THE STYLE GUIDE

THE STYLE GUIDEWhen You Begin WritingDouble-space the text of your paper.Use the Times New Roman font. The font size should be 12 pt. Indent the first line of paragraph a half-inch from the left margin.

Centre the title and capitalize all the main words. Do not underline, italicize, or place your title in quotation marks.Do not use a period after your title or after any heading.Use quotation marks and/or italics when referring to other works in your title, just as you would in your text: Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas as a Morality PlayNumber all pages consecutively with Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.), one-half inch from the top.Double space between the title and the first line of the text.

Refer to the author by his or her full name the first time it is mentioned in the text,Later in the text use only the last name of the author.If you have two authors with the same last name use both the first and last names consistently.Italicize titles of books, plays, magazines, journals, newspapers, movies, television shows, compact discs and Web sites.Titles of articles, chapters in a book, short stories, essays, poems, and songs are in quotation marks.Pages in a web site, individual episodes of TV and radio broadcasts are put within quotation marks.

Enclose in single quotation marks a title normally indicated when it appears within another title requiring quotation marks.

Lines after Reading Sailing to Byzantium

Italicize a title normally indicated by italics when it appears within a title enclosed in quotation marks Romeo and Juliet and Renaissance PoliticsIf a period is required after an italicized title that ends with a quotation mark, place the period before the quotation mark.

The study appears in New Perspectives on The Eve of St.Agnes.Exceptions to the Rule The holy books: Bible, Quran,Upanishads.

Laws ,acts and similar political documents. Declaration of IndependenceSeries University of North Carolina Studies in Comparative Literature.

Spell out numbers that can be written in one or two words (four, thirty-five); use numerals to represent longer numbers (110, 5 ). Do not begin a sentence with a numeral spell it out. Fifty people were killed in an accident. Express related numbers in the same format 5 out of 50 statesIn-text citationFollow the author-page method. The author's last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page. The author's name may appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses following the quotation. The page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses. Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (263). Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (Wordsworth 263).

When a source has no known author, use a shortened title of the work. Place the title in quotation marks if it's an article Italicize it if it's a play, book, television show or an entire website and provide a page number if applicable. Citing a Work by Multiple Authors

For a source with three or less than three authors, list the authors' last names in the text or in the parenthetical citation:Smith, Yang, and Moore argue that tougher gun control is not needed in the United States (76).For a source with more than three authors, provide the first author's last name followed by et al. or list all the last names. Jones et al. counter Moore's argument by noting that the current spike in gun violence in America compels law makers to adjust gun laws (4). OR Legal experts counter Moore's argument by noting that the current spike in gun violence in America compels law makers to adjust gun laws (Jones et al. 4). ORJones, Driscoll, Ackerson, and Bell counter Moore's argument by noting that the current spike in gun violence in America compels law makers to adjust gun laws (4).

Citing Authors with Same Last NamesIf two or more authors have the same last name, provide both authors' first initials (or even the authors' full name if different authors share initials) in your citation. For example:Although some medical ethicists claim that cloning will lead to designer children (R. Miller 12), others note that the advantages for medical research outweigh this consideration (A. Miller 46).

Citing two articles by the same author: Mayore has argued that computers are not useful tools for small children ("Too Soon" 38), though he has acknowledged elsewhere that early exposure to computer games does lead to better small motor skill development in a child's second and third year ("Hand-Eye Development" 17).

Citing two books by the same author Murray states that writing is "a process" that "varies with our thinking style" (Write to Learn 6). Additionally, Murray argues that the purpose of writing is to "carry ideas and information from the mind of one person into the mind of another" (A Writer Teaches Writing 3).

Citing Multivolume Works If you cite from different volumes of a multivolume work, always include the volume number followed by a colon. Put a space after the colon, then provide the page number(s). (If you only cite from one volume, provide only the page number in parentheses.) (1: 14-17)Non Print SourcesInclude in the text the item that appears in the Bibliography page . (e.g. name of the author, article, website or film name).You do not need to give paragraph numbers or page numbers based on your Web browsers print preview function.Only provide partial URLs such as when the name of the site includes, for example, a domain name, like CNN.com or Forbes.com as opposed to writing out http://www.cnn.com or http://www.forbes.com.

