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1
Modeling of Grid-Connected Di-rect-Driven 2MW PMSG Wind
Turbine Generator System
Presented by YU, DONGYOUNGCHOI, YOUNGSICK
2
CONTENTS• Modeling of Generator System
– Wind Turbine– MPPT– PMSG – FUZZY Controller– FUZZY Observer– SV-PWM
• Simulation Results
• Modeling of Grid-Side System– Super Capacitor– SV-PWM– PLL– Filter
• Simulation Results
3
Total System• Wind Turbine Generation System (with
Grid)
PMSGωd
Vg
Vd
c
Vgrid
Igrid
Wind Tur-bine
TorqueCon-
trollerBack-to-Back
Converter Controller
P, QCon-
troller
Vw : Wind speed Tw : Mech torqueωd : Design speed
ωe : Generator speed
Te : Generator torque
Vg : Generator voltageIg : Generator cur-rent
Vdc : DC-link volt-age Vgrid : Grid voltage
Igrid : Grid current
GridDC
AC DC
AC
TorqueCon-
trollerTower Con-
trol Unit
PitchCon-
troller
Y
-Y Trans.
Ig
Generator Parts
Grid-Side Parts
Tw_g
Te
4
Modeling of Generator SystemPMSG
Tw_g
Te
VgVd
c
Wind Tur-bine
VW
DC
AC
Ig
Ian ,Ibn ,Icn
je3Ø
2Ø
S1 ~ S6
ωe
SVPWMVqs
Vds
Vα
Vβ
Iqs , Ids
je
θ
θ
ωe
h(ωe)
FUZZYOb-
server
FUZZYCon-
troller
h1, h2
h1, h2
ωd
LT̂
MPPT
Pe (Te * ωg) dt
d
To Grid
Vqs
,Vds
Iqs , Ids
ωe
5
Modeling of Generator System
Grid Side Model Parts
6
Modeling of Generator System• Parameters of Wind Turbine & PMSG
Parameters Unit
Air density [Rho] 1.205 [kg/m3]
Radius of wind turbine rotor [Rd]
38 [m]
Cut-in wind Speed 4 [m/s]
Cut-off wind speed 25 [m/s]
Rated wind speed 11.8 [m/s]
Gear ratio 1
Parameters for Wind Turbine
*refer to the Dynamic Modelling, Simulation and Analysis of an Offshore Variable-Speed Directly-Driven Permanent-Magnet Wind Energy Conver-sion and Storage System (WECSS) - Nicholas P. W. Strachan and Dragan Jovcic,
7
Modeling of Generator System• Parameters of Wind Turbine & PMSG
Parameters Unit
Number of poles [p] 22
Pole pairs [np] 11
Resistance of motor [Rs] 0.08 [Ohm]
Inductance of Generator [Ld =Lq]
0.334 [mH]
Inertia [J] 2.5e6 [kg.m2]
Equivalent Viscous Friction Coefficient [B] 0.001
Magnetic Flux (Electrical) [Lambdam] 136 [Wb]
Parameters for PMSG
8
Modeling of Generator System
Parameters for PMSG
Parameters Values Units
Rated Turbine Power 2 [MW]
Rated RPM of Turbine 42 [RPM]
Air Density [ρ] 1.205 [kg/m3]
Radius of Wind Turbine Rotor (Rt) 38 [m]
Cut-in Wind Speed 4 [m/s]
Cut-off Wind Speed 25 [m/s]
Rated Wind Speed (Vw) 11.8 [m/s]
Gear Ratio (ng) 1:1 -
Number of Poles [p] 22 -
Pole Pairs [np] 11 -
Resistance of Generator [Rs] 0.08 [Ω]
Inductance of Generator [Ls = Lds = Lqs] 0.334 [H]
Equivalent Inertia [J] 2.5e6 [kg·m2]
Equivalent Viscous Friction Coefficient [B] 0.001 [N·m·sec/rad]
Magnetic Flux (Electrical) [λm] 136 [V·sec/rad]
Rated Source-link Voltage [Vdc] 9200 [V]
Source-link Capacitance [Cdc] 3300 [uF]
Grid-Side Converter Output Voltage (Vac) 4000 [V]
LC Filter
Inductance [Lf] 0.55 [mH]
Capacitance [Cf] 727 [uF]
Cut-Off Frequency [fc] 250 [Hz]
Transformer Output Voltage (Vac) 22.9 [kV]
Transformer Ratio 5.7 N1:N2
Connection Type △-Y
9
Modeling of Generator System• Wind Turbine Model Block
Grid Side Model Parts
10
Modeling of Generator System• Wind Turbine Model Block
),Cp(VR0.5P 3w
2W βλπ
Cp is utilization for Wind Power (0<Cp<1)
wdm /VRωλ
11
• Cp Calulation Model Block
Modeling of Generator System
12
• Cp Calulation Model Block
Modeling of Generator System
In MPPT Tracking Area(Vw < 11.8 m/s),Cp should be al-ways maximum value, that is 0.4412.
