone through the project of rehabilitation of degradedecosystems in the Inner Niger Delta (REDDIN) and theproject for the integrated management of water resourcesof Sourou (PGIRES)10.

Local conventions for the DIN

Concerning the DIN, four11 local conventions have beendeveloped and adopted by the council authorities; andthree12 others are in preparation. The DIN is marked byspatiotemporal overlapping of production systems,increasing pressure on an ever-shrinking space and anupsurge of inter-community conflicts linked to access tonatural resources. It must be said that these resources arecoveted by a variety of categories of stakeholders withoften divergent interests (farmers, fishermen, breeders,loggers). The total surface area of forests andbourgoutières whose management is governed by theseagreements is respectively 2,002 ha and 448 ha.

Local conventions and processes leading to theirformulation and adoption have led to several advances.Interactions between natural resources and the needs forcollaborative planning and synergy between users arebetter understood. This helps soothe the leaning forexclusion. There is also a better understanding ofvocations and complementarities between resources andland. This complementarity facilitates the superposition ofseveral scales of integrated wetland management: village,

council, national and international. Finally, a majorachievement lies in the gradual reconciliation of legitimacy(championed by local people) and legality (championed bytechnical services) vis-à-vis natural resources

Management plans are now accompanied by regulation onthe exploitation of natural resources. This regulationconstitutes the basis for local conventions.

Local conventions have also facilitated the improvement ofbiodiversity indicators, raising royalties for the exploitationof natural resources and reduction of conflicts.

For the DIN, the partnership is supervised and coordinatedby IUCN and Wetlands International. In the Sourou, theproject is implemented by a consortium of institutionsmade up of CARE, Catholic Relief Services (CRS) andIUCN, in partnership with Sahel Eco and CARITAS.

26


INTEGRATED WETLANDS MANAGEMENTPROMOTED THROUGH DIALOGUEDr Mohamed Gareyanea, Bamadou Cessoumab

The Inner Delta of Niger

Consultation mechanisms for the Sourou Basin

In Sourou, dialogue is built on a bottom-up approach,which strengthens dialogue between actors and facilitatesthe development of tools for integrated management ofwater resources.

Seven local water committees (CLE) were set up tofacilitate dialogue between stakeholders working in thewater sector in the previously defined seven units of theSourou river basin: Sindjèrè with its headquarters inBankass, Djinafa with headquarters in Sokoura, SamoriSourou with headquarters in Koulogo, Tumobomo withheadquarters in Bargou, Amanagoro Sourou withheadquarters in Dinangourou, Baouro Sourou withheadquarters in Dioungani, and Amassagou withheadquarters in Barapireli. The CLEs involve local electedofficials, the administration, technicians, and socio-professional groups. This arrangement made it possible tohave a diagnostic analysis of the Bourou Basin and identifymajor guidelines within the framework of local, regionaland national consultations. It also helped develop theSourou water management master plan.

Dialogue was also developed at transboundary level withthe perspective of a management agreement betweenBurkina Faso and Mali. Local conventions and dialoguebetween actors are complementary and fit well with thesocio-cultural realities of the people of DIN and Sourou,which facilitates ownership.


27

Users on the Sourou

Traders along the Sourou

In 2008, West Africa produced 17,000GWh of hydroelectric power. Thisrepresents only 16% of the 105,000 GWhof the WAPP zone (West Africa excludingCape Verde and Mauritania). With about150 large dams, West Africa isconsidered to be basically under-equipped in terms of water infrastructure,as compared to the rest of Africa andother parts of the world. In order to meetthe needs of an ever-growing populationin terms of energy, food and drinkingwater, and to adapt to the effects ofclimate variability and change, WestAfrican States have embarked on thedevelopment of large hydraulicstructures.

However, world and especially WestAfrican experience shows that largedams have transformed the regions inwhich they have been established. Theyhave changed the landscapes andecosystems, but especially socio-economic conditions and sometimestraditions. Displacement and resettlementof the population as well as the rebuildingof livelihoods have had mixed successes in West Africa. Infact, the people affected find themselves as helplessvictims because of lack of preparation, secured fundingand concrete cushioning measures stated inenvironmental and social impact assessment.

According to the Council of African Ministers in charge ofWater (AMCOW), "the development of water infrastructurerequires maximum use of social and economic means,recognizing that many negative social and environmentalimpacts at local level are manageable if implemented withmeasures acceptable to all.”

It is in this light that the IUCN engaged with severaltechnical and financial partners to promoteenvironmentally sustainable and socially equitable waterresource management. And to do so, the Union takes intoconsideration the recommendations of the WorldCommission on Dams (2000).

The Economic Community of West African States(ECOWAS), through its Water Resources CoordinationCentre (WRCC), launched in late 2008 a regional dialogueon hydraulic structures involving States, basinorganizations and civil society. The objective of thedialogue is to "build a consensus on the process ofimplementing major water infrastructure in order toimprove on living conditions and sustainable developmentin river basins."

LARGE DAMS IN WEST AFRICABETWEEN ECONOMIC VIABILITY, SOCIAL EQUITY ANDENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITYOusmane Dialloa

aCoordinator of the Regional Water and Wetlands Programme

Village Assembly in the area of the future Kandadji dam in Niger

28


13 Sharing water and its benefits: lessons of the six large dams in West Africa, GWI, November 2011.

Bank of River Niger in the area of the future Kandadji dam in Niger

With its participation in this initiative, IUCN has beeninvolved in mobilizing and facilitating the participation of civilsociety in consultations. Through an electronic forum whichopened the discussions, forums in river basins to preparefor consultations, and communication tools (mailing list forsharing documents, website and documentary), non-stateactors were able to contribute constructively to the process.Finally, after obtaining a consensus between stakeholders,the recommendations proposed by a panel of independentexperts, essential to the consultation, were adopted byECOWAS to guide the formulation of a Guiding Frameworkto better consider environmental, economic and socialdevelopment of large dam projects.

