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Modeling and Simulation ofa DG-Integrated Intelligent Microgrid
Lead PIs: Saifur Rahman ([email protected]) and Manisa Pipattanasomporn ([email protected])Student: Shengnan Shao ([email protected])Institute: Virginia Tech – Advanced Research Institute, Arlington, VA 22203
esearch Objective:esearch Objective: The objective of the proposed work is to model and simulate a specialized microgridcalled an Intelligent Distributed Autonomous Power Systems (IDAPS), which will play a crucial role in building ascalable power grid that facilitates the use of renewable energy technologies.
RR
BB ackgroundackground::
The electric power system is an enabling infrastructurethat supports the continuous operation of variousmission critical facilities, both at the component andthe systems levels. For example, a reliable, efficient andsecure power system is necessary for the operation ofcritical buildings in a base or the whole base itself. Thisis also applicable for deployed force in forward bases,which have to be put into service quickly and reliably.At present, there is a need to design a distributed andautonomous subset of a larger grid or a microgrid toincrease the security and reliability of electricity supplyin such facilities. This microgrid must be capable ofintelligently controlling and networking a variety oflocal distributed energy resources (DERs) that includerenewable energy technologies to reduce the use offossil fuels.
IIntelligent ntelligent DDistributedistributed
AAutonomous utonomous PPower ower SSystemsystems
Aims at:Intelligently controlling and coordinating internalloads and various supply alternatives to achieve
any mission-based environmental, operationaland economic performance criteria
Normal Operating
Upstream Outage
• Is complementary to the main grid• Optimize the operation of internal generation and loads• Perform demand management
• Island from the grid and operate autonomously• Perform adaptive load shedding to secure critical loads
The technical approach for modeling and simulation of anIDAPS microgrid consists of the following five steps:
Task 1: the development of IDAPS physical components inMatlab/Simulink – which include a distribution network, DERsand loads;
Task 2: the development of local control algorithms tocontrol each DER and loads in an IDAPS microgrid;
Task 3: the development of an IDAPS energy managementsystem based on multi-agent technologies that follow theIEEE standard on Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents(FIPA);
Task 4: the demonstration of how a connection between theIDAPS physical components and the IDAPS decision supportsystem can be established using addressable IP-basedcommunication interfaces;
Task 5: the simulation and evaluation of the IDAPSmicrogrid in both parallel and islanded operations to ensurethat the IEEE 1547 standard for interconnecting distributedresources with electric power systems are followed.
rocessrocess & Technologies & TechnologiesPP
A distributed and autonomous subset of thelarger grid that can increase the security of
energy supply.
Cyber layer
Physical LayerIDAPS Building Blocks comprise both physical and
cyber layers.
ER technologies ER technologiesSolar cells
Wind turbines
Fuel cells
Electric vehicles
Diesel gensets
Microturbines
Storage devices
DDDER = Distributed Energy Resources
Modeling and Simulation ofa DG-Integrated Intelligent Microgrid
Lead PIs: Saifur Rahman ([email protected]) and Manisa Pipattanasomporn ([email protected])Student: Shengnan Shao ([email protected])Institute: Virginia Tech – Advanced Research Institute, Arlington, VA 22203
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 240
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Time(hour)
Load Demand(kWh)
Summer Load Curve for One Distribution Feeder with Seven Houses
SpaceCoolingWaterHeatingCookingClothesDryingRefrigerationFreezingLightingOther
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 240
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Time(hour)
Load Demand(kWh)
Winter Load Curve for One Distribution Feeder with Seven Houses
SpaceHeatingWaterHeatingCookingClothesDryingRefrigerationFreezingLightingOther
From EPRI-RELOAD Database
Load Model Load Model
Household load Types: spaceheating, space cooling, waterheating, cooking, cloth drying,refrigeration, lighting and others.
Winter Peak: January
Summer Peak: August
Distributed Energy Resource ModelDistributed Energy Resource Model
Solar PV Module: Wind turbine:
Microturbine: Battery & Electric Vehicle:
Internal Combustion Engine:Fuel cells:
Distribution Network ModelingDistribution Network Modeling
Step-uptransformer
Generation
<30kV
Transmission
230, 345,500kV
Switchyard
Transformer Information:
Single phase or three-phase distributiontransformer: 12.47kV/240V, 25-100kVAData source: VTES (Virginia Tech Electric Service)
69, 115kV
Distribution
12.47kV
Distribution Substation
Customers utilization voltage120V, 208V, 240V, 277V, 480V
Distributiontransformer
Droop ControlDroop Control
Voltage
Reactive Power
Voltage
V0
VユVΔ
1QΔ 2QΔ
m1 m2
Q1 Q’1 Q2 Q’2 Reactive Power
Frequency
Active Power
Frequency
Active Power
f0
f1fΔ
1PΔ 2PΔ
k1 k2
P1 P’1 P2 P’2
• Operate in islanding Mode
• Use as a back up for Agent Control
• Distribute load according to DG size
• Maintain system’s voltage and frequency
f-P DroopV-Q Droop
Δf=-k1ΔP1=-k2ΔP2 ΔV=-m1ΔQ1=-m2ΔQ2
Modeling and Simulation ofa DG-Integrated Intelligent Microgrid
Lead PIs: Saifur Rahman ([email protected]) and Manisa Pipattanasomporn ([email protected])Student: Shengnan Shao ([email protected])Institute: Virginia Tech – Advanced Research Institute, Arlington, VA 22203
esearch esearch Tasks and TimelineTasks and TimelineRR
FY08, Q2
Start6/11/08
FY08, Q3 FY08, Q4 FY09, Q1 FY09, Q2 FY09, Q3
Today12/04/08
End09/09/09
Task 1: Build IDAPS physical componentsTask 2: Develop local control algorithmsTask 3: Develop an IDAPS agent-based energy management systemTask 4: Establish addressable IP-based communication interfacesTask 5: Simulate the IDAPS microgrid and validate the results
Droop Control: Simulation ResultsDroop Control: Simulation Results
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.30
10
20
30
40
50Active Load
Time(sec)
P
L
o
a
d
(
k
W
)
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.30
1
2
3
4
5Reactive Load
Time(sec)
Q
L
o
a
d
(
k
V
a
r
)
Agent-Technology and TCP/IP ConnectionAgent-Technology and TCP/IP Connection
Database AgentStoring system information, recording
the messages and data, serving as a data access point for other agents
Control AgentMonitoring system voltage and frequency,
receiving electricity price signal from the main gridpublishing information to the rest of IDAPS entities
DER AgentStoring DERinformation,monitoring
andcontrollingDER power
levels and itsON/OFFstatus
User AgentActing as a
usergateway,providingusers withreal-time
informationof entitiesresiding inthe IDAPS
system
The implementation of an IDAPS microgrid in a missioncritical facility optimizes the operation of internalgeneration and loads during normal conditions andincreases the security of energy supply to critical loadsby shedding non-critical loads during emergencies. TheIDAPS control agents have an embedded intelligencethat works in collaboration with local controllers tocoordinate both DERs and loads to achieve anymission-based environmental, operational andeconomic performance criteria. The proposed approachonce validated is believed to help remove certainbarriers in the interconnection and control of DER unitsin a microgrid environment. As a result, the IDAPSmodel will help facilitate the use of cleaner, greenerand more efficient distributed energy resources,including renewable energy technologies,microturbines, fuel cells, storage devices and plug-inhybrid electric vehicles.
enefitsenefitsBB
SimulationSetup