Mock-2013-7-SolutionP.pdf

MMoocckk TTeesstt SSeerriieess 22001133 Mock Test 7/15

Civil Services Examination 2013

TTaarrggeett 22001133 www.gktoday.in

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1

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Answer:

Explanation: Henry Louis Vivian Derozio was an Indian poet and

assistant headmaster of Hindu College, Kolkata, a radical

thinker and one of the first Indian educators to

disseminate Western learning and science among the

young men of Bengal. In 1828, Raja Ram Mohan Roy

established the Brahmo Samaj, which kept Hindu ideals

but denied idolatry. This resulted in a backlash within

orthodox Hindu society. It is in the perspective of these

changes that Derozio was appointed at Hindu college,

where he helped released the ideas for social change

already in the air. At 17 years of age,he was considered a

great scholar and a thinker. Within a short period of

time, he drew around him a group of intelligent boys in

college. He constantly encouraged them to think freely,

to question and not to accept anything blindly. His

teachings inspired the development of the spirit of

liberty, equality and freedom. His activities brought

about intellectual revolution in Bengal. It was called the

Young Bengal Movement and his students, also known as

Derozians, were fiery patriots. (From Wikipedia)

Answer:

Explanation: Directive Principles:

Article 51 (Directive Principles of State Policy): The State

shall endeavour to— (a) promote international peace and

security; (b) maintain just and honourable relations

between nations; (c) foster respect for international law

and treaty obligations in the dealings of organized

peoples with one another; and (d) encourage settlement

of international disputes by arbitration

Part XI:

253. Legislation for giving effect to international

agreements.—

Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of

this Chapter, Parliament has power to make any law for

the whole or any part of the territory of India for

implementing any treaty, agreement or convention with

any other country or countries or any decision made at

any international conference, association or other body.

Seventh Schedule:

The International relations as a Union Subject.

Answer:

Explanation: Forest and Tree Cover of the country as per the latest

assessment is 78.29 m ha, which is 23.81% of the

geographical area. Th is includes 2.76% of tree cover.

There is a decrease of 367 km2 in the forest cover in

comparison to 2009 assessment. In hill and tribal districts

of the country, a decrease in forest cover of 548 km2 and

679 km2 respectively has been reported as compared to

the previous assessment. There is a net decline of 549

km2 in forest cover as compared to the previous

assessment. Mangrove cover has increased by 23.34 km

during the same period. The total bamboo bearing area

in the country is estimated to be 13.96 m ha. The total

carbon stock in the country's forests is estimated to be

6663 m tonnes. (State of Forest Report 2011)





2

Answer:

Explanation: Adaptations in Mangroves

Mangroves are salt tolerant plant communities which are

circumtropical in distribution and are found along the

tropical and sub-tropical intertidal regions of the world

between 24° N to 38° S. These areas, on an average,

receive 1,000 mm - 3,000 mm rainfall and have

temperatures ranging between 26°c and 35°c. They

exhibit a number of morphological and physiological

adaptations in order to survive in such a harsh physical

environment on account of lack of oxygen, high salinity

and frequent tidal inundation. These adaptations include

presence of fleshy leaves, breathing roots called as

'pneumatophores', buttress formation, stilt roots,

'vivipary', sunken stomata, and increased concentration

of salt in the cells etc.

Answer:

Explanation: SPS Agreement

The Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and

Phytosanitary Measures - also known as the SPS

Agreement is an international treaty of the World Trade

Organization. It was negotiated during the Uruguay

Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade,

and entered into force with the establishment of the

WTO at the beginning of 1995. Under the SPS agreement,

the WTO sets constraints on member-states' policies

relating to food safety (bacterial contaminants,

pesticides, inspection and labelling) as well as animal and

plant health (phytosanitation) with respect to imported

pests and diseases. The SPS agreement is closely linked to

the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade, which was

signed in the same year and has similar goals.

Answer:

Explanation: The concept of “residence” is central to BoP compilation

as it is a statistical statement showing all economic

transactions between residents of one economy and

those of the rest of the world (non-residents). In

compiling BoP, it is, therefore, necessary to determine

the economic entities which are residents of an economy

and those which are non-residents

Answer:

Answer:

Explanation: Kindly note that the Inland Waterways Authority of India

(IWAI) was created by Indian Government on 27 October

1986 for development and regulation of Inland

Waterways for shipping and navigation. The Authority

primarily undertakes projects for development and

maintenance of Inland Waterway Terminal infrastructure

on National Waterways through grant received from

Ministry of Shipping, Road Transport and Highways. The

head office is at Noida. The National waterways are

created by legislation and currently a legislation is

pending which you can read about at the following link:

http://www.prsindia.org/uploads/media/National%20Wa

terway/National%20Waterway%20(Lakhipur-

Banga%20Stretch)%20bill.pdf





3

Answer:

Explanation: Kindly read the following document:

http://bit.ly/10tdT9V

Answer:

Explanation: The thickness of the ozone layer—that is, the total

amount of ozone in a column overhead—varies by a large

factor worldwide, being in general smaller near the

equator and larger towards the poles. It also varies with

season, being in general thicker during the spring and

thinner during the autumn in the northern hemisphere.

The reasons for this latitude and seasonal dependence

are complicated, involving atmospheric circulation

patterns as well as solar intensity.

Answer:

Explanation: First statement is basic and incorrect. Oceans have a

lower albedo than deserts, this is a correct statement.

The tropical Rainforests have a low Albedo and as such,

more solar radiation is absorbed. A percentage in the

region of 5-15% is estimated as the albedo for tropical

forests. With deforestation, the albedo decreases further

and studies have shown that the temperature of a

deforested area actually increases by 5°F over a year. An

increase in surface temperature will lead to warm air

which will rise, leading to low, cooler pressure areas.

Answer:

Answer:

Explanation: UNESCO Kalinga Prize is given for the popularization of

science. Both India and Brazil have the honour of making

this international distinction five times since its

inception in 1952. Ever since its inception till date, the

Kalinga Prize has been conferred to 65 personalities

(including seven Nobelists) from 24 countries. Just three

countries, viz. UK (10 awardees), USA (8) and France (6)

have won more number of times than India and Brazil.

The list of five Indians in the coveted list includes Jagjit

Singh (1963), Narender K. Sehgal (1991 with Radu Iftimovici

of Romania), Jayant V. Narlikar (1996 with Jirí Grygar of

Czech Republic), Dorairajan Balasubramanian (1997) and

Yash Pal (2009 with Trinh Xuan Thuan of Vietnam).





4Answer:

Explanation: Kindly read about Global System of Trade Preferences

(GSTP) at wikipedia.