In this regional momentum that started since 2009, IUCNand the International Institute for the Environment andDevelopment (IIED) also pledged to promote the equitablesharing of benefits from dams in West Africa. Through theGlobal Water Initiative (GWI), the IUCN / IIED consortiumseeks to increase knowledge (studies, exchange visits),create partnerships at local, national and regional levels toimplement good governance mechanisms that cancontribute to sustainable and equitable management ofreservoirs, with positive benefits for affected communitiesupstream and downstream. Multiple use of the resource,with rules discussed and accepted by the various actorsconcerned (users, elected officials, government, nationaland regional institutions), is the basis for benefit sharingadapted to the needs of local residents and localdevelopment, enabling them not to have only negativeimpacts of dams and avoiding intergenerational conflict.

From an analysis of the situation of the following six dams13

Bagré, Moussodougou and Kompienga in Burkina Faso;Selingué in Mali, Niandouba and Confluent in Senegal,IUCN and IIED discussed with national actors aboutsolutions (multi-actor consultations and support for newprojects) to improve the situation of existing sites. Thus,based on the findings of studies, GWI is for examplesupporting the Niger authorities to develop a LocalDevelopment Fund that should provide 2 to 3% of therevenues of the future Kandadji hydroelectric dam in orderto ensure support to affected populations throughout the lifeof the dam. Research also shows that another crucial stepis to codify the legal rights of access to land, housing andother resources that dams redistribute. To ensure that theforecasts in terms of land rights, compensation and benefitsharing are clear and binding, GWI supports the principlethat governments must materialize commitments by writtenagreements (especially in the case of the Taoussa dam inMali).

From these experiences and to facilitate the success ofmajor new water infrastructure programmes, IUCN and itspartners will maintain the current momentum across theregion for effective and sustainable implementation ofrecommendations of regional dialogue, articulated on majorthemes such as stating the role of basin organizations(BOs) in the development and implementation oftransboundary projects, considering affected communitiesas actors, partners and beneficiaries, and supportingvarious categories of actors so that each of them plays itsrole fully.


29

Environmental analysts and partners of the Central AfricanRegion are unanimous that one of the key reasons for poorenvironmental governance in the Congo Basin has beenthe absence of a strong and robust civil society. Over theyears, they have been intentionally or unintentionallydiscarded from environmental management discourse. Andindeed civil society organizations were frustrated that theirkey role in linking conservation and development effortswere continuously downplayed. The fact that conflict overthe management of natural resources has become rampanthowever ultimately prompted and encouraged someenvironmental organizations to facilitate dialogue to enablefull participation of civil society organizations along-sidetheir governments in the process.

This is where IUCN’s convening and catalytic role infacilitating good governance in natural resourcemanagement through strategic dialogue with all actorscould bring meaningful conservation and development. TheCentral African Regional Program for the Environment(CARPE) stepped up its partnership with IUCN in mid 2000.The common objective has been to strengthen civil societyorganizations in the Congo Basin to promote sustainablenatural resource management and inclusive decision-making through active involvement in regulatory and policyreforms. This approach has been very useful because itgave the opportunity for Civil Society Organizations (CSOs)to better understand their role, grasp the issues andstrategize on how best to tackle them. IUCN CARPE’sstrategic focus was through 1) Small Grants Program; 2)Country Teams; and 3) Landscape management.

Small Grants to build capacity of Civil Society andboost conservation

Small grants gave CSOs the opportunity to conceive,implement and monitor policy and legislative-orientedactions, including climate change and REDD+. The programcovered themes like Climate change mitigation andadaptation (REDD+ readiness, payment for ecosystemservices, etc); Capacity Building (training, study tour, etc.);Natural Resources Management Policy; Natural ResourcesManagement governance; Capitalization and sharing oflessons learned; Gender equity; Landscape issues relatedto policy and constituency for its sustainable management;Advocacy for bush meat management in terms of policy andregulatory framework, etc.

Close to 75 small grants projects totalling more than USD1.4 million were funded over the past 4 years and this helpedmake civil society organizations to be more proactive andeffective in working with governments and otherstakeholders not only to develop and promote new laws andpolicies but also to ensure their implementation on theground. For example, in Cameroon civil society, throughsmall grants programs, lobbied and succeeded in getting theCommunity Forestry Manual to be reformed by theGovernment; this reform made it possible to address somepractical huddles that hindered communities to successfullymanage their forest at the local level. In Rwanda, theysuccessfully pushed for the update of the Country’s forestrypolicy and laws.

Also, in several countries, CSO complemented someconservation gaps in sustainable landscape managementas they organized local and indigenous communities tomanage community hunting zones, fight against illegallogging and poaching through independent monitoring.Above all they attained their objective of pooling lessonslearned in small grants management to push for policy andregulatory reform.

Policy/legislative reforms through Country Teams

A Country team typically includes representatives ofministries in charge of environment and forestry, the CentralAfrican Forest Commission (COMIFAC), CSOs, researchorganizations, and big international NGOs, national focalpoints for Climate change or REDD and parliamentarians.The various Country Teams came together to conceive, plan,implement and evaluate conservation activities gearedtowards policy/legislative and regulatory update and reforms.If some civil society organizations succeeded in pushing for

30

CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS SUSTAINABLE NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ANDPOLICY REFORMS IN CENTRAL AFRICA

Angu Angu Kennetha

aRegional Coordinator for Central Africa, CARPE/IUCN Program

Sign board of a project funded by CARPE in Burundi


the above policy and legislative reforms, it was alsothanks to the advocacy nature of Country Teams. Forexample thanks to their strategic planning, theGovernments of the Republic of Congo and DRC signedan Agreement to sustainably manage the Lake Tele/LakeTumba transboundary landscape. Also, the sustainablemanagement of the TNS landscape (Cameroon, CentralAfrican Republic and Republic of Congo) under theTRIDOM Foundation is partly due to the efforts of CountryTeam Members and CARPE partners.

In DRC, civil society inputs in the DRC EnvironmentalCode was very valuable while the promulgation of theimplementation decree of the Forestry Code as well asthe Ministerial Order recognizing landscape as pilotparticipatory zoning sites was widely accepted. ThePromulgation of the new Law on Wildlife and ProtectedAreas by the Government of the Republic of Congo wasalso a giant stride taken by Country Team members.

