Missouri CompMissouri Comp

Texas War of IndependenceTexas War of Independence

Americans Americans began moving began moving into Texas in into Texas in the 1820’s the 1820’s

and brought and brought their slaves their slaves with them. with them.

War fought War fought by Texans by Texans

against against Mexico Mexico

because they because they believed their believed their

rights had rights had been violated.been violated.

Won by Won by Texans in Texans in 1836 and 1836 and

requests to requests to enter the U.S.enter the U.S.

President President Jackson and Jackson and Van Buren Van Buren refused to refused to recognize recognize

Texas Texas statehood statehood because of because of

slavery.slavery.Texas

became its own country

with Sam Houston

president, 1836 to 1845.Mexico never Mexico never

recognized recognized the the

independence independence of Texas.of Texas.

Texas War of IndependenceTexas War of Independence

Texas War of Independence1Texas War of Independence1

Texas entered as a U.S. state

in 1845.Mexico vowed if

Texas became

part of the U.S., this would be an act of

war.One cause of the war

with Mexico in 1846.

Picture/PolkPicture/Polk

•James K. Polk, Democrat• President from 1845 to

1849•Believed in Manifest

Destiny•Expansionist •54’, 40’ or Fight

•Acquired the Oregon Territory from Great Britain in 1846

(Buchanan-Pakenham Treaty)•49th Parallel•Won Election of 1844 over Clay by Won Election of 1844 over Clay by

promising to acquire both Texas and promising to acquire both Texas and Oregon (inclusion of Oregon avoided Oregon (inclusion of Oregon avoided

anti-slavery bias)anti-slavery bias)

Oregon disputeOregon dispute

•Treaty with Treaty with Great Britain in Great Britain in 18461846

Compromised Compromised with British with British and divided and divided the Oregon the Oregon Country at the Country at the 4949thth parallel parallel

TrailsTrails

Mexican WarMexican War

Mexico severs diplomatic relations with US after Texas Annexation

President Polk sends Sidell to Mexico to offer to buy California and establish Texas boundary

at Rio Grande River

Mexican government rejects offer

Polk moves troops into disputed territory

Fighting in that area April, 1846 (16 killed/wounded)-”American Blood on American

Soil”

Americans victorious in subsequent war-Mexico City Captured-”Halls of Montezuma”

EffectsEffects•US receives Mexican Cession

•Disputes over expansion of slavery will lead to the Civil War

Mexican WarMexican War

Treaty of Guadalupe HidalgoTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo•Mexico ceded the Mexican Mexico ceded the Mexican

Cession to U.S.Cession to U.S.•Rio Grande River boundary Rio Grande River boundary

between U.S. and Mexicobetween U.S. and Mexico•U.S. paid Mexico $15 million U.S. paid Mexico $15 million

Treaty of Guadalupe HidalgoTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo•Mexico ceded the Mexican Mexico ceded the Mexican

Cession to U.S.Cession to U.S.•Rio Grande River boundary Rio Grande River boundary

between U.S. and Mexicobetween U.S. and Mexico•U.S. paid Mexico $15 million U.S. paid Mexico $15 million

Map expansionMap expansion

• Election of 1840 MapElection of 1840 Map

End of Mexican War leads to End of Mexican War leads to development of “Free-Soil” Partydevelopment of “Free-Soil” Party

Free Soilers were only Anti-Free Soilers were only Anti-Slavery to the extent that it Slavery to the extent that it prevented opportunities for prevented opportunities for smaller white farmerssmaller white farmers

They want Mexican Cession and They want Mexican Cession and other unorganized territories to other unorganized territories to not have slavery and free land be not have slavery and free land be given to given to whitewhite settlers settlers

Picture/S.DouglasPicture/S.Douglas

Election of 1848Election of 1848• Lewis Cass-Democrat-Popular SovereigntyLewis Cass-Democrat-Popular Sovereignty

• Whigs-Zachary Taylor-War Hero-No positionWhigs-Zachary Taylor-War Hero-No position

• Free-Soil Party-Former President Martin Van Free-Soil Party-Former President Martin Van BurenBuren

• Taylor narrowly defeats Cass Taylor narrowly defeats Cass

Taylor dies in 1850 (Aresenic?) and is succeeded Taylor dies in 1850 (Aresenic?) and is succeeded by Vice-President Millard Fillmoreby Vice-President Millard Fillmore

• 1848 Election Map1848 Election Map

Most intense debate in U.S. HistoryMost intense debate in U.S. History•John C. CalhounJohn C. Calhoun•North should honor the Constitution and enforce the Fugitive Slave Law•South wanted California•threatened to secede from U.S.•U.S. should have two Presidents---one from the North and one for the South

Comp of 1850Comp of 1850

•Daniel WebsterDaniel Webster•Secession is impractical & impossible•How would we split the land? •The military?•Compromise at all cost•Preserve the Union

•Henry ClayHenry Clay•The Great Compromiser, with

John C. Calhoun, Daniel Webster and Stephen Douglas, propose

the Compromise of 1850

•Solve the slavery issue was Solve the slavery issue was through through Popular SovereigntyPopular SovereigntyU.S. U.S. Senator from the state of IllinoisSenator from the state of Illinois

•let the people in each territory let the people in each territory decide through the process of decide through the process of voting whether they want slavery voting whether they want slavery or not.or not.