Answer:

Explanation: All the statements are correct in this question.

Answer:

Explanation: Baratang contains the only known examples of mud

volcanoes in India. These mud volcanoes have erupted

sporadically, with recent eruptions in 2005 believed to

have been associated with the 2004 Indian Ocean

earthquake. The previous major eruption recorded was

on 18 February 2003. The locals call this mud volcano

jalki.

Answer:

Answer:

Explanation: In India, Nitrogen applications tend to be too high in

relation to the amount of potassium and phosphate used.

This is partly the result of price differentials, and partly

due to lack of knowledge among farmers about

the need for balanced fertilizer use. The consequence is

soil nutrient depletion, which is a major cause of the

stagnation of rice yields. A related serious problem

emerging out of the use of fertilizers is nitrate

contamination of groundwater from heavy nitrogen

applications in rice and wheat crops. Nitrate cannot be

removed once it has entered the underground water

system. Other problems include deficiency of trace

elements because of intensive cultivation. All these

factors have combined together to reduce soil fertility.

Proper crop rotation, judicious combination of organic

and chemical fertilizers and suitable agronomic practices

will be helpful in this regard.

Answer:

Explanation:





5Financial Transaction Plan

It was previously known as Operating Budget of IMF and

refers to the mechanism through which the Fund

finances its lending and repayment operations in the

General Resources Account. Please note that India

participates in Financial Transaction Plan since 2002.

Technical Assistance Special Fund:

Its related to Asian Development Bank and fulfils the

objective of providing technical assistance for the

preparation and execution of development projects and

programs and advisory services.

Financial Stability Board:

FSB has been established to coordinate at the

international level the work of national financial

authorities and international standard setting bodies and

to develop and promote the implementation of effective

regulatory, supervisory and other financial sector

policies. It brings together national authorities

responsible for financial stability in significant

international financial centers, international financial

institutions, sector-specific international groupings of

regulators and supervisors, and committees of central

bank experts. IMF has its representatives in FSB.

Answer:

Explanation: The FSLRC has recommended that the Securities and

Exchange Board of India ( Sebi), the Forward Markets

Commission (FMC), the Insurance Regulatory and

Development Authority ( Irda) and the Pension Fund

Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) should

be merged into a new unified agency UFRA.

Answer:

Answer:

Answer:

Explanation: 1. Genetic engineering when used on micro-organisms

help in the creation of new pharmaceuticals which

cannot be made in any other way.

2. Genetic engineering helps in the process of

bioremediation which is the process of cleaning up

waste and pollution with the help of living

organisms.

3. Genetic engineering has helped lower the overall

usage of herbicide and pesticide.

4. Genetic engineering has helped with the production

of vaccines and other drugs in plants.

5. Genetic engineering has helped produce quicker and

more predictable way of generating new cultivars.

Further, the cultivar properties are better known

today than it was ever known before. Today, genetic

engineering can produce sustainable agriculture.

6. Genetic engineering is meant to make food crops

more resistant to disease, but the mere act of

modification of the naturally selected food crops





6actually disturbs the delicate balance of biodiversity

which exists in nature. The production of GMOs has

negative impacts on the natural ecosystem which are

not apparent now but will be apparent in the future.

For example, genetic changes in a particular plant or

animal might render it harmful to another organism

higher up in the food chain and ultimately this effect

may build up to destroy the entire food chain in

which that plant plays a role.

7. GMOs have been known to retain some of the

genetically modified DNA in the final product made

for human consumption. Such remnants of genetic

material are harmful to human health and can cause

production of previously unknown allergens.

Answer:

Explanation: Algae are primitive eukaryotic organisms that do not

have true stems, roots and leaves. They are primary

producers in aquatic ecosystems and marine organisms.

Most of these are edible and have been consumed in

different forms since ancient times. Most edible

seaweeds are marine algae as most freshwater algae are

toxic. While marine algae are not toxic, some do contain

acids that irritate the digestion canal, while some others

can have a laxative and electrolyte-balancing effect

Answer:

Explanation: Functions of Insulin

Insulin activates the absorption of glucose from the

blood by the cells of the muscle, liver and fat tissues. It

also facilitates the storing of glucose as glycogen in the

liver and muscle. Besides this, it prevents the use of fat

for deriving energy. Insulin is released in the body in two

phases. The first phase involves the rapid release of a

large amount of insulin in response to an increased level

of glucose in the blood produced from the digestion of

food. These high levels of insulin in the body induce the

cells of the liver and muscles to absorb glucose from the

blood. This results in a reduction in the blood glucose

level. With the reduction of blood glucose level, insulin

secretion also decreases. The second phase refers to the

small amount of insulin continuously secreted by the

beta cells, which is not dependent on the level of sugar.

The body needs this small amount of insulin, as the liver

keeps on releasing the stored sugar even when we are

not eating. This ensures a constant supply of energy.

Insulin secreted in these ways enters the blood plasma

and bind with beta globulin (a protein). Globulins are of

two types, alpha and beta globulins, and are concerned

with the circulation of lipids, vitamins and hormones

throughout the body. When the blood plasma comes into

contact with the liver and muscle cells, the insulin

bounded to the beta globulins interact with the receptors

(protein molecules) embedded in plasma membrane or

cytoplasm of the cells. This in turn helps the passage of

glucose into the cells. In the absence of insulin, the

absorption of glucose gets impaired due to which the

body tends to use the stored fats to get energy. But, in

the process the harmful byproducts, ketones are

generated. On the other hand, since the body cannot

absorb and utilize glucose in the absence of insulin, the

blood glucose level increases.

Answer:

Explanation: Article 45 says - The State shall endeavour to provide

early childhood care and education for all children until

they complete the age of six years. The Eighty-sixth





7Constitutional Amendment Act has split the age group 0-

14 years into two clear categories and these separate ages

cover their interests under separate Articles in the

Constitution. Article 21A as a fundamental right for age

group 6-14 years and Article 45 a Directive Principle of

State Policy for age of 0-6 years. Further, the amended

Article 51A also says that "who is a parent or guardian to

provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the

case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen

years.". So only DPSP enshrines these provisions.

Answer:

Explanation: This bill was introduced in 1883 by Viceroy Ripon, who

actually desired to abolish the racial prejudice from the

Indian Penal Code. Ripon had proposed an amendment

for existing laws in the country and to allow Indian

judges and magistrates the jurisdiction to try British

offenders in criminal cases at the District level. It was

never allowed before. The bill was later passed in

severally compromised state and that is why, opened the

eyes of Indians , who could understand that they were

nowhere equal to the Europeans.

