▪ Take one piece of each color of paper

▪ Place the first sheet on the bottom

▪ Place the second sheet on top of that, leaving an inch of space in between (see picture)

▪ Do the same for the third and fourth sheets of paper

▪ Fold the entire thing down from about six inches from the top of the top sheet

Step 1

Step 2

MODERN LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION DOCUMENTATION

Honors English 1MLA - 8th Version

Labeling Panels

1st Panel: MLA Format - put name in bottom right corner

2nd Panel: Resources3rd Panel: Notes4th Panel: Essay Format5th Panel: Parenthetical Citations

6th Panel: Direct Quotations & Quotation Introductions

7th Panel: Indirect Quotations8th Panel: Works Cited

Resource:

Purdue Online Writing Lab(Purdue OWL)

owl.english.purdue.edu

The next three slides will go into your “Notes” section.

Why Use MLA Format?

▪ Allows readers to find an author’s sources easily

▪ Provides a consistent format within a discipline

▪ Gives credibility to writers

▪ Protects writers from plagiarism

Avoiding Plagiarism

Proper citation of sources in MLA style can help writers avoid

plagiarism, a serious offense. Plagiarism may result in

anything from failure of the assignment to expulsion from

school.

MLA Style: Three PartsMLA documentation usually involves three components:

1. The format of the essay itself: style choices

2. Parenthetical citations: in-text notes for every source used in a paper or project

◾ Used when:A. Directly quotingB. Indirectly quoting

3. Works Cited: A complete list of every source that is referenced in an essay

MLA Component 1: Essay Format

MLA FormatHeading Title

▪ NO Title Page

▪ Upper Left Corner (double spaced):

Your name

Your teacher’s name

Class name (Honors English 1)

Due date (Day Month Year)

▪ After the date, double space and center the title

▪ Double space between the title and the first line of the text

▪ DO NOT UNDERLINE, BOLD, ITALICIZE, SUPERSIZE, UNDERSIZE, COMPLETELY CAPITALIZE, CHANGE THE FONT OF, OR DO ANYTHING ELSE DIFFERENT TO THE TITLE THAN YOU WOULD FOR THE TEXT OF YOUR ESSAY.

MLA Style FormatBasics Margins

▪ Use size 12 Times New Roman font

▪ Double space throughout the entire paper including the outline, quotations, and the list of works cited

▪ Print on 8 ½ by 11 inch white paper

▪ Print only on one side of the paper

▪ Set 1 inch margins at the top, bottom, left and right

▪ Indent the first word of each paragraph ½ inch from the left margin (one tab)

Header and Page Numbers

▪ Number all pages consecutively throughout the paper in the upper right-hand corner

▪ Type your last name before the page number (e.g. Brandel 2)

▪ Do NOT use the abbreviation p before a page number

▪ Do not add a period, hyphen or any other mark or symbol

MLA Component 2: Parenthetical/In-text Citations

Parenthetical Citations

▪ Provide a parenthetical citation (author’s last name and page number of info) whenever you:

▫ Use a direct quote/text evidence ▫ Indirectly quote by summarizing or paraphrasing

▪ Quotation marks are NOT needed when you summarize or paraphrase but ARE needed when directly quoting.

For sources without conventional authors or page numbers…

▪ The citation will be a little more complicated. Ordinarily, you cite such a source just by naming it or describing it in the paper or project itself:

A. Included in the “When Nixon Met Elvis” exhibit at the

National Archives online Exhibit Hall is…

B. The Arkansas State Highway Map indicates…

C. Software such as Microsoft’s FoxPro…

Use direct and/or indirect quotations to:

▪ Focus on a particularly well stated key idea in a source

▪ Show what others think about a subject—either experts, people involved with the issue, or the general public

▪ Give credit to important facts or concepts▪ Add color, power, or character to your argument or

report▪ Show a range of opinion▪ Clarify a difficult or contested point▪ Demonstrate the complexity of an issue▪ Emphasize a point

Direct Quotations

Direct quotations are used when a writer quotes any words that are not their own

▪ Quoting means to repeat another source word for word

How to handle quotations:▪ Select them strategically and then fit them seamlessly

into the paper or project▪ Every quotation in an article should contribute

something your words cannot

DIRECT QUOTATION RULES

▪ Direct quotations REQUIRE the use of quotation marks.

▪ Introduce all direct quotes in some way.

Example:Dr. Broomfield comments, “One

reason you may have more colds

if you hold back tears is that,

when you’re under stress, your

body puts out steroids which

affect your immune system and

reduce your resistance to

disease” (54).

No commas are needed when a quotation fits right into a sentence without an introductory phrase or frame. Compare the following:

COMMAS NEEDED“Experience,” writes Oscar Wilde, “is the name everyone gives to their mistakes.”

NO COMMAS NEEDEDOscar Wilde defines experience as “the name everyone gives to their mistakes.”

Punctuation with Direct Quotes

Indirect Quotations

-When paraphrasing a work, you report its key information or restate its core arguments point by point in your own words.

BUT… You still need to give credit to the author’s ideas by using a citation.

▪ Reflects the structure of the original piece

▪ Reflects the ideas of the original author, not your reflections on them

▪ Is relevant to theme of essay

▪ Is entirely in your own words – except for clearly marked quotations

Important Reminder

▪ The most dangerous and academically dishonest type of paraphrase is one in which a researcher borrows the ideas, structure and details of a source wholesale, changing a few words here and there in order to claim originality.

▪ This type of paraphrase is plagiarism even if the material is documented in the essay.

▪ Writers can’t just change a few words in their sources and claim the resulting material as their own work.

#1 Tip for Paraphrasing

When you find an interesting paragraph that you would like to include in your essay:

1.Read it once2. Without looking at it, summarize it in your OWN words!3. Compare your paraphrase to theoriginal

DO NOT COPY AND PASTE!!!

Works Cited Page

▪ Center the title “Works Cited” at the top of the page.

▪ Include only sources you actually mention in the essay itself, not all that you might have examined in preparing for the work

▪ Arrange the items in the Works Cited page alphabetically by the last name of the author.

▪ If no author is given for a work, list it according to the first word of its title, excluding articles (A, An, The).

▪ Indent the second or third line of each entry.

▪ Punctuate items in the list carefully. DON’T FORGET THE PERIOD AT THE END OF EACH ENTRY.

Works Cited

Generally, many sources you cite will need to be documented in the following way:

-Author’s first and last name-Title-Place of publication-Publisher-Date of publication-Medium of publication consulted

Works Cited Example

Works Cited

Carter, Stephen L. Civility: Manners, Morals, and the Etiquette

of Democracy. New York: HarperPerennial, 1998.