MISI-ZIIBI: Living with the Great Rivers

PBMISI ZIIBI Living with the Great Rivers

College & Graduate School of Architecture & Urban DesignSam Fox School of Design and Visual Arts

Washington University in St. Louis&

Royal Netherlands Embassy, Washington D.C.

John Hoal, Derek Hoeferlin, Dale Morris

MISI-ZIIBILiving with the Great Rivers

climate adaptation strategiesin the midwest river basins


“MISI-ZIIBI”

Ojibwe native-american name for

the mississippi river, meaning

“Great River”

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2011flood

2012drought


FLOOD

Wyatt, MissouriMay 2011

2013flood

2014 ???

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MISI-ZIIBILiving with the Great RiversClimate Adaptation Strategies in the Midwest River Basins

In the United States Midwest, the 2011 floods and tornados, followed by the 2012 drought, and once again followed by the 2013 floods and tornados, demonstrate that increased climate variability and weather extremes across the Mississippi/Missouri river basins are a fact for which we need to plan.

Such diverse weather events have direct impact on natural resources, economies and communities. MISI-ZIIBI: Living with the Great Rivers was the first in a series of multi-disciplinary workshops that investigated spatial design strategies through the studying of innovative, integrated approaches for climate adaptation along the Mississippi, Missouri and Illinois rivers in the Midwest.

Initially focusing on the St. Louis Bi-state region, the first workshop outcomes were a broad-based set of proto-typological, multi-scaled planning scenarios worthy of more detailed study and intended to be transferable to other Midwest city regions. The Royal Netherlands Embassy, Washington D.C. co-sponsored the workshop with the Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts at Washington University in St. Louis.

Mississippi River low water levelsDecember 2012


Mississippi River high water levelsJune 2013

Workshop Convenors:

-Royal Netherlands Embassy Washington D.C.-College & Graduate School of Architectue & Urban Design, Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts, Washington University in St. Louis

Workshop Leaders:

John HoalDerek HoeferlinDale Morris

Research Assistants:

Christian ClercJonathan Stitelman

Partners:

-American Rivers-Southern Illinois University in Carbondale-Washington University Gephardt Institute for Public Service Clinton Global Initiative University (CGI U) Programming Fund -Washington University International Center for Advanced Renewable Energy and Sustainability (I-CARES)

Workshop report compiled by:

Derek HoeferlinEmily Chen

misi-ziibi.com

© Washington University in St. Louis Royal Netherlands Embassy, Washington D.C. 2013

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multi-disciplinary,local, national, international+ design-based

MISI-ZIIBI: Living with the Great Rivers is a continuation of existing interactions between communities in the United States in partnership with the Royal Netherlands Embassy in Washington D.C. to reconsider issues around river environments. The recent Midwest floods, tornadoes and droughts are a demonstration that the increased climate variablity across the Mississippi and Missouri River basins have ramifications that require a change in how we live with and alongside our great rivers.

MISI-ZIIBI: Living with the Great Rivers built on the significant work that has been and is occuring in the St. Louis region an adding an additional factor. But is not a comprehensive approach and could not have been fully researched since the workshop took place over the course of only a weekend.

MISI-ZIIBI: Living with the Great Rivers is meant to illuminate the wealth and challenges of water, and to serve as a tool to aid communities, stakeholders, and government officials as they develop ways to respond to the climate challenges of the Midwest.


a dutch-american collaboration

MISI ZIIBI: Living with the Great Rivers follows numerous highly successful design-based workshops iniated by communities in the United States in partnership with The Royal Netherlands Embassy, Washington DC. This workshop brought Dutch engineers, landscape architects, planners and their respective American counterparts to the Midwest and Upper Mississippi/Missouri river basins. These were experts from the Netherlands’ “Room for the River” program - a national program that addresses climate change, flood protection, drought tolerance, integrated land use, city planning, and the improvement of environmental conditions along rivers to ensure the continued sustainable development of The Netherlands’ river region.

In the past, the Royal Netherlands Embassy has partnered with the city of New Orleans for a program called Dutch Dialogues, and continues to provide on-going workshops in Los Angeles and post-Sandy New York. The Royal Netherlands Embassy also consults throughout the world – in Thailand, Vietnam, Italy, and Indonesia.

The workshop interaction is a great way to facilitate dialogue and discussion with the local community and stakeholders. Most important to the success of the workshop is this interaction to receive critical local input.