Answer:

Explanation: Number of images = (360÷angle) - 1

Here please note:

1. If the mirrors are placed at parallel to each other ,

the images will be infinite in numbers

2. If the mirrors are placed at an angle of 90° with each

other , 3 images will be produced.

3. The more we decrease the angle between the two

mirrors from 90°, the more will be number of images.

4. At 60° the number of images is 5'

5. At 30°, the number of images will be 11.

This concept is the principle of working of the

Kaleidoscopes that operate on multiple reflection,

several mirrors are attached together. The three mirrors

if set at 45° from each other, creates eight duplicate

images of the objects, six at 60°, and four at 90°.

Answer:

Explanation: The first statement is correct. The wavelength of X-Rays

is from 0 Å to 250Å. The Hard X-rays have a wavelength

of less than 10Å while the soft X-Rays have the

wavelength of more than 10Å. The second statement is

incorrect because Both Electric and Magnetic fields don't

affect X-Rays. The Third statement is incorrect because

X-Rays show most properties of light.

Answer:

Explanation:





8NF3 is a greenhouse gas, with a global warming potential

(GWP) 17,200 times greater than that of CO2 when

compared over a 100 year period. It is used in the etching

in making of the LCD thin films.

Answer:

Answer:

Explanation: Kindly note that all states of India don't come under the

RTI act. The second statement is correct. Third statement

is also incorrect because one can ask for more than one

information in a single application.

Answer:

Explanation: The information under the RTI can be sought by an

Indian Citizen only. NRI are also Indian Citizens so they

can seek information. PIO does not confirm citizenship so

we need to eliminate third choice.

Answer:

Explanation: Please note that SC and HC are also covered under RTI

along with subordinate judiciary.

1. Central Chief Information Commissioner under the

Right to Education Act is appointed by President

2. Under the RTI Act, the RTI Request Fee can be paid by

Cash, Cheque, Postal Order or Demand Draft

Answer:

Answer: Only 3 (discrepancy)

Explanation: 1. The first statement is incorrect because data can be

transferred much faster on LAN.

2. Second statement is incorrect because now a days, a

printer can be shared both over LAN and WAN.

3. Third statement is correct.





9

Answer:

Explanation: 1. Both the Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) and the Bluetooth

standards are based on separate protocols and work

on different standards.

2. Wi-Fi has been a favourite for making LANs (Local

Area Networks) at homes and offices. The range of

Wi-Fi is hence quite high, around 300 feet from the

wireless networking node.

3. Bluetooth, on the other hand has a short range of

around 30 feet. As already mentioned,

4. Bluetooth and Wi-Fi work on different standards.

5. Recent Wi-Fi installations are based on 802.11n

standard. Bluetooth devices currently follow the

Bluetooth 4.0 standard.

6. Bluetooth devices do not need any installation or

configuration. The working of Bluetooth devices is

very simple and hence they do not require to be

configured. However, Wi-Fi requires some

configuration.

7. For a Wi-Fi enabled network, we need to install

routers and modems. Wi-Fi is used for the formation

of a wireless LAN (Local Area Network). A large

number of desktop computers and laptop computers

can be connected using Wi-Fi, whereas, you cannot

form a Local Area Network (LAN), in the case of

Bluetooth. Bluetooth allows you to form a PAN

(Personal Area Network). Another difference between

Wi-Fi and Bluetooth is that, the data transfer rate for

Bluetooth is much higher than that of Wi-Fi. Using

Bluetooth, you can transfer data at the rate of 800

kbps, whereas, Wi-Fi is susceptible to data losses and

hence has lower speeds. If you are connected to the

Internet using Wi-Fi, your downloading speed will be

less than what you would get when you are

connected using broadband internet.

Answer:

Answer:

Explanation: What 'Fascism' employs is prioritizing the benefit of the

state above anything else. The State will incorporate all

values relevant to making it the superior power, be it

nationalism or militarism. This means using all the

people within the State, regardless of their race. The

thought that seeds is, 'if you're in this state, then you're

better than anyone outside it and therefore have a right

to rule them'. In a way, Fascism is considered as the more

aggressive form of nationalism. Even so, it is not

considered as brutal or savage as Nazism. While the

militaristic laws of Fascism that were enforced ended a

lot of liberties for most people, they rarely used brute

force to get what they wanted. Literally, Fascism means

'a bundle' in Italian. 'Nazism', on the other hand,

emphasizes on race. More specifically, the Aryan race.

Nazism still was about the state, but they would not

accept anyone from other races to exist with their own.

While pure Fascism would accept people from other

religions as long as they were useful for the state, Nazism

vehemently declined any such steps. They conditioned

the Aryan race as the banner under which they would

unite. The word Nazi is actually an abbreviation of the

word 'Nationalsozialistische' from

'Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei', which

means National Social German Workers' Party in English.

Historically, Nazism was considered very extreme. The





10way they enforced Aryan superiority was cruel and

destructive. Yes, the primary element of control was still

fear, just like regular Fascism. But the degree to which

they went to affirm absolute authority as the Masters

was inexplicable.

Answer:

Explanation: The 'R' after the plus or minus indicates 'recordable',

which means that the disc can be written upon, but only

once. If you have an 'RW' after the plus or minus sign, it

indicates a 'rewritable' disc, which means that the disc

can be rewritten up to 1,000 times. There is no difference

between DVD-R and DVD+R in terms of the storage

capacity they provide. A single layer DVD of both formats

has a capacity of 4.7 GB, and a dual layer DVD has a

storage capacity of 8.5 GB. DVD-R and DVD+R are two

contending technologies which employ different

formats. Each of these formats is formally sanctioned and

backed up by their individual forums. These licensing

forums comprise a particular number of companies. A

company named 'Pioneer' was responsible for the advent

of the DVD-R format which is based on the same

technology as a CD-R. The DVD-R format is backed up by

the 'DVD Forum' which was established by companies

such as Mitsubishi, Sony, Hitachi, and Time Warner. It is

believed that Sony Corporation took the initiative of

developing the DVD+R format. This format is also no

different from the CD-R. The DVD+R format is backed up

by the 'DVD+RW Alliance'. This authorizing entity

comprises member companies which include Sony

Corporation, Yamaha Corporation, Philips, Dell, and some

others. The primary divergence amongst these two

optical data storage discs is the inherent technology

which is normally unobtrusive to the user. DVD-R

employs the Land Pre Pit (LPP) technology for tracking

and controlling the speed, whereas DVD+R utilizes an

advanced ADdress In Pregroove (ADIP) functionality

which makes the operation more precise at higher

speeds. When it comes to the technology in DVD-R and

DVD+R formats, the latter one uses a more robust error

management technology than that employed in the

former. The DVD+R format also employs more precise

session linking methods which contribute to fewer

damaged discs than the DVD-R format.