13
• Pitch Angle Controller
Modeling of Generator System
14
Modeling of Generator System
Wind Speed (m/s)
5 10 15 20 25
2.1MW1.0
0.5
0
Nogeneration
Nogeneration
Acti
ve P
ow
er
(P.U
)
Cut-in wind speed
Cut-off wind speed
Rated (Nominal) wind speed
MPPT Tracking Area
Constant Power Area
Cp
0.4412
Pitch Angle
15
• MPPT Model Block
Modeling of Generator System
Grid Side Model Parts
Modeling of Generator System• MPPT Model Block
3
optp
Genoptr K
Pω
MPPT equation
ωr opt : Optimum rotor speed [m/
s]Pgen : measured generated power [W]Kp opt : MPPT gain [W/(m/s}]
For keeping about 2MW stable power
MPPT_late : 10
17
Modeling of Generator System• Kp_opt Gain of each Condition (1)
Wind Speed (m/s)
5 10 15 20 25
2.1MW1.0
0.5
0
Nogeneration
Nogeneration
Acti
ve P
ow
er
(P.U
)
Cut-in wind speed
Cut-off wind speed
Rated (Nominal) wind speed
MPPT Tracking Zone
Constant Power Zone
ω*
2.01e5
Kp_opt
23.99 rad/sec
Tw_g
18
Modeling of Generator System• Kp_opt Gain of each Condition (2)
Wind Speed (m/s)
5 10 15 20 25
2.1MW1.0
0.5
0
Nogeneration
Nogeneration
Acti
ve P
ow
er
(P.U
)
Cut-in wind speed
Cut-off wind speed
Rated (Nominal) wind speed
MPPT Tracking Zone
Constant Power Zone
ω*
2.01e5
1.55e5Kp_opt
23.99 rad/sec
Tw_g
19
Grid Side Model Parts
Modeling of Generator System• PMSM Model Block
20
Modeling of Generator System• Quadratic Mode by equation & sign of
Torque Torque
Eq.
Genera-tor
ModeMotorMode
PMSM eq.
PMSG eq.
SimPowerSys-tem PMSG
Module
Tmech
TloadTe
Te
Tload
Te Tmech
Te
0
PositiveTorque
Nega-tive
Torque
In Negative Torque Con-dition,
PMSM equation is oper-ate
By Generator Mode.
Te : Electrical Torque Tload : Load Torque
Tmech : Mechanical Torque
21
Modeling of Generator System• PMSM eq. & PMSG eq.
PMSM LOAD
ωe
Te Tm
PMSM LOAD
ωe
Te Tm
mmmem TBT
dtd
ωω
meqsm2
e T*)(1/J)2p
((B/J)i/J)2p
)(23
(
ωλω
mmmem TBT
dtd
ωω
meqsm2
e T*)(1/J)2p
((B/J)i/J)2p
)(23
(
ωλω
: PMSM eq
: PMSG eq
22
Modeling of Generator System• PMSM eq. & PMSG eq.
Rs
Lq
Vqs
iqs
eq
ωeLdids
Fig. Equivalent d,q-axis Circuit of PMSM
RsLd
Vds
ids
ωeLqiqs ed =0
: PMSM eq.