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Noordwaard Room for the River ProjectRobbert de Koning Landscape Architects

Day 1:understanding the riversfield tripsstakeholder + community inputkeynote lecture

day 2:international, regional & local examplescontextualizing the workshopdesign workgroupscommunity input

day 3:design workgroupsreport sessionsfinal results

day 4:public presentation to community + stakeholders

Presentations

Friday, March 22, 2013

Welcome + Introduction

Bruce Lindsey, Dean, College & Graduate School of Architecture & Urban Design, Washington University in St. LouisDale Morris, Senior Economist, Royal Netherlands Embassy, Washington D.C.John Hoal, Associate Professor, Chair, Master of Urban Design program, Washington University in St. LouisDerek Hoeferlin, Assistant Professor, Washington University in St. Louis

The Upper Mississippi + Missouri Watersheds: PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE

PAST: The Evolution of the RiversRichard “Rip” Sparks, Director (retired), Illinois Water Resources Center

PRESENT: Operations & Management of the RiversJoseph Kellett, Deputy District Engineer, US Army Corps of Engineers St. Louis District

FUTURE: A Vision for a Land, Water and Economic EthicBrad Walker, Missouri Coalition for the Environment

Stakeholder + Community Input

Regional Planning PerspectiveDavid Wilson, East-West Gateway Council of Governments

History: Environmental and UrbanAndrew Hurley, University of Missouri St. Louis

River Transportation & PortsFrank Miles, Tri City Regional PortOtis Williams, St. Louis Development Corporation

RecreationLaura Cohen, Confluence PartnershipRyan McClure, City-Arch-River

Levee DistrictsLes Sterman, SW Illinois Flood Prevention District Council

Climate ChangeJohn Posey, East-West Gateway Council of Governmentsw

orks

hop

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Monday, March 25, 2013

Public Presentation of Workshop Results

Introduction and Workshop PremiseDale Morris, Royal Netherlands Embassy, Washington D.C.John Hoal, Washington University in St. LouisDerek Hoeferlin, Washington University in St. Louis

EstimatesFrans Klijn, Deltares

The RegionSteven Slabbers, Bosch-Slabbers Landscape Architects

Fluvial ZonesEmily Chen, Washington University in St. LouisMarten Hillen, Royal HaskoningDHVRobbert de Koning, Robbert de Koning Landscape ArchitectsStijn Koole, Bosch-Slabbers Landscape ArchitectsKees Lokman, Washington University in St. LouisJesse Vogler, Washington University in St. Louis

ReflectionsRachel Jacobson, Acting Assistant Director for US Fish + Wildlife + Parks Services, US Department of Interior

Discussion and Community Feedback

Keynote Lecture“The Room for the River Program in The Netherlands”

Robbert de Koning, Robbert de Koning Landscape ArchitectsDale Morris, Royal Netherlands Embassy, Washington D.C.Steven Slabbers, Bosch-Slabbers Landscape Architects

Saturday, March 23, 2013

International, Regional, Local Examples / Contextualizing the Workshop

Room for the River in the Netherlands: Policy Goals, Projects Overview, Technical Applications, Scenarios, Design Outcomes Ralph Schielen, RijkswaterstaatFrans Klijn, DeltaresMarten Hillen, Royal HaskoningDHVPim Nijssen, Twynstra Gudde

Beneficial Functions of FloodplainsEileen Fretz, American Rivers

Realistic Floodplain AssessmentBob Criss, Washington University in St. Louis

Modeling the Mississippi and Missouri RiversFredrik Huthoff and Jon Remo, Southern Illinois University Carbondale

Agricultural Considerations and Economic Trade-OffsChuck Theiling, Great River Integrated Water Resources ManagementSilvia Secchi, Southern Illinois University Carbondale

Summary of Applicable US Army Corps of Engineers StudiesEddie Brauer and Donald Duncan, US Army Corps of Engineers, St. Louis District

Regional and Local Floodplain ProjectsDennis Knobloch, former mayor of Valmeyer, IllinoisCraig Anz and Beth Ellison, Southern Illinois University CarbondaleTodd Strole, The Nature Conservancy

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A BALANCED APPROACH

WE...looked,listened to local experts WITH MULTIPLE VIEWPOINTS,looked again,listened to more local experts,were inpired by local, national and international case studies,drew,calculated,discussed,drew,worked out what are critical questions and unknowns at this stage and discussed,AND drew some more...

to work out a proposed research agenda and open questions relevant to MULTIPLE INTEREST GROUPS OF our own community and communities along other great rivers

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we have no answers but propose a research agenda and a continuing of the conversation...

oppo

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itie

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over the longterm...It is anticipated that there will be continued change to weather patterns in the Midwest which will alter how we live with & alongside our Great Rivers...

a new design condition...Challenges our current assumptions about flood risk, drought and water supply

Requires us to rethink how we use the river and adjacent lands

Requires us to adapt

Applies to both the entire river system as well as to our region

Impacts the economies, ecologies and communities along the river

a proactive long-term integrativewater-basedapproach...