Answer:

Explanation: Sodium reacts with hydrocarbon compounds with double

bonds to make them saturated (single bonded). This type

of reaction is often referred to as addition reaction. In

this manner, a type of synthetic rubber is formed which

is called buna. It has derived its name from butadiene (a

type of hydrocarbon) and sodium (Na).

Answer:

Answer:

Explanation: The question checks whether you have read the UNCLOS

(United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea) and its

specifications or not. Exclusive Economic Zones refers to

the area from the edge of the territorial sea out to 200





11nautical miles from the baseline. In this area, the country

has sole exploitation rights over all natural resources.

The most important reason to introduce EEZ was to halt

the clashes over the Fishing Rights and Oil Rights. In the

EEZ, the foreign vessels have freedom of navigation and

over flight, subject to the regulation of the coastal states.

Foreign states are allowed to lay submarine pipes and

cables. Thus statement 2 is incorrect. As far as statement

3 is concerned please note that a country can enforce

laws only in 4 areas viz. pollution, taxation, customs, and

immigration of the Contiguous Zone i.e. 24 Nautical miles

from the baseline.

Answer:

Explanation: World Conference on Disaster Reduction is a United

Nations conference bringing together government

officials, non-governmental experts and other specialists

from around the world to discuss the growing trend of

people affected by natural disasters.

The first WCDR conference was held in Kobe, Japan

January 18–22, 2005. The outcome of this conference was

Hyogo Framework for Action. The HFA suggests five

specific priorities for action:

1. Making disaster risk reduction a priority;

2. Improving risk information and early warning;

3. Building a culture of safety and resilience;

4. Reducing the risks in key sectors;

5. Strengthening preparedness for response.

Answer:

Explanation: Directly, Iron and Molybdenum play important role in

BNF. The enzyme used is called nitrogenase. The

nitrogenase enzyme has two kinds of proteins viz. Iron

Protein, and Iron-Molybdenum protein. At the same time,

Mg nutrition treatment has shown to have increased the

number of Rhizobium nodules and their Mg-content,

resulting in increased N2-fixation and yield. Magnesium

also plays an important role in the metabolism of

Azotobacter. Nitrogenase complex needs Mg 2+ ions to be

active (Sylvia et al., 1999), so magnesium requirement for

nitrogen fixation is considerable.

Answer:

Explanation: Under Articles 1 (2) and 10 of the Paris Convention for the

Protection of Industrial Property, geographical

indications are covered as an element of IPRs. They are

also covered under Articles 22 to 24 of the Trade Related

Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)

Agreement, which was part of the Agreements

concluding the Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations. In

India, they are covered under Goods (Registration &

Protection) Act, 1999 which has come into force with

effect from 15th September 2003. However, as per the

Goods (Registration & Protection) Act, 1999, Controller

General of the Patents, Designs and Trade Marks is the

Registrar of Geographical Indications and this

appointment is as per Trade Marks Act 1999.





12

Answer:

Explanation: Please note that NOT all biosphere reserves are in the

UNESCO Framework. As of now only Seven viz. Nilgiri

(2000), Gulf of Mannar (2001), Sunderban (2001), Nanda

Devi(2004), Nokrek (2009), Pachmarhi(2009), Similipal

(2009) are in the UNESCO’s MAB world network limited

economic activity (sand and stone mining) is permitted.

Answer:

Explanation: With increase in severity of skeletal fluorosis, acute pain

is associated with rigidity and restricted movement of

cervical and lumber spine, knee and pelvic joints as well

as shoulder joints. In severe cases of fluorosis, there Is

complete rigidity of the joints resulting in stiff spine

described as "bamboo spine", and immobile knee, pelvic

and shoulder joints. Crippling deformity is associated

with rigidity of joints and includes kyphosis, scoliosis,

and flexion deformity of knee joints, paraplegia and

quadriplegia.

In patients with paralysis, it begins with vague pain in

the back. Symptoms develop due to pressure caused by

osteophytess (bony outgrowth) narrowing of

intervertebral foreman and Increase in size of the

vertebrae or narrowing of the spinal canal, can lead to

paralysis.

Answer:

Explanation: We know that exact timing of the Rabi crop varies with

the latitude and is influenced by the withdrawal of the

monsoon, therefore it can be anywhere from September

to April. So, the first three options hint towards a Kharif

Season. Here are some points:

Early indicators of Droughts…

The following constitute ‘early warning indicators’:

For Kharif (sowing June to August)

1. Delay in onset of South-West Monsoon.

2. Long ‘break’ activity of South-West Monsoon.

3. Insufficient rains during the month of July.

4. Rise in Price of fodder.

5. Absence of rising trend in Reservoir Levels.

6. Drying up of sources of Rural Drinking Water Supply.

7. Declining trend in the progress of sowing over

successive weeks compared to corresponding figures

for “normal years”.

For Rabi (sowing November to January)

1. Deficiency in closing figures for South-West

Monsoon (30th September).

2. Serious depletion in level of Ground Water compared

to figures for normal years’.

3. Fall in the level of Reservoirs compared to figures of

the corresponding period in the ‘normal years’ –

indication of poor recharge following SW Monsoon.

4. Indication of marked soil moisture stress.

5. Rise in price of fodder.

6. Increased deployment of water through tankers

(For Tamil Nadu & Pondicherry the crucial period is

North East Monsoon – October to December)

Answer:

Explanation: The five diseases covered by the Pentavalent Vaccine are

diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B and Hib. The

trivalent DPT vaccine will be gradually replaced by this

pentavalent vaccine.





13

Answer:

Explanation: Oral mucosal transudate draws HIV antibodies out of the

tissues of the cheek and gum. The virus itself is rarely

ever found in oral fluid. Oral mucosal transudate has high

concentrations of IgG; saliva has practically none. Oral

mucosal transudate comes from the tissues of the cheek

and gum; saliva comes from the salivary glands. The

special pad is placed between the lower gum and inner

cheek and left there for two minutes.