Short Quotations

To indicate short quotations (fewer than four typed lines of prose or three lines of verse) in your text, enclose the quotation within double quotation marks. Provide the author and specific page citation and in the case of verse, provide line numbers. Punctuation marks such as periods, commas, and semicolons should appear after the parenthetical citation. Question marks and exclamation points should appear within the quotation marks if they are a part of the quoted passage but after the parenthetical citation if they are a part of your text. When quoting short passages of prose, use the following examples:According to some, dreams express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulke 184), though others disagree.According to Foulkes study, dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (184).Is it possible that dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulke 184)? When short (fewer than three lines of verse) quotations from poetry, mark breaks in short quotations of verse with a slash, /, at the end of each line of verse (a space should precede and follow the slash).Cullen concludes, "Of all the things that happened there / That's all I remember" (11-12).

Long QuotationsFor quotations that extend to more than four lines of verse or prose, start the quotation on a new line, with the entire quote indented one inch from the left margin; maintain double-spacing. Your parenthetical citation should come after the closing punctuation mark. When quoting verse, maintain original line breaks.

Nelly Dean dehumanizes Heathcliff throughout her narration:They entirely refused to have it in bed with them, or even in their room, and I had no more sense, so, I put it on the landing of the stairs, hoping it would be gone on the morrow. By chance, or else attracted by hearing his voice, it crept to Mr. Earnshaw's door, and there he found it on quitting his chamber. Inquiries were made as to how it got there; I was obliged to confess, and in recompense for my cowardice and inhumanity was sent out of the house. (Bronte 78)

Adding or Omitting Words in Quotations

If you add a word or words in a quotation, you should put brackets around the words to indicate that they are not part of the original text.

Jan Harold Brunvand, in an essay on urban legends, states, "some individuals [who retell urban legends] make a point of learning every rumour or tale" (78).

If you omit a word or words from a quotation, you should indicate the deleted words by using ellipsis marks, which are three periods preceded and followed by a space. In an essay on urban legends, Brunvand notes that "some individuals make a point of learning every rumour or tale . . . and in a short time a lively exchange of details occurs" (78).

Quotation with Ellipsis at the EndIn surveying various responses to plagues in the Middle Ages, Barbara W. Touchman writes, medical thinking trapped in the theory of astral influences ,stressed air as the communicator of disease. . . .

If there is a parenthetical reference follows the ellipses place the sentence period after the final parenthesis.In surveying various responses to plagues in the Middle Ages, Barbara W. Touchman writes, medical thinking trapped in the theory of astral influences ,stressed air as the communicator of disease. . . (101-102).When omitting words from poetry quotations, use a three-period ellipses; however, when omitting one or more full lines of poetry, space several periods to about the length of a complete line in the poem: These beauteous forms, Through a long absence, have not been to me As is a landscape to a blind man's eye: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Felt in the blood, and felt along the heart; And passing even into my purer mind, With tranquil restoration . (22-24, 28-30)BibliographyOne Author Write the author's name as Last Name, First Name. Diamond, Jared. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. New York: Norton, 1999. Print. Two or More Authors List the names in the order they appear on the title page, with commas between authors, and a period after the last author's name. Only the name of the first author should be reversed the other name(s) should be written in regular order. Hutcheon, Linda,and Michael Hutcheon.Bodily Charm: Living Opera. Lincoln:U of Nebraska P,2000.Print.

King, Samuel P., and Randall W. Roth. Broken Trust: Greed, Mismanagement, and Political Manipulation at America's Largest Charitable Trust. Honolulu: U of Hawaii P, 2006. Print.

For more than three authors, either give only the first author and add et al., or give all the names in the order in which they appear on the title page.