Needs to simultaneously improve the economy, ecology and quality of our cities and towns

Has been developed, studied and implemented by the Dutch throughout the world

Becomes applicable to other mid-western cities and towns along the Great Rivers

Needs to build upon the previous work and commitment of the community

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Chain of Rocks water intake towerMississippi river during record low water levelsDecember 2012

The Great Rivers are our local determinacy -

our history...

The Great Rivers are our ecological bank...

The Great Rivers are our cultural bank...

wor

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The Great Rivers are our financial bank...

The Great Rivers have been redesigned over time and are under stress...

The Great Rivers are our source of continued wealth...

+ m

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W A T E R


W A T E R17

The Mississippi watershed drains 41% of the United States landmass, all or portions of 31 states and is the 4th largest watershed in the world...m

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Mississippi river basin, sub-bains, rivers and streams

wat

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92% of nation’s agricultural exports are produced in the mississippi watershed

320,000,000tons of suspended sediment historically made wayto gulf of mexicio (prior to missouri river dams)

292 species of birds (1/2 of north american birds)many of which migrate through st. louis region

16rail lines pass through st. louis


watershedsystems

The Mississippi River is the longest river in the USA, 4th longest in the world, drains 31 states (41 % of the US landmass) and portions of 2 Canadian provinces. Together with the Missouri, Illinois, and Ohio Rivers, it has been a conduit for cultural and economic exchange throughout the North American continent. These rivers are ecological treasures, with the Mississippi River alone containing 241 species of fish, 292 species of birds, 57 mammals, 45 reptiles and untold numbers of invertebrates using the river. In particular, the Mississippi River remains a key economic resource: over 92% of US agricultural exports are produced in the Mississippi/Missouri River basin. The port system of South Louisiana - in the river’s delta - is one of the largest ports in the world and the inland port of metropolitan St. Louis is a large, multi-modal network at the heart of America’s commercial traffic, handling over 32 millions tons of freight each year, including grain, coal, petroleum products, scrap metals, aggregates, and chemicals. The St. Louis port is the northern-most lock and ice-free port on the Mississippi, the second largest inland port by trip-ton miles and the third largest by tonnage. In the Upper Mississippi river basin alone, the 78 counties that border the main waterways contain 5% of the nation’s population totaling 13.4 million.

300,000 miles of recreation trails

32,000,000 tons of freight handled by st. louis port

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MISSISSIPPI

ILLINOIS

MISSOURI


st. louis exists at the confluence of three great rivers .. .but the three great rivers are different...

slope 1 foot/mile slope 0.45 foot/mile slope 0.1 foot/mile

MISSISSIPPIMISSOURI ILLINOIS

length 2,341 miles length 2,320 miles length 273 miles

discharge 87,500 cubic feet/second (annual avg. at St. Louis)



sediment 80 M metric tons/year (annual avg. at St. Louis)



barges 5 metric tons/year barges 80 metric tons/year barges 30 metric tons/year





















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why the midwest matters We typically think extreme weather is just coastal - tropical storms, sea level rise, sinking lands, and saltwater intrusion. We hear from cities like New Orleans, New York, San Francisco - disasters like Katrina and Sandy are well-known to all. Why is the Midwest relevant?

The floods of 2011 that overtopped levees and the 2012 droughts that quickly followed demonstrated that extreme weather is not just a coastal issue. Changes in climate and future fluctuations to come will mean changes in flood protection levels and will have the capacity to disrupt shipping and commerce along the working rivers. Thus a large impact on local, regional and national economies.

These changes in weather will modify how we live with and alongside our rivers.

climate change is not just coastal...The recent floods and droughts demonstrate that increased climate variability across the Midwest river basins cannot be overlooked over the long-term. Extreme weather has a direct, and often negative, impact on the river’s functioning and adjacent land uses, and thus also the Midwest’s ecology, economies and communities. Increased climate variability may mean more frequent extreme weather throughout the Midwest. More floods and droughts demand that stakeholders along the Illinois, Mississippi and Missouri rivers adapt at-risk communities, ecologies and economies to this uncertain future.

clim

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emes

St. Louis is the third coast


Flooding of Choteau Island, IllinoisJune 2013

why st. louis matters St. Louis’ location at the confluence of three great rivers makes the region extremely relevant to the discussion of how climate-driven changes in the rivers will affect communities. The fluvial zones in the St. Louis region are prototypical of Midwest zones - protected urban areas, leveed agricultural, and leveed zones for future development. The study of these areas and strategies for the new design condition will be applicable and transferable to other communities.

extreme weatherprojections for the future include: Temperature rise

Accelerated evaporation

Increase in precipitation

what does this mean for the st. louis region?Larger variability in river discharges

More floods / highs ?