: PMSG eq.
iqs
ids
qdsdeqs
qqssqs eiLdt
diLiRV ω
qsqeds
ddssds iLdtdi
LiRV ω
qdsqeqs
qqssqs eiLdt
diLiRV ω
qsqeds
ddssds iLdtdi
LiRV ω
23
Modeling of Generator System• PMSG Model Block in SimPowerSystem module
24
Modeling of Generator System• PMSG Model Block in SimPowerSystem module
25
Modeling of Generator System• Elecrtical Model in SimPowerSystem module
)i)iL(Li()2p
(1.5 dsqsqdqsm λ
Modeling of Generator System• Adc2qd Block
))V3(sin)V(2V(cos31
V bcbcabqs θθ ))V3cos()V(2V(sin31
V bcbcabds θθ
Modeling of Generator System• Adc2qd Block
))V3(sin)V(2V(cos31
V bcbcabqs θθ
))V(V33
(sin)V(V31
)V(V32
(cos cnbncnbnbnan θθ
cnbnan )V
32
cos()V32
cos(Vcos32
πθπθθ
))cosV3()V(2V(sin31
V bcbcabds θθ
))V32
sin()V32
sin(V(sin32
)V31
sincosVsin31
cosV31
sincosVsin31
cosV(sin32
cnbnan
cncnbnbnan
πθπθθ
πθθππθθπθ
Modeling of Generator System• Adc2qd Block
cnbnanqs )V
32
cos()V32
cos(Vcos32
V πθπθθ
cnbnands )V
32
sin()V32
sin(Vsin32
V πθπθθ
cn
bn
an
ds
qs
V
V
V
)32
sin()32
sin(sin
)32
cos()32
cos(cos
32
V
V
πθπθθ
πθπθθ
Modeling of Generator System• qd2abc Block
θθ sinicosii dsqsa ))ii3(sin)i3i(0.5(cosi dsqsdsqsb θθ
Modeling of Generator System• qd2abc Block
θθ sinicosii dsqsa
))ii3(sin)i3i(0.5(cosi dsqsdsqsb θθ
dsqs )i32
sin()i32
cos( πθπθ
bac iii
dsqs )i32
sin()i32
cos( πθπθ
0s
ds
qs
c
b
a
i
i
i
1)32
sin()32
cos(
1)32
sin()32
cos(
1sincos
i
i
i
πθπθ
πθπθ
θθ
Modeling of Generator System• qd2abc Block
0s
ds
qs
c
b
a
i
i
i
21
)32
sin()32
cos(
21
)32
sin()32
cos(
21
sincos
i
i
i
πθπθ
πθπθ
θθ
cn
bn
an
ds
qs
V
V
V
)32
sin()32
sin(sin
)32
cos()32
cos(cos
32
V
V
πθπθθ
πθπθθ
Coordinate transforma-tion is same as PMSG simulink equation’s Co-ordinate transformation axis
axis
f
q axis
d axis
f
r
r
q axis
S
N
b-axisa’
b
a-axis
c’
ac-axis
b’
c
axis
axis
Modeling of Generator System• Mechanical model Block
33
Modeling of Generator System
• PMSG Model Block in PMSM eq.
PMSM LOADωm
Te Tm
mmmem TBT
dtd
ωω
mmqsmm T*(1/J)(B/J)i/J)2p
)(23
(
ωλω
mmqsmm T*)(1/J)2p
()(B/J)2p
(i/J)2p
)(23
()2p
()2p
(
ωλω
meqsm2
e T*)(1/J)2p
((B/J)i/J)2p
)(23
(
ωλω
34
Modeling of Generator System
• Iq, Id Model Block in PMSM eq.
35
Modeling of Generator System
• iq Model Block in PMSM eq.
36
Modeling of Generator System
• PMSG Model Block in PMSM eq.
Fig. Equivalent q-axis Circuit of PMSM
qdsdeqssqsqs
q eiLiRVdt
diL ω
q
em
q
dsde
q
qss
q
qsqs
LLiL
L
iR
L
V
dt
di ωλω
qdsdeqs
qqssqs eiLdt
diLiRV ω
qdsdeqs
qsqssqs eiLdt
diLiRV ω
RsLq
Vqs eq
ωeLdids
iqs
37
Modeling of Generator System
• id Model Block in PMSM eq.
38
Modeling of Generator System
• PMSG Model Block in PMSM eq.
