MIT 15-10 (Nov.)

The Voice of Military Communications and Computing

Enterprise Storage O Mashup Tools O Army Decision SupportInternet in Space O AFNet O Cyber-Response

Enterprise Architect

Teri Takai

Chief Information OfficerDoD

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C4November 2011

Volume 15, Issue 10

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Military inforMation technology noveMber 2011 voluMe 15 • issue 10

features cover / Q&a

21

DepartMents

inDustry interview

36

Teri TakaiChief Information OfficerDepartment of Defense

Rear Admiral Kenneth W. Deutsch (Ret.)

Vice President and Lead Executive Next Generation Enterprise Network

Program CSC

2

4

18

34

35

Editor’s Perspective

Program Notes/People

Data Bytes

COTSacopia

Calendar, Directory

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26

IP Over SatelliteAs international space assets become more prevalent and successful, will the international community leapfrog the U.S. in satellite capability by embracing a global approach to true IP over satellite first?By David Howgill

32

Spearheading Change on Data SharingThe Army Enterprise Management Decision Support system efficiently and automatically brings together data about unit readiness and training from a diverse array of information sources. By Harrison Donnelly

6

Storage on DemandAs data storage needs grow, the Defense Information Systems Agency is seeking a new version of contract providing enterprise storage capacity as a service, which when initiated represented the first sizable storage project of its kind anywhere.By Peter Buxbaum

29

Mashups for Real-Time Awareness DISA has implemented enterprise mashup technology, which dramatically reduces the time and effort required to combine disparate data and provide a mechanism to easily share, customize and apply to like situations. By Karen E. Thuermer

14

Air Force Builds “One Network”With some three dozen bases and nearly 20 percent of all users having made the transition, the Air Force is well along in its campaign to implement a single, servicewide network, known as AFNet, by the end of next year.By Harrison Donnelly

12

Balanced Cyber-Warfare PostureIntegration should be a priority in all three pillars of a cybersecurity program—people, processes and technology.By Jason Mical

As they look for greater efficiency and budget savings in the Department of Defense’s $38 billion IT budget, Chief Information Officer Teri Takai and other officials will no doubt be able to learn from the experiences of the nation’s intelligence agencies, which are embarking on a major restructuring of their IT systems.

The CIOs of the largest members of the intelligence community are scheduled in December to present a plan for a consolidated infor-mation architecture that will lead to common systems and informa-tion throughout much of the intelligence community.

While the catalyst for the transformation being embarked upon is the nation’s budget situation, Al Tarasiuk, CIO of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, said at the GEOINT 2011 Symposium this fall that its developers also see it as an opportunity to achieve greater integration and efficiency in IT operations.

The proposal calls for a new architecture with characteristics that include a single design back office and desktop; consolidation for infrastructures and provisioning of central services for all to use; a thin desktop for the majority of IC users, and thick client for a small number that will require the extra power; cloud technology implemented with a set of standards that will permit interoperability with other clouds; significant network consolidation; and widgetized applications.

“In addition, our operating model has to change,” Tarasiuk said. “We have to move from agencies managing their own IT environments to an IC enterprise model, where we’re managing on behalf of all. Some agency functions are unique and will have to remain separate, but we have to ensure their interoperability.

“Besides the cost reductions, the value proposition for the IC is that we can become more agile, and more able to stand up missions quickly. We will have capacity and ability to more easily search, and better integration. There will be improvements in information discovery, access and sharing, and a more defensible IT infrastructure,” he said.

Harrison DonnellyEditor

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www.MIT-kmi.com4 | MIT 15.10

Maj. Gen. Ronnie D. Hawkins Jr.

Air Force Major General Ronnie D. Hawkins Jr. has been nominated for appoint-ment to the rank of lieutenant general and for assignment as director, Defense Information Systems Agency. Hawkins is currently serving as deputy director, J8, for command, control, communications and computer systems, Joint Staff.

Air Force Brigadier General Linda R. Medler, who has been serving as assistant deputy director for net centric capabilities, J-8, Joint Staff, has been assigned as director of command, control, communi-cations and computer systems (J6), U.S. Cyber Command.

CSC has named Rear Admiral Kenneth W. Deutsch (Ret.) as vice president and lead exec-utive for CSC’s pursuit of the Department of the Navy’s Next Generation Enterprise Network contract.

American Systems, a provider of federal IT and engineering solutions, has announced the appointment of James Scampavia as vice president of business development, and Edward Lussier as vice presi-dent and executive director of the Professional Services Federal Market.

Harris has named Alex Heidt senior vice president of busi-ness development, reporting to John Heller, president, Harris IT Services. Heidt has served as vice president of Air Force programs at Harris IT Services since joining the company last year. In addition, George Helm has been named president of Harris RF-Communications’ Department of Defense busi-ness, succeeding Brendan O’Connell, who has been named president of Harris RF Communications’ interna-tional business.

Z Microsystems, a provider of field-ready computer systems, has named Richard Schmidt as chief financial officer, Jason Wade as vice president of product marketing and sales, and Randy Millar as vice presi-dent of engineering.

people

Compiled by KMI Media Group staff

PROGRAM NOTES

The Department of Defense has decided to cancel the Joint Tactical Radio System’s ( JTRS) Ground Mobile Radio (GMR) program and establish a new program that manages the evaluation, testing and delivery of affordable non-developmental item products fielded to operational units.

The decision represents a significant scaling back of the overall JTRS program, which had been dogged by development delays and targeted by Congress for spending reductions.

The GMR program was intended to develop a software-programmable radio system providing secure, reliable, multi-channel voice, data, imagery and video communica-tions for mobile military users.

James J. Mercer, spokesman for the JTRS Joint Program Executive Office ( JPEO), offered this statement in response to the action: “The Army and JPEO welcome this opportunity to pursue a new strategy to meet GMR requirements. Prior investment in software defined radios through the GMR and JTRS program has fostered competitive alternatives.

“The Army intends to conduct a full and open compe-tition in early 2012, leveraging mature technologies to provide soldiers with essential communications on the battlefield. The Army has committed to a new way of doing acquisition—an agile approach that emphasizes afford-ability, embraces innovation, supports competition and rewards technological maturity. The decision to cancel GMR is fully consistent with this approach. The existing GMR development contract, which expires in March 2012, will be closed out in a manner that supports a new strategy,” Mercer indicated.

In a November press briefing, GMR Program Manager Colonel Gregory M. Fields outlined the process for the alter-native program, a non-developmental item effort known as the Mid-Tier Networking Vehicular Radio (MNVR).

The first step in the source-selection process was a recently released draft document outlining the operational requirements for the desired equipment. A final request for proposals will be issued in early 2012, with a subsequent competition throughout that year to select from the avail-able radio market

The system will be required to provide a minimum throughput of 2 mbps between a source/destination node pair operating in point-to-point mode, with a minimum line-of-sight range of 8 kilometers. The system will also have to offer a minimum aggregate network throughput of 200 kbps.

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BUILT TO THRIVE IN HARSH ENVIRONMENTS


By Peter BuxBaum

mIt CorresPondent

as data storage needs grow, dIsa seeks new versIon of ContraCt ProvIdIng enterPrIse storage CaPaCIty as a servICe.

MIT 15.10 | 7www.MIT-kmi.com

Less than a decade ago, the proportion of IT bud-

gets spent on storage was in the single digits. Today,

it’s around 30 percent.

The reason is that military organizations, no less

than their commercial counterparts, have an insatiable

appetite for data. They want to slice, dice, crunch and

analyze that data, and never have to discard it. In addi-

tion, data sets are growing exponentially, especially

with the increased utilization of video and other imag-

ery in military applications.

The good news is that organizations have learned to

manage storage more efficiently. “The consolidation

and virtualization of servers means that you don’t need

as many of them,” said Mark Weber, president of the

U.S. public sector division at NetApp, a storage solu-

tions company. “But with defense budget cuts coming,

it is important that the military develop ways to get

even more efficient with storage.”


The Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) was out ahead of the storage management curve when it awarded an Enterprise Storage Services (ESS) contract to ViON Corp. in 2007. ESS provides storage capacity as a service, and was the first sizable storage project of its kind anywhere, according to John Garing, a former DISA chief information officer and now a ViON vice president.

Garing added that DISA started the concept of capacity on demand in 2001. The first competi-tively awarded capacity-on-demand contract was the Assured Computing Environment in 2003.

DISA issued a request for information over the summer, in anticipation of recompeting ESS next year. The RFI makes clear that DISA will be con-tinuing its “on-demand service approach.”

The ESS vendor will also be “required to pro-vide state-of-the-art storage capacity to meet new and emerging customer requirements and have the ability to replace existing DISA storage capacity that has exceeded its technical life.”

The contract will cover 11 locations in the continental United States as well as locations in Bahrain, Germany, Hawaii, Japan and South Korea. ViON will be vying for a renewal of its contract.

“DISA was a pioneer in the on-demand model,” said Garing. “It is not outsourcing, it is smart sourcing. DISA set the conditions and rules, and industry has caught on. ViON provides the capac-ity services and uses technology from vendors that provide storage. We provide storage as a service.”

The storage service works and is billed much as a utility. “We provide capacity on demand that DISA can turn on and off at will in a matter of days rather than months or years,” Garing explained. “They pay for it like an electric bill. If they use more they pay more. If they use less the bill goes down.”

Besides the operational flexibility that the sys-tem affords, configuring storage as a service also makes it quicker and easier to acquire capacity from a regulatory standpoint, Garing added. It also eliminates the practice of data center owners to overprovision in order to ensure adequate capacity. Garing believes that ESS shaved DISA’s overall stor-age costs by at least 30 percent.

“In my opinion the current ESS contract has been a huge success,” said Weber. “ViON has done a great job. The next contract will be even bigger and more important. DISA and its customers will be able to acquire storage capacity without having to commit capital to acquire equipment.”

NetApp is a provider of disk storage capacity under the current ESS contract.

storage modes

Storage media comes in a number of different flavors, such as hard drives—including solid state and flash media—online storage, disks and off-line tape storage for archiving, backups and

disaster recovery. “We use all storage modes as part of ESS,” said Garing. “We do what the government wants. We are not locked into a particular vendor. We keep it as generic as possible.”

Disks are currently DISA’s main storage mode, according to Garing. “They are moving more to solid state storage where necessary and where it makes sense,” he said.

The drive toward storage efficiency has meant that IT experts have had to rethink their metrics. “Storage used to be measured on the basis of dol-lars per terabyte of capacity,” said Weber. “That is not the answer for every application. We think more about storage efficiency. We put 90 percent of our research and development dollars into making bet-ter utilization of storage capacity.”

This efficiency is achieved through software that among other things automatically deletes data duplicates.

