MMPL Management Plan Feb2010

MT. MANTALINGAHAN PROTECTED LANDSCAPE

MANAGEMENT PLAN

Protected Area Management Board Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape

Bataraza ● Brooke’s Point ● Jose Rizal ● Quezon ● Sofronio Española Palawan, Philippines

February 2010

PUBLISHED BY Protected Area Management Board, 2010 Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape South Palawan Planning and Management Center

Sofronio Española Palawan, Philippines

Produced and published with the assistance of the Global Conservation Fund of Conservation International Foundation

COPYRIGHT © Protected Area Management Board, Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape

FOR COPIES OR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT

The Park Superintendent and/or Area Manager Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape South Palawan Planning and Management Center Sofronio Española Palawan, Philippines www.mantalingahan.org

This document is not an authority on administrative boundaries.

Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape Management Plan

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape (MMPL) was formally gazetted as protected area by virtue of Presidential Proclamation 1815 signed on June 23, 2009, covering an area of 120,457 hectares.

2. Mt. Mantalingahan is home to indigenous Palaw’ans and is the highest peak along the central spine of mountains in southern Palawan. It is within the territorial jurisdiction of Bataraza, Brooke’s Point, Quezon, Rizal and Sofronio Española.

3. MMPL is the first protected area in the province which was initiated through cooperation among the five local government units, known as the South Palawan Planning Council (SPPC). SPPC’s efforts towards the protection of this largest contiguous forest in the province began in 1997.

4. Mt. Mantalingahan, a key biodiversity area, is one of only ten sites of the Alliance for Zero Extinction in the Philippines and one of the 11 important bird areas in Palawan. Most of the threatened and restricted‐range birds of the Palawan Endemic Bird Area occur in the Mantalingahan range and the adjacent lowlands.

5. There are 11 vegetative cover‐types within the MMPL. Forests cover about 100,000 hectares, approximately 79% of the total land area in the MMPL, three‐quarters of which is primary forest. The majority of forests are in the mountain range itself, while virtually all the lowland areas have been deforested.

6. This largely forested mountain range is critical for providing various ecosystem services that benefits the local communities with an estimated Total Economic Value (TEV) of US$5.5Billion. These ecosystems services include water, soil conservation, flood control, carbon sequestration, non‐timber forest products and the high potential of waterfalls, caves and other potential areas for tourism. The thirty‐three watersheds within MMPL are extremely valuable to the lowland agricultural economy in the area.

7. There are 2,951 households within MMPL, with a total of 12,625 individuals. The communities are dominated by the indigenous Palaw’an group (91.02%), followed by Conoy/Ken‐uy, a sub‐tribe of the indigenous Pala’wan group (3.03%), then people of Visayan origin including Ilonggo, Bisaya and Cebuano (3.26%) and the Cuyunon group with 0.23%.

8. Indigenous peoples generate approximately P50 million (US$1.1 million) in revenue each year in goods within MMPL. This does not include subsistence products such as fuelwood or water that locals would otherwise have to purchase. Crop production is the largest source of income, followed by livestock‐raising and gathering of non‐timber forest products.

9. MMPL incorporates tenured land properties that have been awarded to local inhabitants through certificates of ancestral land/domain claims/titles, which grant permanent rights to local indigenous communities. In addition, temporary rights to peoples’ organizations are granted through community‐based forest management agreements. Including areas with


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pending applications, these ancestral land tenure areas account for more than 70,000 hectares.

10. Within MMPL is a local protected area, the Culasian Managed Resource Protected Area (CMRPA). Covering an area of 1,954 hectares in Barangay Culasian in the municipality of Rizal, the CMRPA was designated through a municipal resolution in 2006. CMRPA is unique for southwestern Palawan, since it represents one of the last examples of coastal forest which still is connected to an extensive mangrove area, with a considerable number of cavity‐nesting birds.

11. Threats in the area include illegal, uncontrolled and unregulated utilization of forest products (timber, fuelwood and minor forest products); increasing conversion of forestland to agricultural land; tan barking and mangrove conversion; wildlife poaching; in‐migration, increase in population; destruction of watershed areas and water reservoirs; mining claims within and in the periphery of its boundaries.

12. The watersheds that feed the numerous irrigation schemes in surrounding lowlands have experienced extensive loss of forest cover and degradation of forest resources. Poor watershed conditions result in disrupted water supply, reduced crop yields, and reduced agricultural value of land.

13. The extent of mining activities and pending applications for mining activities in many parts of Palawan is overwhelming despite the public’s clamor for a moratorium on mining. As of 2008, there were 113 applications in southern Palawan. Prior to the proclamation of the MMPL, two Mineral Production Sharing Agreements (MPSA) were approved without following the consultative process by the National Government to operate within the proposed protected area: Macroasia Corporation (MPSA #220‐2005‐IVB) and Celestial Nickel Mining Corp (MPSA#017‐93 IV).

14. The various stakeholders of MMPL agreed on their desired condition for MMPL and formulated this vision:

Filipino: Tungo sa isang masagana at protektadong kalikasan na pinamamahalaan ng responsable at nagkakaisang mamamayan na may mataas na antas ng kaalaman, kamalayan at likas‐kayang kabuhayan, may pagmamamahal sa kapwa at pananampalataya sa Diyos. (ORIGINAL)

English: Towards a protected environment, managed by a responsible and united citizenry with high knowledge and awareness and sustainable livelihoods, and has regard for others and faith in God. (TRANSLATION)

15. The fundamental purpose for the existence of MMPL, or the mission statement summarizes where the different activities done in or for MMPL should be leading to is:

Filipino: Mapanatili, mapangalagaan at mapagyaman ang laksambuhay sa Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape. (ORIGINAL)

English: To maintain, protect and enrich the biodiversity in Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape. (TRANSLATION)


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16. Four programs were developed to address the threats, conflicts and constraints and to achieve the management mission: resource management and protection; community development and outreach; tourism and recreation; and institutional development, administration and fiscal management.

Program 1. Resource Management and Protection

Goal: Ensure adequate protection of natural resources and ecosystem services.

Management strategies include:

Resource Protection and Law Enforcement Scientific Monitoring and Research Habitat Rehabilitation and Management Cultural Resource Management Boundary Demarcation and Zone Management

Program 2. Community Development and Outreach

Goal: Reduce resource extraction to a sustainable level by supporting efforts to lessen communities’ dependence on activities that degrade the environment.

The program shall cover:

Community Mobilization Alternative/Sustainable Livelihoods Information, Education and Communication

Program 3. Tourism and Recreation

Goal: Develop tourism potentials within the limits of the carrying capacity of the environment for the benefit of the local economy.

Focus shall be on:

Recreation Area Development Promotions and Marketing

Visitor Education and Interpretation

Program 4. Institutional Development, Administration and Fiscal Management

Goal: Establish a management structure and secure financial sustainability based on partnership between government, communities and the private sector.

The management strategies shall cover:

General Management and Administration Staff Development

Partnership Relations Monitoring and Evaluation of Management Effectiveness Revenue Generation and Financial Management


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17. Start‐up expenses for the first five years in MMPL are estimated to require P2‐13 million per year or a total amount of P29,310,000 (US$623,000); the recurrent costs are projected to be about P11,500,000 (US$245,000). The combined start‐up and recurrent requirements suggest that an environmental trust fund of $3 million is required to cover all expenses.

18. There is no single solution that will provide long‐term financial security to the MMPL, hence it should remain flexible to pursue promising sources of revenue. In the short‐term, it appears that the most profitable focus is on philanthropy and donors. While pursing these sources, however, MMPL managers should develop policies that will govern user‐fees: including both local and commercial users, as well as tourism, and they should structure carbon/biodiversity offset deals to finance further reforestation/rehabilitation. With respect to tourism, the MMPL should collaborate with other recreation/conservation areas in Palawan as a way to benefit from their expertise and to promote a “total‐experience” (from diving to mountaineering) from visits to the island.


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FOREWORD

September 1997 marked the birth of mutual management/protection of Mt. Mantalingahan among the five municipalities covering it when the chief executives of the respective municipalities proposed the establishment of the mountain range as protected area within the precepts of the Strategic Environmental Plan Law for Palawan. This initiative led to the issuance of Provincial Executive Order creating the Mt. Mantalingahan Planning Task Force. One of the requirements in the Executive Order is the formulation of a management strategy which, was formulated by the task force with the assistance of the European Union.

To further strengthen the protection of critical habitats within the area, the local government units sought technical assistance from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources and Conservation International (CI)–Philippines to comply with the legal requirements for establishing Mt. Mantalingahan as protected landscape, under the National Integrated Protected Areas Systems Act (NIPAS). This effort is a commendable accomplishment. I am proud to see that it represents the result of joint and strenuous efforts of the local government units with the professional back‐up of Conservation International.

This management plan is a sequel of the strategic management plan that was developed in 2000, which was adopted by the Palawan Council for Sustainable Development in the same year.

Management of Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape is a huge challenge not only to one municipality but to all five municipalities covering it as well as other individuals, groups and institutions who have a stake in the area. Appropriate courses of actions must be planned out cautiously among the stakeholders. To harmonize the development agenda of local government units with the conservation requirements of Mt. Mantalingahan, LGUs encompassing the area should adopt this management plan for integration into their respective short‐term and long‐term development plans.

This plan is a guide in managing the area’s resources. This must be carried forward and implemented. The task falls firmly on our local leaders, managers and other stakeholders, and I pledge every support to help them carry it out.

Hon. MARSITO C. ACOY Co‐Chairman, Mt. Mantalingahan Management Board Chairman, South Palawan Planning Council Mayor, Sofronio Española


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CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................. i

Foreword ..................................................................................................................................................... v

Contents ..................................................................................................................................................... vi

Abbreviations/Acronyms ........................................................................................................................... vii

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 1

DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................................... 2

Background and Legal Status ............................................................................................................................ 2

Location ............................................................................................................................................................. 2

Physical Geography ........................................................................................................................................... 4

Biology ............................................................................................................................................................... 9

Human Geography .......................................................................................................................................... 11

Goods and Services in MMPL .......................................................................................................................... 16

P.A. Institution ................................................................................................................................................. 20

ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION ...................................................................................................................... 25

Vision ............................................................................................................................................................... 25

Mission ............................................................................................................................................................ 25

Threats ............................................................................................................................................................ 25

Conflicts ........................................................................................................................................................... 27

Constraints ...................................................................................................................................................... 28

Strategic Directions ......................................................................................................................................... 29

MANAGEMENT PRESCRIPTIONS ................................................................................................................. 31

SCHEDULE .................................................................................................................................................. 49

BUDGET ..................................................................................................................................................... 60

ANNEXES ................................................................................................................................................... 62


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ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS C Carbon CADC Certificate of Ancestral Domain CALC Certificate of Ancestral Land Claims CBFM/A Community‐Based Forest Management (Agreement) CLUP Comprehensive Land Use Plan CI Conservation International CITES Convention for the Illegal Trade of Endangered Species DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources ECAN Environmentally Critical Area Network EU European Union GIS Geographical Information System IP(s) Indigenous Peoples IPAP Initial Protected Area Plan IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature LGU(s) Local Government Unit(s) M & E Monitoring and Evaluation MM Mt. Mantalingahan MMMA Mount Mantalinagahan Management Area MMPTF Mount Mantalingahan Management and Planning Task Force MMPL Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape MENRO(s) Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Officer MPDO(s) Municipal Planning and Development Officer(s) NATRIPAL Nagkakaisang Tribo ng Palawan NAMRIA National Mapping and Resource Information Authority NCIP National Commission on Indigenous Peoples NIPAS National Integrated Protected Area Systems NGO(s) Non‐government Organization(s) NTFP(s) Non‐timber Forest Product(s) PACBARMA Protected Area Community‐Based Resource Management Agreement PCSD/S Palawan Council for Sustainable Development (Staff) PO(s) Peoples Organization(s) PAMB Protected Area Management Board PCART Palawan Center for Appropriate Rural Technology PPDO Provincial Planning and Development Office RA Republic Act REDD Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation SPPA South Palawan Planning Area SPPC South Palawan Planning Council SPPMC South Palawan Planning and Management Center SEP Strategic Environmental Plan SRPAO Survey and Registration of Protected Area Occupants TC Technical Committee tC ton Carbon TEV Total Economic Value


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INTRODUCTION

The Philippines is one of the 34 biodiversity hotspots, worldwide. Within the Philippines, the richly forested Mt. Mantalingahan range, which forms the spine of the island of Palawan, is one of only ten sites of the Alliance for Zero Extinction. The largely forested mountain range covers several critical watersheds that are extremely valuable to the lowland agricultural economy.

On June 23, the President of the Republic of the Philippines by virtue of Proclamation 1815 declared Mt. Mantalingahan Protetced Landscape (MMPL), in order to conserve and manage the natural resources, while promoting socio‐economic development. The MMPL, home to the indigenous Palaw’an, covers 120,457 hectares and encompasses five municipalities—Quezon and José Rizal on its west side, and Brooke's Point, Sofronio Española, and Bataraza on its east. The main driving force behind the proposed MMPL is its rich diversity of plants and animals that are under serious threats from the intensifying uses of timber and other non‐timber resources associated with the growth of population and increasing urbanization.

The NIPAS Act and its implementing rules and regulations require the preparation of a general management plan for each protected area of the country. The management plan is the main basis for decision‐making, particularly in the development, approval, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of programs, projects, policies and other interventions.

This 10‐year management plan for MMPL is primarily based on the initial protected area plan (IPAP) reviewed and adopted at all levels in 2007, refined and elaborated through a series of meetings, workshops and iterative technical roundtable discussions involving different stakeholders in 2008‐2009. Appropriate management strategies were agreed upon based on existing information and the analysis of issues, threats, conflicts and constraints.

This management plan contains description, evaluation and prescription sections. The descriptive part provides basic information about the area. The evaluation section presents the analysis of the facts and data presented in the description section. This includes the issues, concerns, threats, as well as the conflicts that may affect the management of MMPL. Strategic directions were based on conflicts and threats. Addressing the different issues and reconciliation of conflicts is necessary to remove the obstacles towards successful management. The prescription section presents different actions to be undertaken to reconcile conflicts and address the issues as a result of the evaluation. Each of the management prescription has its goals and objectives.

A detailed business plan for the management of MMPL is also part of this management plan.


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DESCRIPTION

BACKGROUND AND LEGAL STATUS

South Palawan has a central spine of mountain ranges of which the highest is the Mt. Mantalingahan at 2085 meters. It lies within the territorial jurisdiction of the five municipalities: Sofronio Española, Brooke’s Point, Rizal and Quezon. The Mt. Mantalingahan range plays a vital role in the socio‐economic development of southern Palawan. Aside from being the home of ethnically homogenous indigenous peoples, it serves as the major watershed of the five municipalities that feed the surrounding lowlands including numerous irrigation systems supporting agricultural lands. It supports a rich diversity of species including a number of important endemic range animals and plants. Many people residing in the forest or on its edges use it as a source of minor or non‐timber forest products such as almaciga resin and rattan.

Recognizing the value of Mt. Mantalingahan, the five local government units have initiated and agreed on joint and collaborative management. Thus, after a series of consultations, the Provincial Government of Palawan issued an executive order creating the Mt. Mantalingahan Management and Planning Task Force (MMPTF) tasked to formulate a strategic management plan1. The task force was later renamed as the South Palawan Planning Council (SPPC)2 to encompass both the terrestrial and marine territories of the five municipalities which has been proclaimed by the Palawan Council for Sustainable Development (PCSD) as the South Palawan Planning Area (SPPA)3.

In 2000, a strategic management plan which outlines the various programs in SPPA was approved by the PCSD. One of the programs in the management strategy is the identification and establishment of upland management areas or protected areas. Based on initial assessments, Mt. Mantalingahan range was found to be suited under the Protected Landscape category under the definition of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

In 2007, after complying with technical and legal requirements, the PCSD approved the creation of Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape (MMPL) through Resolution No. 07‐328. PCSD further endorsed MMPL for Presidential Proclamation through the regional and central offices of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). On June 23, 2009, Presidential Proclamation 1815 designating Mt. Mantalingahan as protected area was signed by Her Excellency Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.

LOCATION

Geographically, MMPL is about 140 km southeast of Puerto Princesa City, the capital city of Palawan (Figure 1). It is bounded by Victoria Peak in the north and Mt. Bulanjao in the south; from 9° 9’ 53.42’’ to 117° 59’ 52.47’’ North latitude and 8° 40’ 28.16’’ to 117° 26’ 55.52’’ East longitude.

1 Provincial Executive Order No. 10, series of 1998 signed by OIC Governor Joel T. Reyes; amended in 1999 through Provincial Executive Order No. 8 series of 1999 signed by Governor Salvador P. Socrates. 2 Provincial Executive Order No. 24 series of 2001 signed by Governor Joel T. Reyes. 3 PCSD Proclamation No. 7 dated March 30, 2000.


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Figure 1. Location of Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape


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With a total land area of 120,457 hectares, MMPL covers thirty‐six (36) barangays (Table 1 and Annex D).

Table 1. Barangays in MMPL

Municipality Barangays No. of Barangays

Sofronio Española

Labog, Pulot Interior, and Punang 3

Brooke’s Point Amas, Aribungos, Calasaguen, Imulnod, Ipilan, Maasin, Mainit, Malis, Mambalot, Pangobilian, Salogon, Samariniana, Saraza and Tubtub

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Bataraza Bono‐bono, Bulalacao, Inogbong, Malihud Marangas and Tarusan

6

Quezon Tagusao, Calumpang, Malatgao, Quinlogan and Sowangan

5

Rizal Bunog, Campong Ulay, Candawaga, Culasian, Iraan, Panalingaan, Punta Baja and Ransang

8

TOTAL 36

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

Climate

The climate in southern Palawan belongs to Type IV, which is characterized by no pronounced dry or wet season. Heavy rains are expected from May to December and light rain in the “dry” season of January to April.

Topography

The terrain of the range is rugged with slopes of over 50% which covers most of the area above 500 meters. Slopes of 36% or more predominate at altitudes over 100‐300 meters. Most of the steeper slopes are covered by natural forest. The east slopes of the middle part of the range in Bataraza, Brooke’s Point and the south part of Espanola terminate abruptly at around 100 meters and give way to fairly flat land. Further north in Española and around to the west side through Quezon and the northern part of Rizal, the steep slopes are separated by more or less rolling terrain (Figure 2). The highest elevation is 2,085 meters.


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Figure 2. Slope map of MMPL


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Watersheds and Water Resources

South Palawan has about 60 principal rivers and about 45 of these drain the Mantalingahan range. There are 33 watersheds in MMPL of which two are micro‐watersheds with area of less than 1,000 ha, 21 watersheds are small with area between 1,000 to 10,000 ha and 10 are medium watersheds with area between 10,000 and 50,000 ha (Table 2 and Figure 3). Most of these watersheds are located within the jurisdiction of Rizal and Brooke’s Point (Appendix C).

Table 2. Watersheds in MMPL

Watershed Size Number Total Area (ha)

Micro 2 1,064.49

Small 21 102,646.19

Medium 10 153,792.01

Large

River Basin

TOTAL 33 257,502.69

Geology and Soils

Much of the Mantalingahan range is of limestone formation with outcrops of karst e.g. in Quezon and caves. The higher parts of the range including Mantalingahan Peak and ridge of Malis Peak consist of intrusive ultramafic part of the Palawan ophiolite complex. Most part of the area in the east side belongs to inceptisols group with high fertility. Areas in the west side belong to inceptisols group but with moderately fertile soil. On the eastern side of the range, there are bands of cement and relict beach deposits in the form of sand and gravel beds close to the coast. The common geological materials in MMPL are Mt. Beaufort ultamafics, Panas sandstone and Espina basalt (Table 3).

Table 3. Geological characteristic of MMPL

MUNICIPALITY

GEOLOGIC MATERIAL Alluvium Espina

Basalt Mt. Beaufort Ultramafics

Panas F. Sandstone

Pandian F. Arkosic sandstone

Ransang F. Sandy

Stave Range Gabbro

S. ESPANOLA 3591 3908 909 27314 0 0 8518

BROOKE'S POINT 22153 14291 18998 4762 0 0 905

BATARAZA 9268 6686 115 8798 0 0 0

QUEZON 5270 5754 5256 10184 5837 0 8493

RIZAL 8471 12034 15819 37467 28336 1047 4877

TOTAL 48753 42674 41097 88525 34173 1047 22793


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Figure 3. Watersheds in MMPL


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Figure 4. Drainage map of MMPL


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BIOLOGY

There are 11 vegetative cover‐types within MMPL (Table 4 and Figure 5). Forests cover about 100,000 hectares, approximately 79% of the total land area in the MMPL, three‐quarters of which is primary forest. The majority of forests are in the mountain range itself, while virtually all the lowland areas have been deforested. Forest clearance continues through the hilly terrain of Espanola, Quezon, and Rizal, extending up accessible river valleys deep into the mountain range.