Fig. Equivalent d-axis Circuit of PMSM
qsqeds
ddssds iLdtdi
LiRV ω
qsqeds
ddssds iLdtdi
LiRV ω
qsqedssdsds
d iLiRVdtdi
L ω
d
qsqe
d
dss
d
dsds
L
iL
LiR
LV
dtdi ω
RsLd
Vds
ωeLqiqs ed =0
ids
39
Modeling of Generator System
• PMSG Model Block
qsed
qde
dds
d
sds
dseq
dqs
qe
q
mqs
q
sqs
Leqs2
e
iL
LV
L1
iLR
i
iLL
VL1
Li
LR
i
TJ1
)2p
(JB
iJ1
)2p
(23
ω
ωωλ
ωω
Dynamic equation of PMSM
40
Modeling of Generator System
• PMSG Model Block
Dynamic equation of PMSM
qse11ds8ds7ds
dse10qs6e5qs4qs
L3e2qs1e
ikVkiki
ikVkkiki
Tkkik
ω
ωω
ωω
q
d11
d
q10
d8
d
s7
q6
q
m5
q
s4
32m2
1
LL
k,L
Lk,
L1
k,LR
k
,L1
k,L
k,LR
k
,J1
)2p
(k,JB
k,J1
)2p
(23
k
λ
λ
46
Modeling of Generator System• Signal Generator Model Block
Grid Side Model Parts
47
Modeling of Generator System• FUZZY Controller Block
48
Modeling of Generator System• FUZZY Controller Block
Vde rate limit : 2e4
49
Modeling of Generator System• FUZZY Controller Block (Nonlinear Con-
troller)
qse11ds7
dse10e5qs4
L3e2qs1
T62
T61
Tdsqse
ds2qs1
ikik
ikkik
Tkkik
f(x)
]k00[g,]0k0[g,]ii[xwhere
VgVgf(x)x
ω
ωω
ω
ω
50
Modeling of Generator System• FUZZY Controller Block (Nonlinear Con-
troller)
L3e2qs1e
ds2e1
Tkkik
i(x)h,(x)h,fieldVector
ωω
ω
)Tkki(kk)ikkik(kVkk
Vkk)Tkki(kk)ikkik(k
)Tkki(kk)Vkikkik(k
kik
again.atedifferenti usLet u,input the torelated directly not still is since
L3e2qs12dse10e5qs41eqs61
qs61L3e2qs12dse10e5qs41
L3e2qs12qe6dse10e5qs41
e2qs1e
ωωωω
ωωω
ωωω
ωω
ω
51
Modeling of Generator System• FUZZY Controller Block (Nonlinear Con-
troller)
1ω21ω1d1
de1
L3e2qs12dse10e5qs411e1
111
11
L3e2qs12dse10e5qs41e61
qs
ekekωv
as vinput new thechoosing and,errortrackingabe(t)ω(t)ωeLet
)Tkωki(kk)iωkωkik(kf,ωvwhere,
)f(v)E(xu
)Tkωki(kk)iωkωkik(kωkk1
V
52
Modeling of Generator System• FUZZY Controller Block (Nonlinear Con-
troller)
2ids_dds2
qse11ds72ds2ds2
221
22
qse11ds7ds8
de
qse11ds7dsds8
qse11ds8ds7ds
ds2
ekiv
)ikik(f,iv,Vuwhere,
fv)E(xu
)ikik(ik1
V
ikikiVk
ikVkiki
,iu
ω
ω
ω
ω
53
Modeling of Generator System• FUZZY Controller Block (Nonlinear Con-
troller)
)i(ikiv
)ωω(k)ω(ωkωv
iωkikihL
ωk)iωkωkik(kωkx
ikωhL
TkωkikωhL
h)(LLhL,(x)fxh
fhhL
DerivateLie
vhL
vhLE(x)
u
u
ds_ddsidsds_d2
deω2deω1d1
qse11ds7ds2f
d2dse10e5qs41d2qs
1d12f
L3d2qs1d1f
1)(iff
ifi
n
1i if
22f
112f1
2
1
6
611
6
61
k1
0
0kk1
E(x),k0
0kkE(x)
54
Modeling of Generator System• FUZZY Controller Block (Nonlinear Con-
troller)
22f
112f1
2
1
vhL
vhLE(x)
u
u
dsidsqs11ds7k1
1dω2dω1dd2ds105qs4k1
ds
qs
ds_dds_d
ds_ddsidsds_dqs11ds7k1
1dω2dω1dd2ds105qs4k1
ds
qs
ikωikik
k))ωω(k)ω(ωkωω(kωikωkik
V
V
0,i0,i
)i(ikiωikik
k))ωω(k)ω(ωkωω(kωikωkik
V
V
6
6
6
6
55
Modeling of Generator System• FUZZY Observer Block
56
Modeling of Generator System• FUZZY Observer Block
57
Modeling of Generator System• IPARK Block
58
Modeling of Generator System• IPARK Block
ds
qs
V
V
cos-sin
sincosV
V
θθ
θθ
59
Modeling of Generator System• IPARK Block
ds
qs
V
V
cos-sin
sincosV
V
θθ
θθ
axis
axis
f
q axis
d axis
f
r
r
q axis
S
N
b-axisa’
b
a-axis
c’
ac-axis
b’
c
axis
axis
60
Modeling of Generator System
• Space-Vector PWM Model Block
61
Modeling of Generator System
• Tune for Space-Vector PWM
62
Modeling of Generator System
• Tune for Space-Vector PWM
d axis
q axis
V1
V2
V3
V4
V5 V6
(100)
(110)
(010)
(011)
(001) (101)
(111)
(000)V0
V7
θ
T1
T2
1
2
3
4
5
6
)0,32(
)31,31()31,31(
)0,32(
)31,31(
)31,31(
θV*V max)
VV
(tanVVV
V*V
122*
max
θ
Limitation of SVPWM Voltage is 2/3Vdc.