There is also the question of backup. All data needs to be backed up in order to be recovered in case of failure or disaster. “Different users and applications have different restoration require-ments,” said John Pearring, manager of sales for STORServer. “Some need immediate access to lost data. In other cases they need to bring an entire data center back up within 48 hours of a disaster. Just because data is stored doesn’t mean individual users can all restore stuff the same way.”

STORServer provides an appliance that auto-matically backs up data to specified media.

Storage capacity acquired under the next ESS contact is likely to include more solid state and flash storage media and less use of disks and tape. This is attributable to advances making solid state and flash more cost-effective. Solid state storage is the fastest storage medium, but provides low data density and results in a high cost per unit of storage. Flash stor-age, although slower than solid state drives, offers a high level of data storage density, at one-fifth the price per unit of storage.

Pure Storage provides flash memory for storage, which performs better than disk arrays and at a lower cost, according to Matt Kixmoeller, the com-pany’s vice president of products. Flash memory provides 30 to 50 times the capacity of spinning disk arrays, but normally costs 10 times as much.

“We do two things to drive down costs,” said Kixmoeller. “We use consumer grade flash memory instead of enterprise grade but we use a large pool of it. We also use in-line data reduction techniques like compression and deduplication of data, which allow us to store anywhere from five to 20 times more data on the same amount of flash, thus reduc-ing its effective price.”

Kixmoeller sees three key advantages of flash memory over disks: performance, size and power consumption. “With a flash array we can deliver 10 times higher performance than a disk array, while the size of the array is 10 times smaller,” he said. “A data center can reduce a storage disk array from the size of a

Matt Kixmoeller

Mark Weber

John Pearring

[email protected]

John Garing

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www.MIT-kmi.com.

couple of refrigerators to the size of a microwave. Reducing the size makes the data center cheaper to operate. Flash also con-sumes much less power.”

Global Discovery Inc. (GDI) is offering to provide solid state server and storage enhancements to government agencies, which the company claims will be deployed at one-third the cost of tra-ditional server storage and will provide a saving of 65 percent on energy bills for IT data centers.

“Solid state server and storage is a very well-kept secret,” said Glenn Ziccardi, the company’s chief executive officer. “But GDI and its teaming partners have been working with a number of companies on bringing this newest technology to government agencies. GDI appliances will be able to be shipped directly to military sites and self installed by local personnel.”

GDI’s appliance can be overlaid on the existing network without degrading current network performance, according to Ziccardi. “GDI’s patented solutions can collect or process multi-intelligence information across agency boundaries and keep the data and network secure while collecting petabytes of information and providing superior analytics performance,” he added. “GDI provides capabilities using vendor independent and recognized standard protocols that enable the edge appliance to interact with legacy drive appliances and servers.”

LeveragIng software

Software can be leveraged to maximize the capacity and effi-ciency of data stored on hard drives, noted Weber. While NetApp’s spinning disk storage arrays can provide capacity exceeding one petabyte, the software that the company provides is what maxi-mizes the efficiency of its disk storage space.

“Without the software, the typical disk utilization is only 25 percent,” he said. “With NetApp software, we can get utilization up to 70 percent to 80 percent on the disk.”

One result is that an organization can invest in a lower level of storage capacity. “With our technology, they are able to drive efficiencies in their storage systems and to lower their total cost of ownership,” said Weber.

The increased utilization of disks and the lower investment necessary in storage capacity also yields savings in space, power and cooling requirements for storage apparatus, while providing environmen-tal benefits, Weber noted.

NetApp also provides virtualization software that limits the duplication of data by pointing users to an original stored copy of a data block. “This also maximizes the utilization and efficiency of disk space,” said Weber, “and also makes disk storage more cost-effective.”

Hewlett Packard offers a line of storage systems, including the HP X9000 active-archive disk system and the ESL G3 tape library, which also includes its StoreOnce Data Deduplication Software, an integrated disk-based backup appliance, to help manage storage capacity.

“Using disks for backup is changing the face of storage,” said Sean Kinney, director of product marketing at HP Storage. “Disk-based backup with deduplication is replacing tape as the preferred backup and disaster recovery medium. Specialized disks and tape are used for long-term storage and archiving. Disks are more

expensive than tape, but much faster. Deduplication allows you to reduce the amount of data stored.”

The StoreOnce appliances can be configured in as few as five steps, according to Kinney. Earlier this year HP introduced the StoreOnce D2D4324, which contains up to 72 terabytes of usable storage with performance of up to four terabytes per hour. “The lower end of the line is generally used in small to mid-sized accounts and in remote offices,” said Kinney, “while the higher end products are generally used by enterprise accounts for their data centers.” Existing customers of HP management tools will probably not have to invest in or learn more software tools, he added.

STORServer provides a storage backup appliance that seeks to remove the complexity from backing up different kinds of data stored at different locations and owned by different organizations. “It allows you to get a handle on buckets of storage located any-where from private clouds to data centers to work stations,” said Pearring. “An appliance is an integrated composite of equipment and software that connects to an enterprise’s communications framework and allows everything on the network to be backed up and restored.”

CaPaCIty and Cost

The alternative to the appliance approach is to deal with hard-ware and software in pieces and parts, leading to potential incom-patibilities and difficulties with service and support contracts.

“Our appliance is agnostic to the type of storage,” said Pear-ring. “The backup can be assigned to any type of storage desired and it allows for faster recovery. It also makes it easier to adapt to new backup media as those media evolve.”

STORServer’s appliance is sold through resellers and is usually installed as part of a larger project, such as a server reconfiguration.

Fundamentally, considerations of performance, capacity and cost will continue to dominate the thinking about enterprise stor-age and will be reflected in the renewal of DISA’s ESS contract.

“There are going to be budget cuts,” said Weber. “To get the storage job done you need to take advantage of efficiency. The approach taken by DISA has the effect of driving down costs.”

At the same time, the military is going to require an ever growing level of storage capacity, density and performance. “They are going to be continuing to ingest big data files like video,” said Weber. “This is going to require high performance, or otherwise they won’t be able to get the job done. They need incredible levels of density. You can’t maintain football fields full of this stuff.”

ViON will be competing for a renewal of its ESS contract with DISA. “As the incumbent we know the

customer very well and we believe we know what the customer needs,” said Garing. “We intend to leverage that experience going forward.” O

Sean Kinney

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Despite increased regulation, oversight and spending, the federal government is experiencing increased security inci-dents. According to the October 2011 GAO Information Security report, federal security incidents have increased by 650 percent over the last five years.

Federal agencies have placed great emphasis on preventa-tive measures, while approaching incident response with a bag of disparate tools utilized by disparate teams. Yet, given the immeasurable increase in the number of attackers and exploits, it’s easy to argue that more attention should be paid to optimiz-ing response.

In a June 2010 article in a Department of Defense blog, “Armed with Science,” General Keith Alexander, head of U.S. Cyber Command, stated, “… we have been leaning forward and building an organization and a mission alignment that is more integrated, synchronized and effective ….”

Integrated, synchronized and effective should extend beyond people and processes to include the technology deployed in facilitating incident response. The incident response infrastruc-ture is an agency’s last line of defense, so having a few different teams, each juggling a bunch of tools, is not the most effective approach.

We know that in order to identify and address security incidents, seven standard capabilities are required. As of yet, however, federal agencies accomplish these capabilities with a variety of tools, and correlating the intelligence gathered with these disparate tools is largely a manual process. These capabili-ties are network forensics, monitoring, host forensics, malware analysis, large-scale data auditing, collaboration and reporting, and remediation.

AccessData is a provider of each of the above technologies and has integrated them into a single cyber-intelligence and response platform. It works within existing infrastructures to enable compliance with FISMA and NIST guidelines by achiev-ing the following:

Increased intrusion detection and decreased recovery time. Network or security operations centers (NOC/SOC) can more quickly validate alerts and make sense out of event logs with real-time visualization of network traffic, as well as integrated correlation of associated host data. Even when signature-based solutions fail, agencies can detect threats through automated enterprise scanning, as well as graphic illustration of network communication flows to identify anomalous behavior.

When a potential threat is detected, personnel can drill down into suspect nodes to see what is happening in real time, along with automated threat scores of binaries. The platform will then do automated disassembly and data flow analysis of suspect bina-ries to determine behavioral intent. This allows for the detection and validation of malicious code without waiting for another

team to perform heuristics or dynamic analysis. Finally, after scanning to identify all affected computers, batch remediation can be performed.

Continuous monitoring, even when assets are not logged onto the network. Unlike other network monitoring solutions, the integrated platform is not blind when a laptop user leaves the network. A new host-based network forensics technology allows everything leaving from and coming onto a laptop (dis-connected node) to be recorded. In addition, the platform moni-tors files being copied to or from removable media.

Detection and remediation of PII and classified spillage. By performing regularly scheduled automated audits of the enter-prise, agencies can detect spillage that DLP solutions routinely miss. Once spillage is detected, integrated network and host analysis allows information assurance teams to identify the origin of the spill, how it happened, as well as all other compro-mised assets. Finally, IA teams are able to perform batch wiping when policies allow.

Proactive approach to addressing internal threats. NOC/SOC and IA teams can proactively scan for unauthorized applications and access. The ability to correlate data at rest with data in motion allows these teams to determine the behavior and intent of an employee, and built-in remediation allows unauthorized applications to be removed or disabled. Once a potentially mali-cious insider has been identified, personnel are able to monitor all the suspect’s actions on and off the network, including use of removable media.

Achieving a collaborative, synchronized environment. Inte-grated cyber-intelligence and response technology creates a col-laborative ecosystem, providing different views into the network environment, tailored to suit the needs of the various parties using the solution. Multiple responders and analysts can be permitted to log into the platform to work an incident simulta-neously and to report real-time status and metrics up and down the chain of command.

Integration should be a priority in all three pillars of a cyber-security program—people, processes and technology. The right technology can facilitate an integrated, collaborative approach among the various teams and their processes, while facilitating a far more effective information security program. O

Jason Mical is director of network forensics, AccessData Group. For more information, contact Erika Lee: [email protected]


www.MIT-kmi.com.

By Jason mICaL

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With some three dozen bases and nearly 20 percent of all users having made the transition, the Air Force is well along in its campaign to implement a single, servicewide network, known as AFNet, by the end of next year.

Reflecting the “one Air Force, one network” construct, AFNet will consolidate separate Air Force base communications networks into a single enterprise for web, email and security operations.

Along with the Army’s current joint effort with the Defense Information Systems Agency to establish an enterprise email system, the AFNet program is part of the growing trend among the military services to increase efficiency and security by com-bining networks and services. The goal of the multiyear Air Force effort is to take all of the disparate networks that have grown up out of necessity from different organizations, major commands and centers, and bring them together into one standardized, cohesive network that can be commanded and controlled by a single entity.

As of late October, the transition from local networks to AFNet had just been completed at Schriever Air Force Base, Colo., and was under way at the Peterson, Colo., Malmstrom, Mont., Buckley, Colo., and F.E. Warren, Wyo., bases.