Answer:

Explanation: Hoisting and use (including misuse and insult) of the

National Flag is regulated by the Emblems and Names

(Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950; the Prevention of

Insults to National Honour Act, 1971; and Flag Code –

India. But still right to fly an Indian Flag is not a

statutory right. Flag Code-India’ is neither a statute nor a

statutory rule or regulation. It is, in reality, a mere

consolidation of executive instructions issued by the

Government of India from time to time and contains

detailed instruction in regard to the shape, size and

colour of the National Flag, the correct display, instances

of misuse and display on National Days or special

occasions.As far as fundamental rights is concerned,

Delhi High Court had held that the right to fly the

National Flag is a fundamental right within the meaning

of Article 19(1) (a) of the Constitution and reasonable

restrictions can be imposed by law. The High Court also

held that the restrictions imposed by the Flag Code –

India had not been authorised by any law within the

meaning of clause (2) of Article 19 of the Constitution and

could not, therefore, stand in view of the earlier

decisions of the Supreme Court holding that no curbs

could be imposed on the rights of the citizens through

executive instructions. And now we discuss Fundamental

duties. In the case of Union of India v. Yashwant Sharma

it was held that though the Flag Code is not a statute,

restrictions under the Code need to be followed to

preserve the dignity of the National Flag. The right to fly

the National Flag is not an absolute right but a qualified

right and should be read having regard to Article 51A of

the Constitution. Thus statements 2 & 3 are correct

Answer:

Explanation: Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act (PESA)

authorizes the States give the Gram Sabhas power to

regulate and restrict sale/consumption of liquor;

ownership of minor forest produce; power to prevent

alienation of land and restore alienated land; power to

manage village markets, control money lending to STs

and power to manage village markets, control money

lending to STs and Mandatory executive functions to

approve plans of the Village Panchayats, identify

beneficiaries for schemes, issue certificates of utilization

of funds.

Answer:

Explanation: Kindly refer to Article 19(5)





14

Answer:

Explanation: Reverse Mortgage Loan (RML) enables a Senior Citizen

above 60 years age in India. The idea is to avail of

periodical payments/ lump sum amount from a lender

against the mortgage of his/her house. Such a loan allows

the borrower to continue to occupy his house as long as

he lives. Unlike other loans, reverse mortgage need not

be repaid by the borrower. The maximum period of the

loan (over which the payments can be made to the

reverse mortgage borrower) is 20 years. The lender on

the other hand has to value the property periodically at

least once in five years and the quantum of loan may be

revised based on such re-valuation of property at the

discretion of the lender. On the borrower’s death or on

the borrower leaving the house property permanently,

the loan is repaid along with accumulated interest,

through sale of the house property. The borrowers or

their heirs also have the option of prepaying the loan at

any time during the loan tenor or later, without any

prepayment levy. In the usual mortgage, as the regular

mortgage payments are made the outstanding loan

decreases and the house equity increases. Reverse is the

case in reverse mortgage, the loan amount increases with

time and the home equity decreases with time.

Assertion:

Reason:

Answer:

Explanation: The first statement is correct because some sugarcane

varieties are known to be capable of fixing atmospheric

nitrogen in association with a bacterium called

Glucoacetobacter diazotrophicus. But, second statement

is incorrect because, in contrary to legumes and other

nitrogen fixing plants which form root nodules in the soil

in association with bacteria, G. diazotrophicus lives

within the intercellular spaces of the sugarcane's stem.

Please note that if you are given some options such as

Potato, Wheat, Barley and Sugarcane and asked which of

them would requires maximum amount of N, the answer

would be Sugarcane.

Answer:

Explanation: There is around 46-55% Castor Oil in Castor seeds by

weight. It is viscous, pale yellow, non-volatile liquid and

its main component is the ricinoleic acid as main fatty

acid. The high content of this acid make it suitable for

chemical reactions and that is one of the reasons that it is

used in the pharma industry. Castor cake is not edible

because of presence of toxins in Castor Cake such as

ricin, ricinine etc. and they are allergens. There have

been some studies to detoxify the Castor Cake, but

commercially, it has not been used as animal feed so far.

Thus, the first statement is incorrect. It is true that the

oil has biodiesel qualities, but below 50°C, it's viscosity is

so much that it is not as use ful as other sources. The

other problem is the Hygroscopy of this oil, and relatively

higher water content is a problem in uses as biodiesel.

Thus, second statement is also incorrect.





15

Answer:

Answer:

Explanation: When moon is at closest point to Earth during its

revolution around earth it is called Perigee. The high

tides are higher than usual and low tides are lower than

usual at this point. When moon is farthest , it is called

apogee and the high tides are lower than usual and low

tides are higher than usual at this point of time.

Answer:

Explanation: "Swadeshi Samaj" was actually an essay / lecture of

Gurudev, which came out of his frustration over the

Governments decision to split Bengal in two pieces. In

this lecture he had proposed that there should be a self

help based reorganization of Rural Bengal , than the

proposed partition. The idea was not sold to the British,

but in 1905, along with Byomkesh Mustafi, an attempt

was made to bring out a detailed blue print of this

programme which apart from other things such as

promotion of Swadeshi Arts and crafts, Gyms,

Dispensaries etc. the plan was to launch Bangla Medium

schools.

Answer:

Explanation: Bal Gangadhar Tilak never became president of Congress.

"Democracy in India is only a top dressing on an

Indian soil which is essentially undemocratic".

Answer:

Explanation: “Democracy in India,” said Ambedkar, “is only a top

dressing on an Indian soil which is essentially

undemocratic.” Constitutional morality, he added, is to

be cultivated, since Indians have yet to learn it. Decades

after that statement, it would seem that the process of

learning is, at best, still a work in progress or, at worst,

an impossible task. And when the highest court in the

land, meant to uphold and protect the democratic spirit,

censures an academic for his utterances, it only

buttresses that pessimistic outlook.

Answer:

Explanation: 1. The first statement is incorrect because such a bill

can be introduced in any house of the parliament.

2. The second statement is correct because the bill

must have the recommendation of the President.





163. The Third statement is also correct, however the

language is bit ambiguous. The bill is first referred to

the state in question which can express its view

within a time stipulated by the President. However,

if the state does not express its view within that time

period, the parliament has the power to enact such

legislation.

Answer:

Explanation: Bills that are not deemed as Constitution Amendment

Bills

Bills for amendment of the following provisions of the

Constitution are passed by both Houses of Parliament by

a simple majority of members present and voting

1. Admission or establishment of new States, formation

of new States, and alteration of areas, boundaries or

names of existing States (articles 2, 3 and 4)

2. Creation or abolition of Legislative Councils in the

States (article 169);

3. Administration and control of Scheduled Areas and

Scheduled Tribes (para 7 of the Fifth Schedule); and

4. Administration of Tribal Areas in the States of

Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram (para 21 of

the Sixth Schedule).