Also, the elaboration and publication of lessons learned onpolicy provided a feedback mechanism for conservationpartners to benefit from one another’s experiences andimprove their respective conservation interventions. It alsoensured that partners engaged in an analytical reflection ontheir activities and encouraged a process of learning andadaptation during the implementation of the Program.

Landscape-scale conservation

CARPE landscapes represent close to 80 million ha of intacttropical transboundary forests. They take into considerationmultiple actors’ interests in building trusted conservation anddevelopment consortia: extractive resource, PAmanagement and Community zones.

By using the landscape approach, conservation actorsmade sure that the interests of all actors are taken care of.

Perspectives

Although CARPE’s main objective is biodiversityconservation, the Program and its partners in the CongoBasin are increasingly focusing on climate change andREDD+ and there is need to be innovative in order to bettertackle these emerging realities. The small grants programand Country Teams will increasingly work to ensure thatimportant micro-level concerns are integrated in the overallREDD+ readiness discussions. In this vein, we will ensurethat local and indigenous concerns, rights and needs areaddressed and we will develop appropriate policies andrelevant measures to qualify for performance-basedpayments for reduced emissions, including the applicationof environmental and socioeconomic “safeguards”. We alsohope to develop and establish an effective regulatoryframework for REDD+ implementation at the national lawsand regulations and capitalise on past-results andinformation in CBFP landscapes so that they can act as pilotsites for the implementation of innovative policies andmeasures for REDD+ implementation.


31

Capacity building of civil society and students on GIS by WRI

In West Africa, and particularly in Mauritania, wherefishery resources are a heritage of high economic value,there has been a drastic reduction of the latter in recentdecades, with falls of the biomass of exploited demersalresources going from 50 to 75%14 for some species overthis period. Marine protected areas (MPAs) wereidentified using new paradigms for fisheries managementas potentially powerful tools for the renewal of marineresources. In this process, managers of fisheries andMPAs seek to foster greater collaborations, and closingup of sectoral policies on fisheries and the environment.

The project "Support to co-management initiatives andmainstreaming MPAs in fisheries management" is fundedby the French Development Agency (AFD). Placed underthe control of the Sub-regional Fisheries Commission(SRFC), from 2009 to 2013, it supported Member Statesto incorporate the principle of co-management and MPAsin fisheries management policies. Under this project,IUCN facilitates the implementation of the CEPIAinitiative (Building Together a Fisheries ManagementIncluding MPAs), which specifically aims to developparticipatory tools for assessing the impact of MPAs onfisheries management in collaboration with artisanalfishermen in four pilot MPAs. These are Marine ProtectedAreas of Bamboung (Senegal), Urok (Guinea Bissau),Tristao (Guinea) and the Banc d'Arguin National Park –PNBA (Mauritania).

During its first year, CEPIA made it possible to promoteand adapt co-construction approaches to the challengesof fisheries management in West Africa. Definable as atechnical dimension of co-management, they areparticipatory processes of sharing expectations andknowledge for practical use15. They allow thedevelopment of a common language and space thatfacilitates construction, between various stakeholders,shared and convergent perspectives. Initially, nationalpartners carried out identification, in various formats tofacilitate the free expression of local knowledge (nationalstatus, focus groups, cognitive maps, etc...), perceptionsand expectations of various stakeholders on fisheriesmanagement in studied pilot sites.

In perspective, scientific and traditional knowledge will becapitalized, and an ad hoc expertise mobilized todetermine the best ways to respond, in a participatorymanner, to the expectations previously identified andguide adaptive management in corresponding MPAs sothat they contribute more substantially to fisheriessustainability. The culmination of these efforts shouldenable all partners of the CEPIA project to build a multi-actor and trans-disciplinary participatory system tomonitor the effects of MPAs as a tool for integratedfisheries management in West Africa on the basis of co-constructed indicators.

32


CO-CONSTRUCTION A FISHERY CO-MANAGEMENT APPROACHPROMOTED IN WEST AFRICA Pablo Chavancea

aMACO Programme Officer

14 Gascuel D. et al., 2004. Diagnostic comparatif de l’état des stocks et évolution d’abondance des ressources démersales dans les pays de la CSRP in Chavance P., Bâ M., Gascuel D., Vakily J. M. & Pauly D.,2004. Pêcherie maritime, écosystèmes et sociétés en Afrique de l’Ouest : Un demi-siècle de changement. Actes du symposium international, Dakar (Sénégal), 24-28 juin 2002. Collection Rapport de recherchehalieutique ACP-UE, n°15, vol.1, pp. 205-222

15 Lal, P., Lim-Applegate H., and Scoccimarro M. C., 2001. The adaptive decision-making process as a tool for integrated natural resource management: focus, attitudes, and approach. Conservation Ecology 5(2):11

Component 2

Building together a Fisheries Management IntegratingMarine Protected Areas (CEPIA)

IdentiÞcation of knowledge and expectations ofstakeholders Þshing (Institutional - Land)

«ScientiÞc knowledge to serve the needs of land": pooling of empirical knowledgeand scientiÞc knowledge »

State of the art, group facilitation, territorial animation, cognitive maps, ARDI methods, etc.

➔ Companion modeling for co-management of high value species (Mauritania-PNBA)➔ Dynamic monitoring system on local fisheries monitoring (Guinea-Tristao)

Analysis of available knowledge, methodological framework, transdisciplinarity, regional workshops etc.

Implementation monitoring system shared responsibilities: swap space onkey management and development of consensus management decision

Anchoring in dynamic management and local governance

Phases of the co-construction

In 2008, at the World Conservation Congress in Barcelona,Spain, it was found that there was little involvement ofMembers and Experts of IUCN Commissions in the IUCNProgramme. As a result of this, the Congress issued aresolution on their involvement in the implementation of the2009-2012 Programme. The adoption of this resolutionrequired a restructuring of the method of involvement ofMembers in the execution of the activities of the Central andWest Africa Programme (PACO). This revitalization alsoconcerned the optimization of outputs to be achieved by theUnion.

