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MNAMosby’s Long Term Care Assistant Chapter 40Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders
Cardiovascular Disorders
Hypertension
High B/P
Systolic above 140 or
Diastolic above 90
Usually caused by narrowed blood vessels
Cardiovascular Disorders
Hypertension
Treat with:
Lifestyle changes
Diet changes
Exercise
Low salt intake
Drugs
Reduce Stress
Cardiovascular Disorders
CAD
Coronary Artery Disease
Arteries that supply heart with O2 become narrow or hard
Usually caused by fat build up
Cardiovascular Disorders
CAD
Can lead to heart attack
(Myocardial Infarction)
More common in men
Cardiovascular Disorders
CADTreat with
Lifestyle changes
Diet changes
Exercise
Low salt intake
Drugs
Surgical procedures
Cardiovascular Disorders
AnginaChest pain due to reduced blood flow to part of the heart muscle.
Tightness, pressure, squeezing.
Often relieved by rest or nitroglycerine tablets
Cardiovascular Disorders
Myocardial Infarction
Heart Attack
Treat with:
Drugs
Surgical procedures
Rehab
Cardiovascular Disorders
Heart Failure
CHF – Congested Heart Failure
Weakened heart cannot pump blood normally
Blood backs up
Congestion occurs
Cardiovascular Disorders
Heart FailureRight CHF – blood backs up into venous system.
Feet and ankles swell
Abdomen fills with fluid
Liver fails
Left CHF – blood backs up into lungs.
Difficulty breathing
Bloody sputum
Body does not get enough O2
Poor blood flow to brain
B/P drops
Cardiovascular Disorders
Patient care for CHF –
Promote rest and activity as ordered
I&O
Weigh QD
Restrict fluids as ordered
TED hose
Semi Fowlers position
Respiratory Disorders
COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease:
•Bronchitis
•Emphysema
•Asthma
Interferes with O2 and CO2 exchange in the lungs
Respiratory Disorders
COPD
Obstructs airflow
Leading cause of death
Smoking is the most common risk factor
Respiratory Disorders
COPD
Chronic Bronchitis:
Inflammation of the bronchitis
Cough that becomes productive
O2 and breathing exercises ordered
Respiratory Disorders
COPD
Emphysema:
Alveoli enlarge
Less elastic
Decreases exchange of O2 and CO2
Extreme SOB
Smoking is the most common cause of
emphysema
Respiratory Disorders
COPD
Emphysema:
Must stop smoking
O2, drugs and breathing exercise ordered
Barrel Chest
Respiratory Disorders
COPD
Asthma:
Airway inflamed and narrow
Dyspnea
Wheezing, coughing
Triggered by allergies
Respiratory Disorders
COPD
Asthma:
Sudden attacks can be life threatening
Treated with drugs
Respiratory Disorders
Tuberculosis:
Bacterial infection
Spread thru airborne droplets
Treated with drugs
Isolation precautions
Respiratory Disorders
InfluenzaFlu
Caused by virus
Spreads quickly
Vaccine for prevention
Usual symptoms:
•Fever
•Headache
•Aches and pains
•Fatigue
•Sore throat
May have different symptoms in elderly:
Change in mental status
Body temperature below normal
Fatigue
Decreased appetite, fluid intake
Respiratory Disorders
Pneumonia
Infection of lung tissue
Lungs fill with fluid
Interferes with O2 and CO2 exchange
Treat with fluids and drugs
Pneumonia from
aspiration common in
elderly