These Bills are not deemed as Constitution Amendment

Bills under article 368 of the Constitution and, therefore,

these are not called by the title ‘Constitution Amendment

Bills’. Though normal legislative procedure holds good in

respect of these Bills, Bills providing for matters in sub

paras (a) and (b) above, in addition, require respectively

the recommendation of the President for introduction

and the prior adoption of necessary resolution by the

State Legislative Assembly concerned. Such Bills are

presented to the President for his assent under article 111

of the Constitution.

Answer:

Answer:

Explanation: Article 86 (1) of the Constitution provides that the

President may address either House of Parliament or

both Houses assembled together, and for that purpose

require the attendance of members. However, since the

commencement of the Constitution, the President has

not so far addressed either House or both Houses

assembled together under the provision of this article.

Article 87 (1) of the Constitution provides that at the

commencement of the first session after each general

election to the House of the People and at the

commencement of the first session of each year the

President shall address both Houses of Parliament

assembled together and inform Parliament of the causes

of its summons.

Contents of the Address

Being a statement of Policy of the Government, the

Address is drafted by the Government who are

responsible for its contents. It contains a review of the

activities and achievements of the Government during

the previous year and sets out the policies which it

wishes to pursue with regard to important internal and

international problems. It also indicates the main items

of legislative business which are proposed to be brought

during the session to be held in that year.





17

Answer:

Explanation: The West Bengal government’s demand for a three year

moratorium on interest payment of loans has been kept

pending by the central government. The question is

based upon facts around that.

Answer:

Explanation: 1. Gilt funds are mutual funds that predominantly

invest in government securities (G-Secs).

2. G-Secs are securities issued by the Reserve Bank of

India on behalf of the Government of India.

3. Being sovereign paper, they do not expose investors

to credit risk. But it does not mean that there is no

risk at all. Investments in gilt funds are vulnerable to

interest rate risks. When interest rates rise, prices of

government securities fall; this in turn has an

adverse impact on the performance of gilt funds

4. Since the market for G-Secs is largely dominated by

institutional investors, gilt funds offer retail

investors a convenient means to invest in G-Secs.

Answer:

Explanation: This is a bit tricky question. In simple words, creation of

money means expansion of money supply in the system.

Government may ask RBI to issue new money into the

economy and follow the expansionary monetary stance

to create money. Thus options 2 & 3 are correct. The new

money by RBI can be used by other commercial banks in

the saving/ or credit creation. This means there is

expansion of the broad money (cash + demand deposits)

in the economy.

Answer:

Explanation: Primary deficit is the gross deficit which is obtained by

subtracting interest payments from budget deficit of any

country of a particular year. We need to know the value

of primary deficit, while calculating the fiscal deficit.

Alternative Definition of Primary Deficit

Primary deficit corresponds to the net borrowing, which

is required to meet the expenditure excluding the

interest payment.

Primary Deficit = (Fiscal Deficit – Interest Payment)

Answer:

Explanation: In his presidential address at the 51st Sessions of the

Indian National Congress held at Haripura in February

1938, Subhas Chandra Bose spelt out his ideas about

economic planning and industrialisation of Free India,

"The very first thing which our future National

Government will have to do, would be to set up a

Commission for drawing up a comprehensive plan of





18reconstruction." Bose wanted that on the advise of the

National Planning Commission, State would adopt a

comprehensive scheme for gradually socializing our

entire agricultural and industrial system in the spheres

of both production and distribution. He also spoke about

abolition of landlordism and liquidation of agricultural

indebtedness. Subhas Chandra Bose constituted a

Planning Committee under the Chairmanship of

Jawaharlal Nehru for rapid industrialisation of India on

modern lines in consideration of the latter's close

relationship with Mahatma Gandhi, who was not in

favour of Industrialisation Programme

Answer:

Explanation: Apart from Surya, Aditi , Savitri, one more name of the

sun it is necessarily to mention. Vishnu, which in later

Hindu mythology has become a name of the Supreme

Preserver of all beings, was a name of the sun in the

Vedic age. The rising sun, the sun at zenith, and the

setting sun were considered the three steps of Vishnu

striding across limitless space. (R C Datt)

Answer:

Explanation: There was an essential difference between the Hindu

gods of the Vedic age and the Greek gods of the Homeric

age. The Hindu conceptions go nearer to the original

Nature-worship of the primitive Aryans, even as the

Sanskrit language is nearer and closer than the Greek to

the original Aryan tongue. Among the Greeks of the

Homeric age, the gods and goddesses have already

attained a marked individuality ; their history, their

character, their deeds, engage our attention ; their

connection with the powers and manifestations of

Nature almost escapes us. The Hindu gods of the Vedic

age, on the contrary, are obviously still Nature's powers

and manifestations ; they have scarcely any other

character or history. We can more clearly identify Dyu

with the sky than Zeus, and Ahand and Dahand are more

obviously and manifestly the Dawn than Athena and

Daphne. The Hindu conceptions are more ancient, more

archaic, more true to their original sources. The Greek

conceptions are more developed, and have passed farther

from the domain of Nature-worship to that of

Polytheism. (RC Datta)

Answer:

Explanation: The idea of a Universal Soul, of an All-pervading Breath,

is the keystone of the philosophy and thought of the

Upanishads. This idea is somewhat different from

monotheism, as it has been generally understood by

other nations. The monotheism of other nations

recognizes a God and Creator as distinct from the created

beings, but the monotheism of the Upanishads, which has

been the monotheism of the Hindus ever since,

recognizes God as the Universal Being;— all things have

emanated from him, are a part of him, and will resolve

themselves into him.

Answer:

Explanation: In 1787, Warren Hastings was impeached in the

Parliament by Edmund Burke and the Whigs for his





19administrative excess. Burke brought forward 22 charges

against him. The most important of them were related to

the Rohilla War, the Case of Nanda Kumar, the treatment

of Raja Chait Singh of Benares and the pressures on the

Begums of Oudh. After a long trail which lasted till 1795,

Warren Hastings was completely acquitted. He received

pension from the Company and lived till 1818. Nanda

Kumar was an influential official in Bengal. He was

hanged to death by the verdict of the Supreme Court at

Calcutta for a petty offence of forgery. The English law

was applied in this judgement. It was contended that

Warren Hastings and Sir Elija Impey, the judge of the

Supreme Court conspired against Nanda Kumar. Warren

Hastings imposed heavy penalty on the Raja Chait Singh

of Benares for his delay in payment of tribute and

deposed him in an unjust manner.

Answer:

Explanation: The biggest disadvantage is that the mapping is

carried out on a few individual's genome, and is not

representative of all humans. It doesn't answer

questions about where the coding of a gene starts

and ends, nor does it answer questions about

regulation of that gene.