Table 4. Types of Vegetative Cover in MMPL4

Vegetative Category Area (ha.)

Old Growth 89,783.92

Mossy Forest 14,607.97

Residual Forest 6,275.58

Karst/Limestone Forest 91.53

Mangrove Forest 912.26

Brushland 5,697.41

Coconut Plantation 1,425.78

Other Plantation 147.86

Grassland 630.54

Paddy Field 675.81

Cropland 22.66

Bare/Rocky Areas 139.56

Built‐up 46.39

Total 120,457.00

The DENR conducted biodiversity surveys in 1998 and led the Resource Basic Inventory in 2006. CI, with the help of Western Philippines University, Philippine National Museum and several experts surveyed biodiversity in 2003, 2004, and 2007. Appendix B lists MMPL’s key plant and animal species. Table 5 presents a summary of threatened plants and vertebrates found in MMPL.

Plants: Floral evidence suggests that there are at least 861 plant species. Of this, 351 plant species represented by 214 genera and 92 families occur in the forest edge. The remaining 510 plant species represented by 326 genera and 116 families were recorded from different forest types in higher elevation. During its 2007 study, CI discovered eight plant species previously undescribed by scientists, and at least 5 species that were newly recorded for Palawan.

Animals: There are 169 species of vertebrates, comprising 35 species of mammals from 15 families and 31 genera, 90 birds in 34 families and 73 genera, 30 reptiles in 8 families and 26 genera, and 14 amphibians in 5 families and 14 genera. The IUCN lists 13 of these as threatened species, 10 as vulnerable, 2 as endangered, and 1 as critically endangered.

4 1998 satellite image, validated by PCSDS‐PTFPP in 2001‐2002


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Figure 5. MMPL Land cover5

5 1998 satellite image, validated by PCSDS‐PTFPP in 2001‐2002


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During its 2007 study, CI discovered a new species of finch (Erythrura prasina) and a new species of shrew (as yet unnamed) and a species of pouch bat (Saccolaimus saccolaimus) previously unrecorded for Palawan.

Table 5. Summary of threatened plants and vertebrates in MMPL (IUCN 2008).

Taxon

IUCN Category

TOTAL Critically Endangered

Endangered Vulnerable

Plants 3 3 4 10

Amphibians 0 1 1 2

Reptiles 0 1 0 1

Birds 1 0 6 7

Mammals 0 0 3 3

TOTAL 4 5 14 23

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

A Survey and Registration of Protected Area Occupants (SRPAO) was undertaken to gather pertinent socio‐economic data about the occupants of MMPL in 219 upland sitios or villages within the 36 barangays. The SRPAO is an important process because the result would be the basis for the issuance of the community‐based program in protected areas6.

Location of the Occupants

Almost 90% of the sitios that fall within the coverage of MMPL are in the uplands. The rest of the sitios are in lowland areas, which are part of either ancestral domain claims or timberland.

There are 2,951 households within MMPL, with a total of 12,625 individuals (Table 6, Figure 7 and Appendix D).

Table 6. Total Household Population and Number of Households

Municipality Barangay w/in Proposed MMPL

No. of Upland Sitio Included

Household Population

No. of Households

Quezon 5 31 1,115 258

Rizal 8 106 1,763 485

Sofronio Espańola 3 2 283 61

Brooke's Point 14 41 6,794 1,542

Bataraza 6 43 2,670 605

Total 36 300 12,625 2,951

6 DENR Administrative Order No. 2004‐32


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Ethnicity by Household

The community within MMPL is dominated by the indigenous Palaw’an group, with 91.02%, followed by Conoy/Ken‐uy, a sub‐tribe of the indigenous Pala’wan group, with 3.03%, then of Visayan origin (Ilonggo, Bisaya and Cebuano), with 3.26% and Cuyunon group with 0.23%.

Pala'wan, 91.02%

Cebuano, 0.60%

Ilonggo, 1.63%

Bisaya, 1.03%

Cuyunon, 0.23%

Conoy/Ken-uy, 3.03%

Others, 2.46%

Figure 6. Household Population Distribution by Ethnic Origin

Educational Attainment

Of the 12,625 total household population, only about 25.37% of the upland occupants have attained elementary education. Approximately, only 5.50% of the total household population have attained high school education (Table 7).

Table 7. Educational Attainment of MMPL Occupants

Municipality Total

Household Population

Household Population with Elementary Education

Household Population with High School Education

No. % No. %

Quezon 1,115 269 24.12 197 17.68

Rizal 1,763 274 15.54 44 2.49

Sofronio Espańola 283 13 4.59 0

Brooke's Point 6,794 2,514 37.00 394 5.80

Bataraza 2,670 135 5.06 55 2.06

Total 12,625 3,204 25.37 691 5.50


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Figure 7. Settlements in MMPL


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Land Use

Around 6,051.54 hectares of land are being utilized for farming by the upland occupants, and about 96.92 hectares occupied for their house lots (Table 8). Considering that the proposed MMPL has a total land area of 120,254 hectares, this brings to only 5% or 6,148.46 hectares of land being utilized by the upland occupants for both their farm and house lots.

Table 8. Area Being Utilized as Farm and House Lots of MMPL Occupants

Municipality Farm Lot (has.)

House Lot (has.)

Total Land Area (has.)

Quezon 772.00 5.00 777.00

Rizal 1441.75 3.09 1444.84

Sofronio Espańola 7.75 0.41 8.16

Brooke's Point 2891.24 80.52 2971.76

Bataraza 938.80 7.91 946.71

Total 6051.54 96.93 6148.47

Economic Activities

Most of the occupants, approximately 95.79% of them are involved in agricultural farming, followed by livestock production with 84.35%, then forestry with 34.65%. The data suggest that the occupants could be engaged both in farming as well as in livestock production at the same time or could be doing forestry related work on the side. Forestry‐ related activities include tree production, fruit trees production or orchards and others. It is indicative that the occupants engaging in these activities have long‐term economic support because of a more sustainable production while conserving their own farm lots. However, forestry‐related activities also include gathering of non‐timber forest products like honey, almaciga resin, rattan and others. Excessive gathering may cause further pressure to the forest and thus may not be sustainable for a long time.

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Figure 8. Economic Activities of MMPL Occupants


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Land Tenure

There is no alienable and disposable land in the protected area. Classified as timberland, there are tenured land properties which have been awarded to local inhabitants through the various recognized land tenurial instruments in timberland areas. These include the Certificates of Ancestral Domain Claim and the Community Based Forest Management Agreement.

Table 9. Certificates of Ancestral Land/Domain Claim (CALCs/CADCs) & Community‐Based Forest Management Agreements (CBFMs) in the MMPL7

Local Protected Area

The Culasian Managed Resource Protected Area (CMRPA) is a local protected area in Barangay Culasain in the municipality of Rizal designate dthrough a municipal resolution8 in 2006 and is now part of MMPL. Covering an area of 1,954 hectares, CMRPA is unique for southwestern Palawan, because it represents one of the last examples of coastal forest which still is connected to an extensive mangrove area. It is one of the most important sites for cavity‐nesting birds in the country due to good stands of Koompassia excelsa (manggis).

Non‐Government and Peoples’ Organizations

As of 2008, at least nine different NGOs are working in MMPL area (Appendix G). Some are specifically working in just one municipality, others are working in more than two municipalities.

7 LMS PENRO Ancestral Domain Claims Listing in Initial Protected Area Plan for the MMPL, September 2007.

8 Municipal Resolution 2006‐30 (Municipality of Rizal, Palawan)

Category Location Area (ha) IP Group/Beneficiary

CADC Punta Baja, Rizal 5,575 Palaw’an

CADC Campung Ulay, Rizal 9,517 Palaw’an

CALC Bulalacao, Bataraza 194 Palaw’an

CALC Tagusao, Quezon 315 Palaw’an

CALC Amas, Brooke’s Point (BP) 725 Palaw’an

CALC Quinlogan, Quezon 7,500 Palaw’an/Ken‐uy

CALC Sowangan, Quezon 7,591 Palaw’an

CALC* Amas/Mainit/Imulnod/Aribungos, BP 14,552 Palaw’an

CALC* Ransang, Rizal 22,500 Palaw’an/Tao’t Bato

CALC Pangobilian, Brooke’s Point pending Palaw’an

CALC Maasin/Mambalot, Brooke’s Point pending Palaw’an/Panimusan/Cunoy/Agutayno

CALC Bunog/Iraan/Candawaga/Culasian/ Panalingaan/Taburi/Latud, Rizal

pending Palaw’an

CALC Malatgao, Quezon pending Palaw’an

CBFM

(expires 2025) Bono Bono, Bataraza 2,092

Bono‐bono, Malihud and Bulalacao CBFM Assoc. Inc.


16

Generally, the development interventions of the various existing NGOs are diversified. The target sectors of the NGOs are mostly indigenous peoples, farmers, fisherfolks, women, children and the local government units. The intensity or level of intervention may vary depending on the resources of the NGO and/or situation in the community.

Moreover, there are at least 22 different peoples’ organizations (POs) within MMPL (Appendix H). Except for the federation of the indigenous local associations – Nagkakaisang Tribu sa Palawan (NATRIPAL), the rest of the 21 POs are specific to their municipality as their area of operation.

In addition to NGOs and POs, there are 87 existing cooperatives within five municipalities: 21 in Bataraza, 31 in Brooke’s Point, five in Sofronio Espańola, 22 in Rizal and eight in Quezon. Based on the data from the PCDO, around ten cooperatives are classified as “struggling” cooperatives, nine are “distressed” and ten are “growing”. The rest of the 58 cooperatives have no data on its status.

0

5

10

15

20

Distribution of Activities

Cooperative Activities

Credit Lending Palay Trading AgriculturalConsumer/Sari-Sari Store Catering Service Rice RetailingCacao Trading Non-Agricultural Copra TradingNursery Bookstore Real EstateLearning Resource Center Rice Mill Livestock RaisingCorn Selling CBFM Management Noni Fruit ProductionPalay Seed Production Stuffed Toys Making Seaw eeds FarmingHandicraft Making Fish Capture Production & Selling of Fresh Banana

Figure 9. Activities of the Existing Cooperatives

GOODS AND SERVICES IN MMPL

In 2008, CI and its partners conducted a study to estimate the predominant environmental services provided by MMPL, such as timber, soil, watershed functions, and protection of marine biodiversity (Table 10). The present value (at a 2% discount rate) of these services was P265 billion (US$5.6 billion). In contrast, the economic value of mining—the major extractive industry—based on total resource rents, was P15 billion (US$320 million; P2 billion from sand and gravel, and P13 billion from nickel). Environmental goods and services far exceed the net benefit from mining.


17

Table 10. Summary of the Economic Value of MMPL Goods & Services9

Valuation Method Estimated Value (P) Present Value (P)†

Direct Use IP land‐based livelihood Market prices 35 million/yr 2 billionIP river‐based livelihood Benefits transfer 18 million/yr 900 millionWater Resource charge 1.6 billion/yr 83 billionEcotourism Estimated expenditures 163 million/yr 8 billion Subtotal 94 billionIndirect Use Carbon Benefits transfer 34 billion 34 billionSoil Replacement cost 57 million/yr 3 billionWatershed & biodiversity Contingent valuation 7.7 million/yr 390 millionMarine biodiversity Benefits transfer 269 million/yr 13 billion Subtotal 50 billion Total P P144 billion Total US$ $3 billionSoil fertility maintenance Benefits transfer 103 million/yr 5 billionEcosystem Services of Tropical Forests (global)

Benefits transfer 2.2 billion/yr 108 billion

Recreation Benefits transfer 118 million/yr 6 billion Subtotal 191 billion GRAND TOTAL P P265 billion GRAND TOTAL US$ $5.6 billion†Assumes discount rate of 2%

Direct Goods and Services

Farming. The majority of the IPs have farms within the MMPL, making it their largest source of income, totaling an estimated P23 million per year (US$490,000). In four of the five municipalities surveyed, the average annual income per household ranged from P6,211 to P8,780 (US$130 – $190). In S. Española, the average was higher, at P11, 577 per year (US$250). In the predominately indigenous Palaw’an area of Salogon, in southeast Palawan, the average household earned only P2,317 per year (US$50) from farming.

Livestock Production. The livestock raised by IPs generate approximately P5.7 million annually (US$120,000).

Fuel‐Wood Supply. People in the five municipalities identified the MMPL as a critical source of fuel for cooking. Although important for subsistence, the collection of fuel‐wood is not a known revenue‐generating activity within the MMPL. There are no legal sources of timber in Palawan, apart from plantations, and there have been few attempts by national authorities to plant trees for timber or fuel‐wood, even in lowland areas.10

Medicinal Potential. All the municipalities identified the MMPL as an important source of medicinal herbs, although for personal use, not as a source of income. While most IPs receive medical services from the Barangay Health Workers, Barangay Nutrition Scholars, medical missions, and private clinics in the town proper and barangay centers (although scarce in some rural areas), some IPs,

9 The Economic Value of the Mt. Mantalingahan Range, November 2008. 10 SPPA Strategic Management Plan, July 2001, p 28.


18

especially those in IP‐dominant communities, continue to use traditional healing practices and herbal medicine11.

Non‐Timber Forest Products (NTFP). The Palaw’ans also gather NTFPs, generating an estimated P6.2 million per year (US$133,000). According to the Association of Palaw’an Tribes, they gather fruits from the forest, make handicrafts, gather rattan and almaciga (resin).

Research Potential. Large areas of primary forests could be made available for environmental and social research. The potential to develop mutually beneficial (including financial) arrangements with universities and/or pharmaceutical companies is untapped.

Timber. Timber volumes are assumed to be approximately 88 m3/hectare for both dipterocarp (the major commercial family) and non‐dipterocarp species in closed canopy, old growth forest, and about half that in degraded open canopy forest. Based on these volumes, and at prevailing market rates, stumpage was estimated at P19 billion within the MMPL.

Water (domestic use, agriculture and fisheries). As noted, the MMPL is a major source of water for the surrounding municipalities. Domestic use is estimated at 18 million m3/year, agriculture at 688 million m3/year, and fisheries at 889 million m3/year, a total of 1.6 billion m3/year. The MMPL resource valuation report estimated that watershed management costs amount to P5,000 ha/year, and so a resource charge of P0.85/m3 was justified. Given this, fisheries use water worth P759 million per year, agriculture P588 million/year, and domestic use P15 million/year.

In 2007, 122 residents of South Palawan were interviewed about their willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) for the conservation of the MMPL watersheds and their biodiversity services. About half (48%) expressed WTP of on average P26 per household per month, totaling approximately P7.7 million per year.

Ecotourism. At present, tourism in the MMPL and entire southern Palawan is minimal. However, the potential for educational and cultural tourism, and recreational use of MMPL is high. Long‐term, ecotourism could generate P163,815,000 per year (US$3.5 million).

Mining Potential. There are no reported estimates of mineral reserves in MMPL, but based on reserves outside (e.g., the nearby Rio Tuba Mine produced 73% of the Philippine’s nickel production), the MMPL may contain P15 billion worth of reserves. (This estimate was also based on commodity prices in 2008, and thus, the value has potentially fallen by more than half.)

Indirect Goods and Services

Biodiversity Conservation. The importance of the MMPL in providing ecosystem services, particularly its role in the maintenance of biodiversity, was estimated at both the local and global levels. Pearce and Moran (1994) calculated the net present value of tropical forest ecosystems at the global level to be US$1,017 ‐ $4,255/ha, annualized to US$140 ‐ $590/ha/yr.12 Given its rarity, MMPL being within one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots13, for example—is undoubtedly ‘worth’

11 Social Assessment for the Palawan Corridor, Conservation International, August 2003.

12 The Economic Value of Biodiversity, Pearce, D. and D. Moran, 1994.

13 Globally, 34 hotspots represent areas with 75% of the planet’s most threatened mammals, birds, and amphibians, while covering just

2.3% of the Earth’s surface


19

closer to the high end. Thus, for the MMPL as a whole, biodiversity could amount to present values (at a 2% discount rate) of up to $3.7 billion.

Carbon Sequestration. The carbon (C) stocks of the different cover‐types were estimated using C‐density values measured elsewhere in the Philippines (Table 11). At $15/tonne, C in the MMPL is worth P20 billion (US$430 million).

Table 11. Carbon stock values of different land covers inside the proposed MMPL14,15

Land Cover

Carbon Density Total

(tC/ha) Area (ha) Value (P)†

Old growth 349.81 61,752 13,608,802,562 Mossy forests 204.25 14,351 1,846,601,223 Residual forest 336.40 19,818 4,200,020,984 Mangrove 174.90 935 103,074,751 Brush, cocoa, grass, rice 49.60 23,004 * Crop land 5.80 597 *

TOTAL 120,457 19,758,499,521 * Excluded because these are transient stocks

†US$15/tC

Preservation of Cultural Values. The livelihood of IPs residing in MMPL is directly linked to the ecological health of the landscape. The conservation of ecological resources, such as medicinal plants or resin, allows for the continuation of specific cultural practices. The designation of the MMPL as a protected area would protect burial grounds, and ceremonial and other traditional sites that might otherwise be destroyed by resource extractive activities or development. While it is difficult to put a monetary value on these cultural resources, they must have a high value, to local people especially.

Soil Conservation (nutrient retention, soil retention). In the decade between 1998 and 2008, forest cover in watersheds below 750 m has decreased from 67% to 43%16. As forest cover decreases, the expectation is that the rate of soil loss will accelerate, especially when forests are converted to cultivation, and so potential soil erosion was estimated to have increased from 1 million ton/hectare to 2.3 million ton/hectare between 1998 and 2003. Actions to reduce deforestation in zone above 250 m in the MMPL could avoid P30.5 million per year (US$650,000) in soil erosion. Further, the role tropical forests play in the maintenance of soil fertility, measured in terms of change in productivity, is estimated to be $8/ha, and so this would translate into an annual benefit from the MMPL of $1 million17.

Watershed Function (flood control). As forest cover decreased, unused water flow also decreased from 90% of stream flow unutilized in 1998 to 80% in 200318. Watershed and biodiversity functioning was estimated at P7.7 million per year (US$160,000).

14 Lasco et al. (1999)

15 The Economic Value of the Mt. Mantalingahan Range, November 2008.

16 Assessment of land-use options in Mt. Mantalingahan Range, 2008.

17 The Economic Value of the Mt. Mantalingahan Range, November 2008, p 24.

18 Assessment of land-use options in Mt. Mantalingahan range, 2008


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The costs of siltation to lowland farms, to rivers and marine ecosystems, and the costs of degradation of water quality due to loss of ecosystem functioning if the MMPL is not conserved have not been evaluated yet.

Pollination. Although often overlooked, tropical forests are home to pollinators critical to agriculture. More spatial modeling is required to determine the benefits of the MMPL as a source of pollinators, and how much these cost. Summary Indigenous peoples generate approximately P50 million (US$1.1 million) in revenue each year in goods within MMPL. This does not include subsistence products such as fuelwood or water that locals would otherwise have to purchase.

Overall, the total economic value (TEV) of MMPL (excluding mining and timber, which would not be permitted in most of the protected landscape) was estimated at P265 billion (based on a 2% discount rate), whereas resource rent from mining was estimated at P15 billion, or 10% of the TEV. The evaluation concluded that resource charges for water, especially consumptive uses by agriculture and domestic households, were the most amenable to revenue collection. A reasonable charge was estimated to be 5% of the consumptive use, or P767,200 and P29 million for domestic and agriculture, respectively (US$16,00 and US$620,000).

P.A. INSTITUTION

The South Palawan Planning Council

In the absence of a formally constituted Protected Area Management Board (PAMB), SPPC remains the main management body for the MMPL. The SPPC receives advice and oversight from the Provincial Government of Palawan and is composed of the Local Chief Executives and the Municipal Planning and Development Coordinators of the five municipalities within the MMPL.

Formerly called the Mt. Mantalingahan Management Planning Task Force, the body was organized by virtue of Provincial Executive Order No. 10 series of 1998 and Provincial Executive Order No. 24 series of 2001, to enable local government units to undertake measures to protect, conserve and manage the natural resources and promote socio‐economic development in Mt. Mantalingahan area.

SPPC is supported by its technical committee and a planning and management team in its office called the South Palawan Planning and Management Center (SPPMC) in Sofronio Española. The technical committee is composed of municipal planning officers, environment officers, committee chairpersons on environment, representatives from PCSDS, Provincial Government, DENR, Office of Representative for the Second District, National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) and CI‐Philippines, being the lone NGO member.

The SPPC technical committee plays a pivotal role in the realization of a fully operational and a sustainable program for Mantalingahan in particular and for southern Palawan, in general. It is the working force and implementing‐arm of the SPPC and considered as key resource managers in Mt. Mantalingahan.

Completed capacity enhancement program involved the following:


21

Cross visit to Peñablanca Protected Landscape in Cagayan (Region 2); El Nido Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area and Malampaya Sound Protected Landscape and Seascape (Palawan).