More droughts / lows ?

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St. Louis is the third coast

Topography (yellow to orange), Floodplains (blue), Landcover (red) and Waterbodies (purple)Note significant portion of red within blue


confluence flood plain (mississippi, missouri, illinois rivers)

The Confluence floodplain

The Missouri floodplain

The American Bottom floodplain

Sources: E/W Gateway Council of Governments, Fortune 500, Port of St. Louis, US Census, Wall Street Journal,

st. louis metropolitan statistical area (MSA)

2.8 million residents (19th largest MSA in USA)

2 states (Illinois, Missouri)

7,889 square miles

16 counties (Bond, Calhoun, Clinton, Franklin, Jefferson, Jersey, Lincoln, Macoupin, Madison, Monroe, St. Claire, St. Charles, St. Louis, St. Louis City, Warren, Washington)

3 major rivers (Illinois, Mississippi, Missouri)

2 major tributaries (Kaskaskia, Meramec)

2 Mississippi watershed sub-basins (Missouri, Upper-Mississippi)

2 US Army Corps of Engineers Districts (Kansas City, St. Louis)

5 Interstate highways

16 Rail lines

2nd largest inland port by trip-ton miles

Last set of Mississippi river locks and dams

Major agriculture, health care, bio-tech, industrial, institutional, suburban, urban, ex-urban and recreational land uses

9 Fortune 500 companies

2011 Gross Metropolitan Product (GMP) $133 billion USD (21st highest in USA -- or making it the 79th largest global economy if compared with countries)

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assets

_Multiple rivers and natural resources

_Not just a city, but a bi-state region

_multi-modal node (rail, road, barge)

_productive lands

_innovative / bio-tech economy

_World class universities, institutions, parks + recreation

_Historical significance

the

regi

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potentials

_region more aware of the strength of the watersystem (from working rivers...to rivers that work)

_integrated ecological, economic, and urban development paired with improved river discharge (resilience to climate extremes)

_connected bi-state region better linked to the rivers

_jefferson national expansion memorial as the main regional public space

_A Marked confluence

_hydraulic relief and Ecological benefits with by-passes that can add new blue-green pearls to the natural chain (improve the quality of urban and river life)

Workshop participants field trip, view of Missisippi River, Gateway Arch and downtown St. Louis from East St. Louis, IllinoisMarch 2013

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SEE BELOW DIAGRAM

the

esti

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with extreme weather, flood levels will rise .. .and drought levels will fallEstimates for year 2050:

Based on NOAA climate expectations (01/2013), the changes in extreme precipitation events (>1 inch/day) may be:(high scenario) +40% days(low scenario) +10% days

River discharges will increase 10% or more during floods (low scenario)

Flood water levels at St. Louis will Rise 3-8 feet, low stage will drop -3-5 feet? double in 2100???

A 100 year flood now becomes a 40 year flood(A ‘100 year flood’ means a flood has a 1% chance of occurring in any year.)

A 500 year flood now becomes a 200 year flood

THe bottleneck + the backwater effectAfter the last sets of locks and dams of the upper Mississipi river, and just south of the confluence of the three great rivers, and just north of St. Louis city, a narrowing of the Mississippi channel causes a “bottleneck” and potentially disastrous “backwater” effect. This is exactly what occured in the Great Flood of 1993.

Contrary to intuition, modifications to the river system have a downstream as well as upstream effect. The backwater effect is an unexpected (often unanticipated) effect of narrowing of the river bed by flood protection measures (or urban areas).

Great flood of 1993

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We need to stop calling floods “100 year” or “500 year” events ... because “100 year” events seem to happen much more frequently ... rather, what if we calculate probabilities based on something people can relate to ... like the chances a flood occuring during a 30 year mortgage ... or one’s lifetime ...


probabilities will change

A ‘100 year flood’ means a flood has a 1% chance of occurring in any year. If we calculate the chance of a home in the 100 year flood zone flooding over the life of a 30 year mortgage it turns out there is 26% chance such a flood will occur. For a home in the 500 year floodplain there is a 6% chance of flooding.