The Advantages of Human Genome Project are:

1. Provide new avenues for advances in medicine and

biotechnology, mainly by offering easy ways to

administer genetic tests that can show

predisposition to a variety of illnesses, including

breast cancer, hemostasis disorders, cystic fibrosis,

liver diseases and many others.

2. Providing reference data for biological scientists.

3. Better understanding of molecular biology

4. Knowledge of the effects of variation of DNA among

individuals can revolutionize the ways to diagnose,

treat and even prevent a number of diseases that

affects the human beings.

5. It provides clues to the understanding of human

evolution.

Answer:

Explanation: Kindly note that the Representation of the People Act

1951 provided that in order to be elected as a member of

Rajya Sabha from a state, the candidate must be

ordinarily a resident of the state. But this qualification

was deleted in 2003. Prior to this, the election of the

Rajya Sabha member was by a secret ballot, but now it

was made open ballot. The act was challenged in the

Supreme Court and Supreme Court upheld the act. The

grounds on which honourable SC upheld the case are as

follows:

1. It is NO part of the federal principle that the

representatives of the state must belong to states.

2. The residence was not a constitutional requirement.

3. Rajya Sabha does not represent the local interests of

the states. Rajya Sabha is a national Institution.

4. Members of Rajya Sabha don't vote at the dictates of

the State concerned.

5. The principle of secrecy is not an absolute principle.

Members sit for six-year terms, with one third of the

members retiring every two years





20

Answer:

Explanation: Idolatry was nowhere among Aryans as well as Dasyus.

The second statement is correct, here is a snippet from

RC Datt. It will be seen from hymns like these that the

natural feeling of hostility between the A'rya or Aryan

conquerors and the Dasyu aborigines was further

embittered by difference in religion and religious rites.

The Aryan believed in the "bright gods" of Nature,

in the sky, the sun, the fire, and the storms ; he sacrificed

to them daily, and wherever he conquered, he carried

with him his worship of Nature's deities and his cherished

sacrificial rites. The dark-skinned Dasyu of the Punjab

believed in no such gods, and performed no sacrifices,

and this impiety and irreligion brought death and

destruction on him, according to the belief of the

sacrificing Hindu. Again and again the Hindu appealed to

his martial deity, and confidently invoked his aid against

men who were without faith and without rites.

Answer:

Explanation: Aplastic anaemia is a condition where bone marrow does

not produce sufficient new cells to replenish blood cells.

The condition, per its name, involves both aplasia and

anaemia. Typically, anaemia refers to low red blood cell

counts, but aplastic anaemia patients have lower counts

of all three blood cell types: red blood cells, white blood

cells, and platelets, termed pancytopenia. Sickle-cell

disease (SCD), or sickle-cell anaemia (or anaemia, SCA) or

drepanocytosis, is an autosomal recessive genetic blood

disorder with overdominance, characterized by red blood

cells that assume an abnormal, rigid, sickle shape.

Sickling decreases the cells' flexibility and results in a

risk of various complications. The sickling occurs because

of a mutation in the haemoglobin gene.

Answer:

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation: The second statement is not correct. India’s total fertility

rate (TFR) — the average number of children expected to

be born per woman during her reproductive years — has

fallen by19% over the past decade. Among bigger states,

the percentage decline in TFR during this period the last

decade varied from as high as 28% in Punjab to 5.6%in

Kerala. Maharashtra saw the second highest dip in TFR

between 2000-2010 at 26.9%, followed by Haryana and

Andhra Pradesh (25%), Uttar Pradesh (23%), Rajasthan

(22%), Himachal Pradesh and West Bengal (21%).

The TFR is a synthetic rate, not based on the fertility of

any real group of women since this would involve

waiting until they had completed childbearing. Nor is it

based on counting up the total number of children





21actually born over their lifetime. Instead, the TFR is

based on the age-specific fertility rates of women in their

"child-bearing years," which in conventional

international statistical usage is ages 15–44 or 15-49. The

TFR is, therefore, a measure of the fertility of an

imaginary woman who passes through her reproductive

life subject to all the age-specific fertility rates for ages

15–49 that were recorded for a given population in a

given year. The TFR represents the average number of

children a woman would have were she to fast-forward

through all her childbearing years in a single year, under

all the age-specific fertility rates for that year. In other

words, this rate is the number of children a woman would

have if she was subject to prevailing fertility rates at all

ages from a single given year, and survives throughout

all her childbearing years.

The third statement is also correct. According to the

National Population Policy 2000, India should have

reached there placement-level fertility rate of 2.1 by 2010,

and ought to attain population stabilization at 145 crore

by 2045. Population stabilization is when the size of the

population remains unchanged. It is also called the stage

of zeropopulation growth. However, India now expects to

reach the population stabilization TFR of 2.1 at 165 crore

by 2060.

Answer:

Answer:

Explanation: The second statement is not correct. In 2011-12, the

productivity of Bt cotton is 485 kg lint per ha; it was 560

kg lint per ha in 2007.

Answer:

Explanation: 1. The committee found that indigenous Bikaneri

Nerma (BN) Bt cotton variety was contaminated by a

gene patented by Monsanto.

2. The committee found lapse in the “BNLA106 event”,

and said that the material contained Monsanto’s

“MON531 event” (contamination)

Answer:

Explanation: An increase in wages pushes up input costs for industry,

and also the demand for products and services by

increasing disposable incomes. As a result, prices rise.

This, in turn, triggers demand for further increase in

wages. This cycle of higher wages, higher prices is

referred to as wage-price spiral. The cycle is one possible

result of inflation. It can start either due to high

aggregate demand combined with near full employment

or due to supply shocks, such as an oil price hike.





22

Answer:

Explanation: East India Company’s rule came to an end and the Indian

administration came under the direct control of the

Crown. In England, the Court of Directors and Board of

Control were abolished. In their place came the Secretary

of State for India and India Council were established. The

Secretary of State would be a member of the British

cabinet. Sir Charles Wood was made the first Secretary of

State for India. India Council consisting of 15 members

would assist him. The Governor General of India was also

made the Viceroy of India. The first Viceroy of India was

Lord Canning. All the previous treaties were accepted

and honoured by the Act.

Answer:

Explanation: There were no unhealthy restrictions upon Hindu women

in those days, no rules to keep them secluded or debarred

from their legitimate place in society. A girl generally

selected her own husband, but her parents'

wishes were for the most part respected. We have

frequent allusions to careful and industrious wives who

superintended the arrangements of the house, and, like

the dawn, roused every one in the morning and sent him

to his work. Girls who remained unmarried obtained a

share in the paternal property. Widows could re-marry

after the death of their husbands. (RC Datt)

Answer:

Explanation: Burial was probably the first form of funeral ceremony

among ancient Hindus ; but this was soon followed by

cremation, and the ashes were then buried in the earth. It

is remarkable that there is no mention of a hell and its

tortures in the Rig Veda.