Awareness activities and training with SPPC members to increase knowledge on protected area concepts.

Exposure of key SPPC and LGU staff in various environmental fora/symposia/training within and outside Palawan.

SPPC representative attended a 3‐week international seminar on protected area management in Montana, USA in October 2008.

The South Palawan Planning and Management Center (SPPMC) and Staff

Located in Sofronio Española, the SPPMC was built through the support of the European Union in 2002. Presently, the SPPMC is functioning at a basic level with only fouroffice staff, five municipal coordinators, and ten law enforcement volunteers, all of them are under the leadership of the Area Manager.

Funds

In a 2006 Memorandum of Agreement, the five municipalities each agreed to dedicate P300,000 annually (US$6,400) to the management of the MMPL. In 2009, after MMPL proclamation, they further agreed to increase their annual contribution to P500,000 (US$10,666) each.

To facilitate transactions, the allocations from the five municipalities are deposited in an account at the Land Bank of the Philippines – Brooke’s Point branch. The trustee municipality, as agreed by SPPC19 is Sofronio Española, and the SPPC Chairman, Hon. Marsito Acoy and the Municipal Treasurer of Espanola are the signatories in all SPPMC bank transactions.

Protected Area Management Board

Pursuant to NIPAS Act, the PAMB en banc for MMPL was formally organized on February 26, 2010, composed of 70 members:

The DENR Regional Executive Director, as Chairman;

The Chairman of the South Palawan Planning Council, as Co‐Chairman;

The Governor of Palawan;

The Office of the Second Congressional District;

The four other mayors constituting the SPPC and representing their respective municipalities;

The Provincial Planning and Development Coordinator;

All barangay chairpersons of the 36 barangays covering MMPL;

Five representatives from the IPs (one representative per municipality);

Two non‐government organizations;

Two peoples’ organizations;

Two representatives from the religious sector;

Two representatives from the women’s sector;

19 SPPC Resolution No. 4 series of 2006


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Two representatives from the youth sector;

Two representatives from the private sector;

One representative from the academe;

Palawan Council for Sustainable Development Staff;

National Commission on Indigenous Peoples;

Department of Agriculture;

Department of Agrarian Reform;

Philippine National Police;

Armed Forces of the Philippines – Western Command;

The Chairman of the SPPC Technical Committee The functions of the PAMB are as follows:

Approve policies, guidelines, plans and programs, proposals, agreements and other related documents including the manual of operations for the management of the protected area;

Facilitate the ground delineation and demarcation of the boundaries of the protected area and buffer zone;

Ensure that the management plan of the protected area and the Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development and Protection Plan (ADSDPP) are harmonized;

Ensure the implementation of programs as prescribed in the management plan of the protected area;

Monitor and evaluate the progress in the implementation of the management plan including the harmonized plans with ADSDPP;

Monitor and assess the performance of the protected area superintendent and other protected area personnel and compliance of partners to the terms and conditions of any undertaking, contract or agreement;

Resolve conflicts or disputes among tenured migrant communities, between tenured migrant communities and ICCs/IPs but excluding conflicts or disputes exclusively among ICCs/IPs; and

Recommend fees and other charges to the DENR Secretary for the use of the protected area.

Protected Area Superintendent (PASu)

The DENR Regional Executive Director appointed a Protected Area Superintendent for MMPL, without a staff. She acts as head secretariat to the PAMB and has interfaced with the South Palawan Planning and Management office and staff in carrying out her day‐to‐day functions in MMPL.


23

The PASu’s specific duties and responsibilities20 are the following:

1. Enforce rules and regulations to protect the area from trespassing, damage, vandalism and illegal occupancy. In cases of seizure, he/she shall assume custody of the apprehended items. The disposition of confiscated items shall be subject to the clearance from the PAMB except those items that are held under custodia legis, those that are the subject of donation, those that must be deposited with appropriate government agency, and those that will be utilized for the DENR's own needs in accordance with the existing related rules and regulations;

2. Issue permits for the use of facilities and amenities except for those considered as special uses as defined under DENR Administrative Order 2008‐26;

3. Issue certification whether the proposed activity/project is allowable or not within the management zones;

4. Issue cutting permit for planted trees for a volume of up to five (5) cubic meters per applicant per year for traditional and subsistence uses by ICCs/IPs and tenured migrants only. Provided, that PACBRMA holders with affirmed Community Resource Management Plan (CRMP) shall no longer be issued cutting permits. Provided further, that the total volume of extraction does not exceed the limit set by the PAMB and the location of extraction is within the appropriate site within the multiple use zone.

5. Issue Certificate of Origin and/or transport permits for natural resources and other products collected/gathered from the protected area in accordance with the resource use instruments/agreements or gratuitous permits issued by the PAMB and/or the DENR;

6. Submit quarterly progress reports to the PAMB;

7. Serve as Head Secretariat to the PAMB and its Executive Committee;

8. Collect and/or receive pertinent fees, charges, donations and other income for the protected area. Provided, that such fees, charges, donations and other income collected/received shall be reported regularly to the PAMB in accordance with the existing guidelines;

9. Prepare and recommend to the PAMB approval of the annual work and financial plans of the protected area based on the IPAP or the Management Plan;

10. Develop management information system to ensure that relevant and updated information are available for planning, monitoring and decision‐making; and

11. Perform other relevant functions that the RED or PAMB may delegate.

20 Section 11.7 of the DENR Administrative Order No. 2008‐26: Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act No. 7586 or

The National Integrated Protected Area System (NIPAS) Act of 1992


24


25

ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION

VISION

The various stakeholders of the Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape during the management planning workshop in August 2008 agreed on their desired condition for MMPL and formulated this vision:

Filipino: Tungo sa isang masagana at protektadong kalikasan na pinamamahalaan ng responsable at nagkakaisang mamamayan na may mataas na antas ng kaalaman, kamalayan at likas‐kayang kabuhayan, may pagmamamahal sa kapwa at pananampalataya sa Diyos. (ORIGINAL)

English: Towards a protected environment, managed by a responsible and united citizenry with high knowledge and awareness and sustainable livelihoods, and has regard for others and faith in God. (TRANSLATION)

MISSION

The fundamental purpose for the existence of MMPL was also agreed upon. This mission statement summarizes where the different activities done in or for MMPL should be leading to:

Filipino: Mapanatili, mapangalagaan at magpagyaman ang laksambuhay sa loob ng Mount Mantalingahan Protected Landscape. (ORIGINAL)

English: To maintain, protect and enrich the biodiversity in Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape. (TRANSLATION)

Management of MMPL is a huge challenge not only to one municipality but to all five municipalities covering it as well as other individuals, groups and institutions who have a stake in the area. In order to manage it properly and appropriately, identification of the issues, concerns, threats and conflicts is necessary to formulate clear direction, plan and implement actions that will lead towards the fulfilment of its mission which will eventually help in the attainment of the vision the stakeholders are aspiring for.

As with other management plans, the purpose of this evaluation section is to reveal the threats and to analyze the conflicts and constraints to the management of MMPL. This deliberately identifies problems and tries to bring attention to the weaknesses as well as conflicts and constraints so as to properly address them in the formulation of management programs.

THREATS

Based on the SWOT analysis conducted in 2007 and the management planning workshop in 2008, the following specific threats were identified:

1. Illegal, uncontrolled and unregulated utilization of forest products (timber, fuelwood and minor forest products)

2. Increasing conversion of forestland to agricultural land


26

3. Tan barking and mangrove conversion 4. Wildlife poaching 5. In‐migration, increase in population 6. Destruction of watershed areas and water reservoirs. 7. Mining claims within and in the periphery of the proposed boundary

The first four threats are all economic in nature. People do the activities to earn income. These illegal activities possibly cropped up to earn more income and provide the basic needs of their families.

There are few alternatives to subsistence agriculture and the expansion of agricultural land‐use has been identified as the primary cause of deforestation. The province’s population has been growing at a rate of approximately 4% annually since 1995, (Boquiren, 2003). This has led to the expansion of agriculture into upland areas, rapid clearing of forest, shortening of fallow periods and cultivation in ecologically fragile areas resulting in extensive resource degradation with adverse consequences both on ‐ and off ‐site.

The watersheds that feed the numerous irrigation schemes in surrounding lowlands have experienced extensive loss of forest cover and degradation of forest resources. Poor conditions of watershed results to disrupted water supply, reduced crop yields, and reduced agricultural value of land. If removal of vegetation continues, it may even result to flooding that will put lives of people in danger.

The number of mining activities and pending application in many parts of Palawan is overwhelming despite the public’s clamor for a moratorium on mining. As of 2008, there are 113 applications in southern Palawan. Prior to the proclamation of the MMPL, two Mineral Production Sharing Agreements (MPSA) were approved by the National Government (without following the consultative process) to operate within the proposed protected area: Macroasia Corporation (MPSA #220‐2005‐IVB) and Celestial Nickel Mining Corporation (MPSA#017‐93 IV).

Mining provides income to the LGUs and provides employment to people, but, it is a threat to the ecological integrity of Mt. Mantalingahan. The study on economic values of MMPL underscored the following:

Most serious environmental degradation that mining causes is the damage to water quality and quantity, loss of biodiversity and vegetative cover, atmospheric effects of pollution and global warming;

Open pit mining can result in the destruction of landscapes and ecosystems, waste accumulation and ground water contamination by leachates, lower ground water level and toxic concentration of elements like copper, nickel, zinc and chromium;

Generally, ore deposit contains very small quantities of economically valuable materials, which translates to large amount of mining waste materials which can contaminate water. It can be serious in the case of Mt. Mantalingahan because it is the source of water for domestic use and irrigation (e.g. Lepanto mines has resulted in a 30% reduction in the rice production in Cervantes and Quirino area).

Mining can adversely affect aquatic and marine ecosystems. Aquatic environments can be polluted as a result of increased sedimentation, pH changes, toxic heavy metals, and alteration in stream channel and streamflow (Martin and Platts, 1981 as cited in Total Economic Valuation study, 2008). This can result in reduced density, biomass, number and


27

diversity of aquatic insects, reduced permeability of spawning gravels and block the interchange of subsurface and surface waters.

The medium term development agenda for southern Palawan provides a snap shot of the long‐term threats to bio‐diversity and ecosystem services, including agro‐industrial development, mining, and large infrastructure development. Remaining lowland forests are most at risk to large‐scale plantation agriculture like the increasing areas of palm oil plantation. More than 47,000 hectares of forest, about 90% of which are old growth forest within the critical zones, are at risk of being lost. Without proper development planning and conservation management, major blocks of forests and wildlife may be lost in the next 5‐10 years, which will certainly undermine long‐term sustainability of rural livelihood and the ecological significance of Mt. Mantalingahan.

CONFLICTS

1. In 2005, the PCSD adopted the Environmentally Critical Areas Network (ECAN)21 zoning of the five municipalities encompassing MMPL. Under the SEP and IPRA Laws, and the NIPAS Act, old growth forests and mangroves are classified as core or strict protection zones, while the other zones are classified according to their uses. However, the ECAN zoning framework, which is a powerful tool in determining the appropriate uses of hills and mountain areas within the Mantalingahan range, is not fully mainstreamed in the local development planning scheme of the LGUs.

2. Mining may bring benefits to the communities as it provides income to the local government units and employment to the people. However, based on studies, mining can result to devastation of fragile mountain ecosystems, mountain culture and the communities above and below them. Moreover, some IPs voiced concerns over traditional burial grounds being dug by the mining companies without the knowledge of local IPs22.

3. Increasing population, being one of the identified threats entails increasing demand for land for their economic activities. This will also require the need for more wood and related products for house construction and domestic use. Since logging is not allowed in Palawan, there is no legal source of lumber to meet the needs of the increasing population. The community will then resort to do illegal cutting of trees. The greater possibility is that more trees will be cut. Utilization of the goods and services is possible up to some extent, however, use of the area beyond its capacity would mean damage and devastation.

4. The five LGUs comprising the SPPC have struggles and challenges in the last ten years of its operation. The member municipalities have varying perspectives and approaches on development. They have defined sustainable development action‐policies but it is not yet seen as a reality on the ground. Policies pertaining to land‐use management, forest management and environmental protection are not consistently enforced among member municipalities. Policies and local programs do not reflect interrelated objectives of maintaining ecological stability, protecting the water supply and improving the lives of resource‐poor upland and lowland communities. In the long run, this has resulted to inadequate livelihood support to communities, destructive resource activities and deficient delivery systems of basic services to the locality.

21 R.A. 7611

22 Republic Act No. 8371 recognizes, protects and promotes the rights of IPs and Indigenous Cultural Communities (ICC). The Act upholds

indigenous ownership, as well as the rights to religious and cultural sites and ceremonies


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CONSTRAINTS

The enthusiasm of the different stakeholders of MMPL to proclaim it as a protected area has been demonstrated through their involvement since its conceptualization in 1997. The different local policy issuances at various levels of local governance demonstrate their motivation to make their actions binding and legal. Series of planning workshops and other activities have been conducted to set goals and come up with concrete plans of actions. However, some constraints may limit the managers and stakeholders to achieve their common aspiration for MMPL. These include:

1. Protected area management structure

The biggest challenge is the organization of an effective governance structure for Mt. Mantalingahan, taking into account the legal parameters prevailing in Palawan.

As defined in NIPAS Law, a Protected Area Management Board shall be organized upon proclamation of a protected area. SPPC, being the prime‐mover of the establishment of MMPL is reluctant to organize a NIPAS‐dictated PAMB, because of the notion among LGU leaders that the existence of another layer of bureaucracy serves to undermine the power of LGU in local governance of natural resources or otherwise water‐down the devolved powers vested upon them by the Local Government Code.23 An intuitive assertion is that the PAMB, after having been organized, will have assumed the mandates of the SPPC within the MMPL. SPPC asserts a key role in PAMB leadership, as it has dedicated huge investments to MMPL.

2. Protected area staff

Presently, the MMPL is functioning at a basic level with an Area Manager, three office‐based support staff, five municipal coordinators, and ten law enforcement volunteers, and a budget of about P2.5 million (US$52,000) per year allocated by the SPPC, with technical support from a DENR‐appointed Protected Area Superintendent.

Actual foot patrolling as well as regular monitoring of the resources within are not yet done. There are no officially trained wardens or rangers in the MMPL.

3. Infrastructure and other support facilities

The South Palawan Planning and Management Center in Sofronio Española which was built through the support of the European Union in 2002 serves as the current protected area office. The office is equipped with two desktops, a printer, several tables and monoblocs. A motorcycle unit supports the mobility of the SPPC‐hired Area Manager.

4. Funds

The MMPL will require greater funds than are presently available in order to accomplish its goals. The current SPPC common fund dedicated for MMPL leaves a considerable budgetary shortfall that requires creative ways and management to fill.

23 Building the Governance Structure for Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape, 2007


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The major financial objective for the MMPL is to secure long‐term, stable financing. MMPL faces many challenges to this goal. Firstly, although the MMPL provides many, valuable ecosystem services, most of the recipients are relatively low‐income farmers, who may not be wiling (or able) to pay for these services. Rather than antagonize local people, whose cooperation is critical for the success of MMPL, it seems reasonable to refrain from charging for the ecosystem services, at least in the short term. Secondly, given the economic crisis it is unlikely that the private sector, will be willing or able to pay additional fees for the MMPL. Thirdly, although tourism—the other large potential revenue‐generator for the MMPL—has taken a major leap as new flights were recently created into the rest of the Philippines and into Malaysia, it is unlikely to increase as dramatically over the next few years, especially when the necessary infrastructure to handle such volumes is not yet built. Therefore, the MMPL should seek alternative sources of revenue, particularly grants from multi‐and bi‐lateral donors and from philanthropic/non‐governmental organizations.

STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS

Four programs were developed to address the threats, conflicts and constraints and to achieve the management mission. Each program is divided into strategies which are presented in detail in the management prescriptions.

PROGRAMS AND STRATEGIES

1. Resource Management and Protection


Management strategies include:

Resource Protection and Law Enforcement Scientific Monitoring and Research Habitat Rehabilitation and Management Cultural Resource Management Boundary Demarcation and Zone Management

2. Community Development and Outreach


The program shall cover: Community Mobilization Alternative/Sustainable Livelihoods Information, Education and Communication

3. Tourism and Recreation


Focus shall be on:


30

Recreation Area Development Promotions and Marketing

Visitor Education and Interpretation

4. Institutional Development, Administration and Fiscal Management


The management strategies shall cover: General Management and Administration Staff Development

Partnership Relations Monitoring and Evaluation of Management Effectiveness Revenue Generation and Financial Management

“Keeping the future in sight under a broad perspective and designing suitable system of monitoring

plan implementation and the environment is necessary to make the plan more responsive and

attuned to the prevailing conditions.”


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MANAGEMENT PRESCRIPTIONS

The management prescriptions outline the activities that will be conducted to implement the strategic programs. Each program has specific goals where actions to be taken are based. In turn, these will be the basis for preparing detailed operational plans over the 10‐year period of this plan, 2010 to 2020.

1. RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION


STRATEGIES AND ACTIVITIES

1.1. Resource Protection and Law Enforcement

Objective: To enforce environmental laws and strengthen stakeholders’ participation in the protection and conservation of ecosystems

Despite the formulation and promulgation of various environmental laws to protect the country’s natural resources, many illegal activities that damage the resources are still being practiced.

The resource protection activities will be led by the Protected Area Superintendent and the protected area staff. Covering the whole area and assigning somebody to guard every hectare is not possible due to manpower and financial constraints. People’s organizations and barangay officials inside the protected landscape will be encouraged to participate in protection and law enforcement activities.

Activities

1.1.1 Create MMPL resource protection and law enforcement unit composed of forest rangers and a team leader.

1.1.2 Enforcement unit to conduct regular foot patrols and 24‐hour response service. Patrolling can be done regularly to monitor activities within the area. The rangers must be trained and equipped adequately. When the situation warrants, illegally obtained natural resources shall be seized, and suspected violators who are actually caught committing the offense shall be arrested.

1.1.3 Encourage community organizations and barangay officials inside the MMPL to participate in protection and law enforcement activities, e.g., existing bantay‐gubat teams will be re‐activated and strengthened. The bantay‐gubat volunteers must be trained and equipped adequately and deputized. The MMPL management shall assist in the processing of requirements for Deputized Environment and Natural Resources Officers (DENROs), Wildlife Enforcement Officers (WEOs) or wardens.

1.1.4 Establish a coordinating mechanism among the MMPL law enforcement unit, the bantay‐gubat, DENROs, IP groups, DENR and other law‐enforcement bodies (i.e. KSK).


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1.1.5 Develop and implement an incentive/reward system for the participation of volunteers in resource protection activities. This may include livelihood, basic social services, logistics or honorarium (i.e. CMRPA wardening scheme).

1.1.6 Design and distribute law enforcement handbooks to volunteers.

1.1.7 Conduct environmental law awareness fora in remote villages within MMPL to ensure that communities are aware of the allowable and illegal activities.

1.1.8 Formulate appropriate protection and enforcement strategies and policies in consultation with the local communities.

1.1.9 Provide legal assistance to litigation procedures and logistics.

1.2. Scientific Monitoring and Research Objective: To promote scientific research on the state of and pressures on biodiversity, the contributions to human well‐being and the responses to the pressures on species and habitats and evaluate the effectiveness of management interventions.

Reliable and up‐to‐date information are needed for better management decisions. Research and monitoring activities will be focused on species, habitats and human well‐being concerns, following the agreed monitoring indicators (Table 12).

Table 12. Minimum monitoring categories and indicators

OUTCOMES MONITORING CATEGORY INDICATORS

Avoiding species

extinction

State of biodiversity

IUCN‐listed, endemic and locally‐important Number of IUCN‐listed species

Change in the number of IUCN‐listed species Percent change in number of individuals

Change in category of the IUCN‐ listed species Number of enlisted/delisted/downlisted species

Pressure on biodiversity

Exploitation of threatened species No. of individuals/species confiscated/apprehended

Presence of exotic/invasive species Relative frequency and percent cover of invasive/exotic species

Response

Species‐specific legislative protection No. of policies and legislations in place

Research on threatened, endemic and locally‐important species

No. of species‐related research conducted

Contribution to human well‐being

Decreased dependency on threatened species as source of income

Percent income derived from livestock and agricultural goods

Area/site protection

State of biodiversity

Change in habitat cover Percent change in forest cover

Change in land‐use Hectares of forest converted to other land‐uses

Water quality of river system Deviation of physical and chemical parameters from national standard range values.

Pressure on biodiversity

Habitat destruction /loss Percent of land within critical habitats subjected to


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OUTCOMES MONITORING CATEGORY INDICATORS

destructive activities

Population movement Population growth rate

Community built‐up areas adjacent to MMPL Percent of built‐up areas in MMPL buffer zones

Response

Establishment and management of local conservation areas

No. of well‐managed local conservation areas

Contribution to human well‐being

Livelihood support services No. of livelihood/projects implemented

Increased importance for tourism Income derived from tourism in MMPL

Types of land tenure within and adjacent to MMPL Hectares of land with tenurial instruments within and around MMPL

Research and monitoring works will be done in collaboration with other institutions such as the academe and other research agencies, following proper protocols.