The principle of devolution

The purpose of the involvement of Members and Expertsof Commissions of the Union is to increase theircontribution toward achieving outputs and promotingownership by the three pillars.

The approach based on devolution from the Secretariat toMembers was given credence by contracting the latter inthe execution of project activities depending on theircapabilities. The Secretariat also invested in strengtheningthe technical capacity of members, establishing a regionalcommittee of IUCN Members in Central and West Africa(CREMACO), and mobilizing Members and Experts ofCommissions to contribute effectively in theimplementation of the programme.

Concrete outputs

Since 2009, the Groupe des Amis de l’UNESCO et del’Environnement (Gramue), a Cameroonian NGO and anIUCN Member, is working with the Secretariat of the Unionin the fight against poaching. Concurrently, and mainly inrural areas, GRAMUE promotes models of small andmedium livestock enterprises. Its activities thereforecontribute toward reducing population pressure on wildlifewhile improving the livelihoods of women and vulnerablegroups.

In Togo, the NGO Les Amis de la Terre received financialsupport from IUCN, through UNEP. This support wasaimed at strengthening the capacities of developmentactors. Thus, the latter were able to better understand thephenomenon, the risks and adaptation measures toclimate change. Les Amis de la Terre thus contributes indisseminating knowledge through training, information,awareness, and education sessions.

In Mauritania, Senegal and Guinea Bissau, the contributionof experts of the Commission on Environmental, Economicand Social Policies was vital. It helped develop managementplans for critical areas of biodiversity and of overexploitedfish species.

In Senegal, the Species Survival Commission was involvedin actions for the conservation of spurred turtle.Collaboration between the said Commission and the IUCNSecretariat has helped create the Noflaye Turtle Village.Besides protecting the species, the objective of creating thevillage is to raise awareness of the Senegalese people andtourists about the risk of extinction of this turtle species andits habitat. The creation of the village also aims to involvestakeholders (local population, state services, civil society,private sector) in the conservation of species and theirhabitats. All of these actions aim to make each actor a keylink working to ensure sustainable development.

Finally, the Commission on Ecosystem Management hasassessed the extent of sampling of wild birds in SouthernBenin, which later made it possible to recommendexploitation strategies that are more compatible withconservation needs.

Members and Experts of IUCN Commissions have acontribution potential. In order to enhance it, it is necessaryto structure and build the capacity of actors for them toeffectively participate in the development and implementationof the programme.


THE IUCN FOUR-YEAR PROGRAMME

CONTRIBUTIONS OF MEMBERS AND EXPERTS OF COMMISSIONSMonique Yigbedek

a

aRegional Officer of the Constituency Support and Development of Members and Partners Unit

Bureau members of CREMACO

33

ESTABLISHING OPERATIONAL UNITS

In implementing its Programme, PACO relied on thefollowing technical operational units:

n Four Regional Thematic Programmes (RTPs), eachwith a specific thematic mandate and with ageographic scope that covers all Central and WestAfrican countries: Protected Areas (PAPACO), Waterand Wetlands (PREZOH), Forests, Coastal andMarine (MACO);

n Eight Country Programmes each with a diversemandate and a geographic scope limited to a singlecountry: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Guinea Bissau,Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Senegal,Mauritania, Mali and Niger;

n Several Project Offices, including in Ghana, Nigeria,Liberia, Congo Brazzaville, Gabon, Central AfricanRepublic, Guinea

n Branches in Rwanda, Burundi, Equatorial Guinea,Sao Tome and Principe.

Each unit has a team led by a senior who has delegatedauthority to identify and promote projects, to createcontacts with technical and financial partners

Added to these units, support units which are institutionalsupport and development units, human resources,administration and finance, communication and informationand communication technology units.

BUILDING PARTNERSHIPS

Partnerships play a key role in the execution of theprogramme. With international institutions like UNDP,UNEP, UNOPS and World Bank, it has facilitatedcollaborative planning, synergy building and cofunding ofprogrammes. With regional institutions like UEMOA,ECOWAS, ECCAS, COMIFAC, CILSS, VBA, etc. and Stateagencies, it at the same time takes into considerationregional and national priorities and greater ownership ofprocesses and outputs by recipient institutions of theactions. It has in some cases facilitated the funding of theprogramme. With civil society, it made it possible to reach ahuge number of communities and to strengthen the positionof NGOs in national and international processes.

FORMULATION OF DEVELOPMENTINITIATIVES AND COMMITMENTTO GLOBAL PROGRAMMES

Thanks to the dynamisms of these units, PACO succeededto subscribe to five types of initiatives:

m Global initiatives, driven from Headquarters but affectingseveral IUCN regions, and whose implementation is veryoften regulated by internal agreements. The most significantof them include:

n Livelihoods and landscapes (LLS) funded by theNetherlands and active in nine PACO countries; thisinitiative came to an end in 2011;

n Water and Nature Initiative (WANI) funded by theNetherlands and active in four West and CentralAfrican countries; and

n IUCN-France framework agreement, active in Westand Central Africa.

m Joint programmes specific to the region that hostseveral sub-projects; these include the following:

n The Coastal and Marine Regional Programme(PRCM), a consortium of more than forty partners,including: Wetlands International, WWF, theFondation Internationale du Banc d’Arguin (FIBA)and IUCN, in the Sub-regional Fisheries Commission(CSRP). The PRCM is jointly funded by MAVA, theNetherlands and Spanish Cooperation through thePRCM Support Fund (FAP PRCM16). ThisProgramme is active in seven countries of the WestAfrican coast (from Mauritania to Sierra Leone);

n The Central African Regional Programme for theEnvironment (CARPE) funded by USAID, active inthe Congo Basin countries within which IUCNcollaborated closely with States and big conservationorganisations working in the Congo Basin such asWWF, CI, WCS and AWF ;

n The Poverty Reduction and EnvironmentalManagement Initiative (PREMI) funded by SIDA(Sweden) in seven West African countries and atregional level. It also supports the Volta BasinAuthority;

n The Global Water Initiative – West Africa (GWI),funded by the Howard G. Buffet Foundation, active infive West African countries and at sub-regional level.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROGRAMME

PACO put in place teams that organise its actionsgeographically, institutionally, thematically and financially.