63
Modeling of Generator System
• Space-Vector PWM Model Block
64
Modeling of Generator System
• Space-Vector PWM
11 VT
T
z
22 VT
T
z
*V
1V
2V
θ0
)6006)to1Sectoris,(that6through1n(where,,TTTT
)3
1ncossin
31n
sincos(V
*VT3T
)sin3n
coscos3n
(sinV
*VT3T
SectoranyatdurationtimeSwitching
21z0
dc
Z2
dc
Z1
θ
πθπθ
θπθπ
65
Modeling of Generator System
• Switching Time of Space-Vector PWM
Sa
V0
Sb
Sc
V1 V2 V7 V7 V2 V1 V0
0
0
0
0
0 0
1 1 1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
00
111
1
1
1
T0/2 T0/2T0/2 T0/2T1 T2 T2 T1
TS TS
ON Sequence OFF Sequence
66
Modeling of Generator System
• Switching Time of Space-Vector PWM
V1
V2V3
V4
V5V6
(100)
(110)(010)
(011)
(001) (101)
(111)
(000)V0
V7
1
2
3
4
5
6
67
Modeling of Generator System
• Switching Time of Space-Vector PWM
68
Simulation Results• Simulation Result in Variable Speed
69
Simulation Results• Simulation Result in Variable Speed
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 810
12
14
16
18
20
Time (sec)
Win
d S
pee
d [
m/s
]
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 822.5
23
23.5
24
24.5
Time (sec)
&
d (
rad
/sec
)
d
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4x 10
5
Time (sec)
To
rqu
e (N
m)
est TL
TL
Te
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 88000
8500
9000
9500
10000
Time (sec)
Vd
c (V
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-450
-400
-350
Time (sec)
i qs (
A)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-100
-50
0
50
100
Time (sec)
i ds (
A)
70
Modeling of Grid System• Circuit for Grid Side Part
3-ØLoad
Cv
Lf
Cf
Trans-formerΔ - Y
5.725 : 14kV /
22.8kV
ia
ib
ic
InverterController
ia_PCC
ib_PCC
ic_PCC
ia_grid
ib_grid
ic_grid
ea
eb
ec
Vab_iv
Vbc_iv
Vca_iv
Vab_in
Vbc_in
Vca_tn
22.9kV 3-Ø Line to Line
Voltage
Islanding Protector
71
Modeling of Grid System
Parameters Values Units
Rated Source-link Voltage [Vdc] 9200 [V]
Source-link Capacitance [Cdc] 3300 [uF]
Grid-Side Converter Output Voltage
(Vac)4000 [V]
LC Filter
Inductance [Lf] 0.55 [mH]
Capacitance [Cf] 727 [uF]
Cut-Off Frequency
[fc]250 [Hz]
72
Modeling of Grid System• Vdc equation
Cv Vdc
idciinv
The input DC current of the DC link is cal-culated by dividing the reference power to the DC voltage.