Activities:

1.2.1 Create research and monitoring team/unit under the protected area office.

1.2.2 Organize a research advisory committee composed of technical staff of DENR, PCSDS, Provincial Government, academe and NGO

1.2.3 Establish biodiversity monitoring station/s.

1.2.4 Establish research and monitoring database.

1.2.5 Conduct research and monitoring activities based on the priorities to fill in data gaps and populate the research and monitoring database.

1.2.5.1 Species Rapid biodiversity assessment during dry months. Species population data consolidation as basis for recommending Sundacsiurus

rabori to be listed as Endangered (EN) from Vulnerable (VU) and Palawanomys furvus to be retained as Endangered (EN).

Population dynamics and structure of Palawanomys furvus Systematics and taxonomy of reptiles and amphibians Population distribution and abundance of threatened species Ecological and population study on locally important and or endemic threatened

species that are known to exist in Mantalinghan range Ethnobiological survey on locally important species Baseline survey on exotic/invasive flora and fauna Monitoring of wildlife trade, confiscation and poaching. Impact of trade on population size of selected fauna Impacts of illegal, uncontrolled and unregulated utilization of forest products:

timber, fuelwood and minor forest products.

1.2.5.2 Habitat Habitat characteristics Monitoring of change in forest cover and fragmentation (2002 v. 2010 & 2020). Monitoring of land‐use changes (2002 v. 2010 & 2020).


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Percentage of land subjected to destructive activities Effects of oil palm plantation and other monoculture farming systems to adjacent

forestland and agricultural lands Causes and effects of forest fire Effects of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides to soil and water qualities Extent of extraction of gravel and sand and/or illegal quarrying Impacts of mining in the periphery of MMPL boundary

1.2.5.3 Contributions to Human Well‐being Population census and analysis Effects of in‐migration Income derived from existing livestock, agricultural goods and non‐timber forest

products Level of species utilization and hunting for local consumption in every municipality Socio‐economics of destructive forest‐related activities Assessment of existing and potential farm‐to‐market roads, trails and other tourism‐

related infrastructure Mapping of built‐up areas in MMPL buffer zones Mapping and impact evaluation of livelihood projects within MMPL Existing resource use patterns Assessment of tourism market potential and carrying capacity

1.2.5.4 Management Interventions (as further discussed in Program 4.4) Effectiveness of the implementation of NIPAS Act and SEP law in MMPL Effectiveness of the implementation of the Philippine Wildlife Conservation and

Protection Act in MMPL Effectiveness of the local Protected Area Management Council (LPAMC) and the

community volunteer program in Culasian Managed Resource Protected Area Assessment on the implementation and management of local conservation areas Assessment of existing and proposed land‐uses in the periphery of MMPL

1.2.6 Establish comprehensive management and information system. (The information system

will contain existing databases, maps lodged at the LGUs, DENR, PCSDS, CI, academe, NGOs, private sector and other depositories of existing information.)

1.2.7 Prepare recommendations to the management body, based on results of surveys and monitoring activities, as deemed necessary.

1.2.8 Popularize information obtained from studies for awareness campaigns

1.3. Habitat Rehabilitation and Management

Objective: To rehabilitate/restore degraded habitats and watersheds within MMPL to ensure the well‐being of the fragile biodiversity, as well as the communities that depend on the various ecosystem services.

Management and rehabilitation of the existing environment in MMPL is a prerequisite for the conservation of the area. The resource assessments provide essential data on the status of various habitats, the extent of its damage, and basis to formulate the appropriate intervention to arrest its


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further deterioration. One such widely preferred intervention is planting of indigenous plant species to enhance connectivity of degraded areas.

Activities:

1.3.1 Assess important habitats requiring rehabilitation.

1.3.2 Identify and implement appropriate and site‐specific restoration plan.

1.3.3 Encourage municipalities/barangays to declare/adopt watersheds. Explore watershed co‐management agreements with municipalities/barangays

1.3.4 Initiate and sustain annual tree‐planting day. The species to be propagated in municipal or community nurseries shall be those species specified in site‐specific restoration plans.

1.3.5 Monitor restoration/rehabilitation activities and ensure survival of seedlings/wildlings.

1.3.6 In coordination with the Mines and Geosciences Bureau, require MPSA holders (MacroAsia and Celestial) to rehabilitate damaged areas within and in the periphery of MMPL.

1.4. Cultural Resource Management

Objective: To recognize, protect and preserve indigenous culture and traditions

MMPL is not only rich with biodiversity but with cultural diversity as well since it is inhabited by Palaw’ans. Republic Act 8371 recognizes, protects and promotes the rights of indigenous peoples. The Act upholds indigenous ownership, including ancestral domains, as well as rights to religious and cultural sites and ceremonies.

Activities:

1.4.1 Document IP arts (e.g. sacred rituals, poems, songs, games, instruments, costumes, weapons and herbal medicines), practices and ecological beliefs.

1.4.2 Facilitate orientation, briefing and review of customary laws among the younger generations through series of “bitsara” (small group gathering)

1.4.3 Undertake demographic and "phylogenetic" mapping of IP communities, to verify genuine leadership and help resolve leadership conflicts.

1.4.4 Facilitate construction of “basalan” or “kalangbanwa” in each municipality as venue for IP gathering.

1.4.5 Support annual IP day activities (tree planting, cultural presentations, cultural booth, product display, cultural games like kasing, pitsaw, supok, tampor)

1.5. Boundary Demarcation and Zone Management

Objective: To demarcate the boundaries of MMPL, adopt and implement appropriate management zoning within the framework of SEP, in harmony with NIPAS, Local Government Code, IPRA and other relevant policies.

The boundaries of MMPL have been drawn on a map, with corresponding technical descriptions, being the first step in NIPAS gazettal process. These boundaries have been iteratively presented to stakeholders, amended/modified, based on land classification and land‐use, reviewed by the National Mapping and Resource Information Authority (NAMRIA), and finally submitted for approval


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by DENR Secretary and the Office of the President. The thirteenth step further requires actual demarcation of the boundaries on the ground.

Moreover, zoning is the basic framework for managing the MMPL or any other ecosystem. It is a basic tool for physical planning. In the case of Palawan, the SEP provides guidelines in identifying different zones with different activities allowed in each zone, as defined in the ECAN strategy. This will be applied in harmony with other Philippine laws on zoning such as NIPAS.

In 2005, following the revised ECAN guidelines24, the PCSD adopted the ECAN zones upon recommendation and endorsement by the respective local government units in the same year. The adopted municipal ECAN, as agreed by stakeholders shall be the adopted zoning for MMPL (Table 13 and Figure 10). Apart from terminology and use of color, there are no conflicts on zoning criteria as far as SEP, NIPAS and IPRA are concerned. Refinements on zoning, if deemed necessary, are meant to also take into account indigenous knowledge systems and practices.

IEC will play a vital role in the effectiveness of zone management activities in MMPL.

Table 13. Adopted ECAN Zones in the MMPL

Adopted ECAN Map Hectares %

Core Zone 92,539 76.8

Restricted Use Area 3,179 2.6

Controlled Use Area 14,319 11.9

Traditional Use Area 7,100 5.9

Multiple Use Zone 3,320 2.8

TOTAL 120,457 100

Activities:

1.5.1 Create a multi‐sectoral demarcation team.

1.5.2 Prepare comprehensive demarcation plan.

1.5.3 Conduct public consultations and awareness campaigns on the importance of boundary and zone demarcation in all barangays.

1.5.4 Mark the boundaries and zones with visible markers, billboards and interpretive signs. The peripheral and core (strict protection) zone boundaries are the priorities.

1.5.5 Pursuant to ECAN, NIPAS and IPRA law guidelines, adopt and implement zone management policies, in consultation with stakeholders.

24 PCSD Resolution 05‐250, adopting the revised guidelines in implementing the Environmentally Critical Areas Network, the main

strategy of the Strategic Environmental Plan (SEP) for Palawan, amending PCSD Resolution Nos. 94‐44 & 99‐144.


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Figure 10. Adopted ECAN zoning in MMPL


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2. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND OUTREACH


2.1. Community Mobilization

Objective: To strengthen capacity of local stakeholders in sustainable management of natural resources

MMPL is the home of indigenous Palaw’ans who have long lived in and depended on the resources. They are the resident managers of MMPL. Effective partnerships will be developed and will be the vehicle for creating the enabling conditions for conservation. It will focus on strengthening the structures, roles, rules, access, and decision‐making of public and civil society organizations to ensure effective and equitable conservation of natural resources. Annex H provides a list of people’s organizations within and around MMPL.

Activities: 2.1.1 Coordinate with NGOs and other institutions who are involved in community organizing and

development within MMPL. 2.1.2 Establish baseline information on the organizational status of POs as basis for interventions/

plans/programs. 2.1.3 Map existing and proposed ancestral domains, CBFMs and PACBARMA. 2.1.4 Assess effectiveness of programs implemented in model ancestral domains (i.e. Amas) and

replicate successes in other ancestral domains 2.1.5 Facilitate disaster preparedness/mitigation planning (including landslides, flood control and

fire prevention) 2.1.6 Provide relevant capacity‐building support on the following:

o Environmental laws o Enforcement o Leadership o Project monitoring o Financial management

2.2. Alternative/Sustainable Livelihoods

Objective: To facilitate the development and provision of alternative enterprise‐based livelihood and the delivery of basic services to local communities by concerned and interested institutions through partnership agreements.

Community development efforts should be in harmony with the goal for the protected landscape. Development should lessen dependence of communities in forest resources and lessen demand for land. Increased economic well‐being reduces opportunistic encroachment and resource exploitation in vulnerable areas.


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The protected area management shall serve as a catalyst of development by linking up with government agencies and institutions which could provide services to the residents. Transfer of appropriate and sustainable technology should be given emphasis.

Activities:

2.2.1 Assess existing enterprise‐based livelihood projects, in coordination with host/assisting agencies (NGOs, LGUs, NGAs), generate models and best practices as aids for advocacy and behavioral change.

2.2.2 Develop a livelihood portfolio that would mobilize the resources of various institutions

2.2.3 Model different technologies that will promote conservation and sustainable economic benefits to communities25:

o Handicraft production using indigenous materials (e.g. tingkep, biday, rattan baskets, blow gun)

o Banana and pineapple processing

o Rice and corn production

o Goat, cattle, swine and poultry raising

o Honey gathering, through NATRIPAL

o Integrated farming system, beyond crops or commodity approach to farm development

o Rubber, coffee, coconut and high‐value fruit trees

o Local/indigenous food crops

o Communtiy‐based tourism, as discussed in Program 3.

2.2.4 Provide relevant technology support, including integrated pest management for crops and livestock.

2.2.5 Explore feasibility of biofarm project on Momordica charantia L. and Vitex negundo L. through the Palawan Center for Appropriate Rural Technology (PCART).26

2.2.6 Establish/improve marketing facilities, linkages and promotional support.

2.2.7 Facilitate provision/construction of irrigation, farm‐to‐market roads and post‐harvest infrastructure facilities.

2.2.8 Strengthen capacity on infrastructure management

2.2.9 Refer concerns pertaining to the delivery of basic services to local communities to LGUs, national government agencies and concerned institutions.

2.3. Information, Education and Communication

Objective: To enhance stakeholders’ awareness and participation in the protection and conservation of MMPL.

25 The list was a result of barangay‐level and inter‐municipality planning workshops for MMPL in 2008.

26 PCART employs families to grow medicinal species and markets the products to pharmaceutical dealers. On average, the household will

earn P40,000 for the five‐month growing season, which could generate P16M per year.


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An intensive cross‐sectoral awareness campaign shall be undertaken to enhance people’s awareness on the various protected area policies, ecological concepts, economic value of MMPL, climate change and ecosystem services. Social mobilization strategies will be used to create environmental awareness on the value of Mt. Mantalingahan and elicit people’s participation to get involved in the protection of the ecosystem that supports their livelihood and daily activities.

The core messages that the campaign should stress may revolve around the following themes or tags:

Mantalingahan is one of the country’s most important forest resource because of its biodiversity and ecosystem services

Conserve Mantalingahan for the future generation

Mantalingahan is the real final frontier

Mantalingahan is carbon sink

Activities:

2.3.1 Improve knowledge sharing platform/resource center at the protected area office in Sofronio Espanola

2.3.2 Build alliances with existing local Non‐Government Organizations, Indigenous/People’s Organizations, media entities conducting environmental awareness in the five covered municipalities

2.3.3 Design and disseminate printed materials appropriate for various target audiences: brochures, posters, leaflets, fact sheets, comics, stickers, T‐shirts cum poster, flip charts, among others.

2.3.4 Broadcast information bits in Filipino on the ecological services provided by Mantalingahan, economic value of forest, soil and water conservation, ecological principles, biodiversity conservation and protected areas.

2.3.5 Document and disseminate conservation successes, sustainability models, best stories on sustainable livelihood.

2.3.6 Mobilize the participation of barangay health providers in the protection of the environment. Conduct lectures during regular meetings of barangay health workers (BHWs) and barangay environment, agriculture and nutrition scholars (BEANs) informing them on the impact of a degraded environment on the health of the people. The information disseminated can be relayed by the health workers when they do house visits in their respective sitios and barangays.

2.3.7 Conduct community sessions in tribal/barangay halls. 2.3.8 Monitor & evaluate people’s response/reactions to environmental awareness activities,

community perception of the protected area concept and enforcement of policies. 3. TOURISM AND RECREATION



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3.1. Recreation Area Development

Objective: To carefully plan and develop potential ecotourism destinations, in partnership with relevant stakeholders.

The unique natural features and biological importance of Mantalingahan range offers potential eco‐tourism and recreation opportunities. Potential ecotourism sites include El Salvador Falls in Sofronio Española, Tau’t Bato caves in Rizal, Kapangyan falls in Bataraza, Inkera falls, Mainit falls and ecological park in Brooke’s Point.

The development of tour packages must especially cater to several target markets.

Activities:

3.1.1 Undertake tourism feasibility analysis, tourism product researches (e.g. new tourism trends in other areas, budget rates, agri‐tourism) and determine best practices and potential turn‐offs in existing destinations.

3.1.2 In partnership with relevant stakeholders, identify cutting edge and unique destinations and prioritize at least 3 sites to be developed and promoted.

3.1.3 Facilitate construction of visitor facilities such as visitors’ information center, access trails, viewing decks for wildlife and scenic features, camp sites, and if feasible, canopy walk. Every effort shall be made to ensure that the facilities at the ecotourism areas are compatible to the natural environment.

3.1.4 Develop tour programs highlighting attractions that can best complement the destinations outside MMPL.

3.1.5 In collaboration with relevant agencies, enhance access to and between places of interest

3.1.6 Encourage service providers around MMPL tourism sites to improve visitor facilities and service

3.1.7 Once established, devise appropriate user‐fees system for various tourism services.

3.1.8 Facilitate community involvement in tourism activities, i.e. guide and porter services, home‐stay programs, production of souvenir items.

3.1.9 Organize ecotourism events such as birdwatching, trekking, mountain festivals, youth camps.

3.1.10 Assess other tourism potentials and conduct study on tourism carrying capacity of MMPL.

3.1.11 Periodically validate the product‐market matching activity in order to keep up with the trends and developments in tourism.

3.2. Promotions and Marketing

Objective: To disseminate information on tourism products and services in MMPL to generate revenue both for the protected area and the local communities

Mantalingahan is a “new” product, thus it needs to utilize advertising, publicity, sales promotion, public relations and personal selling intensively. To be able to penetrate the market, Mt. Mantalingahan must be able to come up with its own identity. This is the part of Palawan where


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culture, adventure and nature blend into a one magnificent package for rest, relaxation and recreation.27

Activities:

3.2.1 Prepare a profile of various customers, competitors, tour operators, and other tourism allies, including the media.

3.2.2 Advertise, by tying‐up with the private sector that would most likely benefit from increase in tourism traffic. These include gasoline stations, transport groups (airlines and buses), food establishments, among others who should also be able to contribute in the expenses of promotion.

3.2.3 Create MMPL website.

3.2.4 Host documentary programs and travel shows to highlight the beautiful interesting features

3.2.5 Create “infomercials” and testimonies from authorities, advocates, experts and popular personalities speaking in favor of MMPL.

3.2.6 Join travel trade fairs and events to develop good relationship with prospective clients.

3.2.7 Sponsor, organize or join cause‐oriented activities that focus on the environment, such as Baragatan festival and Search for Miss Earth.

3.2.8 Maintain partnerships with groups and NGOs that are sympathetic to and advocates of the environment.

3.2.9 Concentrate personal selling on tour operators and travel agents.

3.3. Visitor Education and Interpretation

Objective: To create a meaningful and worthwhile tourism experience.

Other than generating revenue, the implementation of an ecotourism program will also be an opportunity to enhance awareness of local and foreign visitors on the importance of MMPL, complementing the community outreach activities under Program 2, hence, ensuring the generation of broader stakeholder support for the conservation of the area.

Tourism should be able to stimulate not only economic gains but further efforts to protect MMPL’s environment and culture.

Activities:

3.3.1 Design brochures and fact sheets highlighting Mantalingahan’s uniqueness and novelty, including information related to access, services and facilities.

3.3.2 Design and install interpretive signs, slogans and/or themes in various tourism sites, highlighting ecological and cultural significance.

3.3.3 Engage, train and accredit local guides. Tour interpretations must be flexible to suit the client, i.e. local, foreign, retirees, youth, expert, cultural advocate and adventurist.

27 South Palawan Area Specific Master Plan, 2007


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4. INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT, ADMINISTRATION AND FISCAL MANAGEMENT


4.1. General Management and Administration

Objective: To create a management body to oversee the implementation of the management and financial plan.

The first three programs will be futile unless they are adopted and executed. A management body will be created to serve the purpose. A Protected Area Management Board (PAMB) 28 is the main policy making body for the MMPL (Figure 11), composed of the DENR, PCSDS, LGUs, NGOs, academe, peoples’ organizations and IP representatives. Meeting quarterly, the PAMB will be responsible for the following functions:

1. Approve policies, guidelines, plans and programs, proposals, agreements and other related documents including the manual of operations for the management of MMPL;

2. Facilitate the demarcation of the boundaries of the protected area and buffer zone; 3. Ensure that the MMPL management plan of protected area and the ancestral domain

sustainable development and protection plans are harmonized; 4. Ensure the implementation of programs as prescribed in the management plan; 5. Monitor and evaluate the progress in the implementation of the management plan; 6. Monitor and assess the performance of the Protected Area Superintendent (PASu) and

other protected area personnel, and the compliance of partners to the terms and conditions of any agreement;

7. Resolve conflicts among tenured occupants29; and, 8. Recommend fees and other charges for the use of the protected area.

The PAMB Chair will be from either the SPPC or PCSD or DENR30, or co‐chairmanship may be agreed upon. The PASu shall act as Secretariat to the PAMB and will execute the plans and programs of the protected area as approved by the PAMB31, including technical programs, organizational management plans, administration plans.

A workable arrangement to harmonize and synergize the responsibilities of the PAMB, SPPC and SPPC‐technical committee shall be formally agreed upon to optimize resources and demonstrate collaborative management.

28 NIPAS Law, Section 12.

29 But not conflicts or disputes exclusively among ICCs/APs., which would presumably be handled by National Commission on Indigenous

Peoples (NCIP). 30 Proposed governance structure for Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape, 2007. The proposal is based on Palawan‐specific

experiences on protected area management board chairmanship and the sentiments of key stakeholders. 31 NIPAS Law Sec 11.2.


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SPPC Technical Committee(SPPC TC)

- Provides technical advice to PAMB

PAMBExecutive Committee- Representative of full Board

MMPL Staff- Perform PA mgt. activities

PA Superintendent(PASu)

- Implements mgt. plans and programs- Disburses funds in line w/ workplan & budget

PAMB- Determine mgt. plan & budget allocation- Decide on matters related to planning,

resource protection & administration

PAMB Chairman (SPPC Chairman/PCSD Chairman)

South Palawan Planning Council(SPPC)

Figure 11. Proposed Management Structure for the MMPL32

4.2. Staff Development

Objective: To recruit a professional staff in order to provide long‐term managerial security for MMPL.

A Protected Area Office (PAO) will be established to carry out the tasks stipulated in the management prescriptions. The PAO will be manned by the Protected Area Superintendent. Staffing pattern will be based on the current needs to pursue the identified activities under each management program.

The Initial Protected Area Plan for the MMPL (2007) outlined the minimum full‐time staffing requirements (Table 16).

Each staff should have clear understanding of their work and duties and they should be motivated to work to achieve MMPL vision.