All told, the AFNet project will include migration and legacy-network shutdown activities at more than 410 locations and 14 legacy major command/unit Active Directory environments, and an estimated 845,000 users. The number of independent Air Force NIPRNet connections has also fallen from more than 100 to 16, thus improving security. In addition, the many base data centers will be consolidated into three regional facilities, at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, Andrews AFB, Md., and Scott AFB, Ill.

The new network will offer many user benefits, develop-ers say, including enabling personnel to work anywhere in the system, use a single sign-on and email address, and have immediate, round-the-clock access to collaborative tools. But the most important benefit, developers say, lies in the ser-vice’s ability to run a single, consistent, standards-based net-work environment, not many such environments across major commands.

The transition is being overseen by the Air Force Network Integration Center (AFNIC), located at Scott AFB. Command of the network will reside with the 24th Air Force, the ser-vice’s recently established cyber command, which is under Air Force Space Command (AFSPC). General William L. Shelton,

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commander of AFSPC, told Congress this spring that consolida-tion into AFNet was a “top priority.”

Along with AFNIC, the Air Force Electronic Systems Center (ESC) is also involved with AFNet, providing systems engineer-ing and life cycle acquisition expertise, and exercising responsi-bility for the modernization, fielding and sustainment of AFNet capabilities.

The way for full deployment of the network had been cleared earlier this year, when a report by the Air Force Operational Test and Evaluation Center report found that the first increment of the system was “suitable, effective and mission capable.”

The gateways installed under the program have already been extremely effective in detecting and blocking malicious software and intrusion attempts, according to Michael Kaplan, chief, AFNet Systems Branch, Cyber Integration Division, ESC. “In an average quarter since they went operational, approximately 25,000 malicious intrusions are blocked, 130,000 viruses caught and more than 225 million pieces of spam detected and blocked.”

Due to web enablement of mission applications and the deci-sion to allow social media use on the Air Force network, the gateways are handling far more throughput than was originally planned and spurring efforts to increase the throughput capa-bilities of the gateways, Kaplan indicated.

mIgratIon ImPLementatIon

Although the first efforts to move to a “single force, single domain” architecture in the Air Force began as early as 2000, the project really got under way around 2005, when the Office of the Secretary of the Air Force called on AFNIC, then known as the Air Force Communications Agency, to develop a single-network design, recalled Nick Davenport, program manager for AFNet transi-tion. The implementation began in 2009 with a migration at Keesler AFB, Miss.

The migration has been a relatively lengthy process because the array of legacy networks, equipment and mission is unique at nearly every base or other facility. “Each location is pretty dif-ferent, in areas such as where their mail services are located, how they have set up their Active Directory and what type of group policy they have,” Davenport explained. “Each base is its own analysis each time, so it’s impossible to go in at this level to do a migration of each domain without going into each subdomain and look at the unique aspects of it. That’s what we do base by base as we move through the migration.”

While a goal of the project is to offer standardized, enterprise-level services that are needed by everyone, such as authentica-tion, email and SharePoint, each location also has specialized needs that may require a customized approach—for example, a medical unit that has to have certain group policy exemptions. “That is a life and limb type of situation, so we go in and ask, how do we make that work in the AFNet? It requires some engi-neering and design expertise to go in and say, we need to enable reachback, and eventually to be able to bring this service from the legacy into the AFNet,” Davenport said.

The other big challenge in the program as a whole is the acquisition process, he added. “We continue to operate under the

standard acquisition process rules when we do our acquisitions. We try as best we can to meet a schedule, so we have to start acquisitions early on in the process. As we do the base by base analysis, we have found that it is very difficult, once you start an acquisition process, to go back in and say, now that we’ve figured out one thing at a particular base, we have to add something to our acquisition. But adding things to an acquisition is fairly difficult under the current process. So that is a challenge in itself—balancing the acquisition process with the speed that we need to move the migrations forward at.”

To support migrations at each base, AFNIC relies on local contractors and a small team of people from the 690th Network Support Group, which goes on-site to help troubleshoot prob-lems. While AFNet does not represent a full “tech refresh” of base equipment, hardware acquisitions are frequently necessary—new servers, for example, because the legacy network infrastruc-ture has to be maintained until the transition is complete.

Since the process involves both migration and consolidation, it is also gaining efficiencies in numbers of servers. “We gener-ally have about 28 virtual servers that are deployed to a site, even when their exchange gets moved to a central location,” Davenport noted. “Those 28 servers reside on three physical servers in a virtual infrastructure, so we’re trying to leverage the new technologies that are out there to reduce the operations and maintenance footprint, as well as the sustainment footprint in the out years.”

For the future, AFNet planners are already thinking about potential links with the other military services. “The Army is going through its email migration, and we have had some infor-

mation interchanges, so that we can look at what they have done. The next step we have with the other services is to sit down with the Army and have our technical people talk together and do a synch-up of lessons learned and issues they have seen in their migrations, and what we have seen in ours,” Davenport said.

“What we’re doing is posturing ourselves inside the Air Force, through this migration and consoli-dation, to be able to take advantage of offerings from the DoD level for enterprise services, such as email, a collaboration environment or any ser-vices that would benefit greatly and are not solely

Air Force services. We want to make that transition as easy as possible for Air Force users,” he noted, while adding, “Obviously, there are certain things that will remain in the Air Force for the long term.”

Industry roLe

In addition to local contractors, several companies with national scope have been working with the Air Force on AFNET.

General Dynamics, for example, first began supporting the AFNet program in 2003, evaluating options for the Air Force to improve the security and operation of the enterprise network.

To carry out the initiative, General Dynamics was selected as a partner with a two-year contract valued at $35.7 million issued in 2009 by the Air Force for a redesign of the net-work to include configuration, testing and deployment of the new intranet. General Dynamics consolidated more than 100

Nick Davenport

www.MIT-kmi.com MIT 15.10 | 17

worldwide network interfaces to 16 gateways; integrated more than 80 new and existing components into the network; con-ducted developmental and integration testing to ensure func-tionality and introduced new security tools to protect and defend the network from intruders.

These efforts improved security by blocking unauthorized incoming message traffic, which was more than 60 percent of the total incoming message traffic and was comprised mostly of malicious emails or spam. The program also enhanced situ-ational awareness and intrusion prevention capabilities.

Serco, meanwhile, is assisting the AFNIC in developing the AFNet roadmap, modeling operational mission threads on network management, security, cloud computing, and the interconnected transport layers of the air, space and terrestrial domains of cyber superiority. AFNIC uses Serco architectures as the baseline for decision briefings to the commander, AFSPC, provide program guidance to acquisition programs, and identify capability requirements for Cyberspace Command and Control and Situation Awareness that supports improvements for the 24th Air Force operations centers.

Serco is also assisting the Air Force Command and Control Integration Center in developing future requirements for the airborne layer of the AFNet, and enabling them to build in interoperability with the other components of the Air Force and joint network environment. The AFNet architecture shows both a systems requirements and business process view of how the

Air Force will transform its information enterprise from being base-centric to becoming net-centric. A central component of the company’s approach to developing interoperable solutions is to leverage current architecture development work it is under-taking for AFNIC.

In addition, NCI was recently awarded the AFNet Requisite Engineering Support (ARES) competitive task order, under which the company will provide engineering and subject matter expert implementation support services for critical programs within the Air Force Electronic Systems Center’s AFNet Support Branch. The 22-month task order, announced in September, rep-resents an award value of approximately $23 million.

The ARES task order provides technical and subject mat-ter expertise across 13 separate support areas, including: engineering services support across the AFNet enterprise, vul-nerability life cycle management system integration and opera-tional support, and AFNet situational awareness operational and engineering support. NCI’s engineers and subject matter experts will provide mission-critical support at 15 key Air Force bases. O


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In field deployment locations such as runway radio and equipment huts, network hardware must be rugged enough to withstand extremes of temperature and humidity. The temperature-hardened Fujitsu Flashwave 4100 ES Micro Packet Optical Networking Platform offers industrial-grade components, making this system an ideal choice for locations where there is no environmental control. Already proven in tens of thousands of environmentally challenging locations all over North America, the Flashwave 4100 ES system is not just durable. It’s also compact, only 2 RU high, and highly flexible. The modular backplane provides 12 service slots per chassis, and the system can support multiple combinations of DS1-3, OC-3/12/48, as well as Ethernet over any access medium. The Flashwave 4100 ES is

the optimal platform for delivering high concentrations of SONET or MEF-certified Ethernet services in a broad range of demanding applications. Overall, the Flahwave 4100 ES is a space-saving, scal-able, flexible platform that’s simple to configure, deploy and operate. It’s also resilient and hardened enough to function reliably in the toughest deployment environments.

The AN/PRC-148 Joint Tactical Radio System Enhanced Multiband Inter/Intra Team Radio ( JEM) from Thales Communications has received Joint Interoperability Test Command ( JITC) certi-fication for the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) SATCOM Integrated Waveform (IW). Thales’ SATCOM IW capa-bility eliminates the need for war-fighters to carry their existing heavy, manpack tactical radio systems, and enables each member of the team to deploy with a fully interoperable, beyond-line-of-sight (BLOS) capability. The JITC certification gives users access to SATCOM IW on their fielded AN/PRC-148 JEMs via software upgrade, producing minimal impact on deployed radios and requiring minimal oper-ator intervention. The IW upgrade will provide both commanders and users with

increased voice quality, higher data throughput, improved user HMI, and increased command and control capability on the battlefield, all in a smaller, lighter package. As the demand for SATCOM has increased in current opera-tions around the world, SATCOM IW offers a signifi-cant increase in capacity over legacy Demand Assigned Multiple Access SATCOM. SATCOM IW, developed by the Defense Information Systems Agency, doubles UHF SATCOM capacity of existing commu-nications services employing Time Division Multiple Access methods. The AN/PRC-148 JEM, an evolution of the battle-proven AN/PRC-148 MBITR, is the smallest, lightest, and most power-efficient tactical handheld radio in use today covering the 30-512 MHz frequency range.

Optical Networking Platform Withstands Rugged Conditions

Expanding its fielding efforts, Product Manager Network Systems (PdM NS), which is assigned to the Army’s Program Executive Office Command, Control and Communications-Tactical, has awarded a $66 million contract to Harris for the procurement of eight brigade combat teams (BCTs) worth of AN/PRC-117G radios. These radios will support the modernization of brigade combat team tactical communications and the LandWarNet/Battle Command G3/5/7 validated requirement to field the AN/PRC-117G radios to eight infantry BCTs in the first quarter of FY13. The AN/PRC-117G radios are also playing a key role in the Army’s Network Integration Evaluation being held this fall. The wireless AN/PRC-117G radio can simultaneously transmit voice and data. It allows troops to exchange large amounts of tactical data, such as video and biometrics. The radio can support small unit operations and connect the tactical edge with forces at company level and above.