Plag, Ingo, et al. Introduction to English Linguistics.Berlin:Mouton, 2007. PrintPlag, Ingo, Maria Braun and Mareile Schramm. Introduction to English Linguistics.Berlin:Mouton, 2007. PrintWork in an AnthologyAuthor, title and if relevant translator, editor or the complier of the book should be mentioned.The page numbers too should be mentioned.Bordo ,Susan. The Moral Content of Nabokovs Lolita. Aesthetic Subjects. Ed.Pamela R.Mathews and David McWhirter. Minneapolis:U of Minnesota P,2003.125-52.Print.Editors, Compilers, Translators If the persons named on the title page are editors, compilers, or translators, add a comma and a descriptive label, e.g., eds., comps., trans.

Lucas, John S., and Paul C. Southgate, eds. Aquaculture: Farming Aquatic Animals and Plants. Oxford: Blackwell, 2003. Print. Allende Isabel. Toads Mouth. Trans. Margaret Sayers Peden. A Hammock beneath the Mangoes. Oxford: Blackwell, 2003. Print.

Edition If a book is identified as being other than the first edition (e.g., 2nd edition, Revised edition), give the edition just before the publication information.

Newcomb, Horace, ed. Television: The Critical View. 7th ed. New York : Oxford UP,2007.Print.Work in an Anthology When citing an essay, short story, or other work that is contained in an anthology or other book collection, provide information about both the piece and the complete bookHumphries, LaJean. "How to Evaluate a Web Site." Web of Deception: Misinformation on the Internet. Ed. Anne P. Mintz. Medford: U of Minnesota ,2002. 165-73. Print.

Book in a Series If the title page or other introductory pages indicate that the book is part of a series, give the series name and the series number, if any, at the end of the entry. Abbreviations may be used, including Ser. for series.

Neruda, Pablo.Canto General. Trans.Jack Schmitt. Berkely: U of California P,1991.Print.Latin American Literature and Culture 7.Encyclopaedias and Reference Books

When citing familiar reference books, especially those that appear often in new editions, full publication information is not necessary.

Pelley, Patricia M. "Vietnam." The World Book Encyclopedia. 2008 ed. 2008. Print.

Two or More Works by the Same Author(s)

When citing two or more sources by the same author, give the name in the first entry only. For the next entries, type three hyphens, add a period, and skip a space (---. ) then give the title. Scott, Susan. Exploring Hanauma Bay. Honolulu: U of Hawaii P, 1993. Print. ---. Plants and Animals of Hawaii. Honolulu: Bess Press, 1991. Print.

PERIODICALS Magazine Articles Author. "Title of Article." Title of Magazine Date: Page(s). Type of Material. If no author's name is given for an article, begin with the title of the article. "Sachin The Star." Sports Illustrated 30 Mar. (2009): 18. Print. Scholarly Journal Articles Baskin, Yvonne. "Sea Sickness: The Upsurge in Marine Diseases." Bioscience 56.6 (2006): 464-69. Print.

Davis, William D., Thomas Cleary, Michelle Donnelly, and Samuel Hellerman. "Using Sensor Signals to Analyze Fires." Fire Technology 39.4 (2003): 295-308. Print. Newspaper ArticlesDior,Jim. Yeats Meets the Digital Age. New York Times 20 July 2012 New England ed.:Print.Web SitesWhen citing web sites, include the author, title, and publication information and add the date of access, because web pages are often updated or moved. All components in the format below may not be identifiable for a web site; include as much as is available. Altonn, Helen. "Marine Team Sounds Alarm for Reefs. The Devils Dictionary 2008. Web. 17 June 2009. A FilmIts a Wonderful Life. Dir.Frank Capra. Perf. James Stewart and Donna Reed.Cinecom Intl.,2000.Film.E-mail (including e-mail Interviews)Give the author of the message, followed by the subject line in quotation marks. State to whom to message was sent, the date the message was sent, and the medium of publication.Kunka, Andrew. "Re: Modernist Literature." Message to the author. 15 Nov. 2000. E-mail.InterviewGordimer,Nadine. Interview.New York Times 10 Oct 2010,Print.Lansbury,Angela.Interview by Ted Koppel.Nightline. ABC,New York.18 Apr.2002.Television.