32 Specific regulations on PAMB’s board composition are in Sec. 12.2 of DENR Administrative Order No. 2008‐26 (NIPAS Law).


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The technical capability of the staff will be enhanced through training and exposure to other protected areas which are already in operation and in other relevant aspects, based on a training needs assessment.

Table 16. Minimum Human Resource Requirements for a fully functioning MMPL

Position Title Number of Positions

Protected Area Superintendent 1

Protected Area & Warden Officer 5

Community Relations Officer 5

Biologist & Research Worker 3

Administrative Officer 1

Protected Area & Field Maintenance Worker 5

PA Rangers/Wardens 15

Secretary/Clerk 1

Total 36

4.3. Partnership Relations

Objective: To ensure the sustainability of MMPL’s ecological services beyond the boundaries through partnerships.

The management of MMPL shall be taken as part of the larger landscape by ensuring the sustainability of its ecological services beyond the boundaries, through partnerships.

Linkages with other government and non‐government organizations must be built/enhanced and sustained. To maximize use of financial resources, project implementation, collaboration and synergy must be ensured. This will also avoid duplication of work by different oraganizations.

Partnerships may be legitimized through memoranda of agreement (MOA) or memoranda of understanding (MOU).

4.4. Monitoring and Evaluation of Management Effectiveness

Objective: To establish a comprehensive monitoring system, as “evidence‐based” reference for adaptive management

A monitoring and evaluation system shall be undertaken periodically, and a management information system must be in place, as “evidence‐based” reference for subsequent planning exercises.

Monitoring and evaluation involves developing schemes for defining and refining indicators for data collection, storage and analysis. It occurs through all stages of planning and implementation process


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and provides feedback for plan iteration and adaptive management. It facilitates the measurement of progress towards success.

Monitoring shall be done:

a. quarterly, to ensure that the identified activities during the period were accomplished;

b. annually, to determine the outputs for the year, the factors that hindered/facilitated the delivery of expected outputs;

c. every two years, to determine the progress in achieving the objectives of the management plan.

All information generated shall form part of a comprehensive management information database.

4.5. Resource Generation and Financial Management

Objective: To secure long‐term, stable financing for MMPL.

MMPL faces many challenges towards securing financial sustainability. It will require more funds than are presently available for both start‐up and recurrent costs. There is no single solution that will provide long‐term financial security. Therefore, the management should remain flexible to pursue promising sources of revenue.

In the short‐term, it appears that the most profitable focus is on philanthropy and donors. While pursing these sources, however, MMPL managers should take advantage of the economic slowdown to develop policies that will govern user‐fees: including both local and commercial users, as well as tourism. With respect to tourism, the MMPL should collaborate with other recreation/conservation areas in Palawan as a way to benefit from their expertise and to promote a “total‐experience” (from diving to mountaineering) from visits to the island.

In the medium‐term, MMPL should work with the national government to ensure that REDD credits are acceptable in the post‐Kyoto carbon market. Moreover, managers should ensure that carbon offset deals are ‘stacked’ with biodiversity offsets in order to maximize the financial return from the conservation projects.

Activities:

4.5.1 Establish an Environmental Trust Fund (ETF)33

Given the unpredictable and irregular nature of obtaining grants and donations, the MMPL should create an ETF dedicated to financing the long‐term management of the MMPL. Such a fund could be an independent financial instrument created and managed by the MMPL (perhaps managed similar to the existing funds for the MMPL held by the SPPC). Alternatively, if it would save on transaction costs, the fund could be registered as an independent sub‐account within an existing ETF. Several such opportunities exist in ETFs operated in the Philippines including:

o Philippine’s Integrated Protected Area Fund, o Foundation for the Philippine Environment, o GEF Small Grants Program Community Management of Protected Areas,

33 An ETF is a legal structure by which money or other assets are held, invetsed and spent by a board of trustees (or directors) exclusively

for a specific purpose. ETFs are exempt from taxation under Rule 18 of the NIPAS Law.


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o Philippine Tropical Forest Conservation Fund 4.5.2 Capitalize the ETF

4.5.2.1 Government

The most consistent revenue stream for the MMPL has been the support provided by the five municipalities; each year they have contributed P1 million. Managers should confirm that the municipalities intend to continue with this commitment.

The MMPL’s board should also negotiate with the federal and regional governments to determine whether a portion of fines from environmental‐related crimes could be dedicated to the MMPL (on the assumption that the environmental damage can be mitigated, to some extent, through the protection of the MMPL). Likewise, the board should determine whether it is possible to charge a modest tourist tax at airports, hotels, or at ports in order to fund the MMPL.

4.5.2.2 Non‐governmental/philanthropic organizations

Conservation International (CI) and the Global Conservation Fund have been strong supporters of MMPL, and they remain willing to make a substantial contribution to the ETF for the MMPL. Other ENGOs or foundations should be explored, especially the Philippine foundations whose mandate overlaps with the goals of the MMPL. Multi‐ and bi‐lateral donors should be explored.

MMPL should inquire about possible philanthropic opportunities. Managers could work with NGOs to establish a system to accept donations through, for example:

o Friends of the MMPL, o Adopt‐an‐acre, or adopt‐a‐species fund‐raising campaigns.

Managers should also work with competent organizations to market carbon and/or biodiversity offsets.

Managers should investigate merchandising opportunities to generate revenue.

4.5.2.3 Tourist operators/hotels

Managers should enter into agreements with responsible tourist operators and hoteliers to help fund the MMPL ETF. The private sector may be willing to:

o Collect tourist surcharges and other fees for the MMPL’s management, o Collect spare change for the MMPL (although the real benefit of this would

be to raise the profile of the MMPL), o Host MMPL representatives to provide interpretive programs for guests.

4.5.2.4 Extractive Industries

The MMPL should develop a schedule of fees for use‐rights of resources extracted from the protected landscape.

4.5.2.5 Bi‐ & Multi‐lateral Donors

Managers should actively solicit grants and donations for the MMPL. In addition to the regular donor assistance for conservation projects, MMPL managers should examine the opportunities to obtain funding through donations from foreign lottery corporations.


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4.5.3 Identify other sources of revenue based on MMPL’s goods and services (Table 15), that

should be a priority for fund‐raising, in the immediate and in the long‐term.

Table 15. Market‐based financial mechanisms for MMPL goods and services

Goods & Services Potential Financial Mechanism

Non‐extractive/ecotourism‐related goods Tourism User Fees

Wildlife Viewing (birds, mammals, turtles etc.) Entrance fees

Aesthetic scenery Entrance fees

Outdoor attractions (mountaineering, caving, hiking, etc.) Recreational user fee

Cultural attractions Entrance fees

Extractive goods

NTFPs (Fruits, nuts, other basic foodstuffs, resins, materials for handicrafts, etc)

Resource extraction fees; Biodiversity enterprise funds

Medicinal plants Resource extraction fees; bioprospecting fees

Genetic materials for pharmaceutical and biotechnology uses

Bioprospecting fees

Water‐related services

Drinking water, irrigation water, other uses (e.g., cooling processes, etc.)

Water user‐based fee mechanism

Hydro‐power Water‐based fee mechanism; resource extraction fees; biodiversity enterprise funds

Flood control Water‐based fee mechanism; insurance

Agriculture services

Grazing lands and water to support ranching Water‐based fee mechanism; insurance

Soil and nutrient protection for local agriculture Insurance

Crop pollination Insurance

Global services

Biodiversity conservation (e.g. conservation of rare, endemic and/or migratory species)

Fundraising; GEF; Biodiversity Enterprise Funds

Carbon sequestration / storage (e.g., stored in soils and vegetation)

Carbon market

Climate change mitigation Carbon market; re‐insurance

Other Services

Maintenance of local climate patterns (e.g. local precipitation patterns)

Fiscal instruments; re‐insurance

Scientific research Bioprospecting; Entrance fees; licensing

Thermal power Licensing; land‐use fee

Media Licensing; Entrance/User fees

4.5.4 Formulate and implement financial management policies.


49

SCHEDULE

Program 1. Resource Management and Protection


1.1. Resource Protection and Law Enforcement

Objective: To enforce environmental laws and strengthen stakeholders’ participation in the protection and conservation of ecosystems

Activity Time frame Resource Requirement Responsibility Partners

Creation of MMPL resource protection and law enforcement unit.

2nd Quarter 2010 camera, handheld two‐way radio, GPS

PASu, PAMB DENR, PCSDS, PNP, KSK

Conduct regular foot patrols and 24‐hour response service.

regular routine Camera, GPS, log book, measuring tape, binoculars, handheld two‐way radio

PA rangers, PA staff DENR, PCSDS, PNP, KSK

Encourage community organizations and barangay officials inside the MMPL to participate in protection and law enforcement activities

3rd Quarter 2010 PASu, Resource Protection

and Law Enforcement Unit DENR, PCSDS, PNP, ELAC, KSK, NGO/PO, LGU, PNNI, Rizal EEC, KFI, Culasian wardens, other POs

Establish a coordinating mechanism among the MMPL law enforcement unit.

3rd Quarter 2010 PASu, PAMB DENR, PCSDS, PNP, ELAC, KSK, NGO/PO, LGU, PNNI, Rizal EEC, KFI, Culasian wardens, other POs

Develop and implement an incentive/reward system.

1st Quarter 2011 to 2020

PASu, PAMB DENR, PCSDS, PNP, ELAC, KSK, NGO/PO, LGU, PNNI, Rizal EEC, KFI, Culasian wardens, other POs

Design and distribute law enforcement handbooks. 3rd Quarter 2010, 2013, and 2015

Computer, printer, brochures, guidelines

PA staff, Resource Protection and Law Enforcement Unit

DENR, PCSDS, ELAC, KSK, NGO/PO, LGU

Conduct environmental law awareness fora in remote villages within MMPL.

3rd Quarter 2010 onwards

Laptop, LCD projector, camera, printer, portable generator set, portable sound system


DENR, PCSDS, ELAC, KSK

Formulate appropriate protection and enforcement strategies and policies.

2nd Quarter 2010 Laptop, LCD projector, camera, printer

PASu, PAMB DENR, PCSD

Provide legal assistance to litigation process and logistics

As needed PASu, PAMB DENR, PCSDS


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1.2 Scientific Monitoring and Research

Objective: To promote scientific research on the state of and pressures on biodiversity, the contributions to human well‐being and the responses to the pressures on species and habitats and evaluate the effectiveness of management interventions.


Create research and monitoring team/unit under the protected area office.

3rd Quarter 2010 Laptop, LCD projector, camera, printer

PASu, PAMB, Research Advisory Committee

DENR, PCSDS, NGO, academe, LGUs

Organize a research advisory committee. 4th Quarter 2010 PAMB DENR, PCSD, NGO, academe

Establish research and monitoring database. 2nd Quarter 2010 Computer PA staff, PASu NGO, DENR, PCSDS, academe

Establish biodiversity monitoring station/s. 3rd Quarter 2011 Camera, computer, printer, measuring tape, GPS, maps, binoculars, log book, two‐way handheld radio

PA staff, DENR, Research and Monitoring Team/Unit

DENR, NGO/PO, PCSDS

Conduct research and monitoring activities based on the priorities to fill in data gaps and populate the research and monitoring database. This will focus on species, habitats and human well‐being concerns.

2011 ‐2020 GPS, tent, maps, laptop, printer, binoculars, satellite images, sleeping bags, questionnaire, survey forms, water quality test kits, air quality monitoring, SLR camera, two‐way handheld radio

Research and Monitoring Team/Unit, PA staff

LGUs, DENR, PCSDS, CI, academe, PO

Establish comprehensive management and information system The information system will contain existing databases, maps lodged at the LGUs, DENR, PCSDS, CI, academe, NGOs, private sector and other depositories of existing information).

2nd Quarter 2010 Computer, printer, maps PA staff, PASu LGUs, DENR, PCSDS,

CI, academe, private sector

Prepare recommendations to the management body, based on results of surveys and monitoring activities.

Every 3rd Quarter

starting 2011 to 2020

Computer, printer PA staff, PASu, Research Advisory Committee

NGO, DENR, PCSDS, academe

Popularize information obtained from studies for awareness campaigns.

Every end of 4th Quarter 2012 to 2020

Computer, printer PA staff, Research and Monitoring Team/Unit

DENR, PCSDS, CI, academe


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1.3 Habitat Rehabilitation and Management Objective: To rehabilitate/restore degraded habitats and watersheds within MMPL to ensure the well‐being of the fragile biodiversity, as well as the communities that depend on the various ecosystem services.


Assess important habitats requiring rehabilitation. 3rd Quarter 2010 GPS, map PA staff, PASu, Research and Monitoring Team/Unit

LGUs, DENR, PCSDS, NGO/PO

Identify and implement appropriate and site‐specific restoration plan.

4th Quarter 2010 GPS, tent, maps, laptop, printer, binoculars, satellite images, water quality test kits, camera

PAO, PAMB LGUs, DENR, PCSDS, NGO/PO

Encourage municipalities/barangays to declare/adopt watersheds.

3rd Quarter 2010 PASu, PAMB LGUs, DENR, PCSDS, PO, CI

Initiate and sustain annual tree‐planting day. The species to be propagated in municipal or community nurseries shall be those species specified in site‐specific restoration plans.

Every 3rd Quarter

2010 to 2020 (annual)

Nurseries, seedlings, maps, camera

PA staff, PASu, rangers LGUs, DENR, PCSDS

Monitor restoration/rehabilitation activities. 4th Quarter 2010 to 2020 (annual)

GPS, camera, maps PA staff, PASu, rangers LGUs, DENR, PCSDS, NGO/PO

In coordination with the Mines and Geosciences Bureau, require MPSA holders (MacroAsia and Celestial) to rehabilitate damaged areas within and in the periphery of MMPL.

When mining operations commence despite stakeholder objections

DENR‐MGB, PA staff LGUs, DENR, PCSDS, PMRB

1.4 Cultural Resource Management Objective: To recognize, protect and preserve indigenous culture and traditions.


Document IP arts (e.g. sacred rituals, poems, songs, games, instruments, costumes, weapons and herbal medicines), practices and ecological beliefs.

3rd Quarter 2010 Questionnaire, recorders,

camera PA staff, NCIP DENR‐NCIP, LGUs, POs/NGO,

PCSDS

Facilitate orientation, briefing and review of customary laws among the younger generations

3rd Quarter 2010, 2015 and 2020

PA staff, NCIP DENR‐NCIP, LGUs, POs/NGO, PCSDS


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Undertake demographic and "phylogenetic" mapping of IP communities, to verify genuine leadership and help resolve leadership conflicts.

2nd Quarter 2010

Recorders, survey forms, Research and Monitoring Team/Unit, LGUS

DENR‐NCIP, LGUs, POs/NGO, PCSDS

Facilitate construction of “basalan” or “kalangbanwa” in each municipality as venue for IP gathering.

Intermittent (Sofronio Espanola, done in 2009)

Round timber, nipa shingles, rattan, bamboo

PA staff POs, DENR‐NCIP

Support annual IP day activities (tree planting, cultural presentations, cultural booth, product display, cultural games like kasing, pitsaw, supok, tampor).

Every 2nd Quarter 2011 to 2020 (annual)

seedlings, DENR‐NCIP, PA staff DENR‐NCIP, LGUs, POs/NGO, PCSDS

1.5 Boundary Demarcation and Management

Objective: To demarcate the boundaries of MMPL, adopt and implement appropriate management zoning within the framework of SEP, in harmony with NIPAS, Local Government Code, IPRA and other relevant policies.


Create a multi‐sectoral demarcation team. 2nd Quarter 2010 Computer, printer, PASu, PAMB LGUs, DENR, PCSDS, CI

Prepare comprehensive demarcation plan. 2nd Quarter 2010 map, GPS PASu, PAMB LGUs, DENR, PCSDS, CI

Conduct public consultations and awareness campaigns on the importance of boundary and zone demarcation in all barangays.

2nd Quarter, 2010 PASu and multi‐sectoral

demarcation team LGUs, DENR, CI

Mark the boundaries and zones with visible markers, billboards and interpretive signs.

2nd Quarter 2010 to 4th Quarter 2011

GPS, camera, maps, concrete monuments, GPS, Laptop, Binoculars, compass, clinometers, tripod

PA staff and multi‐sectoral demarcation team

LGUs, DENR, PCSDS, CI

Adopt and implement zone management policies, in consultation with stakeholders.

1st Quarter 2011 PASu & PAMB LGUs, DENR, PCSDS


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Program 2. Community Development and Outreach Goal: Reduce resource extraction to a sustainable level by supporting efforts to lessen communities’ dependence on activities that degrade the environment.

2.1. Community Mobilization

Objective: To strengthen capacity of local stakeholders in sustainable management of natural resources.


Coordinate with NGOs and other institutions who are involved in community organizing and development within MMPL.

1st Quarter 2010 vehicle PA staff LGUs, DENR, PCSDS. NGOs

Establish baseline information on the organizational status of POs as basis for intervention plans/programs.

2nd Quarter 2010 Computer, printer PA staff LGUs, DENR, PCSDS. NGOs

Map existing and proposed ancestral domains, CBFMs and PACBARMA.

2nd Quarter 2010 Laptop, GPS, maps PA staff DENR, PCSDS, NCIP, LGUs, POs

Assess effectiveness of programs implemented in model ancestral domains and replicate successes in other ancestral domains.

3rd Quarter 2010

Survey forms, maps PA staff DENR, PCSDS, NCIP, LGUs, POs

Facilitate disaster preparedness/mitigation planning.

2nd Quarter 2011, 2015 and 2018

Training manuals, emergency equipment/kit


LGUs, PDCC, BFP, PNR, PNP, PAGASA

Provide relevant capacity‐building support. as needed Laptop, LCD Projector, Camera, training manuals, guidelines, maps

PA staff LGUs, DENR, PCSDS, DA, NGOs/PO,

2.2. Alternative/Sustainable Livelihoods

Objective: To facilitate the development and provision of alternative enterprise‐based livelihood and the delivery of basic services to local communities by concerned and interested institutions through partnership agreements.


Assess existing enterprise‐based livelihood projects. 3rd Quarter 2010 PA staff LGUs, PO, NGO, DA, DTI

Develop a livelihood portfolio that would mobilize the resources of various institutions.

3rd Quarter 2010 PA staff LGUs, PAMB, DTI


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Model different technologies that will promote conservation and sustainable economic benefits to communities.


PA staff LGUs, PO, NGO, DA, DTI

Provide relevant technology support, including integrated pest management for crops and livestock

Continuing, as need arises

PA staff LGUs, PO, NGO, DA, DTI

Explore feasibility of biofarm project on Momordica charantia L. and Vitex negundo L.

1st Quarter 2011 PASu, Research and Monitoring Team/Unit

PCART, IDEAS, LGUs, DA

Establish/improve marketing facilities, linkages and promotional support.

1st Quarter 2011 PA staff LGUs, PO, NGO, DA, DTI

Facilitate provision/construction of irrigation, farm‐to‐market roads and post‐harvest infrastructure facilities.

3rd Quarter 2011 Computer, maps, heavy equipments, cement, gravel and sand

PAO, NIA, DPWH LGUs, DPWH, NIA, DA

Strengthen capacity on infrastructure management. 2nd Quarter 2013 PA staff LGUs, PO, NGO, DA, DPWH

Refer concerns pertaining to the delivery of basic services to local communities to LGUs, national government agencies and concerned institutions.


Computer, printer

PASu LGUs, PO, DA, DPWH, NIA, DepEd

2.3. Information, Education and Communication

Objective: To enhance stakeholders’ awareness and participation in the protection and conservation of MMPL.


Improve knowledge sharing platform/resource center at the protected area office in Sofronio Espanola.

2nd Quarter 2010 Laptop, LCD projector, camera,

printer, portable generator set, portable sound system

SPPMC LGUs, DENR, PCSDS, CI

Build alliances with existing local Non‐Government Organizations, Indigenous/People’s Organizations, and media entities conducting environmental awareness in the five covered municipalities.

3rd Quarter 2010 PASu LGUs, DENR, PCSDS, NCIP, NGOs


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Design and disseminate printed materials appropriate for various target audiences.

1st Quarter 2010 onwards

Computer, printer, camera PA staff LGUs, DENR, PCSDS, CI

Broadcast information bits in Filipino on the ecological services provided by Mantalingahan, economic value of forest, soil and water conservation, ecological principles, biodiversity conservation and protected areas.

1st Quarter 2010 onwards

Computer, recorder PA staff LGUs, DENR, PCSDS, CI, DWRI, other broadcast media

Document and disseminate conservation successes, sustainability models, and best stories on sustainable livelihood.


Computer, printer, recorder, camera, video camera

PAO, NGO/PO LGUs, DENR, PCSDS

Mobilize the participation of barangay health providers in the protection of the environment. Conduct lectures during regular meetings of barangay health workers (BHWs) and barangay environment, agriculture and nutrition scholars (BEANs) informing them on the impact of a degraded environment on the health of the people. The information disseminated can be relayed by the health workers when they do house visits in their respective sitios and barangays.