16 FAP is lodged and administered by IUCN (Nouakchott Office)

34


m Institutional support made up of funds that can be usedwith relative flexibility. The Senegal and Guinea Bissauprogrammes were the only beneficiaries of this type ofsupport.

m Private partnerships with inter-state and multilateralinstitutions. The region is managing relatively big projects(budgets higher than a million Euros) on behalf of severalpartners: UEMOA, CSRP, African Union, UNEP, UNDP,World Bank. For example:

n The Project Monitoring the coastline anddevelopment of a Coastal Master Plan in West Africa,implemented on behalf of UEMOA and completed in2011.

n The Project Livestock for Livelihoods: StrengtheningClimate Change Adaptation Strategies throughImproved Management of the Livestock-Wildlife-

Environment Interface, led by the Inter-African Officefor Animal Resources of the African UnionCommission and under which IUCN is carrying outactions in Senegal, Burkina Faso, Niger, Benin,Guinea, Mali, Chad, Nigeria and Cameroon.

n The Project Improving the sustainability of the W-Arly-Pendjari (WAP) protected area system, fundedby GEF and led by UNDP and UNOPS, a componentof which has been entrusted to IUCN.

Various specific and huge initiatives, in terms of finances(more than one million Euros) are generally restricted to aprogramme like: Rehabilitation of Degraded Ecosystems ofthe Inner Niger Delta (REDDIN) in Mali and Adaptation toClimate Change (funded by DANIDA and Sida) in BurkinaFaso.

PLANNING AND BUDGETING

In harmony with the 2009-2012 regional four-year Programme, each operational unit draws up its annual work planincluding the budget. Annual work plans are implemented through operational projects and programmes that are latersubjected to monitoring and evaluation. Figure 3 gives the total proportions of budget allocations to each thematic areaduring the four years. It should be noted that the administration components includes governance, management of thesecretariat and deductions (6%), involvement of Members and Commissions in the Programme (1%) and support to theimplementation of the programme (3%).

Administration and commitmentof Members and Commissions;

11%

Greening the world economy; 6%

Naturally energizethe future; 2%

Ecosystem management for human wellbeing; 22%

Changing climate forecasts; 15%

Biodiversity conservation45%

Figure 3: 2009-2012 budget allocation according to thematic area


35

MOBILIZATION OF MEMBERS AND EXPERTS OF COMMISSIONSFOR A COMMON PROGRAMME

In the Central and West Africa region, membershipincreased from 70 in 2008 to 89 in February 2012 (64NGOs, three international NGOs, nine state agencies and13 states). This change is primarily the outcome of anincrease in the number of NGOs (48.8%) because thenumber of State has dropped from 17 to 14 within thesame period, mainly due to problems related to payment ofannual dues.

Partnership with Members is multifaceted. Thus, IUCN hasplayed a frontline role in identifying projects that haveattracted GEF funding: Aïr Tenere Project in Niger (morethan 5 million US Dollars), the Project Conservation of theW-Arly-Pendjari (WAP) protected area complex shared byBenin, Burkina Faso and Niger (more than 5 million USDollars). In Central Africa, IUCN made a crucialcontribution in the preparation of the Support Programmeto ecosystem conservation in the Congo Basin (PACEBCo)that enabled the African Development Bank to invest about60 million US Dollars in Congo Basin countries.

In most countries where it operates, IUCN supports theimplementation of development programmes implementedby the State, either through direct contracts signed withstate agencies (Burkina Faso, Mali, Ghana, GuineaBissau), or through parallel funding obtained frominternational donors; for example the projects

Conservation and Enhancement of the Biodiversity andElephants of Gourma (PCVBGE) in Mali, Partnership forImproved Management of Natural Ecosystems (PAGEN) inBurkina Faso and the Northern Savannah BiodiversityConservation Project in Ghana, all now completed.

West Africa

Central Africa

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Nu

mb

er

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Year

Figure 4: Evolution of the number of Members

With the commissions, Members have been involved invarious ways in achieving the 2009-2012 four-year outputsin most PACO countries:

n In Guinea Bissau, IUCN is structured to assistMembers in designing and implementing theirprogrammes and carry out very few own activitiesoutside this framework. Support was provided to theInstitute of Biodiversity and Protected Areas (IBAP) formaritime surveillance, co-management of MPAs, aswell as communication and environmental education.In return, the IUCN Office in Guinea Bissau is hostedby IBAP since 20 July 2011, in the new headquarters ofthis institution.

n In Burkina Faso, the Secretariat has formed aconsortium with Members to launch great initiativesthat have proven to be promising. It is continuing withthe implementation of programmes designed inpartnership with Members, particularly in the area ofadaptation to climate change.

n Organized in national working groups, Burkinabeexperts of IUCN Commissions also take part inactivities (feasibility studies, design and managementof planning or discussions or workshops or training,etc..) initiated by IUCN.

n In Cameroon, a joint action plan for Secretariat-Members for the period September to December 2011was developed. The plan identifies seven prioritycommon actions including exhibition on mangroves inDouala and training of Members on Gender and REDDprocesses. As a prelude to the 2013-2016 four-yearprogramme, the National Members Committee, andexperts of Commissions, contributed in developingIUCN strategic documents, particularly theProgramme's strategic plan, and analysis ofCameroon’s situation.

n In Mali, the programme to rehabilitate degradedecosystems in the Inner Niger Delta was carried out inpartnership with International members such asWetlands International and local NGOs that are alsoIUCN Members.

States 13

NGOs 64

State agencies 9

Figure 5: Number of Members in early 2012

36


In order to encourage excellence, an appreciationprogramme to recognize and reward deservingemployees was established in October 2009. This is aprocess to elect the best employee in the region. So far,the winners have been Gravier Bongo (driver at theCameroon Programme) in 2009, Michel Ouedraogo(human resources assistant, based in Ouagadougou) in2010 and Ms. Jeanne-Marie Manga (housekeeper atIUCN office in Senegal) in 2011.