When re-calculated based on climate change expectations of a 10% increase in river discharges a previously 100 year flood increases in frequency to a 40 year flood. There is now a 53% chance of a home in the 100 year (now 40 year) flood zone flooding, and a 26% chance of a home in the 500 year (now 100 year) flood zone flooding.

consequences of floodingTaking the American Bottom (Metro East Sanitary District) in Illinois (“500 year” flood protection) as an example:

Direct Damages:

$7 billion USD

Loss of life and affected populations

Indirect damages:

Loss of business profits (agriculture, navigation, small businesses, etc.)

Pollution (spreading of toxins and debris locally and downstream)

Is the protection level economically optimal? and what about in 50 years?

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the

fluv

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Confluence of the Missouri (left) and Mississppi (right) rivers

...the fluvial zones are prototypical of the upper midwest...agricultural, suburban, urban...free-flowing and pooled...

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1

2

3


fluvial zones

1) Agricutlural Land Use + Pooled riverMississippi river:Melvin Price locks and dam / Alton to confluence of Illinois and Mississippi rivers

2) levee-protected suburban development + free-flow riverMissouri river:Howell Island State Wildlife Area to Interstate 70

3) levee-protected existing urbanized area + Free-flow riverMississippi river:Mississippi / Missouri confluence to Interstate 270 / 255

1

2

3

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fluvial zone 1:challenges

_agriculture (droughts, floods, nutrient loads, mono-cultures)

_ecology (native + migratory species)

_development (future other than agriculture?)

_Flood protection (risk and levels)

_local vs. global (export of crops)

_navigation (future capacities of mississippi + missouri rivers)

Migratory flyway

Native Species

Exporting of Crops

Drought Severity

Crop Water Usage


fluvial zone 1:potentials

_utilize topograpy+

levees

The fluvial zone has areas of higher ground and varying levels of protection in the zone. Differ-ent uses are able to naturally align with these different levels - trends extrapolated from nearby development allow it to continue onto higher ground. Land that frequently floods can still be utilized efficiently for agriculture using innovative farming techniques.

_develop innovative agriculture+

Nutrient Capture

At present low-value and water-thirsty com-modity crops such as corn and soybean are grown in the region and then exported to other parts of the country or abroad. There is little access to fresh fruit and vegetable crops, and must be imported from California. There is an opportunity to diversify markets, increase resiliency of the crops, and perhaps even create new high-value exports through inno-vative agriculture. A gravity-fed system would take advantage of the flood-pulse, and use the opportunity to recapture run-off nutrients, thereby converting a former problem into a resource.

POTENTIAL There is an opportunity to diversify crops, thereby increasing resliency to unexpected weather, and serve local markets. High-value food crops can be grown on fertile agricultural land.

PRESENT Low-value commodity crops such as corn and soybean make up the bulk of agriculture in the region - food must then be imported from California and elsewhere

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SCENARIOS

1) STATUS QUO...do nothing different

2) BUSINESS AS USUAL...BUT BETTER

3) PARADIGM change... climate is the driver

Opportunities

Flood pulseIncreased conservation areaRecreation Agricultural diversity

Challenges

Spatial qualityLevee improvements if increased development

Opportunities

Local food sourceDiversified Agricultural EconomyRecreation economyEcological health and safetyFlood PulseEconomic risk management

Challenges

History of farming – crop shiftsEconomic – upfront costs

Opportunities

Agricultural productionIncreased conservation areaDevelopable LandRecreation

Challenges

More frequent high waterSubsidenceWater pollutionAgricultural securityProtection of existing developed landsMissouri river water competing usesComprehensive ecological health plan

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fluvial zone 2:challenges

_”Backwater Effect” (locally due to development creating bottlenecks and downstream at downtown st. louis due to reduced river profile cross- section for discharge )

_ missouri river sediment transport (“the big muddy” supplies 75% of the mississippi river basin’s sediment load -- or 100 million metric tons per year)

_very little visual and literal connections to missouri river

_ development pressures impacts risk profile (population increases, commercial + industrial “big-box” typology)

_flood protection (risk and levels)

_navigation (missouri river only 10% of mississippi river basin barge traffic)

_recreation (hunting, fishing, ecology)

_Stormwater management (large parking lots / impervious surfaces / limited stormwater storage)

_Water treatment (3 plants in study area)

Flood Risk

Recreation

WaterTreatment

Backwater Effect


fluvial zone 2: potentials

_missouri river as an urban, ecological and landscape development opportunity adaptable to high and low water levels

_long-term demographic trends = continued increasing populations?

