MMSK

MMSK UNPP

NORTH-WESTERN INTERNATONAL CLEANER PRODUCTION CENTRE

PRESENTS INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

MAGNESIA-MINERAL-SALT COMPOSITION

HIGH PROTECTED UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

EFFECTIVE MATERIAL FOR IMMOBILIZATION OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES

Magnesia-mineral-salt composition (MMSC) is blended on the base of inexpensive and prevailing natural minerals and wastes of metallurgic production.

MMSC's characteristics significantly exceed technical requirements for materials for nuclear wastes immobilisation (state standard GOST R 51883-2002)

MMSC do not require high power inputs as at vitrification process. This parameter is similar to power inputs at concreting process

Technological equipment for MMSC production and use is similar to serial concreting equipment.

MMSC has similar basic consumer characteristics as "Sinrok" material, but the cost price is much lower

MMSC obtains high-strength, poor-porous special surface layer, with beauty non-inferior to mother-of perl

Methods of nuclear wastes immobilisation are protected by patents and certificates:

Invention, diploma # 212 from 02.08.2002 Russian Federation Patent 2211137 from 28.04.2001 Russian Federation Patent 2214011 from 10.10.2001


Main characteristics of Magnesia-mineral-salt composition

17%25%Frost-resistance - is characterized by mechanical strength, reduction of which at multiple freezing and defrosting (from -400C to +4000C) can't exceed 25% at that mechanical strength have not to be below the permissible strength limit at pressure

Not more than 5%25%Resistance to long staying in water - is characterized by mechanical strength, reduction of which for 90 days can't exceed 25% at that mechanical strength have not to be below the permissible strength limit at pressure

5,7%25%Radiation stability - is characterized by mechanical strength, reduction of which at maximal radiation absorbed dose of 106Gy can't exceed 25%, at that mechanical strength have not to be below the permissible strength limit at pressure

10-410-3Leaching, g/cm2 day, not more

3505Mechanical strength at pressure, MPa

MMSCGOST R 51883-2002 requirements

Value

Characteristics


Possible areas of Magnesia-mineral-salt composition application

Nuclear Power Plants Immobilisation of Liquid Nuclear Wastes (LNW) Immobilisation of silt residue from reservoirs of spent nuclear fuel exposure and LNW storage tanks Immobilisation of tritium water Liquidation of leakage in reservoirs of spent nuclear fuel exposure Immobilisation of ash from Solid Nuclear Wastes (SNW) incineration

Combines RADON Immobilisation of LNW Immobilisation of ash from SNW incineration

Enterprises for nuclear fuel processing Immobilisation of LNW Immobilisation of silt residue from reservoirs of spent nuclear fuel exposure and LNW storage tanks Liquidation of leakage in reservoirs of spent nuclear fuel exposure

Nuclear-powered submarinesand nuclear technical service vessels utilization Immobilisation of silt residue from reservoirs of spent nuclear fuel exposure and LNW storage tanks Immobilisation of LNW Conservation of large nuclear and radiation dangerous objects Conservation of reactor blocks with active emergency zones



An idea to allocate an atomic power plant under the ground to reduce the risk of radioactive environmental pollution in case of a reactor accident appeared in the 50-es of the 20th century. A reliable shelter for a nuclear power facility and storages of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste against any anthropogenic

and natural external forces can be ensured by the thickness of the Earth bowels. In that case the hermetization of the underground volume that incorporates them guarantees that any radiation accident will be localized in such a volume.

This is the essence of the UNPP concept that rates above everything the public safety

and the environmental protection.


The competitiveness of UNPP is due to the maximum effective (up to 80 %) utilization of its thermal energy and unique radiation services, as

well as thanks to the practiced technologies of construction, operation and replacement upon expiration of service life.

The ecological advantages of atomic power engineering, characteristic of the rated operating conditions of many hundreds of NPP units, on the one hand, and the production capabilities of shipbuilding technology conversion emerged in the late 80-es, on the other hand, became a prerequisite of effective inculcation of the equipment of atomic vessel machine-building and instrument-making in commercial atomic power plants.


THE FOLLOWING SHIPBUIDING TECHNOLOGIES ARE APPLIED IN UNPP:

• Compactness ensured by the turnkey industrial manufacturing of atomic electric modules, which will allow allocating them under the ground for the period of operation and later withdrawing them for subsequent disposal at a plant.

• Modularity that contributes to unification of the equipment being mass produced and supplied as well as timely repaired in a centralized way at the ship-repair facilities or shipyards.

• Flexibility providing full adaptation of the plant power to any loading schedule of consumer mains.• Approbation of the applied equipment in the fleet that ensures the shortest time possible for equipping UNPP and its attractiveness

for investments.• Shock resistance of equipment that guaranties reliable operation of UNPP in any seismic region.• Universality of technologies that permits allocation of power modules both in the coastal and continental territories.

The plants allocated in mines, adits, and tunnels equally guarantee consumers an uninterruptible power supply and safety.



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soil 50 m reinforced concrete tubing -100 mm

UNPP 2

■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ¤

reinforced concrete 800 mm steel 36 mm

WWR-640

1

GBU-8,GBU-16KPAGM-190TNTeq.> 190kg

GBU-28,GBU-12TNTeq.> 87kg "Bullpap" TNT eq. > 60 kg

М>90tV>100

m/c

М up to 90тV up to 100 m/c

Ammu-nition TNT eq. 50t.