•Along with Henry Clay, Daniel Along with Henry Clay, Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun Webster and John C. Calhoun they proposed the they proposed the Compromise Compromise of 1850of 1850

•Calif. A free stateCalif. A free state

•enforce Fugitive Slave Lawenforce Fugitive Slave Law

•Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty

•stop slave trade in Washington, stop slave trade in Washington, D.CD.C..

Picture/S.DouglasPicture/S.Douglas

Map Comp of 1850Map Comp of 1850

Popular Popular SovereigntySovereignty

Allow the people in a territory to vote on whether

they want slavery to exist or not in their

state.

Election of 1852Election of 1852• Democrats-Franklin Pierce-New Democrats-Franklin Pierce-New

Hampshire-Appeals to Southerners Hampshire-Appeals to Southerners b/c he is a strong supporter of the b/c he is a strong supporter of the Fugitive Slave LawFugitive Slave Law

• Whigs-Winfield Scott-No strong Whigs-Winfield Scott-No strong position on slaveryposition on slavery

• Pierce wins convincinglyPierce wins convincingly

Election of 1852 MapElection of 1852 Map

•Build a transcontinental RR Build a transcontinental RR connecting California to the connecting California to the East Coast either in the East Coast either in the South or NorthSouth or North

•Stephen Douglas wanted Stephen Douglas wanted the railroad built in the North the railroad built in the North (with hub in Chicago) and (with hub in Chicago) and had to convince the South to had to convince the South to allow that.allow that.

•Proposed a plan that Proposed a plan that Kansas and Nebraska Kansas and Nebraska territories be opened up to territories be opened up to slavery in return for building slavery in return for building the railroad in the North.the railroad in the North.

•Popular SovereigntyPopular SovereigntyKan. & Neb ActKan. & Neb Act

Map Bleeding KanMap Bleeding Kan

Attacks by free-state supporters

Attacks by pro-slavery state supporters

(Led by John Brown)

•Kansas/Nebraska Act Kansas/Nebraska Act led to several acts of led to several acts of

violence between pro-violence between pro-slavery settlers and slavery settlers and anti-slavery settlers.anti-slavery settlers.

•First violent outbreaks First violent outbreaks between north/south.between north/south.

•Many feel that first Many feel that first battles of the Civil War battles of the Civil War

begin in Kansas in begin in Kansas in 1856.1856.

•Over 200 killedOver 200 killed

Election of 1856Election of 1856

• Republican Party formed in response Republican Party formed in response to Bleeding Kansas (members of the to Bleeding Kansas (members of the Free-Soil, Democratic, and Whig Free-Soil, Democratic, and Whig parties that object to slavery on moral parties that object to slavery on moral grounds)grounds)

• First platform was repeal of First platform was repeal of Kansas/Nebraska Act and Fugitive Kansas/Nebraska Act and Fugitive Slave LawSlave Law

Election of 1856Election of 1856

• Republican nominee (John C. Fremont)Republican nominee (John C. Fremont)

• Know-Nothings (American Party) Anti-Know-Nothings (American Party) Anti-Immigration Platform (former President Immigration Platform (former President Millard FillmoreMillard Fillmore

• Democrats (James Buchanan)-Pierce and Democrats (James Buchanan)-Pierce and Douglas not nominated because of negative Douglas not nominated because of negative association with Kansas-Nebraska Actassociation with Kansas-Nebraska Act

Election of 1856Election of 1856

• Democrat Buchanan victorious, Democrat Buchanan victorious, mostly because neither of the other mostly because neither of the other two parties had a national followingtwo parties had a national following

Election of 1856 MapElection of 1856 Map

Bleeding KanBleeding Kan

Competing governments formed in Kansas

Despite Free-Soil and Anti Slavery Majority, Proslavery leaders offer “Lecompton Constitution” for approval of Kansas as a Slave State

Supported by President Buchanan, but Congress refuses to approve Kansas as a state (Does not gain approval unti after Civil War begins)

Competing governments formed in Kansas

Despite Free-Soil and Anti Slavery Majority, Proslavery leaders offer “Lecompton Constitution” for approval of Kansas as a Slave State

Supported by President Buchanan, but Congress refuses to approve Kansas as a state (Does not gain approval unti after Civil War begins)

Map Kan/Neb ActMap Kan/Neb Act

Popular Popular SovereigntySovereignty

Allow the people in a territory to vote on whether

they want slavery to exist or not in their

state.