Answer:

Explanation: Both NFC and Bluetooth are short-range high frequency

wireless technologies but Bluetooth allows interaction

between communication devices as much as 10 meters

apart.

Answer:





23Explanation: 1. The orbit of the Moon is distinctly elliptical with an

average eccentricity of 0.0549.

2. The non-circular form of the lunar orbit causes

variations in the Moon's angular speed and apparent

size as it moves towards and away from an observer

on Earth.

3. The Moon's orbit is indeed getting larger, at a rate of

about 3.8 centimetres per year. (The Moon's orbit has

a radius of 384,000 km.)

Answer:

Explanation: 1. The first statement is incorrect because its an

instrument of legislative control.

2. The second statement is incorrect because the

committee makes sure that the government fulfils

the promises made in the house itself.

Answer:

Explanation: Though, both these reptiles belong to same order

Crocodilia, alligators are classified under Alligatoridae

family, whereas crocodiles are members of the

Crocodylidae family. In regards to the habitat

comparison of alligators and crocodiles, both spend their

life in and near water bodies and lay their eggs on land.

But the difference is alligators prefer a freshwater

habitat, while crocodiles prefer to live in brackish water

or saltwater. Alligators have a broader 'U' shaped snout,

whereas the snout shape of crocodiles is narrow and form

a V towards the end.The tooth placement is also a

distinguishing feature to demarcate alligators and

crocodiles. The jaw placement of an alligator is such that

the upper jaw is wider and covers the lower jaw

completely. In case of a crocodile, the width of the upper

and lower jaw are the same, hence, the teeth in the lower

jaw become apparent after the mouth is closed.Dermal

Pressure Receptors (DPRs) are small, black, sensory pits

that help in detecting changes in the water pressure.

Both in alligators and crocodiles, DPRs serve as an

important organ for locating their prey. In alligators,

DPRs are present only around the jaw, whereas in

crocodiles, these sensory organs are present in nearly

every scale of the body. Both alligators and crocodiles

have structurally modified salivary glands (salt glands) in

the tongue. The crocodiles use these salt glands for

excreting excess salt from the body, whereas in

alligators, these salt glands are non functional. This is the

reason as to why, a crocodile can tolerate saline water,

whereas an alligator cannot.

Answer:

Explanation: SDSL (Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line) and ADSL. The

difference comes when we use the word ADSL, which

means that data is sent and received at different speeds.

It means that your modem sends data to your service

provider at one speed and the downstream data, the data

that you receive from the service provider is at a

different speed. Hence, the word asymmetric has its

significance in ADSL. The service in general is tiered,

hence you pay different rates for different speeds.





24So basically, there is no real difference between DSL and

ADSL, one is a type of the other. Most of the time when

we use the word DSL, we generally refer to ADSL

modems, but in certain cases, it can refer to SDSL

modems. The difference between the two is that an ADSL

modem can send and receive data at different speeds

while a SDSL modem can send and receive data using one

speed only.

The second statement is not correct.

Answer:

Answer:

Explanation: 1. Washing Soda Na2CO3, Baking Soda NaHCO3, so

first statement is correct

2. Primarily, washing soda is a stronger base than

baking soda and it has been found that in several

cases it is even caustic. That's why baker's don't

prefer washing soda for baking, instead their normal

choice is baking soda. The pH level of washing soda is

11 which is much more inclined towards the alkaline

side of pH scale. It is to be noted that a pH level of 7

is considered neutral and any pH level above 7 is

regarded as basic. A pH level below 7 highlights the

acidic nature of the substance. So second statement

is correct.

3. However, while baking soda easily dissolves in water,

sometimes even before its molecules are able to

remove the stains, the same is not at all true for

washing soda. The high alkalinity of washing soda

makes it an ideal stain remover for tough fabrics and

clothes. Any soft fabric or clothes coming in direct

contact with washing soda may cause it to cause

some harm to the clothes, like discoloration, etc.

Third statement is incorrect

Answer:

Explanation: Chemical fertilizers kill the micro-organisms in the soil. It

is one of the advantages of organic fertilizers that they

boost microbial activity in the soil. These microbes help

in degenerating the complex compounds present in the

organic fertilizers. Overuse of fertilizers is often a

problem as excess nutrients are neither good for the

overall composition of soil nor are they good for the

plant. Organic fertilizers would also have a problem of

overuse, but it is a slow nutrient releasing material, so

the nutrients will anyway take some time to get

absorbed. The statement mentioned in the question

stands incorrect. Organic fertilizers may take more time

to release the nutrients as they need some microbial

activity to get them working. Chemical fertilizers get

cracking instantly and release the essential nutrients

into the soil. So statement 3 also stands incorrect.





25

Answer:

Answer:

Explanation: RFID tags are very simple to install/inject inside the body

of animals, thus helping to keep a track on them. This is

useful in animal husbandry and on poultry farms. The

installed RFID tags give information about the age,

vaccinations and health of the animals. So statement 1 is

correct. Statement 2 & 3 are incorrect. It is difficult for an

RFID reader to read the information in case of RFID tags

installed in liquids and metal products. The problem is

that the liquid and metal surfaces tend to reflect the

radio waves, which makes the tags unreadable. The tags

have to be placed in various alignments and angles for

taking proper reading. This is a tedious task when the

work involves big firms. Interference has been observed

if devices such as forklifts and walkie-talkies are in the

vicinity of the distribution centers. The presence of

mobile phone towers has been found to interfere with

RFID radio waves. Wal-Mart, the retail sector giant, has

installed billions of RFID tags in their products

throughout the world and they have encountered such

problems.

Answer:

Explanation: The initial cost is very high. Means the installing costs

can get costly, usually due to the high-cost

semiconductor materials, which are used to build a solar

energy system. Solar electricity is presently costlier than

the electricity given by other sources. Naturally as

energy shortages are becoming common day-by-day,

solar energy is thus becoming more price-competitive.

Kindly also note that a Considerable amount of energy is

lost when DC (direct current) has to be converted to AC

(alternating current). The solar cells can only produce DC,

thus the conversion by help of Grid-Tie Inverters incurs a

loss of about 4-12%.

Answer:

Explanation: Expropriation is motivated and forceful confiscation and

redistribution of private property, where government

can take control of a firm's property and assets, if it feels

that the enterprise is a threat to national security

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