PAO, DOH LGUs, DOH, DA, DENR, NGO/PO

Conduct community sessions in tribal/barangay halls.

3rd to 4th Quarter 2010 onwards


PAO, NGO/PO LGUs, DENR, NCIP, NGO/PO, PCSDS

Monitor & evaluate people’s response/reactions to environmental awareness activities, community perception of the protected area concept and enforcement of policies.

4th Quarter 2010 PAO LGUs, DENR, PCSDS, CI


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Program 3. Tourism and Recreation Goal: Develop tourism potentials within the limits of the carrying capacity of the environment for the benefit of the local economy.

3.1. Recreation Area Development

Objective: To carefully plan and develop potential ecotourism destinations, in partnership with relevant stakeholders.


Undertake tourism feasibility analysis, tourism product researches and determine best practices and potential turn‐offs in existing destinations.

3rd Quarter 2010 tourism plan PA staff Provincial/Municipal Tourism Office, ATTOPP, NGOs

In partnership with relevant stakeholders, identify cutting edge and unique destinations and prioritize at least 3 sites to be developed and promoted.

1st Quarter 2011 Laptop, recorder, maps PA staff Provincial/Municipal Tourism Office, ATTOPP, NGOs

Facilitate construction of visitor facilities such as visitors’ information center, access trails, viewing decks for wildlife and scenic features, camp sites, and if feasible, canopy walk. Every effort shall be made to ensure that the facilities at the ecotourism areas are compatible to the natural environment.

3rd Quarter 2011 Lumber, concrete, roofing

materials, paint PA staff Provincial/Municipal Tourism

Office, ATTOPP, NGOs, business sector, community

Develop tour programs highlighting attractions that can best complement the destinations outside MMPL.

3rd Quarter 2010 to 2020

Computer, maps, photos PA staff Provincial/Municipal Tourism Office, ATTOPP, NGOs, business sector, community

In collaboration with relevant agencies, enhance access to and between places of interest.

3rd Quarter 2011 Computer, maps PA staff Provincial/Municipal Tourism Office, ATTOPP, NGOs, business sector, community

Encourage service providers around MMPL tourism sites.

4th Quarter 2011 Computer, maps, photos PA staff Provincial/Municipal Tourism Office, ATTOPP, NGOs, business sector, community

Devise appropriate user‐fees system for various tourism services.

2nd Quarter 2011 Computer, tourism plans PA staff, PAMB Provincial/Municipal Tourism Office, ATTOPP, NGOs, business sector, community

Organize ecotourism events such as birdwatching, trekking, mountain festivals, youth camps.

Environmental month celebration

Computer, LCD Projector, binoculars, tents, GPS, brochures, field guide books

PA staff Provincial/Municipal Tourism Office, ATTOPP, NGOs, business sector, community

Assess other tourism potentials and conduct study on tourism carrying capacity of MMPL.

2nd Quarter 2015 Computer, printer, maps, photos

Research and Monitoring Team/Unit

Provincial/Municipal Tourism Office, ATTOPP, NGOs, business sector, community


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Periodically validate the product‐market matching activity in order to keep up with the trends and developments in tourism.

2nd Quarter 2013 to 2020 (quarterly or annually)

PASu Provincial/Municipal Tourism Office, ATTOPP, NGOs, business sector, community

3.2. Promotion and Marketing

Objective: To disseminate information on tourism products and services in MMPL to generate revenue both for the protected area and the local communities.


Prepare a profile of various customers, competitors, tour operators, and other tourism allies, including the media.

4th Quarter 2010 Laptop, printer PA staff DOT, Provincial/Municipal Tourism Office, ATTOPP, NGOs, business sector

Advertise, by tying‐up with the private sector that would most likely benefit from increase in tourism traffic. These include gasoline stations, transport groups (airlines and buses), food establishments, among others who should also be able to contribute in the expenses of promotion.

3rd Quarter 2011 Camera, video camera PASu and Tourism Office DOT, Provincial/Municipal

Tourism Office, ATTOPP, NGOs, business sector

Create and updates MMPL website. Created in 2009; regular updating is equired

Pictures, area profile, maps, database, laptop, camera

PA staff Provincial/Municipal Tourism Office, CI, DOT, PCSDS, DENR, PIO

Host documentary programs and travel shows to highlight the beautiful interesting features.

1st Quarter 2012 Camera, video camera, computer

PASu DOT, Provincial/Municipal Tourism Office, PIO

Create “infomercials” and testimonies from authorities, advocates, experts and popular personalities speaking in favor of MMPL.

3rd Quarter 2010 Recorder, laptops, video

camera PAO Staff, NGO/PO, PAMB Radio stations, TV Programs,

PIO, NGO/PO

Join travel trade fairs and events to develop good relationship with prospective clients.

Environment trade fairs & Special events

Tarpaulins, streamers, projector and laptop

PA staff DOT, Provincial/Municipal Tourism Office, PIO

Sponsor, organize or join cause‐oriented activities that focus on the environment, such as Baragatan festival and Search for Miss Earth.

Environment month celebration

PASu DOT, PIO, LGUs


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Maintain partnerships with groups and NGOs that are sympathetic to and advocates of the environment.

2nd Quarter 2010 PASu POs, NGOs, LGUs , DENR, PCSDS, PNNI

Concentrate personal selling on tour operators and travel agents.

4th Quarter 2011 Brochures, flyers, documentary videos, tarpaulins

PASu and PA staff Business establishment, POs, ATOPP

3.3. Visitor Education and Interpretation

Objective: To create a meaningful and worthwhile tourism experience.


Design brochure and fact sheet highlighting Mantalingahan’s uniqueness and novelty, including information related to access, services and facilities.

3rd Quarter 2010, 2013 and 2015

photos, area profile, computer, camera

PA staff LGUs, Municipal Tourism Office, CI

Design and install interpretive signs, slogans and/or themes in various tourism sites, highlighting ecological and cultural significance.

3rd Quarter 2011 to 2020

sign boards, paint, cement, maps

PA staff LGUs, Municipal Tourism Office, CI

Engage, train and accredit local guides. Tour interpretations must be flexible to suit the client, i.e. local, foreign, retirees, youth, expert, cultural advocate and adventurist.

1st Quarter 2012 training manuals, kits,

brochures, LCD projector, laptop

PASu DOT, Provincial/Municipal Tourism Office


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BUDGET

Table x: Proposed Budget for the MMPL

Activity P (1,000)

YI Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Total

OPERATING COSTS

I . Personnel

A. Salaries + benefits (36 employees) 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 25,000

B. Incentives ‐ Law enforcement volunteers 240 240 240 240 240 1,200

II. Maintenance and Other Operating Expenses

A. Travel ‐ Local 100 100 100 100 100 500

B. Training 100 100 100 100 100 500

C. Supplies ‐ Office 20 20 20 20 20 100

‐ Gas, Oil, Lubricant 20 20 20 20 20 100

D. Utilities ‐ Water 10 10 10 10 10 50

‐ Electricity 20 20 20 20 20 100

E. Communication 40 40 40 40 40 200

F. Repair and Maintenance 200 200 200 200 200 1,000

G. Insurance and Registration 5 5 5 5 5 25

SUB TOTAL 5,755 5,755 5,755 5,755 5,755 28,775

MANAGEMENT ACTIVITES

I . Information Education Campaign (IEC)

A. Multimedia production & approaches 1,750 600 600 600 600 4,150

B. Operating cost of IEC campaign 500 500 500 500 500 2,500

II. Development of MIS

A. Design/implementation/maintenance 500 500 500 500 500 2,500

III. Restoration of Conservation Areas

A. Resource Inventory 3,000 2,000 5,000

B. Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR) 4,000 4,000

C. Mangrove reforestation 1,500 1,500

IV. Research and Monitoring

A. Biodiversity Monitoring System (BMS)

1. Monitoring of transects 200 200 200 200 200 800

2. FGD meeting 380 80 80 80 320

3. Photo documentation + field diary 130 130 130 130 520

4. Data analysis and report packaging 200 200 200 200 800

B. Other research activities 600 200 500

C. Hydrological monitoring 650 60 60 60 830

D. Land use monitoring 100 30 60 30 220

V. Forest Protection and Law Enforcement


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Activity P (1,000)

YI Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Total

A. Operating cost for forest protection 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 5,000

B. Mobilization of DENROs/WEOs/wardens 500 200 200 200 200 1,300

VI. Social and Community Development

A. IP Programs 600 1,000 500 250 250 2,600

B. Sustainable livelihoods 1,600 4,000 3,000 2,500 1,500 12,600

VII. Project Management and Supervision

A. Monitoring and evaluation 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 6,000

B. Equipment 5,120 5,120

VIII. Sustainability Planning 1,500 1,500

SUB TOTAL 15,770 18,460 8,400 7,480 7,950 58,060

TOTALS (P 1,000) 21,525 24,215 14,155 13,325 13,705 86,835

TOTALS (US$ 1,000) $548 $515 $301 $282 $292 $1,848

Start‐up costs (P 1,000) 10,020 12,710 2,650 1,730 2,200 29,310

Recurrent costs (P 1,000) 11,505 11,505 11,505 11,505 11,505

Start‐up costs (US$ 1,000) $213 $270 $56 $37 $47 623

Recurrent costs (US$ 1,000) $245 $245 $245 $245 $245

MMPL will require greater funds than are presently available in order to accomplish its goals. The start‐up costs represent the cost of institution building to be incurred during the first five years, including training, development of operations manual, legal fees, and orientation for board members.

In addition to institution building expenses, recurring capital requirements, or operating costs, represent the day‐to‐day cost of doing business. These typically include staff salaries, board meetings, office expenses, equipment and maintenance, and ongoing management programs. Expenses for recurring, long‐term budget requirements in the MMPL can be divided into three categories: protection and management expenses, administrative expenses, and community and tourism expenses. The recurrent costs are projected to be about P11,500,000 (US$245,000).

The combined start‐up and recurrent requirements suggest that an environmental trust fund of around US$3 million is required to cover all expenses.34

34 MMPL Business Plan, 2009


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ANNEXES

A Presidential Proclamation 1815

B Species Lists

C Watershed ares per municipality in MMPL

D Sitios and Households within MMPL

E Environmental Trust Fund

F MMPL PAMB members

G NGOs in MMPL

H POs in MMPL

I References and Data Sources

J Glossary


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A Presidential Proclamation for MMPL


64


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B Species Lists Table B1. Plant species listed in IUCN (2008) and DENR DAO 2007‐01 as threatened.

Family Scientific Name IUCN 2008 DAO 2007‐1

Anacardiaceae Mangifera altissima Blanco Vulnerable Vulnerable

Annonaceae Orophea cf. cumingiana Vidal Not Assessed Vulnerable

Araliaceae Schefflera curranii Merr. Endangered Endangered

Araucariaceae Agathis celebica (Koord.) Warb. Least concern Vulnerable

Cyatheaceae Cyathea ferruginea H Christ Not Assessed Endangered

Dipterocarpaceae Shorea guiso (Blanco) Blume Critically endangered Not Assessed

Euphorbiaceae Aporosa symplocifolia Merr. Not Assessed Other Wildlife Species

Drypetes palawanensis (Pax & Hoffm.) Vulnerable Other Threatened Species

Meliaceae Aglaia edulis (Roxb.) Wall. Near threatened Vulnerable

Myristicaceae Horsfieldia ardisiifolia (A DC) Warb. Vulnerable Not Assessed

Aphanamixix polystachya (Wall.) RN Parker Not Assessed Vulnerable

Myrtaceae Tristaniopsis decorticata (Merr.) Not Assessed Critically endangered

Orchidaceae Paphiopedilum fowliei Birk Critically endangered Critically endangered

Pandanaceae Freycinetia sumatrana Hemsl. Not Assessed Other Wildlife Species

Podocarpaceae Podocarpus rhumphii Blume Least concern Endangered

Polypodiaceae Drynaria quercifolia (L.) J Sm. Not Assessed Vulnerable

Rosaceae Prunus pulgarensis Endangered Not Assessed

Prunus grisea (Blume) Kalkm. Least concern Not Assessed

Sapindaceae Guioa myriadenia Radlk. Endangered Endangered

Guioa palawanica Welzen Critically endangered Critically endangered

Sapotaceae Palaquium cf. bataanense Merr. Vulnerable Not Assessed

Table B2. Amphibians documented in Mt. Mantalingahan, Palawan, Philippines.

SPECIES COMMON NAME ENDEMICITY STATUS (IUCN)

Bufonidae

Ingerophrynus philippinicus Philippine Toad Palawan endemic LC

Megophryidae

Leptobrachium hasselti Hasselt's Toad, Java Spadefoot Toad LC

Megophrys ligayae Palawan Horned Frog Palawan endemic EN

Microhylidae

Chaperina fusca Yellow spotted narrow‐mouthed frog LC

Ranidae

Hylarana moellendorffi Variable‐backed frog Palawan endemic NT

Ingerana mariae Mary's Frog, Palawan Eastern Frog Palawan endemic DD

Limnonectes acanthi Busuanga Wart Frog Fanged Frog Palawan endemic VU

Occidozyga laevis Yellow bellied puddle frog LC

Sanguirana sanguinea Palawan Wood Frog Palawan endemic LC

Staurois natator Black‐spotted Rock Frog LC

Fejervarya vittigera Philippine grass frog; Luzon wart frog Philippine endemic

Rhacophoridae

Philautus longicrus Rough‐skinned Bush Frog NT


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Polypedates leucomystax Four‐lined Tree Frog, Common Tree Frog LC Toadlet sp.

Table B3. Reptiles documented in Mt. Mantalingahan, Palawan, Philippines.


Agamidae

Calotes cristatellus Indonesian calotes Not Assessed

Draco volans Flying Lizard Not Assessed

Colubridae

Ahaetulla prasina Oriental whip snake Indigenous Not Assessed

Boiga cynodon Dog‐toothed cat snake Indigenous Not Assessed

Calamaria palawanensis Palawan worm snake Palawan endemic Not Assessed

Dendrelaphis pictus Gmelin's bronzeback snake Indigenous Not Assessed

Elaphe philippina

Gonyosoma oxycephalum Red‐tailed green ratsnake Not Assessed

Oligodon vertebralis Southern short‐headed snake Indigenous Not Assessed

Psammodynastes pulverulentus Mock viper Indigenous Not Assessed

Rhabdophis chrysarga Speckle‐bellied keelback Indigenous Not Assessed

Zaocys carinatus Keeled rat snake Indigenous Not Assessed

Crotalidae

Trimeresurus schultzei Schultze's Pit Viper Palawan endemic Not Assessed

Elapidae

Calliophis intestinalis Striped Coral Snake Not Assessed

Maticora intestinalis bilineata Banded Malayan coral snake Indigenous Not Assessed

Naja naja miolepis Common cobra Indigenous Not Assessed

Gekkonidae

Cyrtodactylus annulatus Small bent‐toed gecko Indigenous Not Assessed

Gekko palawanensis Palawan narrow‐disked gecko Palawan endemic Not Assessed

Gekko sp

Hemidactylus frenatus Common house gecko Indigenous Not Assessed

Geoemydidae

Cyclemys dentata Brown stream terrapin Indigenous NT

Scincidae

Dasia griffin Griffin'skeel‐scaled skink Indigenous Not Assessed

Lamprolepis smaragdina philippinica

Green Tree skink Indigenous Not Assessed

Mabuya cumingi Palawan endemic

Mabuya indeprensa Indigenous Not Assessed

Mabuya multifasciata Common mabuya; Common Asiatic Skink; Many striped mabuya

Indigenous Not Assessed


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Sphenomorphus sp Palawan earless sphenomorphus

Palawan endemic Not Assessed

Varanus salvator marmoratus Malayan water monitor lizard Indigenous Not Assessed

Trionychidae

Dogania subplana Malayan soft‐shelled turtle LC

Pelochelys sp Giant cantor Introduced EN

Table B4. Avifauna documented in Mt. Mantalingahan, Palawan, Philippines.


Accipitridae

Accipiter trivirgatus palawanus Crested Goshawk Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Spilornis cheela palawanensis Crested‐Serpent Eagle Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Spizaetus cirrhatus limnaeetus Changeable Hawk‐Eagle Palawan sub‐species race LC

Alcedinidae

Alcedo meningting amadoni Blue‐eared Kingfisher Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Ceyx erithacus rufidorsa Oriental Dwarf‐Kingfisher Palawan sub‐species race LC

Halcyon capensis gouldi Stork billed kingfisher Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Halcyon coromanda linae Ruddy kingfisher Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Todiramphus chloris collaris White collared Kingfisher Palawan sub‐species race LC

Apodidae

Collocalia esculenta marginata Glossy Swiftlet Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Collocalia troglodytes Pygmy Swiftlet Philippine endemic LC

Ardeidae

Egretta eulophotes Chinese Egret Migratory VU

Artamidae

Artamus leucorhynchus leucorhynchus White breasted woodswallow Palawan sub‐species race LC

Bucerotidae

Anthracoceros marchei Palawan Hornbill Palawan endemic VU

Campephagidae

Pericrocotus cinnamomeus igneus Small minivet Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Caprimulgidae

Caprimulgus macrurus johnsoni Large‐tailed Nightjar Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Cisticolidae

Cisticola juncidis nigrostriata zitting cisticola Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Columbidae

Chalcophaps indica Common Emerald‐Dove Palawan sub‐species race LC

Ducula aenea palawanensis Green Imperial pigeon Palawan sub‐species race LC

Geopelia striata Zebra Dove Palawan sub‐species race LC

Macropygia phasianella tenuirostris Reddish cuckoo‐dove Palawan endemic sub‐species LC


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Ptilinopus leclancheri gironieri Black‐chinned fruit‐dove Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Stigmatopelia chinensis tigrina Spotted Dove Palawan sub‐species race LC

Treron curvirostris erimacra Thick‐billed Green‐Pigeon Palawan sub‐species race LC

Treron vernans vernans Pink‐necked Green‐Pigeon Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Coraciidae

Eurystomus orientalis cyanocollis Asian dollarbird Palawan sub‐species race LC

Corvidae

Corvus enca pusillus Slender‐billed crow Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Cuculidae

Cacomantis merulinus merulinus Plaintive cuckoo Palawan sub‐species race LC

Cacomantis sonneratii schlegeli Banded Bay Cuckoo Palawan sub‐species race LC

Cacomantis variolosus sepulcralis Brush cuckoo Palawan sub‐species race LC

Centropus bengalensis javanensis Lesser Coucal Palawan sub‐species race LC

Centropus sinensis bubutus Greater Coucal Palawan sub‐species race LC

Phaenicophaeus curvirostris harringtoni**

Chestnut‐breasted Malkoha Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Surniculus lugubris minimus Drongo cuckoo Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Dicaeidae

Dicaeum aeruginosum affine Striped Flowerpecker Phil. endemic/Palawan endemic sub‐species

LC

Dicaeum pygmaeum palawanorum Pygmy Flowerpecker Phil. endemic/Palawan sub‐species race

LC

Prionochilus plateni plateni Palawan Flowerpecker Palawan endemic LC

Dicruridae

Dicrurus hottentottus palawanensis Hair crested drongo Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Dicrurus leucophaeus leucophaeus Ashy Drongo Palawan sub‐species race LC

Estrildidae

Erythrura hyperythra Tawny‐breasted Parrotfinch New island record LC

Erythrura prasina Pin‐tailed parrotfinch New country record LC

Lonchura leucogastra palawana White‐bellied Munia Palawan sub‐species race LC

Lonchura malacca jagori Chestnut munia Palawan sub‐species race LC

Lonchura punctulata cabanisi Scaly‐breasted Munia Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Irenidae

Irena puella tweeddalei Asian Fairy‐bluebird Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Monarchidae

Hypothymis azure Black‐naped Monarch Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Terpsiphone cyanescens Blue paradise‐flycatcher Palawan endemic NT

Muscicapidae

Culicicapa helianthea panayensis Citrine Canary Flycatcher Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Cyornis lemprieri Palawan Blue Flycatcher Palawan endemic NT

Ficedula platenae Palawan Flycatcher Palawan endemic VU

Ficedula westermanni palawanensis Little Pied Flycatcher Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Nectariniidae


69


Aethopyga shelleyi shelleyi Lovely sunbird Philippine endemic LC

Anthreptes malacensis paraguae Plain‐throated Sunbird Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Arachnothera longirostra dilutior Little Spiderhunter Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Nectarinia calcostetha Copper‐throated Sunbird LC

Nectarinia jugularis aurora Olive‐backed Sunbird Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Nectarinia sperata trochilus Purple‐throated Sunbird Palawan sub‐species race LC

Oriolidae

Oriolus chinensis chinensis Black‐naped Oriole Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Pachycephalidae

Pachycephala grisola plateni Mangrove Whistler Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Paridae

Parus amabilis Palawan Tit Palawan endemic NT

Phasianidae

Coturnix chinensis lineata Blue‐breasted Quail Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Polyplectron napoleonis Palawan Peacock Pheasant Palawan endemic VU

Picidae

Dinopium javanense everetti Common Flameback Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Pittidae

Pitta sordida palawanensis Hooded pitta Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Psittacidae

Cacatua haematuropygia Philippine Cockatoo Philippine endemic CR

Prioniturus platenae Blue‐headed Racquet‐tail Palawan endemic VU

Tanygnathus lucionensis salvadorii Blue‐naped parrot Palawan sub‐species race NT

Pycnonotidae

Criniger bres frater Grey cheeked bulbul Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Hypsipetes palawanensis Sulphur bellied bulbul Palawan endemic LC

Pycnonotus atriceps atriceps Black‐headed Bulbul Palawan sub‐species race LC

Pycnonotus plumosus cinereifrons Olive‐winged bulbul Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Rallidae

Rallina fasciata Red‐legged crake LC

Sittidae

Sitta frontalis palawana Velvet‐fronted nuthatch Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Sturnidae

Aplonis panayensis panayensis Asian Glossy Starling Palawan sub‐species race LC

Gracula religiosa palawanensis Hill Myna Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Sylviidae

Cettia vulcania palawana Sunda Bush‐Warbler Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Orthotomus cucullatus viridicollis Mountain Tailorbird Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Orthotomus sericeus sericeus Rufous‐tailed tailorbird Palawan sub‐species race LC

Phylloscopus trivirgatus peterseni Mountain Leaf‐Warbler Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Seicercus montis xanthopygius Yellow‐breasted Warbler Palawan endemic sub‐species LC


70


Timaliidae

Macronous gularis woodi Striped tit‐babbler Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Malacopteron palawanense Melodious babbler Palawan endemic NT

Ptilocichla falcata Falcated ground‐Babbler Palawan endemic VU

Stachyris hypogrammica Palawan Striped‐Babbler Palawan endemic NT

Trichastoma cinereiceps Ashy‐headed babbler Palawan endemic LC

Turdidae

Brachypteryx montana sillimani White‐browed Shortwing Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Copsychus niger White‐vented Shama Palawan endemic LC

Tytonidae

Otus fuliginosus Palawan scops owl Palawan endemic NT

Otus mantananensis mantananensis Mantanani Scops‐Owl Near endemic (Philippine) NT

Strix seloputo wiepkeni Spotted wood‐owl Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Zosteropidae

Zosterops montanus parkesi Mountain white‐eye Palawan endemic sub‐species LC

Table B5. Mammals documented in Mt. Mantalingahan, Palawan, Philippines.