HUMAN RESOURCES

Numberof agents

Year

Figure 6: Evolution of staff strength

Number of agents

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Burkina Faso

Cameroon

Gabon

GhanaMali

Mauritania

Niger

Nigeria DRC

Rep. of C

ongo

Senegal

Guinea Bissau

COUNTRIES

Figure 7: Distribution of employees in intervening countries

For the implementation of the 2009-2012 Programme, the IUCNSecretariat has mobilized its Members and experts ofCommissions17, and strengthened the Secretariat’s teams. The staffstrengths of these teams have increased from 156 persons in 2008to a total of 203 people in 2012, an increase of about 30%. Thestaffs include 21 nationalities, but it also includes 26% women and17% of the employees working outside their own country.

It is also spread over fifteen countries, with population sizevariations from one country to another depending on the magnitudeof the programme. The strongest presence is in Burkina Faso (whichhouses the regional office and three operational programmes) andCameroon (where two operational programmes are based).

Dissa�sfied

Somewhat dissa�sfied

Sa�sfied

Quite sa�sfied

Very sa�sfied

No opinion

Figure 8 : Rate of staff satisfaction in 2011

Despite these efforts, it should be noted that the last survey in 2011on the level of staff satisfaction in the region showed that 12% werenot satisfied working with IUCN. The regional directorate hasobserved that there are still some challenges, including makingarrangements to facilitate capacity building, and improveopportunities for internal promotion.

17 See section on Membership

Group photo, IUCN-PACO regional coordination meeting, 2012


37

Communication actions are aimed at making availableinformation and knowledge with the intention to enhanceefficiency of conservation efforts while making visiblePACO’s outputs. To this end, several channels are used toreach a wider public within and out of the region. We cancite among others, websites (PACO, Headquarters,partners); newsletters (PACO News, NAPA, La Letttre duPRCM, etc.); books/publications; annual reports;documentaries; workshops and other special events.

Between 2009 and 2012 PACO produced 35 books and 21documentaries.

The various communication products are widely availableto IUCN staff, Members, experts of Commissions,partners, media and the public.

IUCN also helps to enhance through various channels, theachievements of Members and experts of Commissionsboth regionally and globally.


COMMUNICATION

Promoting efficacy in Central and West Africa,2008 Annual Report, IUCN-PACO, 2009, 44p. (fr,eng)

Shaping a sustainable future: firstaccomplishments, 2009 Annual Report, IUCN-PACO, 44p. (fr, eng.)

Acting for nature and mankind, 2010 AnnualReport, IUCN-PACO, 2011, 44p. (fr, eng)

Une année de mobilisation, Rapport annuel2009 de l’UICN Sénégal, 2010, 36p. (fr)

De l’influence et des progrès, Rapport annuel2010, UICN-Sénégal, 2011, 36p. (fr, angl.)

In search of sustainability. Some outputs of theimplementation of the 2009-2012 programme,IUCN-PACO 2012, 44p. (fr, eng)

Conserver la biodiversité…pour le bien êtredes populations locales, Rapport annuel 2010,UICN Cameroun, 2011, 32p. (fr).

Practices of the mining sector in West Africa.Comparative summary of four case studies(Senegal, Guinea Bissau, Guinea and SierraLeone), Guinea Bissau, 2009, 36p. (fr, eng, port.)

Panel scientifique indépendant sur lesactivités pétrolières et gazières en Républiqueislamique de Mauritanie, Rapport définitif, UICN,2009, 41p. (fr)

Rapport préliminaire sur l’état del’environnement en Afrique Centrale, UICN,Programme Cameroun, Yaoundé, Cameroun,2010, 95p. (fr)

Le cadre juridique international du bassin de laVolta, UICN, Centre de droit à l’environnement,2009, 264p. (fr)

Catalogue de bonnes pratiques d’adaptationaux risques climatiques au Burkina Faso,UICN, 2011, 60p. (fr)

Valorisation des produits forestiers nonligneux du Chantier d’Aménagement Forestierde Bougnounou-Nébiélianayou au BurkinaFaso / acquis et perspectives, UICN,Ouagadougou, 2011, 24p. (fr)

Sharing water and its benefits: lessons fromsix large dams in West Africa; IIED, IRAM,IUCN, 2011, 136p. (fr, eng)

Valeur économique de la vallée du Sourou :Etude préliminaire, UICN, Ouagadougou, 2010,65p. (fr)

Regional dialogue on large water infrastructurein West Africa – Building multi-stakeholderparticipation from 2009 to 2011, IUCN-PACO2012, 44p. (fr, eng)

Volta River Basin, Ghana and Burkina Faso:transboundary water management throughmulti-level participatory governance andcommunity projects, 2011, 12p. (angl)

Processus de mise en place du comité local del’eau en queue de bassin versant de la Sirba,note de capitalisation ; 2009 ; 15p. (fr)

… Sharing governance: A practical guide forMarine Protected Areas in West Africa, IUCN,CEESP, 2010, 88p. (fr, eng, port)

Discovering the coastal and marineenvironment in West Africa: KnowledgeHandbook, PRCM, PREE, Guinea Bissau, 2011,44p, (fr, eng, port, arabic)

Study guide « Learning to become a citizen ofthe coast», PRCM, PREE, Guinea Bissau, 2012,160p. (fr, eng, port)

Parks and reserves of Ghana - Managementeffectiveness Assessment of Protected Areas,UICN-PAPACO, 54p. (eng)

Parcs et réserves du Niger : Evaluation del’efficacité de la gestion des aires protégées,UICN-PAPACO ; FFEM ; AFD, 2012, 78p. (fr)

Parcs et réserves du Burundi : Evaluation del’efficacité de la gestion des aires protégées,UICN-PAPACO ; FFEM ; AFD, 2011, 112p. (fr)

Conservation at landscape level in the CongoBasin: Lessons learnt from the Central AfricaRegional Programme for the Environment(CARPE), IUCN-CARPE, 2010, 303p. (fr, eng)