_improved + multifunctional levees

_bypasses and islands

_innovative agriculture + aquaculture

_Sustainable/controlled sediment mining to benefit river maintenance and minimize impact on river ecologies

_hydro-power technologies

_floodable / temporary programs

_elevated developments

Urban, Ecological and Landscape Development Opportunities

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SCENARIOS

1) urban flood plain

2) flood plain sponge

3) multi-functional flood plain

Opportunities

InvestmentMulti-Use DevelopmentJobs / $ GeneratorNew Functions / Destination

Challenges

Impact of development on room for waterIncreased Risk / High levees, or improved flood protection neededEcological DegredationIncreased Back-water Effect

Opportunities

Resilient to weather extremesReduction of Backwater EffectExpanded Habitat / WildlifeOutdoor Recreation / Hunting

Challenges

Voluntary Buyouts of PropertyRelocation of DevelopmentNavigation Cutoff

Opportunities

Cultural ValueOptimize Temporal UsesRoom for the RiverJobs

Challenges

Living with RiskCostlyCompeting Jurisdictional Interests

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fluvial zone 3: challenges

_regional bottleneck of mississippi river

_large population protected by “all or nothing” single-line levee system

_Historically important communities and site of Mississippian cultures and UNESCO Historic Site

_Heavy industry: Steel, Chemical, and Petrochemical

_spatial, social + economic fragmentation

_drought + flooding

_contamination

_‘The big IF’ (Social, financial, industrial catastrophe?)


fluvial zone 3: potentials

_increased safety from flooding and contamination

_opportunities for new waterfront developments

_hydraulic relief locally, regionally and nationally (mitigate bottleneck and backwater effect)

_improvements to local ecology

_connecting communities

_enhancements to port operations along the river

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SCENARIOS

1) business as usual

2) set back

Opportunities

Safety within total area is ensured Contamination is contained within reinforced leveeLeast expensive

Challenges

The river remains constricted Still an ‘all-or-nothing’ approachZero redundancyDeveloped with East St. Louis’s back to the river—does not add qualities to area

Opportunities

Addresses bottleneck by expanding floodwayRelieves larger systemContains majority of contaminantsIncreases protection to local levee districtOpportunity for new waterfront/industry on Illinois side

Challenges

Located in a historic area—must be sensitive to historic settlement patternsIndustrial remediation along waterwayExpensive


SCENARIOS

3) managed and staged flood

4) blue green bypass

Opportunities

Significant hydraulic relief for the entire system to have impacts on the national scale Protection of industry and containment of contaminantsBulk of the population protected by new leveeHorseshoe Lake Remediation (costly?)

Challenges

Expensive to build and maintain leveesImpacts majority of the agricultural community Some need for temporary inundation of agricultural lands

Opportunities

Hydraulic relief that functions on the national scaleMajor improvements to the local ecology, which will have positive impacts on the local area as well as the regional areaStrengthens navigation while limiting uncertain flood-stagesNew development (port) opportunities along river

Challenges

Modifies land use from agricultural to ecologicalInfrastructural blockagesCost/time

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FROM Working Rivers to...rivers that work

Based upon three days work with limited community, state and federal partners, there is a need to continue

these discussions and research to assist in ensuring our collective long-term future is resilient and prosperous...

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CONTINUING THE CONVERSATION

_THE SCENARIOS SET FORTH ARE NOT MEANT TO BE PRESCRIPTIVE - BUT THEY ARE THE BEGINNINGS OF A LONG-TERM APPROACH

1) Validate the discharge and water level data, flood and drought impacts and establish future hydrological design conditions based upon climate change / extreme weather scenarios

2) Evaluate options for risk management for flood and drought control, spatial planning, contaminants, and disaster management

3) Develop a more integrated vision for land-use and multi-layered and functional infrastructure

4) Create new (sustainable) economic generators

5) Continue building community capacity to foster dialogue around these issues

6) Build a multi-disciplinary international “think tank” dedicated to the research and practice of long-term integrative water-based planning

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Workshop Leaders

John Hoal, Washington University in St. LouisDerek Hoeferlin, Washington University in St. LouisDale Morris, Royal Netherlands Embassy, Washington D.C.