REPUBLICAN PARTYREPUBLICAN PARTY

First platform was First platform was repeal of repeal of Kansas/Nebraska Kansas/Nebraska Act and Fugitive Act and Fugitive Slave LawSlave Law

Whigs

Free Soil Party Free Soil Party against the against the expansion of expansion of slaveryslavery

Democrats Democrats opposed the opposed the expansion of expansion of slaveryslavery

United United against the against the extension of extension of slavery into slavery into the the territoriesterritories

Chart/Rep. PartyChart/Rep. Party

Know Nothing PartyKnow Nothing Party

against immigrationagainst immigration

•Slave from Missouri traveled with his owner to Illinois & Minnesota both free states.•His master died and Scott wanted to move back to Missouri---Missouri still recognized him as a slave.•He sued his master’s widow for his freedom since he had lived in a free state for a period of time.•Court case went to the Supreme Court for a decision-----National issue•Can a slave sue for his freedom?•Is a slave property?•Is slavery legal?

Picture/Dred ScottPicture/Dred Scott

Chart/Effect of ScottChart/Effect of Scott

•.

•Slaves cannot sue the U.S. for their freedom because they are

property.•They are not citizens and have no legal rights under the Constitution.

•Congress could not stop a slaveowner from moving his slaves

to a new territory•Missouri Compromise and all other compromises were unconstitutional

•Southerners see this as their ideal!!!

•Violent abolitionist

•Murdered 5 pro-slavery men in Kansas

•Involved in Bleeding Kansas

•Wanted to lead a slave revolt throughout the South by raising an army of freed slaves and destroying the South.

Picture/J.BrownPicture/J.Brown

•Attacked a U.S. Ammunition

depot in Harper’s Ferry, Virginia in Oct.

of 1859 to capture

weapons and begin his slave

revolt.

Picture/J.BrownPicture/J.Brown

•Unsuccessful and captured by USMC under the leadership of Robert E. Lee•Put on trial for treason. Picture/J.BrownPicture/J.Brown

•He was found guilty of treason and sentenced to death.

•His last words were to this effect: “I “I believe that the issue of slavery will believe that the issue of slavery will never be solved unless through the never be solved unless through the

shedding of blood.”shedding of blood.”

•Northerners thought of John Brown as a martyr to the abolitionist cause.

•Southerners were terrified that if John Brown almost got away with

this, there must be others like him in the North who are willing to die to

end slavery.

Picture/J.Brown HangingPicture/J.Brown Hanging

•Lincoln and Douglas both running for the U.S. Senate in Illinois.

•The debates were followed by the country because both candidates were interested in running for the

Presidency in 1860.•Slavery was the issue

•Lincoln stated:Lincoln stated: A House Divided against itself cannot stand. Either we become one or the other.

(Published Nationwide)•was against the expansion of slavery

•Douglas believed that slavery should be decided by the people.

•Popular sovereignty

Chart/L&D DebatesChart/L&D Debates

Douglas sticks with Popular Soverignty platform and does Douglas sticks with Popular Soverignty platform and does not endorse Dred Scott decision (Freeport Doctrine)not endorse Dred Scott decision (Freeport Doctrine)

SouthernersSoutherners would therfore not support Douglas for the would therfore not support Douglas for the presidency in 1860presidency in 1860Picture/ L&D DebatesPicture/ L&D Debates

Reading/Lincoln on slaveryReading/Lincoln on slavery

Election of 1860Election of 1860

• Dispute over Popular Soverignty/Dred Dispute over Popular Soverignty/Dred Scott leads to split among DemocratsScott leads to split among Democrats

• Split into Northern Democrats, Southern Split into Northern Democrats, Southern Democrats, and Constitutional Union Democrats, and Constitutional Union PartyParty

• Split allows Abraham Lincoln (Republican) Split allows Abraham Lincoln (Republican) to win Presidencyto win Presidency

Election of 1860Election of 1860

Country is Country is polarized polarized

(divided) over (divided) over the issue of the issue of

slavery.slavery.

Once Lincoln is elected as president,

South Carolina will secede from

the U.S. along with several

other Southern States.

They will They will form the form the

Confederate Confederate States of States of

America---CSAAmerica---CSA

•303 total electoral votes and

152 to win.

SecessionSecession