Bois-énergie au Burkina Faso : Consolidation des moyens d’existence durable(2006-2009), UICN, 2009, 86p. (fr)

Gouvernance communale des ressourcesforestières au Burkina Faso : guide juridique,Commission Droit de l’environnement auBurkina Faso ; UICN Burkina, Ouagadougou,2011, 66p, (fr)

Guidelines and manual: Procedures forcommunity-Based fire Management-CBFiM,Ghana, 2011, 75p. (angl)

Impacts de l’activité des entreprises chinoisesdans la filière bois Gabonaise - UICNCameroun ; Contribution : Bureau régional del’UICN en Asie ; Bureau de l’UICN en Chine, 2011,24p. (fr)

The Sourou Valley: from yesterday totomorrow, documentary, (fr. et angl.), 2010,25mn, (fr)

Toward collaborative governance of waterresources in the Volta Basin: the PAGEVexperience, documentary, 26mn, 2010, (fr, eng.).

Large dams in West Africa: building thedialogue, documentary, IUCN/ECOWAS, 2011,(fr, eng.), long version: 61mn, format 16/9; shortversion: 13mn, format 16.9).

“All responsible”; Malouma Mint Meydah, videoclip, 6mn, 2010, (fr, eng, port)

Le PRCM, la mer et ses ressources pourdemain, film, 20mn

Le climat change, changeons noscomportements, UICN-ASDI, 26mn ; Format16/9. (french, fulfude, moore, dioula)

38

39


While during the implementation of the previous four-yearprogramme (2005-2008), the average budget of IUCN inthe Central and West Africa was about 11 million Euros a

year, it rose to just below 16 million Euros in 2009 andseems to stabilize at this level (Figure 9).

FUNDRAISING

Year

Exp

end

itu

res

in E

uro

Figure 9: Evolution of total expenditures from 2008 to 2012

Am

ou

nt

(Eu

ros)

Sources of funds

Fran

ce

Sued

e

USA

Net

her

lan

ds

Oth

er b

ilate

ral

H.G

. Bu

ffet

t

MA

VA

BIN

GO

inte

rgov

ern

men

tal

org

aniz

atio

ns

UN

ag

enci

es(U

NEP

, UN

DP,

...)

Oth

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U, N

GO

s,Fo

un

dat

ion

s)

IUC

N (f

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Figure 10: Total contribution of main donors from 2009 to 2012

The total expenditure from 2009 to 2011 is 46.8 millionEuros. Taking into consideration expenditure estimates for2012 (i.e. 16.2 million Euros), about 63 million Euros wouldhave been invested in the implementation of theprogramme from 2009 to 2012 in late December 2012.Funding was obtained from three categories of donors;bilateral donors with the biggest contributor being the

Netherlands, private foundations with MAVA as the firstcontributor, the third category includes some big NGOssuch as FIBA and multilateral agencies and organizationssuch as UNEP, UNDP and UNOPS. The contribution ofIUCN through the resources of framework agreements hasbeen the tune of 5.7%.

40


BENIN: 4- Ministry of Foreign Affairs and AfricanIntegration

- Centre National de Gestion des Réserves deFaune (CENAGREF)

- Nature Tropicale (NT)- Association Vive le Paysan Nouveau (AVPN)

BURKINA FASO: 8 - Ministry of the Environment and SustainableDevelopment (MEDD)

- Fondation des Amis de la Nature- Association Nodde Nooto (A2N)- Association pour la Gestion del’Environnement et le Développement (AGED)

- Association Nationale d’Action Rurale (ANAR)- SOS Sahel International Burkina Faso - Africa’sSustainable Development Council (ASUDEC)

- Africa’s Sustainable Development Council(ASUDEC)

- Association inter villageoise de Gestion desRessources Naturelles et de la Faune de laComoé-Léraba (AGEREF/CL)

BURUNDI: 5- Organisation de Défense de l’Environnementau Burundi (ODEB)

- Association burundaise pour la protection desoiseaux (ABO)

- Association Tubane de Gikuzi - Forum Burundais de la Société Civile duBassin du Nil (FCBN)

- Association de Protection des RessourcesNaturelles pour le Bien-être de la Population(APRN/BEPB)

CAMEROON: 10- Ministry of Environment, Protection of Natureand Sustainable Development (MINEPDED)

- Centre d’Etudes de l’Environnement et duDéveloppement (CEDC)

- Groupe des Amis de l’Unesco et del’Environnement (GRAMUE)

- Association Internationale pour la Protectionde l’Environnement en Afrique (Enviro-Protect)

- Cameroon Environmental Watch - Organisation pour l`Environnement et leDéveloppement Durable

- Ecole pour la formation de spécialistes de lafaune de Garoua

- Centre d`Appui aux Femmes et aux Ruraux(CAFER)

- Chaire de Services Cameroun - Save The Nature

COTE D’IVOIRE : 1 - Réseau pour l'Environnement et leDéveloppement Durable en Afrique

GABON : 1 - Réseau des Aires Protégées d’Afrique Centrale(RAPAC)

GAMBIE: 1 - Ministry of Fisheries, Natural Resources andEnvironment

GHANA: 5 - Forestry Commission - Environmental Protection Association of Ghana - Green Earth Organization (GEO) - Institute of Cultural Affairs - Nature Conservation Research Centre (NCRC)

GUINEA: 1- Delegate Ministry for the Environment, Water andForestry

BISSAU GUINEA: 9 - Ministry of Foreign Affairs, InternationalCooperation and Communities

- Centro de Investigaçao Pesqueira Aplicada -TINIGUENA (This Land is Ours)

- Coastal Planning Office - Accao Para o Desenvolviento (AD) - Centro de Estudios Ambientais e TecnologiaApropriada do Instituto Nacional de Estudios ePesquisa

- General directorate of Forestry and Wildlife - Grupo de Apoio à Educação e ComunicaçãoAmbiental "PALMEIRINHA"

- Instituto da Biodiversidade e das AreasProtegidas (IBAP)

EQUATORIAL GUINEA: 1 - Ministerio de Pesca Y Medio Ambiente

LIBERIA: 1- Forestry Development Authority (FDA)