Research Assistants

Christian Clerc, Washington University in St. LouisJonathan Stitelman, Washington University in St. Louis

Estimates Group

Hermjan Barneveld, HKV ConsultantsEddie Brauer, US Army Corps of Engineers, St. Louis DistrrictDon Duncan, US Army Corps of Engineers, St. Louis DistrictFrans Klijn, DeltaresFredrik Huthoff, HKV Consultants / Southern Illinois University CarbondaleJon Remo, Southern Illinois University CarbondaleRalph Schielen, Rijkswaterstaat

Regional Group

Eileen Fretz, American RiversJohn Hoal, Washington University in St. LouisDerek Hoeferlin, Washington University in St. LouisJohn Kleinschmidt, Waggonner & Ball ArchitectsPim Nijssen, Twynstra GuddeDale Morris, Royal Netherlands Embassy, Washington D.C.Steven Slabbers, Bosch-Slabbers Landscape ArchitectsRichard “Rip” Sparks, Director (retired), Illinois Water Resources CenterTodd Strole, The Nature ConservancyChuck Theiling, Great River Integrated Water Resources ManagementDavid Waggonner, Waggonner & Ball Architects, Dutch Dialogues initiatorBrad Walker, Missouri Coalition for the EnvironmentEric Zencey, Washington University in St. Louis

Fluvial Zone 1 Group

Philip Burkhardt, Humdinger Studio Emily Chen, student, Washington University in St. LouisCourtney Cushard, H3 Studio, Inc.Bin Feng, student, Washington University in St. LouisCarolyn Gaidis, L.A.N.D., LLC. + H3 Studio, Inc.Robbert de Koning, Robbert de Koning Landscape ArchitectsDaniel Tynes, student, Washington University in St. LouisNatalie Yates, Washington University in St. LouisShiyun “Sherlock” Yu, student, Washington University in St. LouisChris van der Zwet, VolkerWessels


Lilia Irene Compadre, [dtls] landscape studioSara Delahoussaye, student, Washington University in St. LouisPeter Hermens, IAA Stedenbouw en Landschap and Landschap Overijssel Marten Hillen, Royal HaskoningDHVKees Lokman, Washington University in St. Louis Shinan Qui, student, Washington University in St. LouisBryan Robinson, H3 Studio, Inc.Deena Saeed, student, Washington University in St. LouisBrendan Wittstruck, GUMBULLY


Craig Anz, Southern Illinois University CarbondaleGolie Ebrahimian, student, Washington University in St. LouisChad Fisk, student, Washington University in St. LouisStijn Koole, Bosch-Slabbers Landscape ArchitectsLaura Lyon, H3 Studio, Inc.Thuy-Tien “Alice” Mac, student, Washington University in St. LouisAllison Mendez, Cannon DesignMikey Naucus, SWT DesignTiffin Thompson, student, Washington University in St. LouisAnne-Sietske Verburg, Bosch-Slabbers Landscape ArchitectsJesse Vogler, Washington University in St. Louis


thank you...

MISI-ZIIBI would not have been possible without the incredible dedication and volunteer participation of the American and Dutch workshop experts and speakers, along with critical local community and stakeholder input.

Special thanks goes out to the significant financial support provided by the Royal Netherlands Embassy, Washington D.C.; funding and facilities usage by Washington University in St. Louis’ Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts; and, funding from the Gephardt Institute for Public Service Clinton Global Initiative University (CGIU) Programming Fund.

Thank you to Washington University’s International Center for Advanced Renewable Energy and Sustainability (I-CARES) for facilitating the participation of Rachel Jacobson from the US Department of the Interior.

Additional thanks goes to our partners Eileen Fretz at American Rivers and Fredrik Huthoff at Southern Illionois University Carbondale for the countless conference calls helping frame and prepare the complex workshop.

We would also like to thank the respondents at the public workshop presentation, particularly Ed Weilbacher.

Data and mapping support thanks go out to David Wilson and the East-West Gateway Council of Governments; and, to Aaron Addison and Bill Winston at Washington University’s Data Services and GIS lab.

Finally, we want to thank Sam Fox School Dean Carmon Colangelo, Graduate School of Architecture & Urban Design Dean Bruce Linsdey, the Sam Fox School administrative support of Heather Atkinson, Ellen Bailey, Melinda Compton-Carter, Daphne Ellis, Karen Swinney, Katherine Koss Welsch and Bobbe Winters; and, the students of Derek Hoeferlin’s spring ‘13 graduate architecture studio. Last but certainly not least -- the tireless hours of preparatory work put in by our research assistants Christian Clerc and Jonathan Stitelman.