Cercopithecidae

Macaca fascicularis philippinensis Crab‐eating macaque Philippine endemic sub species LC

Emballonuridae

Saccolaimus saccolaimus Bare‐rumped sheathtail‐bat LC

Manidae

Manis culionensis Philippine pangolin Palawan endemic NT

Megadermatidae

Megaderma spasma Lesser false vampire bat LC

Molossidae

Cheiromeles torquatus Greater naked bat/Hairless bat Palawan restricted range LC

Muridae

Chiropodomys calamianensis Palawan pencil‐tailed tree mouse Palawan endemic DD

Maxomys panglima Palawan spiny rat Palawan endemic LC

Palawanomys furvus Palawan soft‐furred mountain rat Palawan endemic DD

Rattus exulans Polynesian rat, Small spiny rice‐field rat

LC

Rattus tiomanicus Malaysian field rat Palawan restricted range LC

Sundamys muelleri Müller’s sundamys rat Palawan restricted range LC

Mustelidae

Mydaus marchei Palawan stink badger Palawan endemic LC

Pteropodidae


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Acerodon leucotis Palawan flying fox Palawan endemic VU

Cynopterus brachyotis Lesser dog‐faced fruit bat LC

Eonycteris spelaea Dawn Bat LC

Macroglossus minimus Dagger toothed long nosed fruit bat

LC

Pteropus vampyrus Large flying fox. NT

Rousettus amplexicaudatus Geoffroy's rousette LC

Rhinolophidae

Hipposideros diadema Diadem roundleaf bat LC

Rhinolophus arcuatus Arcuate horseshoe bat LC

Rhinolophus virgo Yellow‐faced horseshoe bat Philippine endemic NT

Sciuridae

Sundasciurus rabori Palawan montane tree squirrel Palawan endemic DD

Sundasciurus sp Squirrel

Soricidae

Crocidura palawanensis Palawan shrew Palawan endemic LC

Crocidura sp

Suidae

Sus barbatus ahoenobarbus Palawan bearded pig Palawan endemic sub‐species VU

Tupaiidae

Tupaia palawanensis Palawan tree shrew Palawan endemic LC

Vespertilionidae

Kerivoula hardwickii Hardwicke's woolly bat LC

Miniopterus australis Little long‐fingered Bat Palawan restricted range LC

Murina cyclotis Round‐eared tube‐nosed bat LC

Myotis horsfieldii Horsfield's myotis LC

Pipistrellus javanicus Javan pipistrelle LC

Viverridae

Arctictis binturong whitei Palawan Binturong Palawan endemic sub‐species VU

Paradoxurus hermaphroditus Common palm civet LC

Viverra tangalunga Malayan civet LC


72

C. Watershed area per municipality in MMPL

Watershed

Total Area

of Watershed (ha)

Area of Watershed inside MMPL

(ha)

Area of Watershed Inside MMPL per MUNICIPALITY (ha)

Española Brooke's Point

Bataraza Rizal Quezon

Aplian‐Caramay River 6896.4 280.4 100.7 179.6

Babanga River 1564.4 555.4 555.4

Barong‐barong River 6079.1 1752.1 1752.1

Bono‐bono River 1326.2 703.4 703.4

Bulalacao River 2510.6 1923.9 1383.1 540.8

Buligay River 4800.6 1476.7 1476.7

Candawaga River 7914.0 4375.2 508.80 3866.4

Culasian River 10791.7 7713.0 7.39 7705.6

Idyok River 951.1 228.5 168.40 60.14

Ilog River 10809.7 7852.4 7852.4

Inogbong River 3347.0 1703.8 726.73 977.15

Iraan River 18356.3 12632.9 411.48 12221.4

Iwahig River 17834.8 3054.75 118.62 2936.1

Kinlugan River 6999.88 4368.15 2023.87 2344.28

Labog River 5365.92 224.18 224.18

Lamikan River 15778.3 10379.9 612.71 170.24 1181.6 8415.3

Malambunga River 14512.9 7153.75 7153.7

Mambalot‐Pilantropia River

12363.4 4394.95 75.52 4308.1

11.32

Marangas River 4840.48 3845.06 897.69 2456.2 491.10

Panalingaan River 7107.03 3537.35 3537.3

Panitian River QZ 17903.0 2093.02 673.00 1420.0

Pulot River 18192.3 6158.38 5384.4 18.20 755.73

Ransang River 8915.92 5094.30 5094.3

Salogon River 2492.34 1617.73 1617.7

Samare±ana River 7065.58 4183.08 3817.0 366.03

Saraza River 3836.27 2373.46 2373.4

Summerumsum River 3193.47 1090.90 1090.9

Tagbuaya River 7251.98 3062.20 1.00 2952.7 108.48

Tagusao River 5658.74 538.11 538.11

Tarusan River 2811.51 681.67 633.58 48.09

Tasay River 2668.48 1683.02 1558.1 124.93

Tigaplan River 17248.7 13611.5 12516.4 1095.0

Unnamed River 707.26 113.39 113.39

Total 284379.15 120457.2 7070.6 31499.3 8011.21 60294.0 13582.0


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D Sitios and Households within MMPL

Municipality Barangay Upland Sitio # of HH

Quezon

Malatgao

LambatanBinagwanan Crusher Kabuyuan Napsan Samburaya Semen Patag

14 1 2 3 2 1 1

Sowangan Mapasong 16Tagusao Cacawitan 11

Linaw‐LinawBalonbon Isapa

8 12 5

Calumpang Malinao 27

Quinlongan

Malinao 2Malinao 3 Malinao 4 Malinao 5 Malinao 6 Malinao 7 Malinao 8 Malinao 9 Salong Tagababadil Labo‐Labuan Lampinag Bayabas Bunsok Daan Elyan Lubgod Mayangyang Minampang Natonao Pamalikatan Paraya Sapaan Tanglad Tigbarangan

3 30 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 6 6 9 9 7 3 2 12 7 2 5

10 4 24 1 2

Sub‐total 258

Bataraza Inogbong Baker 4

Balak 12Bayabas 20Dugyan 14Elay 1Capinpin 21Konet 5Kusor 3Lupak 19Maasin‐asin 13Mangga‐mangga 10Papan 38ParatungonSaray

88

Marangas Amrang 7

Balisong 7Inagaan 19Kalmotan 9Tigwayan 7


74


Bono‐bono

TimrasTubtub Turbong/Jesmag

77 7

Brake 6

Bual‐bual 27Cabangaan 8Iniam 26Kabinsagan 9Maliwanan 27Sayugan 3Tibag 20 Turbong 15Marinsyawon 12

Malihud Cogom, Purok III 2

Bulalacao

Elian, Purok II 12Kapangyan, Purok IIIMalpot, Purok III

5 18

Tostablos, Purok II 27Badya‐badya 11

Dunlog 7

Pangi‐pangi 42Poot‐bato 1Talog‐tog 19

Tarusan Budis‐budis 52

Sub‐total 605

S. Espanola Labog Gintuan 12

Punang 0Pulot Interior Pangatban 49

Sub‐total 61

Brooke's Pt. Calasaguen

Maasin GiubMambalotIpilan

Tula‐tulaGuba

129

Aribungos Bayog 56

Mainit

Upper Ra‐angAswangen Cabuyuan Cabuyuan II Cabuyuan III

3436 38 56 16

Calapi 35

Imulnod Amas Tubtub Pangobilian

Calas 37Mansalay 70ProperCabangaan Cabolnokan Carusuan Katandayan Matyaga Proper Proper II Tabod Proper Unnamed 1 Cogoncogon Unnamed 2 Unnamed 3

1538 58 79

138 42 22 69 48 49 40 37 25 19

Malia 48Impog 6


75


Rizal

Alipid 1 Maruyog 1

Mate 34Saraza Dao 32 Samarenana Salogon

Kangrian 46Tabud 57Kabangaan 66Kamatian/LaplapTagapinasao 26

Malis

Kabulan 25Babanga 22Kilala 32

Mag‐agong 16 Odiok 30 Pansor 22

Subtotal 1542

Bunog Buwe 17

Denloman 3

Dinaman 3

Gabat 1Inambak 2Isugod 1Maliko‐liko 1Malubog 1

Mantayob 1Membakan 1Nabalicua 7Paranggi 1Tagnotawan 2

Tarontong 1 Talupas 2Iraan Arringon 3 Banisi 6 Proper 2 Punta Baja Campong Ulay Ransang

Guilingan 5Kininaman 8MantiPinagtabuan Salongsong Soreh Taring Bugtongin Bungo Bustungin Kalupisan Magsilo Magtungo Makulibsa Tagbiyaw‐biyaw Tatabionan Kalitawan Ilog Malaca‐laca Sesiodan Apogan Balagbag Balebale Baluing

33 6 4

2 16 8 14 2 7 11 15 1 19

1 1 1 4


76


Candawaga Culasian

BayanganinKapinpin Kamantisan Kanakakan Kasop Kuminornop Madaga Magtanor Makanitkanit Malutok Maangkopa Marayparay Masanglay Mataulay Naligisan Omang Tanga Pahopaho Pinagar Pinpin Podkot Posok Ro‐ad Rondaw Salogon Samo Signapan Tampoy Ubodan Babnitan Dalisian Guray Kaanibungan Kanapnapan Lubukan Malacalaca Maluya Maruso Maslog Nadalisian Nagtungob Nambarnakan Pandan Pias Pinatubo Salaan Salogsogon Sibangko Tatabionan Api‐api Bakaw‐bakaw Binangkayan Bucana Danacar Danlog Dinawagan Kalamundoy Pulangbukid Linawagan Pinagar Panatitig Sinadayan Tagbalogo Tagablogo I

22 2 1 1 1 3 9 6 2 2 8 1 6 1 2 1 14 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 11 1 4 2 1 9 1 3 3 17 4 13 6 1 1 3 4 10 1 1 4 1 1 6 10 1 5 2 6 1 1 5 1 5 11 10 9 2


77


Panalingaan

Tagablogo IIDarapiton Kumahos Kadulan Suwi Kuhot

19

Subtotal 485

GRAND TOTAL 2,951


78

E Environmental Trust Fund

An Environmental Trust Fund (ETF) is a legal structure by which money or other assets are held, invested, and spent by a board of trustees (or directors) exclusively for a specific purpose. In the Philippines, ETFs are exempt from taxation under Rule 18 of the NIPAS law.

An ETF can be structured as an endowment fund, a sinking fund, a revolving fund, or a combination of these.

An Endowment fund spends income only from interest earned on its capital, thus, preserving the capital as a permanent asset. An endowment is usually invested in some combination of commercial bank deposits, government treasury bonds, corporate stocks or bonds, and mutual or exchange‐traded funds to ensure existence over the long term.

A Sinking fund disburses the entire principle and plus any investment income over a fixed period of time. Thus, the capital of the fund gradually “sinks” to zero over a predetermined period (usually a long period, between 10 and 20 years).

A Revolving fund receives new income on a regular basis – such as proceeds from special taxes, user fees, etc. or an annual government subsidy – to replenish or augment the original capital. In some cases, a small percentage of each year’s revenues are put into a reserve fund that can be drawn upon if the income from fees or taxes suddenly drops due to unforeseen economic or political events.

There are benefits to all three types of funds, and until the revenue structure of the MMPL is better known, it is too early to recommend which type of fund best suits the MMPL. However, if possible, endowment funds generally ensure the highest long‐term success for conservation activities associated with ecological processes that occur over long time scales.

Best Practices for an Environmental Fund

The GEF review (as cited by Spergel and Taeib in Rapid Review of Conservation Trust Funds, 2008) of ETFs found a number of ‘best practices’:

1. Build a Strategic Focus. ETFs that lack a focused strategy run the risk of spreading their resources too thinly. Strategies employed to develop program-focus include:

Support of, or linkages to, national or regional priority‐setting;

Use of community or technical advisory committees to identify priorities in particular geographic or thematic areas;

Use of a logical framework methodology to identify objectives and measures to be used to evaluate progress toward achievement of those objectives;

Identification of specific types of innovations or catalytic actions that the fund wishes to promote.

2. ETFs that support one or more protected area are better equipped than those that finance

conservation or research projects. ‘Park Funds’ have a predetermined geographic focus and activities are usually linked to the management plan of the specific area. ‘Grant Funds’ – those used for conservation or research projects – tend to be less focused, have a diverse community of recipients, and spread resources much more thinly.


79

3. The establishment of a trust fund creates a basic sense of “resource security” felt by managers. This allows them to focus on broader conservation issues (and additional sources of support) beyond trying to meet basic staff and operating costs. It also leads to greater staff continuity, an important ingredient to building relationships with stakeholders essential to participative management.

4. ETF managers need more than just financial skills. ETFs need governance structures, staff, and

technical support that can maintain transparency and support participatory approaches to conservation and sustainable development. ETF staffing must be innovative and flexible to respond to local conditions, while meeting potentially complex administrative procedures imposed by the donor agencies. The business sector may be a useful source of expertise—ETF boards may benefit from members from Chambers of Commerce, national business councils, and tourism industry associations.

5. There are several advantages of larger over smaller boards, in particular, the ability to establish working committees to deal with the diverse issues: financial management, fundraising, technical oversight.

6. Demands for grants often do not meet expectations of ETF managers. ETFs often require administrative procedures that are inappropriate for field activities involving a large number of small, difficult‐to‐invoice purchases. In many cases, the number of NGOs that can prepare and manage good project proposals is limited, and ETFs must often arrange for technical support to potential grant recipients. The Philippine Foundation for the Environment was initially overwhelmed with inadequately prepared proposals.

Monitoring & Evaluation

Sound financial management with a commitment to transparency bolsters the credibility of the ETF, as well‐designed monitoring & evaluation, including regular independent audits, allow for an objective assessment of the fund’s operations, and assist the managers to improve their system’s operations.

The ETF’s distribution policy should set forth clear procedures for prioritizing funding in the likely event that requests exceed income. This is particularly important for ETFs that will be undercapitalized in the early years.


80

F Protected Area Management Board Members (as of February 2010)

Name Organization

Dir. Vicente Paragas, Chairman DENR – Regional Executive Director

Hon. Marsito C. Acoy, Co-Chair SPPC Chairperson

Hon. Joel T. Reyes Governor of Palawan

Hon. Abraham Kahlil B. Mitra Representative, 2nd Congressional District

Hon. Abraham Ibba Mayor, Bataraza

Hon. Cesario Benedito, Jr. Mayor, Brooke’s Point

Hon. Ronilo Caputilla Mayor, Quezon

Hon. Clara Degilio Mayor, Rizal

Mr. Samuel V. Madamba II Provincial Planning and Developmental Officer

Hon. Eddie N. Sagun Brgy. Chair, Bono-Bono, Bataraza

Hon. Melvin A. Narrazid Brgy. Chair, Marangas, Bataraza

Hon. Dante G. Mejila Sr. Brgy. Chair, Bulalacao, Bataraza

Hon. Julius M. Villapa Brgy. Chair, Malihud, Bataraza

Hon. Daniel O. Pasigua Brgy. Chair, Tarusan, Bataraza

Hon. Tarzan A. Madtahil Brgy. Chair, Ingobong, Bataraza

Hon. Restituto M. Panganiba Brgy. Chair, Amas, Brooke’s Point

Hon. Ratib M. Melosin Brgy. Chair, Aribungos, Brookes Point

Hon. Nasrie S. Alpad Brgy. Chair, Calasaguen, Brooke’s Point

Hon. Levi M. Adioc Brgy. Chair, Imulnod, Brooke’s Point

Hon. Jonathan Z. Lagrada Brgy. Chair,, Ipilan, Brooke’s Point

Hon. Ronnie A. Fortes Brgy. Chair, Maasin, Brooke’s Point

Hon. Federico A. Aguilar Brgy. Chair, Mainit, Brooke’s Point

Hon. Franklin A. Hidalgo Brgy. Chair, Malis, Brooke’s Point

Hon. Erlinda A. Edep Brgy. Chair, Mambalot, Brooke’s Point

Hon. Sisinando S. Balberan Brgy. Chair, Pangobilian, Brookes’s Point

Hon. Rogelio A. Badua Brgy. Chair, Salogon, Brooke’s Point

Hon. Vicente O. Garcia Brgy. Chair, Samariniana, Brooke’s Point

Hon. Quirino F. Tanogan Brgy. Chair, Saraza, Brooke’s Point

Hon. Julito L. Bodesa Brgy. Chair, Tubtub, Brooke’s Point

Hon. Jessie A. Galang Brgy. Chair, Pulot Interior, S. Espanola

Hon. Romy A. Vicencio Brgy. Chair, Labog, S.Espanola

Hon. Fortunata M. Lapangan Brgy. Chair, Punang, S.Espanola

Hon. Flecito G. Eugenio Brgy. Chair, Sowangan, Quezon

Hon. Wilfredo P. De Leo Brgy. Chair, Tagusao, Quezon

Hon. Muksan M. Madayao Brgy. Chair, Calumpang Quezon


81

Name Organization

Hon. Joselito D. Pader Brgy. Chair, Quinlogan, Quezon

Hon. Ephraim P. Miole Brgy. Chair, Malatgao, Quezon

Hon. Daniel T. Mahilum Brgy. Chair, Bunog, Rizal

Hon. Rex G. Maquirang Brgy. Chair, Iraan, Rizal

Hon. Sanie Sotabinto Brgy. Chair, Punta Baja, Rizal

Hon. Sonny John E. Sususco Brgy. Chair, Campong Uloy, Rizal

Hon. Wilfredo N. Taba Brgy. Chair, Ransang, Rizal

Hon. Christopher M. Gado Brgy. Chair, Candawaga, Rizal

Hon. Jhonny C. Ong Brgy. Chair, Culasian, Rizal

Hon. Rodolfo L. Gaspar Brgy. Chair, Panalingaan, Rizal

Panglima Bernas Licos IP Rep., Bataraza

Panglima Quirino Tanogan IP Rep., Brooke’s Point

Panglima Benjamin Tingdan IP Rep., Quezon

Panglima Renzo Castil IP Rep., Rizal

Panglima Fermin Queron IP Rep., S. Espanola

Mr. Romeo B. Trono NGO, Conservation International

Mr. Roger V. Garinga NGO, Institute for the Development of Ecological Alternatives(IDEAS)

Mr. Pepito J. Drilon PO Rep., Rizal (MMPL-West)

