Mobile phones using graphene

Mobile phones using Graphene

Presented by Nehal

Contents• Introduction to Graphene• History• Graphene as a material• Difference between Graphene and

Silicon• Properties of Graphene• Technology using Graphene• Mobile phones and Graphene• Advantages • Disadvantages

What is graphene?• Graphene is a one-atom-

thick planar sheet of carbon atoms that are densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice.

• Graphene is the worlds strongest & thinest metal.

• It is 100 times Stronger than Steel.

Introduction

• 2-dimensional hexagonal lattice of carbon

• sp2 hybridized carbon atoms

• Basis for C-60 (bucky balls), nanotubes, and graphite

• Among strongest bonds in nature

What is graphene?

A. K. Geim & K. S. Novoselov. The rise of graphene. Nature Materials Vol 6 183-191 (March 2007)

• The Nobel Prize in Physics for 2010 was awarded to Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov "for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene".

• Carbon-the basis of all known life on the earth-has surprised the scientific community once again with its exotic properties.

•Researchers have found that a form of carbon called graphene makes experiments possible that give new twist to electronics field.

•This devices are predicted to be substantially faster, thinner & more efficient than current silicon based devices.

History

• Engineering professors at Columbia University tested graphene's strength at an atomic level by indenting a perfect sample of the material with a sharp probe made of diamond.

History

Basic structure• Graphene is the basic structural

element of some carbon allotropes including graphite, charcoal, carbon nanotubes & fullerenes.

• It can be wrapped up into 0D fullerences, rolled into 1D nanotubes or stacked into 3D graphite.

Graphene as a material

Graphene as a material•A fullerene is any molecule composed entirely of carbon, in the form of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid or tube.•The fullerenes C60 and C70 were first identified in carbon vapor produced by laser irradiation of graphite it is join by C-C bonds and make a hexagon shape .


Carbon Nanotubes:-A Carbon Nanotube is a tube made entirely carbon with a diameter of about a nanometer.As shown in the illustration, a carbon nanotube is a rolled tube of carbon atoms in a honeycomb arrangement

• A nanowire is a nanostructure, with the diameter of the order of a nanometer (10−9 meters).

• The nanowires could be used in the near future to link tiny components into extremely small circuits.



• Graphene as a material is completely new –not only the thinnest ever but also the strongest.

• It is the one-atom thick planar sheet of carbon atoms, which makes it the thinnest material ever discovered.

• Carbon atoms in the sheet are densely packed in a two-dimensional(2D) honeycomb crystal lattice.

• The carbon-carbon bond length in graphene is about 0.142nm.


• Graphene is highly conductive-conducting both heat & electricity better than any other material, copper & stronger than diamond.

• It is almost completely transparent, yet so dense that not even helium can pass through it.


Properties of GrapheneResistivity

• The resistivity of the graphene sheet is 10^−6 Ω·cm, less than the resistivity of silver, the lowest resistivity substance known at room temperature.

More Properties• Graphene is the strongest

substance known to man. Its Young's modulus is 0.5 TPa, which differs from bulk graphite.

• These intrinsic properties could lead to the possibility of utilizing Graphene for NEM systems applications such as pressure sensors, and resonators.

Properties of Graphene

Applications:• Membranes with controlled permeability

• Supercapacitors for energy applications.

• Graphene electronics could be useful for communications and imaging technologies that require ultrafast transistors.

Graphene and its Applications

Mobile Phones Using Graphene

•Based on graphene technology , the great mobile companies like Nokia, Samsung & many more companies have decided to make graphene phones. • Samsung and Nokia are going to launch their graphene phones in 2013.


Samsung’s invention•Samsung calls its special graphene Shottky transistors "barristors“. It owns 9 patents on the technology.

•On the recent refinements, published in the prestigious Science journal, researchers at Samsung's Advanced Institute of Technology demoed basic processing.



Nokia is also going to launch its Graphene phones known as Nokia Morph and Nokia 888.

Nokia Morph

• The Nokia Morph is built-in solar absorption might charge a device, whilst batteries become smaller longer lasting and faster to charge.

Nokia Morph

Its integrated sensors might allow us to learn more about the environment around us, empowering us to make better choices in life.

What kind of materials does it have?

• Nanotechnology enables materials and components that are flexible, stretchable, transparent and remarkably strong


In Graphene phones the nanotechnology is used such that the most of those facilities which are provided by a tv or computer are provided by mobile phone.

Nokia 888 - Specifications

Technology : Nano-TechnologyConcept : Design ConceptWeight : Ultra light WeightSize : 5 mm ThicknessBattery : Liquid BatteryDisplay : Flexible Touch Special specs : E-Motions

Functions : Speech Recognize Moves during incoming call Touch sensitive body cover

Extra : GPS Push email receiver PDA Digital wallet

• If you send a Heart shape to your

friend, his phone turns into the Heart shape form

• Or sending a dancing form and it will convert the phone into dancing shape

• In side Image you can see that shapes

Liquid Battery It has Electrods molten metals

and Electrolyte Such as Sodium Sulfide,

Antimony & Magnesium So it can quickly absorb large

amounts of Electricity It can take a power from the

Wind & Sun “Ten times Higher energy” than

ordinary Battery

Advantages Of Graphene Technology

1. Flexibility and Slim• Graphene phones are very easily placed in the pocket•Graphene phones are slimmer as compared to the smart phones.•Graphene phones are thinner like floppy disc.•Graphene phones can be also wore as wristwatches.

Advantages Of Graphene TechnologyToughness

•Graphene phones as cannot be broken down as it is a metal.•Both the graphene (carbon) and the silicon flex with the battery’s charge cycles, but don’t break.•Thus the graphene phones are charged quickly and can remain charge for a longer time

Advantages

-Large memory capacity -Ultra-low power consumption -Compatible with state-of-the-art technology -Strong immunity to short channel effects

Advantages

Graphene transistors are more better than the Carbon Nanotubes as they have no drawbacks like Carbon nanotubes and hence are used in making transistors & logic gates .

Disadvantages

1.Fear of losing phone when kept at outdoors.

• It can be easily carried out by factors such as wind, water etc if carelessly kept outdoors.

Disadvantages

2. The Memory Card cannot be inserted.3. Although graphene can be switched

between different electrical conductivity states, the on/off ratio, isn't very high resulting in loss of energy .

Disadvantages

4. No facility for Headset.5. No facility for Data Cable.6. No facility for bluetooth.7. Danger from the radiation

Future

•In future the mobile technology would be completely dependent on the graphene.•The phones would be connected on the laptop and computer without any device & then the work can be done on the laptop.

Thank

you !!!

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Mobile phones using graphene