Army Procures Radios for Eight Brigade Combat

Teams

Interoperability Command Certifies SATCOM Integrated

Waveform

The Marine Corps will soon be using a tactical smartphone network devel-oped by Lockheed Martin to support humanitarian assistance and disaster relief mission exercises. The Marine Corps Forces Pacific Experimentation Center has acquired the MONAX system, which the Office of Naval Research purchased, a portable private 4G network that provides voice, data and video services through commercial Smartphone technologies. MONAX provides users with a 4G private network they can operate anywhere. This secure broadband network system connects off-the-shelf smartphones to a cellular base station infrastructure, enabling users to securely send and receive data rich information to its users. By using a secure RF Link, communica-tions are protected through strong export-able encryption enabling the transfer of pertinent and sensitive information. MONAX can connect hundreds of users to a single base station, which is more than normal commercial carrier limits of approximately 40 per sector.

Tactical Smartphone Network to

Support Marine Exercises


GE Intelligent Platforms and Juniper Networks have agreed to work together to develop a family of rugged, highly secure routing and network security appliances designed for military/aerospace deployment in harsh environments where security of data is paramount. The resulting solutions will be sold by GE Intelligent Platforms. The RTR8GE is the first product to be announced. A battle-ready, rugged and security-focused network router, it features the comprehensive field-tested Junos operating system from Juniper Networks. Juniper Networks’ Junos operating system offers a comprehensive list of dynamic, robust features that provide intrusion prevention and detection, firewalls, packet inspection, authentication and access control. Its firewall, intrusion prevention and detection, and extensive quality of service capabilities enable secure IPv4/IPv6 connec-tivity for military vehicles, aircraft and forward operating bases supporting net-centric opera-tions. The RTR8GE has eight Gigabit Ethernet ports integrated in a SWaP-optimized enclo-sure that meets the demanding environmental requirements of military/aerospace applica-tions. The RTR8GE router supports radio-aware router protocols that monitor network efficiency, available bandwidth and regulate traffic flow, choosing the most efficient network route in mobile, ad-hoc battlefield network environ-ments. It also includes anti-tamper protection and information-assurance technologies in recognition of the sensitive nature of the data it is designed to transport.

Cobham has intro-duced a mobile TracStar Live Remote Interface (TracLRI) product, a web-based satellite antenna terminal configu-ration accessory. Cobham’s TracLRI communicates with any TracStar antenna controller unit and allows the user to easily configure and remotely monitor satellite auto-acquisition opera-tions using a standard web browser available on a variety of devices such as PCs, tablets and smartphones. In addition, the TracLRI incorporates the patent-pending TracPSD feature that automatically mitigates

certain types of satellite interfer-ence by managing the power spectral density input of the antenna. The TracLRI can store hundreds of custom antenna profiles for many combinations of modems, RF equipment and satellites. It also provides intui-tive, web-based access to satel-lite alignment and performance data making it possible for users to globally manage their remote terminals. The TracLRI includes the following func-tionality: TracPSD—automated mitigation of satellite interfer-ence due to excessive power spectral density; Ethernet-based

(wired or wireless) access to the antenna controller; advanced modification of parameters including satellite setup, scan and mode settings and modem setup; custom profiles for major satellite modems and satellite networks; pre-stored param-eters allow end-users simple one-button “Run/Deploy” and “Stop/Stow” for multiple satel-lites and networks; built-in display of antenna acquisition parameters, alert status, signal-to-noise ratio, signal strength, azimuth, elevation and polar-ization; and local and remote system diagnostics.

Adapx has announced a new contract with the Army Research Laboratory’s Simulation and Training Technology Center to build advanced speech and sketch inter-faces for course-of-action simula-tors. The Capturx natural interfaces enable commanders of small units to model outcomes faster and improve deci-sion-making without the distractions and data-capture obstacles of today’s complex C2 and C4ISR interfaces. The RDECOM contract covers Adapx technology, which commanders can use to create digital courses of action by speaking commands as they sketch on digital maps using touch-screen computers. Commanders will be able to enter data into computer simulators by using their standard oper-ating procedures—speaking in natural military jargon and sketching plans and military symbols on maps. With the click of a button, the spoken and sketched commands become digital courses of action for immediate simulation. Warfighters can

easily capture the structured data required by simulators without the extra time and distractions of cumbersome menu- and keyboard-driven computer interfaces. Capturx Command and Control Solutions enable warfighters to quickly capture ISR data or create digital courses of action using speech and sketch with touch-screen computers in vehicles or Android hand-helds when dismounted. With Capturx Forms and GIS solutions, warfighters can instantly capture and share data written on paper forms and maps using digital pens which integrate data directly into central databases, GIS, and C4ISR systems.

Web-Based Satellite Antenna Controller Supports Easy Configuration Alliance to Develop

Military/Aerospace Router and Network Security Appliances

Natural Interfaces Enable Faster Decision Making


Enterprise ArchitectStrengthening the Ability to Share Information Quickly and Securely

Q&AQ&A

Teri Takai is the Department of Defense chief information officer (DoD CIO). She serves as the principal adviser to the secretary of defense for information management/information technology and information assurance as well as non-intelligence space systems, criti-cal satellite communications, navigation and timing programs, spec-trum and telecommunications. She provides strategy, leadership and guidance to create a unified information management and technology vision for the department and to ensure the delivery of information technology based capabilities required to support the broad set of department missions.

Takai previously served as CIO for the state of California. As a member of the governor’s cabinet, she advised on the strategic man-agement and direction of information technology resources as the state worked to modernize and transform the way California does busi-ness with its citizens. As California’s CIO, she led more than 130 CIOs and 10,000 IT employees spread across the state’s different agencies, departments, boards, commissions and offices.

Prior to her appointment in California, Takai served as director of the Michigan Department of Information Technology. In this position, she restructured and consolidated Michigan’s resources by merging the state’s information technology into one centralized department to service 19 agencies.

Before serving in state government, Takai worked for the Ford Motor Co. for 30 years, where she led the development of the com-pany’s information technology strategic plan. She also held positions in technology at EDS and Federal-Mogul Corp. She earned a Master of Arts degree in management and a Bachelor of Arts degree in math-ematics from the University of Michigan.

Takai was interviewed by MIT Editor Harrison Donnelly.

Q: How would you describe your vision of your role as DoD CIO?

A: The vision for the organization is really an interesting one, in that we have several roles to play within DoD. One of them is our role to represent the Secretary of Defense as it relates to information tech-nology matters, for instance in international forums, particularly in working with NATO. We’re responsible for the position, navigation and timing [PNT] activity, and are a part of a committee that looks at PNT activities across the federal government. Another big role we play is as the Secretary’s representative in negotiations relating to spectrum. So these are some functions that are a critical part of what we do, and I like to talk about them because I think they sometimes get lost in the broader role that we have.

The second area we’re focused on now is to look at how we use tech-nology across DoD. Our current estimate of budget is $38 billion of IT spending. The challenge for us, with the increasing budget pressures, is that we’re going to need to take some efficiencies in terms of the way

we use IT, and the way we spend on IT. Of course, we’re also getting pressure from OMB to be part of the overall savings. One challenge for us is to look at the way we’re spending money and ask whether we could spend it more effectively if we didn’t spend it in the stovepiped way we do today. The second thing that goes along with how DoD uses technol-ogy is for us to operate well as an enterprise [with] information sharing, and our ability to provide information to those in the organization who need it, and particularly being more able to easily share information closer and closer to the warfighter, and then finally getting it to the warfighter. Right now, many of our legacy systems and networks aren’t necessarily architected to be able to do that. We believe the enterprise approach is extremely important, so that moving forward, we can start to break down those barriers and really be able to do true information sharing.

The third piece of this is that, when you’re going to be doing infor-mation sharing, you also have to make sure that it is well secured. So the challenge for us also is that because we architect our IT solutions differently now, it’s very difficult for us to assure security at all times—things like a uniform, standard way of getting our patches out there in a timely fashion. We get it done, but it’s different in different areas, and it’s difficult to track what’s getting done because we have so many differ-ent environments. So it’s really three different reasons, but it gets you to the point where we’re looking at IT much differently. Everyone asks if this means we’re going to have one standard way of doing it, or that this is going to be consolidation and people are going to be restricted by what they need to do. The answer is no. We’re so big, there’s no reason we have to do it only one way, but we certainly don’t need to be

Teri TakaiChief Information Officer

Department of Defense


doing it the thousands of ways that we’re doing it today. There’s a happy medium in between.

The vision that we’ve laid out is that we want to see the military services moving in this direction, and they are. Each of the services now has an efficiency plan that includes how they are going to operate as their own enterprise. What we need from my office is to be able to create the services they need from an overall technology perspective—things like email and identity management. Those things shouldn’t be created on a military service-by-service basis, but should be architected across them. Then each group can use those services and be able to architect them into their solutions. That still says that we have to be able to find and architect the technology solutions that allow us to do information sharing between the military services, because we have to make sure that the combatant commands have the information they need. While the services do their mandatory recruit, train and equip function, we have to make sure that the COCOMs also have the neces-sary information. It’s a piecing together of all those, to get to the point where we can share information very quickly when we need it, and be able to do it securely. That’s the bottom line that we’re trying to get to, and there’s a lot of intermediate steps along the way.

Q: What is the current status of the reorganization of the former office of the assistant secretary of defense for networks and information integration (NII) structure?

A: We’ve been through a reorganization process that started before I came on board, when Secretary Gates said he would like to see the office reorganized to be able to focus on many of the things we’ve talked about. Secretary Gates signed out direction to us before he left. The salient points of that direction are that DISA will remain a single combat-support organization, under the CIO. The CIO will be renamed from the NII/CIO to being just CIO. Having said that, many of the responsibilities that we have remain the same—we’re responsible for the overall architecture direction and the areas that I talked about earlier. One of the key areas that’s changing is that we are also doing some acquisition functions. Those functions will be going to AT&L. My role will still be a part of the acquisition process, in an advisory role, but we won’t have a governing role. That part of the overall process in the building is assigned to AT&L, and those governing functions I currently oversee will move to AT&L.

The other piece of the reorganization is that it states that there will be a close relationship between the DoD CIO and CYBERCOM. There was recognition that, in working with CYBERCOM, USD Policy has a major role in terms of setting policy as it relates to any type of military operation. But there needed to be a technology group as well that partnered with CYBERCOM, because they’re looking at what type of technology solutions that they need to operate, protect and defend the network, and the technology is a big part of them being able to do that. We have a very close working relationship, so that as I’m looking at how to restructure the technology, it fits with what CYBERCOM needs in order to do their role. That was informal before, but will be more formal as we move forward in our relationship.

Q: What do you see as the biggest challenges facing DoD in the field of information technology?