Mr. Rodolfo Cabingas PO Rep., MMPL-East

Sis. May Juanitas Religious Sector, MMPL-East

Pastor Eduardo G. Hopson Religious Sector, MMPL-West

Hon. Hestia Legaspi Women’s Rep, MMPL-West

Hon. Conchita Dullano Women’s Rep, MMPL-East

Ms. Gretchen Grace Nobleza Youth Rep., MMPL-West

Mr. Meryll James Roxas Youth Rep., MMPL-East

Hadji Teddy Tarbok (Riz) Private Sector (trading), MMPL-West

Ms. Ellen Ferraris Private Sector, MMPL-East

Ms. Melodia Salimbagat OIC-Director, Palawan State University, Rizal

Mr. Romeo B. Dorado PCSDS Executive Director

Engr. Elmer Perry Department of Agriculture

Department of Agrarian Reform

Engr. Roldan Parangue National Commission on Indigenous Peoples

Sr. Supt. Aurelio Trampe, Jr. Phillipine National Police

Lt. Gen. Hernanie Perez, AFP AFP Western Command

Mr. Jerry Calamba SPPC – Technical Committee Chairman


82

G NGOs in MMPL

Name of NGO Main Office Area of Operation

Development Interventions

Target Beneficiaries

Anthropology Watch, Inc. (AnthroWatch)

46‐C Mahusay St., UP Village, Diliman, Quezon City

Mt. Mantalingahan Corridor (Brooke's Point, Palawan)

Forest Conservation (Building Forest Corridor through Sustainable Ancestral Domain Management Project)

Indigenous Pala'wan in Brgy. Amas

Conservation International (CI) – Philippines

Rm. 207, Pacific Plaza Bldg., Rizal Avenue, Puerto Princesa City

Mt. Mantalingahan Range (Bataraza, Brooke’s Point, Sofronio Espańola, Quezon & Rizal)

Conservation of Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs)

Communities within and in the periphery of Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape (MMPL)

Environmental Legal Assistance Center (ELAC)

271‐E Malvar St., Puerto Princesa City

Brooke's Point (Calasaguen, Maasin, Mambalot, Ipilan, Aribungos and Barong‐barong) & Bataraza (Taratak & Sumbiling)

Watershed Management in Bataraza; Research on Conflict Mapping in Brooke’s Point

Indigenous Peoples and LGU in Bataraza; Mining Impacted Communities in Brooke's Point

Indigenous Peoples Apostolate (IPA)

Taft St., Puerto Princesa City

Quezon (So. Tabod in Panitian) & Espanola (So. Bidang in Panitian)

IP Education Development & Literacy, Numeracy Classes; Health Program (promotion of traditional health practices & direct medical assistance); Community Organizing & Capability Building for Community Strengthening

Pala'wan indigenous communities in Tabod and Bidang

Institute for the Development of Ecological & Educational Alternatives, Inc. (IDEAS)

Sitio Tubtob, Brgy. Tabon (back of PALECO), Quezon, Palawan

Quezon (Aramaywan, Isugod, Maasin, Tabon, Pinaglabanan, Panitian, Sowangan & Tagusao) & Rizal (Bunog & Iraan)

Agricultural Farming, Water (manual water drilling set; biosand filter), Enterprise, Natural Health, MicroFinance (within Alfonso XIII in Quezon), Renewable Energy via Solar Lantern (mostly in Bunog, Punta Baja, Iraan,

Farmers, Indigenous Peoples, Women


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Name of NGO Main Office Area of Operation

Development Interventions

Target Beneficiaries

Candawaga and Ransang in Rizal, & all barangays in Quezon)

Katala Foundation San Jose, Puerto Princesa City

Rizal, Palawan Conservation of Philippine Cockatoo

n.d.

Pilipinas Shell Foundation, Inc.

Puerto Princesa City

Bataraza, and Espanola in Palawan

Health n.d.

World Vision Development Foundation, Inc. (WV)

3rd Flr., Silvertown Sales Bldg., Lacao St., Puerto Princesa City

Bataraza (Inogbong, Marangas, Bono‐bono, Igang‐igang, Ocayan, Tarusan, Sandoval & Iwahig), Brooke’s Point (Mainit, Imulnod, Pangobilian, Poblacion, Saraza, Aribungos & Tubtub) & Quezon (Malatgao, Panitian, Alfonzo XII, Tabon, Pinaglabanan, Maasin & Isugod)

Education (child sponsorship, small infrastructures such as school buildings and daycare centers, non‐formal education for adults), Value Formation, Health, Advocacy (child protection & mining), Leadership Capacity Enhancement, Economic Development/Agriculture ( crops and livestock), SALT Technique in Quezon, Reforestation and Coastal Resource Management in Brooke's Point

Brooke's Point & Quezon: lowland and upland (indigenous peoples) farmers, Visayan fisherfolks; Bataraza: indigenous upland farmers and fisherfolks, lowland farmers and fisherfolks (mostly Muslim &Visayan)


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H POs in MMPL

Name of PO Main Office Area of

Operation Development Interventions

Target Sectors

Bangsa Palawan Philippines, Inc. (BPPI)

Gomez Road, Nazareth Building, Sta. Monica Heights, Puerto Princesa City

Latud, Taburi and Panalingaan in Rizal, Palawan

Education, Livelihood & Ancestral Domain Delineation

Indigenous Communities in Latud, Taburi & Panalingaan in Rizal

Barangay Water Sanitation Associations

Labog, Punang, Pulot Interior in Espanola, Palawan

Management of Water Supply System

Individual Members

Big Brother & Big Sister Program of Brooke’s Point

Ipilan, Brooke’s Point, Palawan

Ipilan, Brooke’s Point, Palawan

n.d. n.d.

Brooke’s Point Ministerial Fellowship, Inc.

Brooke’s Point, Palawan


n.d. n.d.

Brooke’s Point Rural Waterworks and Sanitation Association



Management of Water Supply System

Individual Members

Christian Family Foundation, Inc.

Espanola, Palawan

Espanola, Palawan

n.d. n.d.

Farmers Association of Barangay Ransang

Ransang, Rizal, Palawan

Ransang, Rizal, Palawan

n.d. n.d.

Irrigation Association Rizal, Palawan Rizal, Palawan Management of irrigation system

Individual members

Land of Paradise Community Dev’t.Foundation (LoP)

Mozo Apt., E.Quirino St., Poblacion, Quezon, Palawan

Quezon, Palawan

Education (Child Sponsorship), Health, Spiritual Growth of Families

Rural Poor communities

Malalong Irrigators Association Espanola, Palawan

Espanola, Palawan

n.d. Individual members

Nagkakaisang mga Tribu ng Palawan, Inc. (NATRIPAL)

Macawili Road, Bancao‐Bancao, Puerto Princesa City

Bataraza, Brooke’s Point, Espanola, Quezon, and Rizal in Palawan

Protection of Indigenous Peoples Rights, Ancestral Domain Recognition & Delineation

Indigenous Peoples

Philippine Benevolent n.d. Espanola, n.d. Individual


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Name of PO Main Office Area of

Operation Development Interventions

Target Sectors

Missionary Association Palawan members

Rural Improvement Club Espanola, Palawan

Espanola, Palawan


Samahan ng Kababaihan Espanola, Palawan

Espanola, Palawan


Samahan ng mga Magsasaka sa Mainit at Imulnod, Inc. (SAMMI)

Moreno Subd., Brgy. District II, Brooke’s Pt., Palawan

Mainit & Imulnod in Brooke’s Point, Palawan

Child Sponsorship, Mining Advocacy

Farmers

Samahan ng Ministeryong Pangkaunlaran sa Kaunluran ng Palawan

Bataraza, Palawan Bataraza, Palawan

Child Sponsorship Farmers

SIKAP/Alliance of Good Governance



n.d. n.d.

Sofronio Espanola Market Vendors Association

Espanola, Palawan

Espanola, Palawan

Provision of Credit Individual Members

Sofronio Espanola Public School Teachers Association

Espanola, Palawan

Espanola, Palawan

n.d. Individual Members

Sofronio Espanola Rice Seed Growers Association

Espanola, Palawan

Espanola, Palawan


Triple Venture Fisherfolks Association

Calasaguen, Brooke’s Point, Palawan

Calasaguen, Brooke’s Point, Palawan


United Tribal Ministerial Fellowship, Inc.





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I References and Data Sources

DENR Administrative Order No. 2004‐32, community based program in protected areas

DENR Administrative Order No. 2008‐26, revised implementing guidelines for the National Integrated Protected Areas System Act

DENR . Resource Basic Inventory in Mt. Mantalingahan, 2006

DENR. Protected Area Suitability Assessment Report for Mt. Mantalingahan, 2007

Department of Tourism. South Palawan Area Specific Master Plan, 2007

Conservation International. Social Assessment for the Palawan Corridor, August 2003.

Conservation International. “Socializing the pixel” – an integrated approach to modeling the risk of forest loss in South Palawan.

Conservation International. Policy analysis report for the establishment of a new protected area within Mt. Mantalingahan range, 2003.

Conservation International. Floral and Faunal inventory report in the periphery of Mt. Mantalingahan, 2003.

Conservation International. Rapid assessment of selected floral and faunal groups at the lowland western slopes of Mt. Mantalingahan range, 2004.

Conservation International. Capacity enhancement needs assessment for the South Palawan Planning Council and partners.

Conservation International. MMPL communication strategy, 2006.

Conservation International. Estratehiya sa komunikasyon para sa mga komunidad, 2007.

Conservation International. Building the Governance Structure for Mantalingahan Protected Landscape, 2007.

Conservation International. Socio‐economic profile of the occupants of the proposed Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape, 2007.

Conservation International. Inventory of existing NGOs, Pos and cooperatives in the propsed Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape, 2007.

Conservation International. New species discoveries and rediscoveries in Mt. Mantalingahan Range, 2008.

Conservation International. The Economic Value of Mt. Mantalingahan Range 2008.


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Conservation International. Assessment of Land‐use Options in Mt. Mantalingahan Range, 2008.

Conservation International and Natural Capital Advisors. Business plan for Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape, 2009.

PCSD Resolution 05‐250, adopting the revised guidelines in implementing ECAN, amending PCSD resolution Nos.94‐44 and 99‐144

PCSD Proclamation No. 7, declaring Mt. Mantalingahan in Southern Palawan as special management area within the framework of SEP under RA 7611

Provincial Executive Order No. 10 series of 1998, creating the Mt. Mantalingahan Management Planning Task Force

Provincial Executive Order No. 8 series of 1999, amending sections 2b and 3b.iv of the Executive Order No. 10 s. of 1998

Provincial Executive Order No. 24 series of 2001, creating the South Palawan Planning Council

Republic Act 7611, Strategic Environmental Plan for Palawan Act

Republic Act 7586, National Integrated Protected Areas Systems Act

Republic Act 8371, Indigenous Peoples Rights Act

South Palawan Planning Council, Strategic Management Plan for the South Palawan Planning Area, July 2001

SPPC Resolution No. 4 series of 2006, designating trustee municipality and bank signatories


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J Glossary

The following terms presented herein are found within the Management Plan and are defined using legally‐acceptable definitions. (Note: underlined words within the text are also defined).

Agro‐forestry ‐ a land‐use management system which combines the production of agricultural crops, forest trees and/or livestock simultaneously or sequentially on the same unit of land for the purpose of creating employment opportunities for upland farm labor, producing raw materials for cottage industries, providing food and other products for home consumption and improving ecological conditions in the watersheds. It applies management practices that are compatible with the cultural practices of the local population ‐ (Par. 1, Sec. 30, DAO 94‐ 48)

Alienable and Disposable (A&D) Lands ‐ refer to those lands of the public domain which have been the subject of the present system of classification and declared as not needed for forest purposes ‐ (Sec. 3 [c], PD 705, [Revised Forestry Code] )

Ancestral Domain ‐ refers to all areas generally belonging to ICCs/IPs comprising lands, inland waters, coastal areas, and natural resources therein, held under a claim of ownership, occupied or possessed by ICCs/IPs, by themselves or through their ancestors, communally or individually since time immemorial, continuously to the present except when interrupted by war, force majeure or displacement by force, deceit, stealth or as a consequence of government projects or any other voluntary dealings entered into by government and private individuals/corporations, and which are necessary to ensure their economic, social and cultural welfare. It shall include ancestral lands, forests, pasture, residential, agricultural, and other lands individually owned whether alienable and disposable (lands) or otherwise, hunting grounds, burial grounds, worship areas, bodies of water, mineral and other natural resources, and lands which may no longer be exclusively occupied by ICCs/IPs but from which they traditionally had access to for their subsistence and traditional activities, particularly the home ranges of ICCs/IPs who are still nomadic and/or shifting cultivators ‐ (Sec.3 [a], Chapter II, RA 8371)

Ancestral Lands ‐ refers to land occupied, possessed and utilized by individuals, families and clans who are members of the ICCs/IPs since time immemorial, by themselves or through their predecessors‐in‐interest, under claims of individual or traditional group ownership, continuously, to the present except when interrupted by war, force majeure or displacement by force, deceit, stealth, or as a consequence of government projects and other voluntary dealings entered into by government and private individuals/corporations, including, but not limited to, residential lots, rice terraces or paddies, private forests, swidden farms and tree lots ‐ (Sec. 3 [b], Chapter II, RA 8371)

Biological diversity (Biodiversity) ‐ the variety and variability among living organisms and the ecological complexes in which said organisms occur. It is usually considered at three levels namely: genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity ‐ (Sec. 2 [2.5] Joint DENR‐ DOT Memorandum Circular no. 98‐02)

Certificate of Ancestral Domain Claims (CADC) ‐ A certificate issued by DENR to an indigenous cultural community/indigenous people declaring, identifying and recognizing their claim to a particular traditional territory which they have possessed and occupied, communally or individually, in accordance with their customs and traditions since time immemorial ‐ (Par.6, Sec.4, Art. I, DAO 96‐29)


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Community Based Forest Management Strategy ‐ the national strategy to achieve sustainable forestry and social justice ‐ (Sec. 1, Exec. Order no. 263)

‐ Organized efforts by the DENR to work with communities in and near public forest lands with the intent to protect, rehabilitate, manage, conserve, and utilize the resource ‐ (Par. 10, Sec. 4, Art. I, DAO 96‐29)

Conservation ‐ the action of preservation and protection from loss or from being used up which can be done through the wise use of resources

Ecology ‐ the study of the dynamic relationships of organisms with each other in the environment that they create

Ecosystem ‐ a community of living things that interact with each other

Ecotourism ‐ a low‐impact, environmentally sound and community‐participatory tourism activity in a given natural environment that enhances the conservation of bio‐physical and cultural diversity, promotes environmental understanding and education, and yields socio‐economic benefits to the concerned community ‐ (Sec. 2 [2.1] Joint DENR‐ DOT Memorandum Circular no. 98‐02)

Endangered species ‐ species and subspecies of wildlife whose populations are in danger of extinction and whose survival is unlikely if the causal factors continue operating ‐ (Sec. 1 [1.2], DAO 91‐ 48)

Endemic species ‐ species whose natural occurrence is confined to a certain region.

Environment ‐ the sum of all external conditions and influences that affect the development and, ultimately, the survival of an organism or group of organisms ‐ (Haribon, 1995)

Extinction ‐ the evolutionary termination of a species caused by the failure to reproduce and the death of all remaining members of the species

Exploitation ‐ the abuse, mishandling and excessive utilization of natural resources by humans without concern for sustainability. Exploitation invariably results in environmental degradation

Forest ‐ Either natural vegetation or plantations of forest crops such as trees, or both, occupying a definable, uninterrupted or contiguous area not less than one hectare in size with the tree crowns covering at least ten (10) percent of the area, exclusive of the associated seedlings, saplings, palms, bamboo and other undercover vegetation. A natural forest is a stand constituted by natural succession without human intervention which includes such stand types as dipterocarp, pine, mossy, beach and/or mangrove, and for purposes of these rules are classified according to: 1) primary use and management; and 2) growth formation. As to primary use and management, a forest shall be either a: 1) protection forest; or 2) production forest. As to growth formation, a natural forest is classified according to either 1) primary or old growth forest or 2) a residual or second growth forest which refers to natural forest which has been previously subjected to timber harvesting or extraction ‐ (Par. 21, Sec. 4, DAO 96‐29)


90

Habitat ‐ the specific surroundings within which an organism, species, or community lives. The surroundings include physical factors such as the temperature, moisture and light, as well as biological factors such as the presence of food or predator organisms

Indigenous Cultural Community/ Indigenous People (ICC/ IP) ‐ refers to a group of people or homogenous societies identified by self‐ascription and ascription by others, who have continuously lived as organized community on communally bounded and defined territory, and who have, under claims of ownership since time immemorial, occupied, possessed and utilized such territories, sharing common bonds of language, customs, traditions and other distinctive cultural traits, or who have, through resistance to political, social and cultural inroads of colonization, non‐indigenous religions and cultures, became historically differentiated from the majority of Filipinos. ICCs/IPs shall likewise include peoples who are regarded as indigenous on account of their descent from the populations which inhabited the country, at the time of conquest or colonization, or at the time of inroads of non‐indigenous religions and cultures, or the establishment of present state boundaries, who retain some or all of their own social, economic, cultural and political institutions, but who may have been displaced from their traditional domains or who may have resettled outside their ancestral domains ‐ (Sec. 3 [h], Ch. II, RA 8371)

Indigenous species ‐ organisms that originated or were produced naturally in a specific area

Kaingin ‐ (also known as Slash‐ and‐ Burn/ Swidden Farming) method of agriculture in which trees and natural undergrowth are cut down and burned, leaving the soil bare before cultivation begins

Management Plan ‐ serves as guide in formulating individual plans for each protected area. The management planning strategy shall, at the minimum, promote the adoption and implementation of innovative management techniques including, if necessary, the concept of zoning, buffer zone management for multiple use and protection, habitat conservation and rehabilitation, diversity management, community organizing, socioeconomic and scientific researches, site‐specific policy development, pest management, and fire control. The management planning strategy shall also provide guidelines for the protection of indigenous cultural communities, other tenured migrant communities and sites and for close coordination between and among local agencies of the Government as well as the private sector ‐ (Sec. 9, RA 7586)

Management Zones ‐ system of classifying the different regions of a protected area according to its biological and environmental characteristics and significance, in order to implement suitable administration and management strategies and to provide a clear guideline in determining the permissible acts that can be conducted in the said area

Natural Resources ‐ materials supplied by nature that are necessary or useful for life. Minerals, timber, and water are examples of natural resources

National Integrated Protected Areas Systems (NIPAS) ‐ is the classification and administration of all designated protected areas to maintain essential ecological processes and life‐support systems, to preserve genetic diversity, to ensure sustainable use of resources found therein, and to maintain their natural conditions to the greatest extent possible ‐ (Sec. 4 [a], RA 7586)

Organism ‐ a life form

Primary/ Old‐ Growth/ Virgin Forests ‐ forest largely undisturbed by human activities


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Protected Area ‐ refers to identified portions of land and water set aside by reason of their unique physical and biological significance, managed to enhance biological diversity and protected against destructive human exploitation ‐ (Sec. 4 [b], RA 7586)

Residual/ Second – Growth Forest ‐ forest or stand of trees that has grown up naturally after removal of original stand by logging, fire, harvesting, insect attack or other causes

Species ‐ all the plant or animal individuals that can successfully interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Stakeholder ‐ a person or entity who place importance on the survival of the protected area because of the direct or indirect benefits and advantages (economic, aesthetic, etc) which it provides

Sustainable development ‐ as defined by the World Commission on Environment and Development, means meeting the needs and aspirations of the people without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs ‐ (Par. 43, Sec. 4, DAO 96‐29)

Tenure ‐ guaranteed peaceful possession or use of specific land area and the resources found therein, covered by an agreement, contract or grant which cannot be altered without due process ‐ (Par. 45, Sec. 4, DAO 96‐29)

Tenured Migrants/ Communities ‐ are communities within protected areas which have actually and continuously occupied such areas for five (5) years before the designation of the same as protected areas in accordance with this Act and are solely dependent therein for subsistence ‐ (Sec. 4 [l], RA 7586)

Timber land ‐ refers to that portion of the public domain, characterized by a predominant growth of trees or wood species, including nipa, mangrove and other swamps, which has been delimited, classified and declared as such; the phrase includes all lands of the public domain not otherwise classified as agricultural or alienable, industrial or commercial, residential, resettlement, mineral or grazing land – (Sec. 82 [a], Art XI, PD 389)

Tourism ‐ the activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business, and other purposes ‐ (WTO)

Watershed ‐ a land area drained by a stream or fixed body of water and its tributaries having a common outlet for surface run‐off ‐ (Sec. 3 [m], PD 705, [Revised Forestry Code] )

Wildlife ‐ animals and plants in their natural state; that is, they exist in their native habitat and are left alone by humans in order for them to live according to their biological and inherent ways of life and to survive using their basic skills and instincts

Documents

MMPL Management Plan Feb2010