MALI: 9 - Ministry of the Environment and Sanitation - Association Malienne pour la Conservation dela Faune et de son Environnement (AMCFE)

- Groupe d'Appui Environnemental - ONG DONKO - La promotion du SavoirTraditionnel

- Femmes et Développement (FEDE) - Association Malienne pour la Protection del’Environnement

- Œuvre Malienne pour le Développement desZones Arides

- Association pour le Développement et l’Appuiaux Communautés (ADAC)

- Groupe Action pour l’Enfance au Sahel

MAURITANIA: 6 - Parc National du Banc d’Arguin - Association pour la Protection del’Environnement et l’Action Humanitaire

- Direction des Aires Protégées et du Littoral- Club des Amis de la Nature et de la Protectionde l'Environnement

- Association Naforé pour la Protection de laNature (NAFORE)

- Nature Mauritanie

NIGER: 1 - Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Cooperation andAfrican Integration

NIGERIA: 5- Federal Ministry of the Environment- Nigerian Conservation Foundation - Nigerian Environmental Study Action Team - Savannah Conservation Nigeria - Centre for Environmental Resources &Sustainable Ecosystems (CE-RASE)

REPUBLIC OF CONGO: 5- Ministry of Sustainable Development, ForestryEconomy and the Environment

- Alliance Nationale pour la nature - Alliance-Homme-Environnement d’Afrique - Conservation de la Faune Congolaise - Réseau International Arbres Tropicaux auCongo (RIAT-Congo)

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC : 1- Ministry of Water Resources, Forestry, Wildlifeand Fisheries

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: 6- Institut Congolais pour la conservation de laNature (ICCN)

- Amis de la Forêt et de l’Environnement pour leDéveloppement (AFED)

- Réseau pour la Conservation et laréhabilitation des Ecosystèmes Forestiers duNord-Kivu

- Association pour les Victimes de la Répressionen Afrique (AVRA)

- La Voix de la Nature (VONA)- Forum des Organisations NonGouvernementales pour la Conservation del’Environnement en RDC (FONCE Congo)

SENEGAL: 8 - Association Sénégalaise des Amis de la Nature - Ministère de l'Ecologie et de la Protection dela Nature

- ENDA TM- Groupe de Recherche et d’EtudesEnvironnementales (Green Sénégal)

- Réseau des parlementaires pour la protectionde l’environnement au Sénégal (REPES)

- Association Action Citoyenne - Centre de Suivi Ecologique (CSE) - West African Association for MarineEnvironment (WAAME)

SIERRA LEONE: 1 - Environmental Foundation for Africa (EFA)

TOGO: 2- Les Amis de la Terre-Togo - Les Compagnons Ruraux (LCR)

For more information please go to:www.iucn.org/annuairepaco

IUCN PACO MEMBERS

41


Congo50, rue du 18 mars, MikalouBrazzavilleTél : +242 05 532 56 44 / 06 659 05 [email protected]

GabonBP : 10.708 Libreville Tél : +241 01 44 28 33Fax : +241 01 44 28 [email protected]

GhanaC/o Forest services Division P.O Box 527 AccraTél : (233) 24 224 9678 [email protected]

Guinea BP : 25 DabolaTél : +224 30 82 00 [email protected]

LiberiaEhab Road, Cooper Farm,PO Box 1729, Monrovia 10,Tél : +231 6401 191 / 7701 1998

Nigeria6 Race Course Road, Nassarawa GRA,Kano, NigériaTél : +234 802 523 8195 / 803 320 [email protected]

Burkina FasoB.P : 3133 Ouagadougou 01

Tél : +226 50 31 31 [email protected]

CameroonP.O. Box: 5506 Yaoundé Tél : +237 22 21 64 96Fax : +237 22 21 64 97 [email protected]

Bissau GuineaApartado 23, Bissau 1033 Tél : +245 320 12 30Fax : +245 320 11 68

[email protected]

MaliBP : 1567 Bamako

Tél : +223 20 22 75 72Fax : +223 20 23 00 92

[email protected]

MauritaniaBP : 4167 Nouakchott Tél : +222 45 25 12 76Fax : +222 45 25 12 67 [email protected]

NigerBP : 10933 Niamey


Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) 7, avenue Chemin Bon Accueil (en face de Boukin)

Quartier Haut Commandement Commune de Gombe - Kinshasa


SenegalAvenue Cheick Anta Diop 2ème étage BP : 3215 DakarTél : +221 33 869 02 81 Fax : +221 33 824 92 [email protected]

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PROJECTS OFFICES

VICE-PRESIDENTS OF COMMISSIONSCommission of Environmental Law (CEL)Ms Elizabeth Maruma MremaMember of the Steering Committee, Focal Point for AfricaTel: 254 20 7624252 / 254 20 [email protected]

Commission on Ecosystem Management (CEM)Prof. Edouard G. BonkoungouVice-PresidentTél: +226 76 62 [email protected]

Commission on Education and Communication (CEC)Mr Stephen Tommy [email protected] http://efasl.org.uk

World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA)Dr Charlotte KaribuhoyePresidentTél: +221 869 02 [email protected]

Commission on Economic, Environmental and Social Policies (CEEPS)Emmanuel Asuquo Obot (died on June 3rd, 2012)Vice-President of the Working group on social and environmentalresponsibility of the private sectorTél : +234 10 73 91 [email protected]

Species Survival Commission (SSC)Dr Germain Ngandjui+237 99 85 69 79 - +237 22 06 74 [email protected] http://www.traffic.org

COUNTRY PROGRAMMES

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FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL PARTNERS

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Gra

phi I

mpr

im +

226 5

0 31 1

2 34

INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR THECONSERVATION OF NATURE

Regional OfficeCentral and West Africa Program (PACO)01 PO Box 1618 Ouagadougou 01Burkina FasoPhone +226 50 36 49 79 +226 50 36 48 95E-mail: [email protected]/paco

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Documents

Mise en page 1 - International Union for Conservation of ... · ICCN:Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature (Congolese Institute for Nature Conservation) IIED :International