A: Interestingly, I don’t think our major challenges are the technology itself. Our major challenge is to be able to protect, and also get better at deploying new technologies quickly. I know we tend to blame that on

the acquisition process, which I think is a bit of a misnomer. It isn’t our acquisition process; it’s the full suite of processes that we use to bring on new technologies. They have grown up over time, and were built for very large IT implementations. The world is going to much faster, more agile deliveries, rather than the big projects that we were used to. We’re not equipped, from a process perspective or the way we’re organized, to take advantage of that. That’s one of the reasons we’re working with the military services and other CIOs to get a better governance model, so we know what we’re spending on, moving toward more standard approaches in the way we do things. We’re trying to take some of the areas I’ve talked about, such as enterprise services, and rather than everyone creating their own, have a service that people can use. That’s an efficiency, but it also impacts where we’re going.

Our challenges are around the fact that we’re decentralized. We tend to create the same technology solutions over and over in our dif-ferent areas. We have to understand the fine line between when we want a standard service that people use, and when we allow the flexibility so that everyone has the capability to do their job. That’s a challenge, not only at DoD but across all IT organizations. How do you put enough rigor in to allow people to go faster, but not so much that it inhibits innovation?

Q: What has surprised you most that you have learned since taking the job about DoD information programs?

A: It’s the standard thing that everyone says coming in from the outside. Clearly, the size, scope and complexity make it more difficult to utilize past experiences. The end game we’re shooting for is pretty similar. But here, because we’re so big and so dispersed, and we have the man, train and equip responsibilities with the services, as well as the COCOMs’ responsibility to drive execution, it’s an interesting dynamic as to how you set up the technology so you can satisfy both of those requirements. The other thing is that our issue here isn’t that we need to leverage more technology or think about why we need more technol-ogy. The demand for technology is already there. The challenge we have is how to do it effectively, securely and in a way that we can share across the organization. We have technology in everything—we just need to make sure it fits together. Also, it’s a learning experience to understand how senior leaders, who are largely appointees, work with the civilian staff and the military. That’s a dynamic that you can’t necessarily guess into, unless you were actually here.

Q: What do you think will happen to DoD IT programs in the expected coming budget tightening, and what is your office doing to prepare for it?

A: We know that we have to become more efficient. The secretary has asked us to do that even ahead of the most recent budget efforts. Each of the services has an aggressive plan for how they’re going to reduce their information technology spending. One part of that is data center consolidation, but that’s just the physical version of the need to virtual-ize, standardize and reduce duplication. All of those are part of what the military services are doing. They’ve tailored their plans to their unique requirements. But we also believe that DISA can come in and start to provide services that are much more uniform across the organization. The Army is making use of DISA services heavily, and all the military services have some pieces of that. What we’re trying to do is get DISA to the point where it can be a more ubiquitous services organization. General Pollett and his team have done a fabulous job already with

AccessData CIRT Full page 8.375 x 10.875 Military Information Technology August 2011


things like enterprise email and standing up their data center services. We want to continue on the path that his team is working on now, to offer more flexibility, services and platforms, in order for that to be an option for the military services rather than doing it themselves.

Q: How would you assess the current state of cybersecurity in DoD, and what is your overall strategy for addressing that issue?

A: First of all, U.S. CYBERCOM has done an outstanding job of under-standing the challenges and helping to mobilize us around the issues, and then expressing some of the things that we need to do as an organization. That’s been very helpful, because it brings it all together and gives us a way to address it. My role in that is, on the defense side, to look at how our networks are structured. We’ve built them up over time, and there’s a reason why they are the way they are. But in order for CYBERCOM to be able to continue to effectively do their job, there are some things that we need to do. We have to cut down on complex-ity, while also finding that fine line between less complexity and not increasing our vulnerability by standardizing too much.

The second thing is that we have to build resiliency into the net-works. It’s no longer a question of protecting the perimeter. We know that there are intrusions into our network, so how do we detect them quickly, react to them, and make sure our networks are resilient in the same way that any of our other planning would be? That’s my role—to look at what CYBERCOM’s needs are, and then work with DISA and the services to get the direction out that says this is how we need to look at an enterprise in order for CYBERCOM to be able to do what they are responsible for. We always have a discussion about whether if we spent more money we would get to 100 percent. No one is ever going to say it’s 100 percent, but I think the mechanisms we have in place, and the priority that all of us are putting on it, makes a big difference in terms of us being prepared.

Q: What do you see as the opportunities and challenges in moving to greater use of cloud computing in the department?

A: It’s interesting, because the concept of cloud computing is most effective after you look at standardization and moving to common platforms, and being able to use the services. That’s really what cloud is about—you use services, you don’t set up infrastructure. What we’re doing now is that the military services are moving to more standardiza-tion, consolidation of data centers and virtualization. They’re in some ways creating their own private clouds within their data centers today, and maybe multiple ones. We’re moving to a cloud structure by look-ing at how we’re going to do things from an enterprise perspective. The second thing is that we’re actively participating with the federal CIO in their efforts on the Federal Risk and Authorization Manage-ment Program, which is about how we set the criteria for commercial cloud providers in order to meet government security standards. We’re using the National Institute of Standards and Technology standards to come up with a certification process, and DoD will be one of three organizations that sits on a board. We’ll bring that into DoD to make sure that we’re getting clouds together, and getting ready to do cloud computing.

We’re also looking at who would be the right commercial provid-ers to work with us, and what would be the criteria to ensure that they were secure and that we could do the data sharing that we need. We’re focused initially around infrastructure as a service in the cloud, and we’re going to be moving to the area of platforms. There are also some

enterprise services, like email. If you look at the email service that DISA has stood up, it’s pretty much the equivalent of what you would call an email cloud. We haven’t tended to call it that, but the concept of being able to plug in and buy the service as you need it is what we’re mov-ing to. My office is working on an overall cloud strategy. It’s currently underway, and we’re working with the services. We hope to have that out in the next few months.

Q: Are you pleased with the progress on data center consolidation? How will you know when the process has gone far enough?

A: The progress is going well. It’s a difficult situation, particularly because we’re trying not to spend upfront money. That means that we’re trying to do it within the budgets we have. Some organizations, when they do data center consolidation, need to take money upfront to do that, but we’re trying to keep our spending contained. We’d like the process to go faster, but we’re doing it within the constraints that we have. I don’t know whether there will ever be an end state where the process has gone far enough. Right now we’re focused on virtualization and floor space, and data center consolidation within each of the mili-tary services, because that’s a great way to start. As we move to more and more cloud services, whether private or commercial, we’re going to be changing the way we provision. The number of data centers we think we need today, particularly with the way technology and sharing are going, may have to grow in the future if we decide to put more ser-vices into DISA Defense Enterprise Computing Centers. Or we might decide that it makes sense to bring the Army and Air Force together for particular applications. So I don’t know that there is a number that is the end game. I think that the concept of continuing to shrink our footprint, and offering more from the standpoint of services, as opposed to counting how many boxes are in data centers, is going to be the way to move forward, as a part of the way we architect the solution.

Q: What are some of the other issues that you are spending a lot of time on? How do you prioritize what topics need more intensive attention by your office?

A: Some of the topics that I have been spending a lot of time on now, and more than I originally anticipated, are in the area of spectrum. There are several areas that require attention now, including the need to have DoD be a part of the president’s plan to free up 500 megahertz of spectrum, and the recognition that we are going to continue to need more spectrum as we move to more and more wireless devices. Even for us, unmanned capability requires spectrum. I’m spending more time on the question of how we free up more spectrum to meet what the president has laid out. Secondly, spectrum has become a subject of great interest around the idea that there is an opportunity for revenue from a spectrum auction. We’re getting questions from Congress about what that could be. The third area concerns ongoing questions about companies that want to utilize spectrum differently. We have to represent national security concerns on that. It’s one of those things where if the topic comes up, you really have to spend a lot of time on it, because there are so many implications. The other topics that have been good opportunities include being integrated into what the other future needs of the organization are. There are acquisition programs that are looking at space, and we have a space council that looks at the future use of space. Those are things that we need to be involved in, because they are ultimately going to affect the way we lay out our information technologies.


The prioritization question is a difficult one. I find that I have to work hard not to have my days run by my calendar. One of the things we’ve done in the organization is to make sure that we have some stan-dard time slots during the week to focus on our long-term objectives. We set out time to be able to work through, at a fairly detailed level, the tech-nical solutions that go with our long-term vision. For example, this week we looked at the way we think about our future network architecture, and how security would be built into the network. We spent an hour on that this week, just to make sure that while the calendar is running, we have our priorities straight.

The second thing we’ve done, but haven’t released publicly, is to complete a campaign plan. We decided that it was important, since the organization is changing and people are going to be moving out, that we had written statements of things like the deliverables—some of them were the ongoing deliverables, and some were the more strategic deliv-erables. We have that for all of the work that we’re doing now, and are in the process of creating a summary, so that we can get it out publicly—so the corporate community, for example, can see what we’re working on. Then we’re going to take that as the springboard for our strategic plan-ning for the following year. It’s also going to be the springboard for joint strategic planning between us and DISA, because DISA has developed a campaign plan as well. So now we have the specificity among the two groups, where we can look at where we have overlap, where do we have to work together, and where are some things that aren’t as well synchronized as we need them to be. That will then lay the plan to set the objectives for 2012, so that the organization can keep moving ahead. We’re working our way through the organizational change, and getting ourselves organized to stay on target, and make sure we’re delivering what the Secretary needs.

Q: Could you point to some DoD IT programs and initiatives that have especially impressed you but perhaps have not received the attention they deserve?

A: Every time I have an opportunity to get into the specifics of a particu-lar program or what a particular group is doing, I’m impressed. My most recent example is that I had an opportunity to go out to Quantico, Va., and visit with the team there, which is managing cybersecurity. What a fabulous group of people! You can’t help but be impressed by the work that they are doing, the dedication they have, their understanding of the issues and their ability to work through them. I look at the work that the Army is doing around enterprise email, for example. They were the lead, and said they were going to do this. They did a cost justification, worked with DISA to make it happen, and took a very measured approach to the way they’re doing it. People in the private sector might say—enterprise email, that’s a no-brainer; why would you not do that? You can’t appreci-ate it until you see it in our context, with the size, scope and global reach of doing it. It’s not the same as even in a larger corporation.

If you look at the Air Force, for example, they’re doing a tremendous amount of work in terms of establishing their architecture and deciding how they’re going to move forward into cloud computing. It’s very mea-sured, and in fact we’ve used their documents as an example for others, to see how you architect what you’re doing. You can look at the work that the Navy has done around standardization, and how difficult it is for them to get a platform that works not only on a base, but also on a ship. They have a number of pilot projects now on mobile computing, which is another area that we’re focused on—how you use commercial mobile devices. We have so much good stuff going on, but we tend to look at just how big we are and how much money we spend. There’s a huge

amount of good work going on, and we just want to be able to harness it, do more sharing, and get it out there more quickly. We think we can do that by working together as part of the enterprise.