dtiiC
V invdcv
dc
1
Pgen Pout
73
Modeling of Grid System• LC-fillter
uFCthenmHLso
ef
CL
HzkHz
fassume
CLf
ff
offcutff
offcut
ff
offcut
750,55.0,
4.02
1
,25020
5
2
1
6
2
Lf
Lf
Lf
Cf
Cf
CfVab_inv
Vbc_inv
Vca_inv
Vab_in
Vbc_in
Vca_in
74
Modeling of Grid System• LC-fillter Result
0.5 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.6 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.68 0.7
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
Time(sec)
Va
b In
ve
rte
r [V
]
0.5 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.6 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.68 0.7
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
Time(sec)
Va
b In
pu
t [V
]
Modeling of Grid Control Sys-tem
75
GridY
-Y Trans.
VcIabc Vab
c
DC
AC
LocalLoad
PI+
-
+ -PI +
+
+
+
+PI+
-
-ωL
ωL
Vc
Vc_Nominal
ids
iqs
Ids_refVds
*
Vqs
*
Vds
Qmeasured
Qref PI+
- iqs_ref
Vqs
3Ø
2Ø
iabc
Vab
cidqs
Vdqs
76
Modeling of Grid System• Simulink Model Block Controller Part
77
Modeling of Grid System• Equvalant-Circuit of d-axis
Vds_in
v
Vds_in
Lf ωLfiqs
+-
qsfindsds
invds iLVdt
diLV __
+
-
+
-
ids
From In-veter
ToTrans-former
Cf
78
Modeling of Grid System• Equvalant-Circuit of d-axis
Vqs_in
v
Vqs_in
Lf ωLfids
+- +
-
+
-
ids
From In-veter
ToTrans-former
Cf
dsfinqsqs
invqs iLVdt
diLV __
Phase Locked Loop (PLL)
79
Modeling of Grid
1Sin_Cos
2*picos
sin
Theta
>=
1s
RampGenerator
error w
FrequencyController
1
3ph
The most common PLL technique applied to three phase grid connected systems is based on an algorithm implemented in synchronous reference frame (dq). The structure of the dq PLL algorithm is represented like this:
Va,b,c
Vd*Loop Filter
++
1/s
ωf
f θ ω
αβ
dq abc
αβ
Vd
Vq
PLL con-troller
VCO
Transformation module
-
+
θ
5. PV system Simulation
Where:CloseNeed: Need to CloseCloseNeed: Can CloseCloseOK: Close the switch
Algorithm for closed-swithching:
NOYES
abs(θGrid- θPCC_out)<∆θ1
CloseCan=OFFCloseOK=OFFθPCC_out = θPCC_in
CloseNeed=ON
k=k+1θPCC_out = θPCC_in +k*∆θ2
Initialize CloseNeed=OFF, CloseCan=OFF,CloseOK=OFF, θPCC_out =0, k=0
CloseCan=ON
abs(θGrid)<∆θ3
NO
YES
NO
CloseOK=ON;
YES
DPC with SVPWM and PLL
5. PV system Simulation
DPC with SVPWM and PLL
Theta_Grid_in
Theta_PCC_in
6
CloseOK
5
CloseCan
4
CloseNeed
3
Sin_Cos_PCC_out
2
Theta_PCC_in
1
Theta_Grid_in
cos
sin
Sin_Grid
CloseOK
Theta_PCC_out
Theta_PCC_in
Theta_Grid_in
CloseCan
CloseNeedthupham3
3phTheta
Sin_Cos
3phTheta
Sin_Cos 3
CloseNeed
2
Vabc_3
1
Vabc_Grid
Vabc_Grid
Vabc_3
CloseNeed
Theta_Grid_in
Theta_PCC_in
Sin_Cos_PCC_out
CloseNeed
CloseCan
CloseOK
Swithching Control
CloseNeed
Theta_PCC_in
Theta_Grid_in
CloseOK
CloseCan
Sin_Cos_PCC_outVabc_3
Vabc_Grid
CloseNeed
82
Iqds
Modeling of Grid System
DC
AC
From Generator
SVPWM
S1 ~ S6
Y
-Y Trans.L-C FilterVgrid
Igrid
Grid
POWERCon-
troller( PI )
θ^
Vqs
Vds
Vα
Vβ
je
Vdc
X grid
je3Ø
2Ø
Ia ,Ib ,Ic
Va ,Vb, Vc
Vqd
s PLL
LocalLoad
• Block Diagram of Normal Mode (Grid Connected)
PQ Load
PQ PCC PQ Grid
83
Modeling of Grid System• Simulink Model Block Normal Mode (Grid Connected)
84
Modeling of Grid System• Simulation Result Normal Mode (Grid Connected) LOAD
