Místní předložky

autor: Robert Kočí

MÍSTNÍ PŘEDLOŽKY

AT, ON, IN

(A)ROUND, PAST IN FRONT OF, OUTSIDE BEHIND

UNDER, BELOW TO, INTO

OVER, THROUGH, ACROSS, VIA ABOVEFROM, OUT OF, OFF

BETWEEN, AMONG OPPOSITE UP, DOWN

TOWARDS ALONG NEXT TO, BY, BESIDE, AT, NEAR

EXERCISE 1 EXERCISE 2 EXERCISE 3

IN1) v prostoru, uvnitř něčeho - in the box, in the room

2) V ohraničené oblasti – in the garden, in the world

3) země, kontinenty, města, ulice – in France, in the street

4) světové strany – in the north of Italy

POZOR – in the picture (je součástí obrazu), in the sky, in the middle of

(uprostřed)

ON1) na něčem vodorovně i svisle – on the table, on the wall

2) dopravní prostředky kromě osobních aut – on the bus, on the train,

ale in the car

3) také - on the way home, on the second floor

AT1) zastávky, stanice, nádraží, letiště – at the bus stop

2) setkání lidí – at the party, at the concert

3) význam „u“ – at the doctor‘s

4) „na“ ale ve skutečnosti „u“ – at the traffic lights

5) spojení - at home, at school, at work

6) další spojení – at the end of …, at the top of …, apod.

TO, INTOAT, ON, IN – používáme při odpovědi na otázku - KDE?

TO, INTO – používáme při odpovědi na otázku KAM?

TO – do, k, na

SROVNEJ

She is at the airport. – She is going to the airport.

He is sitting in the room. – He ran into the room.

TO INTO

UNDER, BELOW

UNDER = POD (v prostoru)

The card is under the carpet.

There is a cat under the chair.

BELOW = POD (na ploše, na papíře, na zdi)

The temperature is below ten.

The switch is below the picture.

(A)ROUND, PAST

(A)ROUND = OKOLO, KOLEM

The road goes (a)round the church.

She is walking (a)round the room. (po)

It‘s (a)round the corner. (za)

PAST = KOLEM (něco minout)

Go past the church.

IN FRONT OF, OUTSIDEIN FRONT OF = PŘED

There is a boy in front of the board.

OUTSIDE – VENKU, PŘED

He waited for her outside the house.

BEHIND

BEHIND = ZA

There is a girl behind the desk.

FROM, OUT OF, OFFFROM = Z, OD

She is from England.

Some Czech words come from German.

OUT OF = (VEN) Z

He took a book out of the box.

Look out of the window.

Five out of ten.

OFF = Z (POVRCHU DOLŮ)

She fell off the bike.

Take your feet off the table.

OVER, THROUGH, ACROSS, VIA

OVER = PŘES (NAD)

Planes fly over our village.

THROUGH = PŘES, SKRZ

The road goes through the village.

ACROSS = PŘES (NAPŘÍČ)

The dog swam across the river.

VIA = PŘES (při cestování – přes města, stanice, apod.)

We flew from Prague to Chicago via Frankfurt.

ABOVE

ABOVE = NAD

There is a clock above the bed.

BETWEEN, AMONGBETWEEN = MEZI (dvěma)

There is a motorbike between the cars.

I usually get up between 6 and 7 am.

AMONG = MEZI (více nebo součást skupiny)

She will have to choose among Joe, Gary and Tom.

OPPOSITE

OPPOSITE = NAPROTI

There is a tent opposite the cottage.

UP, DOWN

UP = NAHORU PO, NA

Tom ran up the hill.

DOWN = DOLŮ PO, Z

John is climbing down the tree.

TOWARDS

TOWARDS = SMĚREM K

She went towards the window.

ALONG

ALONG = PODÉL, PO

She walked along the street.

There are a lot of trees along the wall.

NEXT TO, BY, BESIDE, NEARNEXT TO = VEDLE

Who sits next to you at school?

BESIDE = VEDLE, U

She walked beside him.

BY = VEDLE, U

Our house is by the river.

NEAR = VEDLE, U, BLÍZKO

Is there a bus stop near here?

1) There is a bridge the river.

1) There is a bridge the river.OVER

2) The dog is sleeping the kennel.

2) The dog is sleeping the kennel.IN

3) There is a mirror the washbasin.

3) There is a mirror the washbasin.ABOVE

4) There is a plate the fork and the knife.

4) There is a plate the fork and the knife.BETWEEN

4) The children are looking the window.

4) The children are looking the window.

OUT OF

5) There are some clouds the sky.

5) There are some clouds the sky. IN

6) He ran the road.

6) He ran the road. ACROSS

7) There are many beautiful stars the sky.

7) There are many beautiful stars the sky. IN

7) A bird flew into the room the window.

7) A bird flew into the room the window.

THROUGH

8) He is driving the new road.

8) He is driving the new road. ALONG

1) He has gone Moscow.

1) He has gone Moscow. TO

2) He flew from Germany to Spain France.

2) He flew from Germany to Spain France.

VIA

3) Lucy is standing the map.

3) Lucy is standing the map. IN FRONT OF

4) He jumped the water.

4) He jumped the water. INTO

5) She is hiding her umbrella.

5) She is hiding her umbrella. UNDER

6) The scarecrow is standing the field.

6) The scarecrow is standing the field. IN

7) He was driving the square all day long.

7) He was driving the square all day long.

(A)ROUND

8) The criminal is waiting for you the corner.

8) The criminal is waiting for you the corner.

(A)ROUND

1) She is sitting the picture.

1) She is sitting the picture. OPPOSITE

2) She is lying the floor and reading.

2) She is lying the floor and reading. ON

3) There were a lot of men the ship.

3) There were a lot of men the ship.ON

4) Go the house and you are there.

4) Go the house and you are there. PAST

5) There is a car the garage.

5) There is a car the garage. OUTSIDE

6) There is a helmet the balls.

6) There is a helmet the balls. AMONG

7) Eve is standing Joe.

7) Eve is standing Joe. BESIDE, BY,

NEXT TO

8) They are skiing the hill.

8) They are skiing the hill.DOWN