Q: How has your background in private industry and state government shaped your approach to your position?

A: From a private industry standpoint—and this was also true when I went from the private sector to state government—the challenges of how to run IT and how to do it in a way that you have enough stan-dardization to be able to run efficiently, but not so much as to cut down innovation, are something that the private sector does. I was talking with the CIO at Intel, and they are going through the same thing. They have gone through a data center consolidation, and they have used that as a forcing function to create their own private clouds, because they felt they had the capacity to do that. They are looking at how to intro-duce mobile devices. The difference at DoD is our heightened sense of cybersecurity. While it’s important for them to protect their proprietary information, it is a different context from protecting information that is vital to national security. Our focus from a security perspective is significantly greater than what any private sector company or state gov-ernment would have. From a state government perspective, we were very concerned about privacy protection of individual’s data, because we held driver’s licenses, tax returns and other information about an individual. But we didn’t hold information that was vital to national security. It’s a very different focus.

State government was a great preparation in many ways, even though there is nothing like having federal experience. State gov-ernment helped me understand the dynamics between different government entities, and the relationship between the executive and legislative branches, although it’s different here in dealing with Con-gress. Nonetheless, my experience with some of the concerns that any legislative branch has about how money is being spent, and about accountability, has been very helpful. It was also helpful from the standpoint of understanding the level of media interest, and the kinds of information people are interested in. State government helped me with that, because I had no experience with it at Ford Motor Company. Also, even though I was with the largest state government with the largest budget, my IT budget in California was a tenth of what the technology budget is here. There are differences, and the politics are somewhat different, but there are many things in state government that were helpful. On the spectrum issue, for example, I looked at what the state needed, and what it took to get capability out. Now, I’m on the other side, seeing how defense uses spectrum, so that’s helped give me perspective on the challenges facing government on spectrum issues.

Q: Is there anything else you would like to add?

A: I had an opportunity to be with the Women in Defense group recently, and the thing I talked about was how enormously impressed I am with the quality, integrity and determination of everyone in this organization to do what is necessary for the warfighter. That is para-mount in everyone’s mind. We have a role in that, even if it is not always a direct one. But the need for information to support is the thing that drives all of us in DoD who are working on technology. Sometimes, that’s kind of unsung. People may not realize how much time and dedication goes into making that happen. It’s been a great honor and privilege for me to have an opportunity to serve in this position. I’m very grateful for it. O


By davId howgILL

IP Over SatelliteIts roLe Is ChangIng, But wILL Industry Be the Last to know?


In the past few years, using satellites in a global IP network has continued to be seen as a necessary evil to allow the extension of communication services to the far-thest reaches of the world, where no one but the military or extreme adventure seekers would ever wish to go. While this view has long extended the mystique of the satellite industry and the “magic” we use to perform the miracle of ubiquitous service to all corners of the globe, it has also served to perpetuate the industry as a thorn in the side of a wider, ever-more open-standards and commodity-based IT industry.

The wider IT industry has long embraced IP as the central driver to increasingly productive networks, and optimization of that IP as the enabler for dramatic operat-ing cost reductions, new platforms, network-hardening security tools and even the basic pleasures of “Angry Birds” on an IP-driven smartphone. The whole world now embraces IP, from smart refrigerators to smart weapons platforms, and from smart interoperable tactical commu-nications systems to the latest smart automobiles.

Now, after many years of IP bending to the will—and technology limitations—of the satellite industry, we are beginning to see a sea change in approach. The “big boys” of the IP world have finally realized the fact that space is the final frontier, and that there are myriad rewards await-ing the IT industry if they can get the satellite industry in line on IP-based platforms, finally enabling affordable, seamless managed networks around the globe.

The early signs were seen in Hughes’ integrated Spaceway and Jupiter designs, and further complemented by ViaSat and Eutelsat’s long-expected Ka-band platforms. But the battle lines were really drawn with Cisco’s launch of a standards-based router on a hosted payload on Intel-sat 14.

exCeedIng exPeCtatIons

Launched in 2009 and commercialized in 2011 after an extensive technology demonstration for the Depart-ment of Defense and coalition forces, Internet routing in space (IRIS) has far exceeded operational expectations and is now a reality.

So, what did IRIS bring to the world? With just three initial transponders, IRIS (or OS-IRIS as it is known commercially on IS-14) is able to directly interconnect sites from the Baltic Sea to the tip of South America, from Oregon to Libya or from Washington to the capitals of Europe—all with dishes of 2.0 m and less. The plat-form offers multi-megabit duplex throughputs, single-hop latency and even meshed C- to Ku-band direct connectiv-ity, for example tactical Ku-band in Africa to a C-band station in Los Angeles in a single hop. It also offers mesh networking without power balancing for new or removed sites and bandwidth efficiency gains of up to 50 percent, depending on traffic patterns.


IRIS technology manages all these improvements by replac-ing modem intelligence with router intelligence, reversing years of satellite industry-mandated proprietary systems with an open, globally embraced standard. The RF portion of the network reverts to what RF is good at: creating and maintaining a connection to the satellite. IP is then able to do what it is good at, which is running a network over any transport medium, now including satellite. All good things, one would think, so why have so few heard of it?

Aside from the image of an industry well known to be cautious of and slow to adopt new technologies, IRIS has actually created a groundswell of activity in the satellite industry. Notably, govern-ment agencies are planning and implementing exercises to emulate the operational gains from IRIS by updating existing infrastructure for IP optimization. They are seeking to pool capacity together on satellite platforms to capitalize on statistical multiplexing gains and modern mesh, and looking for new technologies to help reduce the latency effects across continents that are inherent to satellites. They are also looking to attain better value for money with greater application compatibility for the future.

All of these are features, functions and benefits ably proven by IRIS-enabled capacity, along with the Holy Grail of dynamic spec-trum allocation between sites. The real question now is, “Why are they doing that?”

These tests and exercises are looking to find ways to optimize bent-pipe infrastructure for the future—a laudable approach, espe-cially since average satellite life spans are now more than 15 years,

and we need to get more out of them. However, it is a little scary to note that so far, no announcements have been made that any of these plans actually include another IRIS-hosted payload or fleet of enabled satellites that would truly allow seamless integration of the terrestrial telecommunications and wireless IT worlds with the “mystique of space.” Domestically, only a few are even taking advan-tage of IRIS’ proven architecture as a model to achieve these goals.

There are signs that the international sector is moving quickly now to embrace—and indeed lock down—IRIS’ existing commer-cialized managed services bandwidth. Concurrent with this, there are signs that the telecommunications industry, government and leading industrial companies are once more on the search for net-work optimization and the ubiquitous availability of true, seamless IP networks that allow them to control all policy routing, band-width prioritization, security functions and network access from their standard procedures while not breaking down the network into satellite, wireless and terrestrial components.

It Pays attentIon

This has clearly drawn investment and involvement from Cisco, which gave the industry IRIS. It has also clearly grabbed the inter-est of the competition, such as Juniper and others, as well as the attention of the IT world, as we see Citrix, SAP and others becoming more effective over satellite. But it still doesn’t really seem to have captivated the satellite industry.

We continue to see more bent-pipe solutions without in-orbit optimization, optimization being shoehorned into proprietary products and waveforms, and government and industry saying they are looking to optimize in the future—but then choosing the proprietary path.

All of this raises a dilemma. As international space assets become more prevalent and successful, will the international community leapfrog the U.S. in satellite capability by embracing a global approach to true IP over satellite first? Or are we finally at the turning point where the U.S.-dominated IT world has had enough and will dictate to the satellite industry to get it done via IRIS or another innovation?

Time will tell, but I suspect that the decision is coming fast in a world where global IP throughput is expected to triple in five years, and IT departments need to keep pace with both bandwidth demand and tightening budgets. Wireless technologies are quickly showing us how older, stagnant technologies can be leapfrogged. So let’s not let it happen in satellite, as it has in ground infrastructure.

My suggestion is to take a closer look at the latest generation of uninterrupted IP solutions over satellite, and judge for yourself today in order to make informed decisions for tomorrow. O

David Howgill is the Government Solutions Group services product manager for TeleCommunication Systems Inc. (TCS). IRIS on Intelsat 14 is commercialized by TCS, an integrator of global IT end-to-end solutions, including satellite, cellular and wireless communications.


www.MIT-kmi.com.


The Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) was facing a challenge. It needed a secure real-time dashboard solution that would combine data in order to present situational information from hundreds of disparate services to commanders on secure Depart-ment of Defense networks.

In meeting its goal of providing the network, computing infra-structure and enterprise services to support information sharing and decision making no matter where the information is located or sourced, DISA needs to facilitate a seamless exchange of informa-tion that can be consumed anywhere on secure networks globally.

By karen e. thuermer

mIt CorresPondent

dIsa uses data-meLdIng teChnoLogy to enaBLe senIor Leaders to understand events and make deCIsIons faster.


A particular challenge of aggregating disparate data sources across secure networks such as the NIPRNet, SIPRNet and the Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System involved the fact that the task required an extensive manual effort of gathering volumes of information from various departments and entities with varying security models.

DISA needed a way to support senior decision-makers dur-ing events of national significance with a rapid situational awareness solution.

Enterprise mashups—combinations of data from dispa-rate systems that give decision-makers an actionable view of real-time operations—dramatically reduce the time and effort required to combine disparate data and provide a mechanism to easily share, customize and apply to like situations. A mashup is generally a web application that combines data or functional-ity from one source or more sources into a single, integrated application. The main characteristics of the mashup are com-bination, visualization and aggregations, which make existing data more useful.

A number of vendors offer mashup capabilities. However, the ranks of providers of enterprise-level mashup software are more limited, including IBM, with its Lotus Mashup tools, Ser-ena Software, with its Business Mashups offering, and JackBe. JackBe is a real-time intelligence technology firm, and its secure dashboard solu-tion is called Presto.

seCure dashBoard

DISA selected Presto because it works in conjunction with existing government off-the-shelf infrastructure to create a secure dashboard solution supporting various mission threads and operational needs.

A key benefit of Presto is that the dashboard solution enables new insights in dynamic situ-ations through visually rich, secure enterprise apps created from live data. According to JackBe, Presto allows decision-makers the flexibility to combine data from any enterprise application as well as data from the cloud regardless of its location. Users can compose apps and dashboards that are publishable to portals, the Web, spread-sheets and mobile devices.

In 2008, the DISA Chief Technology Office (CTO), in collaboration with the Defense Intel-ligence Agency (DIA), made an investment in the JackBe Presto Enterprise Mashup Server software to meet a need to leverage exposed data through web service for use by senior leaders.

“This capability was used in support of the Joint Capabil-ity Technology Demonstrations (JCTD) effort called National Senior Leadership Decision Support Service (NSLDSS),” said Thomas F. Hazelwood, chief engineer, Advanced Concepts Office, CTO, DISA.