Car with explo-sive TNT eq. 10 t.

High- explosive

Concrete- piercing

"Attack"

"Atlant"

"Cornet" M>20tV>215 m/c

М up to 20tV up to 215 m/c

Material of shelter

Diversions, terrorism

Bombs, missiles with hollow charge

Light jet weapon Aircraft fall Protective barrier of facility

Type

#

NPP comparative protections against destructive effectof modern weapons and in the threat of

¤ - Protected against destructive effect; ■ Unprotected against destructive effect


UNPP comparative protections against natural disasters and technogem'c threats

● Possible impact of the event

●–Landslide20

●–Impact of fragments on NPF during turbine accident19

●●Toxic gassing18

●–Accidents at gas and other explosives pipelines outside plant17

●●Shrinking/swelling of soil during tension leveling16

●–Transport accidents15

●–Lightning14

●–Meteorites13

●–Explosions of industrial and military facilities beyond the plant territory12

●●Seismic activity11

●–Fog10

●–Low winter temperatures9

●●Internal flooding8

●–Low water level in the river or pool7

––Fire beyond the plant territory6

●●Fire at the plant5

●–Extreme wind speed and tornadoes4

●–Snow avalanches, snow drifts3

●–Stormy waves (tsunami)2

●–External flooding, water level elevation, rising tide1

Ground NPP With WWR

UNPP

Accounted threatsSafety effecting phenomenaItem



Social and economic status of UNPP comprises:

• high consumer qualities due to a multi-module structure of UNPP that reliably guaranties uninterruptible production of not just electric power but also marketable heating almost independently of season and transport conditions;

• possibility to install UNPP in the area with any population density due to the fact that the stability of the underground shelter for radiation hazardous elements (reactor facility, storage of SNF and RW) will not be broken under any conditions. UNPPs are invulnerable against any external natural, technogenic and anthropogenic impacts, and any internal accident with radiation hazardous elements will be Localized by a single barrier having strong structure and tight sealing preventing emission of radioactive substances into the environment.

• investments attractiveness of the project that is based upon experience of operating the prototype nuclear facilities, fast manufacturing of the electric power modules at the existing shipyards and their transportability, the industrial methods of sinking and drifting of underground areas that allow to construct and maintain the plant in any region of the planet.

• possibility to maintain the plants with the help of existing ship-repair facilities and shipyards. This makes it unnecessary to build repair-shops directly at the UNPP sites and simplifies decommissioning of UNPP, which will be limited to express substitution of spent electric power modules with the new ones.

The competitiveness of the UNPP commercial parameters based on shipbuilding technologies makes them to be a profitable branch of domestic atomic vessel machine building and instrument making.

When exporting the UNPP equipment the Russian side ensures the following:1. Training of local personnel.Dismantlement of equipment and disposal of spent nuclear fuel at its own plants


The main parameters of standard four-module UNPP of adit type

Easily adaptable to any loading schedule of mains

1 % Nnom/s Reactor facility adaptation in the range 10 -100%

Reactor facilities and SNF storages are sheltered against any technogenic accidents, natural disasters or military (terrorist) actions

over 50 m Rock layer thickness over the tunnel

5 safety barriers, evacuation of population is not required, no limitation for population density in the vicinity of NPP

4 INES scale level Radiation safety of the population living in the immediate vicinity of the plant

4 years Fuel core operating period

Underground premises lifetime is not less than 100 years

30 years Lifetime of electric power module (accounting compensation of peak loads)

Annual production of electric power 2.1 billion kW » h

8760 Hours per year Uninterrupted electric power supply

about 120 people Personnel number

3.5-4 year Period of turnkey construction of a serial plant

Normative coefficients accounted about 1.0 cent/kW · h Prime cost of electric energy

Biotechnological complex accounted about 1000,0 Dollar/kW Construction capital costs

up to 234 (200) MW (Gcal/h) Ultimate thermal capacity

4 modules x 75.0 MW 300MW Rated electric power

Note Amount Units

Parameters


about 1 % of construction expenses - Expenses for decommissioning of UNPP

do not exist - Expenses for construction of a special adjacent settlement

not applied _ Post-project accident warranty expenses

minimal - Area occupied by electric power carriers (rides, supports)

Biotechnological complex is used up to 80 % Disposal of thermal waste

Sanitation and protection zone is combined with a security zone

about 1 Km2 Size of the ground area

Ensured by vending shipyard by units and modules Repair

Processing at a special plant Storage in an isolated state Storage on a special ground

Temporary storage in the underground premises

Disposal in an underground premises

Using technology of marine atomic power plants

- Means of disposal: - spent nuclear fuel -radioactive waste -radioactive structures

No permanent watch in the UNPP underground premises

- - Degree of automation

Shipment to the site of operation or disposal by sea

- - Transportation of electric power modules

Ensured by ship structures 1 Flame resistance VSN 01-67 Fire resistance

Ensured by ship structures not less than 9 MSK-64 scale level, magnitude Shock and seismic resistance of reactor facility

IN COLLABORATION WITH

NORTH-WESTERN INTERNATONAL

CLEANER PRODUCTION CENTRE

FOR FURTHER DETAILS PLEASE CONTACT:

N W I C P C

[email protected]

TEL. / FAX +7 812 3149559PALACE TRUDA, PL. TRUDA 4

OFFICE 112191190 ST. PETERSBURG

RUSSIA

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