misi-ziibi.com -John Hoal -Derek Hoeferlin -Dale Morris

Speakers

Craig Anz, Southern Illinois University Carbondale Eddie Brauer, US Army Corps of Engineers, St. Louis District Laura Cohen, Confluence PartnershipBob Criss, Washington University in St. LouisDon Duncan, US Army Corps of Engineers, St. Louis District Elizabeth Ellison, Southern Illinois University CarbondaleEileen Fretz, American RiversMarten Hillen, Royal HaskoningDHVJohn Hoal, Washington University in St. LouisDerek Hoeferlin, Washington University in St. LouisAndrew Hurley, University of Missouri St. LouisFredrik Huthoff, Southern Illinois University CarbondaleRachel Jacobson, Acting Assistant Director for US Fish + Wildlife + Parks Services, US Department of InteriorJoseph Kellett, Deputy District Engineer, US Army Corps of Engineers, St. Louis DistrictFrans Klijn, DeltaresDennis Knobloch, former mayor of Valmeyer, IllinoisRobbert de Koning, Robbert de Koning Landscape ArchitectsRyan McClure, City-Arch-RiverFrank Miles, Tri City Regional PortDale Morris, Senior Economist, Royal Netherlands Embassy, Washington D.C.Pim Nijssen, Twynstra GuddeJohn Posey, East-West Gateway Council of Governments Jon Remo, Southern Illinois University Carbondale Ralph Schielen, RijkswaterstaatSilvia Secchi, Southern Illinois University CarbondaleSteven Slabbers, Bosch-Slabbers Landscape Architects Richard “Rip” Sparks, Director (retired), Illinois Water Resources Center Les Sterman, SW Illinois Flood Prevention District CouncilTodd Strole, The Nature ConservancyChuck Theiling, Great River Integrated Water Resources ManagementBrad Walker, Missouri Coalition for the EnvironmentOtis Williams, St. Louis Development CorporationDavid Wilson, East-West Gateway Council of Governments

Site Visits Guides

Laura Cohen, Confluence PartnershipJohn Hoal, Washington University in St. LouisDerek Hoeferlin, Washington University in St. LouisLaura Lyon, H3 Studio, Inc.Katy Manar, US Army Corps of EngineersBenjamin McGuire, US Army Corps of EngineersLane Richter, Audubon Center at RiverlandsRichard Ward, Ward Development Counsel

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TO BE CONTINUED...MISIZIIBI.COM#MISIZIIBI@misiziibi


image credits

All drawings and photographs, unless otherwise indicated, © MISI-ZIIBI (Royal Netherlands Embassy, Washington D.C. & Washington University in St. Louis)

Photographs by MISI-ZIIBI:

Golie Ebrahimian: 10-11, 46Derek Hoeferlin: 03, 04-13, 14 (middle, lower), 15-17, 24-25, 26, 28-29, 32-33, 37 (upper), 38-43, 46-55Stijn Koole: 27 (middle), 37 (lower)Steven Slabbers: 27 (lower), 37 (middle) 44-45

Photographs not by MISI-ZIIBI:

Confluence Partnership: 34-35Daniel Acker/Bloomberg: 02 (lower)Thomas M. Easterly, Missouri History Museum: 14 (upper) NASA: 30-31 Scott Olson/Getty: 02 (upper)Srenco: 22-23, 27 (upper)Frederick Stivers: 01 (lower right)

Drawings not by MISI-ZIIBI:

Harold N. Fisk, US Army Corps of Engineers: 01 (upper right)Bill Iseminger, Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site: 01 (lower left)

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MISI-ZIIBILiving with the Great RiversClimate Adaptation Strategies in the Midwest River Basins

In the United States Midwest, the 2011 floods and tornados, followed by the 2012 drought, and once again followed by the 2013 floods and tornados, demonstrate that increased climate variability and weather extremes across the Mississippi/Missouri river basins are a fact for which we need to plan. Such diverse weather events have direct impact on natural resources, economies and communities.

MISI-ZIIBI: Living with the Great Rivers was the first in a series of multi-disciplinary workshops that investigated spatial design strategies through the studying of innovative, integrated approaches for climate adaptation along the Mississippi, Missouri and Illinois rivers in the Midwest. Initially focusing on the St. Louis Bi-state region, the first workshop outcomes were a broad-based set of proto-typological, multi-scaled planning scenarios worthy of more detailed study and intended to be transferable to other Midwest city regions.

The Royal Netherlands Embassy, Washington D.C. co-sponsored the workshop with the Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts at Washington University in St. Louis. It brought to the Midwest experts from The Netherlands’ current “Room for the River” program – a government design plan intended to address climate change, flood protection, drought tolerance, integrated land use and the improvement of environmental conditions of areas along rivers to ensure the continued sustainable development of The Netherlands’ river region. The workshop partnered with local and regional experts to build upon the wealth of existing efforts underway.

www.misi-ziibi.com

© Washington University in St. Louis Royal Netherlands Embassy, Washington D.C. 2013

Documents

MISI-ZIIBI: Living with the Great Rivers