By taking an enterprisewide approach, DISA could offer the benefits of mashup technology to U.S. military personnel worldwide. It selected JackBe’s Presto, in conjunction with existing GOTS infrastructure, to create NSLDSS, a secure

dashboard solution supporting various mission threads and operational needs.

The vision behind the NSLDSS is that senior leaders and watch officers will have real-time situational awareness directly tying into authoritative data and systems available across the various security domains that exist within the Department of Defense and intelligence community. “The JackBe technology enables users to evaluate information and make composite ser-vices dynamically,” Hazelwood explained.

As part of this effort, Hazelwood noted, the DISA CTO, in concert with the vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (VCJCS) and J36 in the Pentagon, was able to use the JackBe mashup technology to combine and orchestrate services (infor-mation and function services) based on the DoD operators’ need and requirements.

“Also, this mashup technology allowed users to filter down the data based on a user preference so that only the informa-tion needed was provided by the available data services on the Global Information Grid (GIG),” he said. “In addition, the mashup capability enabled us to develop composite services by combining and orchestrating various services together while leveraging the NCES foundational services provided by the Pro-

gram Executive Office-Global Information Grid Enterprise Services.”

The goal of NSLDSS was to create an on-demand environment using Web 2.0 standards and practices to allow it to be portable and cen-tralized, and follow the very stringent governance policies of the data enclave.

“By reducing development time through mashup-driven connections to live authoritative systems and delivering dynamic visualizations in real-time, the solution resulted in improved military response times to mission critical events of national significance,” commented Chris War-ner, vice president of marketing at JackBe. “This extensible and modernized Web 2.0 situational awareness environment can be leveraged by all agencies within DoD.”

In essence, the mashup technology is impor-tant to DISA in that it has provided military lead-ers with tools for decision making and assisted the Joint Staff and the VCJCS in embarking on an approach to transform the way asymmetric and symmetric events are handled by senior DoD leaders.

“This mashup technology changed the way information is managed, evaluated and provided to

senior leaders during events occurring around the world,” said Hazelwood. “It also allowed users to expose various information assets to GIG users.”

In addition, the enterprise mashup technology provided the ability to share information and collaborate with combatant commanders across the various mission spaces when events required support by the National Military Command Center.

“This transformational effort leveraging the JackBe Presto mashup tool enabled users to orchestrate services, combine information and help operators make decisions based on criti-cal data on the enterprise while reducing the amount of time to

Chris Warner

[email protected]

Thomas F. Hazelwood


search for data in their individual commands,” he added. “This technology enabled senior lead-ers to leverage and reuse intellectual capital and intelligence collected across DoD. The mashup technology enabled us to support various mis-sions like the Missile Events through Global Sensory Information Network at STRATCOM and the Operation Noble Eagle event out of NORTHCOM.”

data exPLosIon

Today enterprise mashups are solving important issues facing DISA. That’s because the data required for operational decisions is growing at an explosive rate, both in terms of volume, velocity and the number of sources.

“As a result, operation decisions require today real-time access to data from many sys-tems, and on an order of magnitude that we hadn’t seen just a few years ago,” Warner said. “Also, the time to make decisions is decreasing to the point where the only way to keep up with the demand is to have ‘self-service’ dashboard assembly and creation.” Warner sees the visual tools used for self-service mashup creation as a perfect solution to this multifaceted challenge.

“Enterprises that embrace mashups, and the things that can be built from those mash-ups (such as rich decision-support dashboards and visual analytics), will have many significant advantages over organizations (and enemies) that do not,” he said. Research has shown that a proactive, inclusive mashup solution can improve operational efficiency, optimize the sales pipeline, enhance customer satisfaction and drive profitability by as much as 17 times, Warner said. “Within government, mashups have positively impacted strategic areas such as citizen engage-ment and satisfaction, financial transparency, project oversight, regulatory compliance and legislated reporting.”

Going forward, DISA is seeking the implementation of Stra-tegicWatch, a mashup-driven situational awareness solution for DoD. According to JackBe’s Warner, the StrategicWatch project is currently well underway.

“JackBe has provided the StrategicWatch Program Manage-ment Office with its real-time intelligence engine, Presto, to provide enterprise mashups to the StrategicWatch common operational picture,” he said. “Today Presto provides secure access to constantly changing data sources on military net-works and allows operators to manipulate these data sources in order to allow for self-service creation of user defined opera-tional picture.”

Based on demand from JackBe’s customers and partners, company executives expect to see four main areas of growth in mashups: self-service, collaboration, extreme dashboarding and analytics.

“All of these are due to one simple megatrend: Technology and workers’ technical aptitudes have converged, which means they can now do things themselves that previously required a team of developers and months of effort,” Warner explained.

“By making connectivity and data mashing to secure, authorita-tive systems accessible to these tech-savvy, information-hungry people, we can radically increase productivity and reduce the time to value to just minutes and hours.”

This will provide analysts and knowledge workers at places such as DISA with the tools to better prepare and respond for unanticipated events, and help them make more effective deci-sions in complex, dynamic situations.

Meanwhile, the NSLDSS JCTD has been successfully com-pleted and its technologies, including the mashup capability, are now being transitioned to sustainment.

“As such, we do not have a requirement for a follow-on competition at this time,” Hazelwood said. “However, as part of the DISA CTO task and mission, we continue to research and evaluate new technology and capabilities available from the commercial sector.”

The mashup capability is no different. The technology has come a long way and different venders are making strides in the mashup environment, which affords a robust future in DISA's continuing competition of those requirements.

“We are planning to go out with an RFI to gauge the com-mercial industry again in the next few months to evaluate how far the industry has come,” he indicated. O


www.MIT-kmi.com.

JackBe is a real-time intelligence technology firm that offers a secure dashboard solution called Presto.


As the Army and the other services move toward enterprisewide systems and information sharing across program bound-aries, one initiative that is leading the way is the Army Enterprise Management Decision Support (EMDS) system, which for the past year has been efficiently and automatically bringing together data about unit readiness and resourcing from a diverse array of information sources.

EMDS is a SIPRNet based, web-enabled enter-prise solution that provides integrated data from 18 authoritative data sources to present a common operating picture for units progress-ing through the Army Force Generation cycle.

The goal of EMDS is to sustain an enterprise resourcing information base-line providing senior leaders with unit and installation-based displays for units slated to go overseas, so they can know whether these units meet the criteria for deploy-ment.

The program, which reached full operating capa-bility in December 2010, has already achieved dra-matic reductions in the amount of time needed to pull together needed information. While the group col-lecting this information previously took about 420 hours each month to manually retrieve the data needed from several dif-ferent source systems and prepare brief-ings for by senior leaders, that time has

fallen to 40 to 60 hours per month with EMDS.

As explained by Lieutenant Colonel Bobby Saxon, EMDS program manager and division chief, and Chris Barnes, deputy pro-gram manager, the system evolved out of a desire to provide an enterprise information baseline as it relates to manning, training,

equipping and stationing of soldiers, and to understand the second- and third-order effects of staffing and equip-ment decisions.

Barnes offered a concrete example of the kinds of issues the system was intended to help with: “The main vignette that came out of the initial pilot was a unit at Fort Hood, Texas, which was short a truck. We needed to know what other units on Fort Hood might have a truck on inventory, or what was in the procurement pipeline, all the way up to the depot level. If we were to take a truck out of the depot, what would be the second and third order effects of that—not only from a cost perspective, but also on the rest of the units in Fort Hood or the Army. If you took something out of the pipe-

line, that obviously was affecting delivery to some other unit.”

data ChaLLenge

The process of developing EMDS was a complicated one, Saxon acknowledged. “As

the Army has developed needs and solutions over the years, they have many times gone through their own process using unique code, software, tools and ways of looking at data. When we’ve gone to the data own-ers of each of these systems in the past and asked for certain data elements, the output could come to us in a dozen different ways, depending on which system we’re talking to.

“The challenge was not only to convince the data sources that we needed the data and that they should share the data—which was a battle in itself—but then also to get the data and understand it so we could use it all in one place,” Saxon said.

Indeed, getting people to believe in shar-ing data hasn’t been easy. “People have done a great job in accumulating data, but when we go to them to ask if we could use that data and present it in a common picture, sometimes they are willing to do that, and sometimes it’s like pulling teeth,” he con-tinued. “But we’ve got a lot of senior leader-ship on our side, who really believe in the enterprise approach to solving problems. It’s getting easier by the day, but sometimes it’s still a challenge.”

That and other issues—for example, the way data is formatted—have implica-tions well beyond the force generation pro-cess, the developers suggest. “The Army and Department of Defense are working on this in a much bigger picture than just EMDS, but we’re helping serve as a forcing func-tion to this. We want to get data creators to standardize the data and how they process, share and expose it, so that consumers can use data from numerous sources in an easy and accurate way.”

“We’ve been a spearhead of change in the Army community, and when you’re the

By harrIson donneLLy

mIt edItor

Spearheading Change on Data Sharingarmy enterPrIse management deCIsIon suPPort system BrIngs together data aBout unIt readIness and resourCIng from a dIverse array of InformatIon sourCes.

Chris Barnes

Lt. Col.Bobby Saxon


focal point of being a change agent, it brings a lot of attention and hostility toward you,” Barnes added. “But in serving as a change agent, we’ve brought a lot of attention and focus to the governance issues and con-straints that the Army’s been challenged with.”

Another challenge is data qual-ity, the program leaders observed, not-ing that if a thousand people put in data, but don’t do so consistently in the same way, data used in an automated fashion to create a report can create a skewed picture.

“With most of the systems we’ve dealt with, they are aware of where their chal-lenges are,” said Saxon. “When there is a request for data, the information is given to a local action officer, who massages it to give the picture that it’s supposed to paint. But in our case, when we’re asking for data from 18 sources, we don’t have the luxury of having that action officer massage the data to paint the correct picture. We’re very dependent on the quality of data that is coming out of the source systems.”

outsIde suPPort

A number of large and small IT compa-nies have helped with creation of the system. Cisco offered demonstrations of how they use the enterprise approach to consolidate sales information, for example, while Oracle provided the database and analytic capability with its Oracle Business Intelligence Enter-prise Edition. KPMG worked on many of the initial studies, and Booz Allen Hamilton, CSC and Enterprise Resource Performance Inc. currently play important role in the development and management of EMDS. In addition, the Software Engineering Center at Army CECOM has done a lot of work on resolving data integration and transforma-tion issues.

For the future, the office is helping automate other readiness and theater-related processes. “We are working closely with the headquarters staff in automa-tion involving the Global Force Man-agement Data Initiative, where the military services have developed their own organizational servers, and are going to

share that information with the joint com-munity,” said Saxon. “The bottom line for us is to create a standardized enterprise solution that reaches out and grabs data from numerous sources, and then brings it into a repository or enterprise solution that enables people to take advantage of the data.”

Saxon concluded with this observation: “You have to be patient. A lot of times, data owners may be quite comfortable with their solution, and when you come in with a new approach about how you’re going to use and share that data, there’s some reluctance. It’s not a bad thing, but they’re just not automatically accepting that the new thing is going to be better. So we’ve had to prove ourselves as we’ve gone along, and we see momentum building as a result.” O

Contact Editor Harrison Donnelly at [email protected].

For more information related to this subject, search our archives at www.MIT-kmi.com.

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Elektrobit Corp. (EB), a developer of leading edge embedded technology solu-tions for automotive and wireless indus-tries, has announced the EB Specialized Device Platform, an Android-based mobile device platform for special-ized markets. Leveraging mass market mobile device hardware/software technolo-gies and economies of scale, the platform enables vertical markets such as defense, public safety and security to roll out customized mobile devices that meet specific industry functional or perfor-mance requirements—faster and with lower development risks and costs. A versatile platform, the EB Specialized Device Platform allows EB’s customers to benefit from the commercial technologies driving the rapid growth of the consumer wireless device

market while giving market specific features and device type customization to specialized market organizations. As a smartphone-

tablet platform, organizations get a made-to-order mobile device that incorporates key design features desired for a particular mobile device with specific hardware and software features required by their market segment. For example, military vendors can specify MIL-STD-810G mechanics for a ruggedized Android handset, integra-tion of a proprietary security engine or optimization of a proprietary software appli-cation to extend the device battery life. The platform

comprises components specifically focused to extend product life cycle, deliver excel-lent performance and simplify the platform evolution.


ITT has introduced the RO-Mobile Awareness Platform (RO-MAP), which delivers advanced situational awareness and text messaging capabilities. The RO-MAP is a software applica-tion that is designed to operate on a rugged PDA, smartphone or personal computer. The RO-MAP provides vital situational awareness information quickly and reliably. RO-MAP is the first software application to integrate regional position location information, text messaging and radio remote control into a single application. Designed as a general purpose dismounted warfighter situational awareness tool, the first application of the RO-MAP is for use with the Distributed Tactical Communications System (DTCS), which provides on-the move, beyond line-of-sight communications for dismounted users. When connected to the satellite-based RO Tactical Radio, RO-MAP allows users within 100-250 miles to have a common operating picture similar to the command center. RO-MAP automatically receives the position location information from other beyond-line-of-sight on-the-move users. The location information is then placed on a zoomable satellite image. Each position location mark can be selected for additional information such as: call sign, latitude, longitude, grid position, altitude, climb, speed and bearing. RO-MAP allows users to easily exchange text messages. Simply draw a box around the position location marks on the satellite image that you want to text, and the RO-MAP auto-matically addresses your text messages. Group broadcast text messages are also supported.

Panasonic Solutions Co. has unveiled the Panasonic Tactical Video Teleconferencing (VTC) solution, which combines the high-definition imaging of a Panasonic plasma display with Polycom’s HD videoconferencing and JELCO’s custom mobile lift case for a mobile product that has signif-icant advantages over rolling cart or wall-mounted VTC installations. The Panasonic Tactical VTC solution, which is ideal for rapid-setup applications, provides a direct line of contact from remote locations with the use of high-quality video and audio communica-tions. The inclusion of Panasonic’s PF30 Series full-HD plasma displays within the Tactical VTC solution allows for clear and precise image quality with native

contrast ratio of 5,000,000:1. The solu-tion offers a wide variety of uses, from the ability to roll it down a hall to taking it to the field for tactical videoconferencing. In addition to such versatility, the JELCO stabilizer plate protects against tipping over in outdoor environments, and field locking casters ensure the VTC solution stays securely in place. Additionally, the Panasonic display fits comfortably into the JELCO shock-mounted mobile lift case for maximum protection in transit, providing safe shipping to any environ-ment. The camera also has quick release and protective interior storage in the case lid, while the mounted speakers elimi-nate the need for additional equipment, wires or setup, which saves customers both time and money.

The new Sidewinder Vehicle Mount, built by General Dynamics C4 Systems, cost-effectively equips vehicles that do not have communications capability with tactical radios oper-ating in the Soldier Radio Waveform network. An accessory for the networking AN/PRC-154 Rifleman radio, the Sidewinder quickly transitions the radio from a body-worn radio to a vehicle-mounted radio, augmenting its power and extending its range. Just as quickly, the Rifleman radio can be removed from the Sidewinder while maintaining connectivity with the tactical network. The Sidewinder’s hardware assembly includes the 20-watt power amplifier from another JTRS HMS radio, the AN/PRC-155 and connectors that work with the vehicles’ existing intercom systems and are compatible with standard mounting trays that most vehicles already have in place. The Sidewinder-Rifleman radio combination has been selected by the Army for evaluation at the Network Integration Exercise 12.1 taking place this fall.

Tactical Video Teleconferencing Links Remote Locations

Specialized Device Platform Leverages Mass Market Mobile Technology

Software Application Offers Smartphone Situational

Awareness

Mount Equips Vehicles with Tactical Radio Capability


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AccessData . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23www.accessdata.com/cirt Bicsi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11www.bicsi.org/rcdd4CSC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C4www.csc.com/cyberCyberspace 2012 Symposium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28www.afceacyberspace.com Fujitsu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33www.us.fujitsu.com/telecomGeneral Dynamics C4 Systems Needham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C3www.gdc4s.com/secureproducts Harris CapRock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3www.harriscaprock.com

Harris Corp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C2www.harris.com/delivers Lind Electronics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17www.lindelectronics.com Qinetiq North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9www.qinetiq-na.com/getsecure Redcom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15www.redcom.com/microUniversity of Maryland University College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13http://military.umuc.edu/cyberspaceVion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20www.vion.comZ Microsystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5www.zmicro.com/zx

calenDarJanuary 20-27, 2012DoD Cyber Crime ConferenceAtlanta, Ga.www.dodcybercrime.com/

January 23-25, 2012Network Enabled OperationsWashington, D.C., areawww.ncwevent.com

January 24-26, 2012West 2012San Diego, Calif.www.afcea.org

February 7-9, 2012CyberspaceColorado Springs, Colo.www.afceacyberspace.com

Rear Admiral Charles E. “Grunt” Smith

December 2011Volume 15, Issue 11

Cover and In-Depth Interview with:

NEXTISSUE

Program Executive OfficerEnterprise Information SystemsU.S. Navy

Features

Special Report: Commercial SATCOM

Insertion Order Deadline: December 9, 2011 • Ad Materials Deadline: December 16, 2011

• Navy Network Contracts• Radio Technology• SINCGARS Antennas

• Smartphone VoIP• Biometrics

A guide to the commercial satellite communications services available through the Defense Information Systems Agency’s COMSATCOM Center.


Q: Could we start with a brief overview of CSC cybersecurity capabilities?

A: CSC employs nearly 100,000 peo-ple who deliver technology-enabled solutions, which stem from informa-tion technology, the central core of the cyber-domain. We are experts in the “basic blocking and tackling” of informa-tion assurance, identity management, secure systems design, cyber-forensics and overall IT systems management. At the leading edge of IT, we operate, man-age and defend the most critical and secure networks for our Department of Defense customers, in all theaters of operations around the globe. We also have a deep understanding of computer network operations, including exploit and attack methods that our enemies would utilize to harm us and the tech-nologies, tactics, techniques and pro-cedures that our cyber-warriors would use to deliver war fighting effects in cyberspace.

Q: From tactical to strategic environments, what are the biggest challenges in managing sensitive information while also allowing access?

A: The biggest challenge in managing sensitive information while also allow-ing network access is striking the right balance of security for the right circum-stances and being able to deliver it where and when it’s needed. Freedom and inno-vation are part of our national character and to maintain our military edge, we need to harvest the best ideas available, no matter where they originate. A free-wheeling exchange of ideas, followed by investment and hard work, generates the innovations we need—especially dur-ing critical times. By the same token, we can’t surrender research and devel-opment investments through careless-ness or inadequate security—and most importantly, we can’t jeopardize our men and women on missions at home and abroad. Ultimately, cyber-defense isn’t just the province of circuits and networks, it’s enterprisewide and needs

to be addressed as such, with a hard look at return on investment and the war fighting impacts of loss of assured communications.

Q: What can the commercial world teach the military about cybersecurity, and vice versa?

A: That’s a really interesting question. I spent time this summer working with the U.S. Navy and CSC’s cyber-warriors in the Pacific Command and Australia on advanced technology related to cyber-situational awareness. This program employed some of the best collaborative technologies and practices, of both com-mercial and military research entities in both countries, to develop solutions that meet the warfighter’s national and coali-tion command and control needs. In gen-eral, commercial companies work very hard to provide the right amount of secu-rity, in the right places at the right cost, to maximize intellectual and proprietary data at the lowest cost and risk factors. The analysis of this balance is constantly occurring and can definitely be assessed for use in the military environment. On the flip side, the commercial world needs to view cybersecurity as a core mission like the military does. In this view, profit and loss activities would start with the concept of trusted information and assured communications being the foundation of all subsequent activities. Another area that I think the commer-cial world could learn from DoD is the effective employment of cyber-forensics. CSC developed the courseware and pro-vides the teachers for DoD Defense Cyber Investigative Training Academy at Fort Meade, Md., and there are a lot of valuable

lessons learned and skills that come from that experience.

Q: How will CSC position its cybersecurity solutions for the military with the expected budget constraints?

A: Cybersecurity is a recognized priority for the military. The actual and potential effects of adversary action in the cyber-domain are well documented, and the consequences of a Stuxnet-like attack on U.S. interests are at the forefront of the national mindset. Amplified by the ever-increasing pace of innovation, continued investment in cyber is critical for our future. CSC is well positioned to support our warfighters as a leader in information dominance solutions, military network management and operations, cloud tech-nologies, data center consolidation and optimization and more. Basically, we’ll continue to use innovation to drive costs down while pushing security, accessibil-ity and mobility to the highest levels.

Q: What are your primary cyber-based initiatives in the coming 12 months?

A: We’re on the cutting edge in several cyber-areas with selected customers and, where feasible, we’ll extend the combi-nation of technologies, processes and expertise to a broader set of custom-ers. In particular, we have an initiative called Dynamic Adaptive Defense, which addresses an enterprisewide network defense-in-depth at all levels of the archi-tecture—with a coordinated and highly automated “machine speed” approach. We’re also focusing on the human ele-ment and have an interesting interac-tive gaming approach for sharpening the skills and capabilities of cyber-warriors. The third area we’re concentrating on is systems and network consolidation in a safe and secure manner, particularly using cloud technology. This has the potential to save a significant amount of DoD’s operating costs for our military in the long run, while providing a more flexible, responsive and resource-efficient infrastructure. O

inDustry interview Military inforMation technology

Rear Admiral Kenneth W. Deutsch (Ret.) Vice President and Lead Executive

Next Generation Enterprise Network Program CSC

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