0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8-4
-2
0
2
4x 10
4
Time(sec)
Vab
c_Lo
ad [V
]
V
a_Load [V]
Vb_Load
[V]
Vc_Load
[V]
0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8-100
-50
0
50
100
Time(sec)
i abc_
Load
[A]
ia_Load
[A]
ib_Load
[A]
ic_Load
[A]
0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8-1
0
1
2
3
4x 10
6
Time(sec)
PQ
Load
[W &
Va
r]
P
Load [W]
QLoad
[Var]
85
Modeling of Grid System• Simulation Result Normal Mode (Grid Connected) PCC
0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8-4
-2
0
2
4x 10
4
Time(sec)
Vab
c_P
CC
[V]
V
a_PCC [V]
Vb_PCC
[V]
Vc_PCC
[V]
0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8-200
-100
0
100
200
Time(sec)
i abc_
PC
C [A
]
ia_PCC
[A]
ib_PCC
[A]
ic_PCC
[A]
0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8-1
0
1
2
3
4x 10
6
Time(sec)
PQ
PC
C [W
& V
ar]
P
PCC [W]
QPCC
[Var]
86
Modeling of Grid System• Simulation Result Normal Mode (Grid Connected) Grid
0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8-4
-2
0
2
4x 10
4
Time(sec)
Vab
c_G
rid [V
]
V
a_Grid [V]
Vb_Grid
[V]
Vc_Grid
[V]
0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8-200
-100
0
100
200
Time(sec)
i abc_
Grid
[A]
ia_Grid
[A]
ib_Grid
[A]
ic_Grid
[A]
0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8-1
0
1
2
3
4x 10
6
Time(sec)
PQ
Grid
[W &
Va
r]
P
Grid [W]
QGrid
[Var]
87
Modeling of Grid System• Simulink Result Fault Mode (Stand Alone) PCC
0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1-4
-2
0
2
4x 10
4
Time(sec)
Vab
c_Lo
ad [V
]
V
a_Load [V]
Vb_Load
[V]
Vc_Load
[V]
0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1-100
-50
0
50
100
Time(sec)
i abc_
Load
[A]
ia_Load
[A]
ib_Load
[A]
ic_Load
[A]
0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1-1
0
1
2
3
4x 10
6
Time(sec)
PQ
Load
[W &
Va
r]
P
Load [W]
QLoad
[Var]
88
Modeling of Grid System• Simulation Result Fault Mode (Stand Alone) PCC
0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1-4
-2
0
2
4x 10
4
Time(sec)
Vab
c_P
CC
[V]
V
a_PCC [V]
Vb_PCC
[V]
Vc_PCC
[V]
0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1-200
-100
0
100
200
Time(sec)
i abc_
PC
C [A
]
ia_PCC
[A]
ib_PCC
[A]
ic_PCC
[A]
0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1-1
0
1
2
3
4x 10
6
Time(sec)
PQ
PC
C [W
& V
ar]
P
PCC [W]
QPCC
[Var]
89
Modeling of Grid System• Simulation Result Fault Mode (Stand Alone) Grid
0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1-4
-2
0
2
4x 10
4
Time(sec)
Vab
c_G
rid [V
]
V
a_Grid [V]
Vb_Grid
[V]
Vc_Grid
[V]
0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1-200
-100
0
100
200
Time(sec)
i abc_
Grid
[A]
ia_Grid
[A]
ib_Grid
[A]
ic_Grid
[A]
0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1-1
0
1
2
3
4x 10
6
Time(sec)
PQ
Grid
[W &
Va
r]
P
Grid [W]
QGrid
[Var]
90
Modeling of Grid System• Simulink Result Reconnecting Mode LOAD
1.3 1.35 1.4 1.45 1.5 1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7-4
-2
0
2
4x 10
4
Time(sec)
Vab
c_Lo
ad [V
]
V
a_Load [V]
Vb_Load
[V]
Vc_Load
[V]
1.3 1.35 1.4 1.45 1.5 1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7-100
-50
0
50
100
Time(sec)
i abc_
Load
[A]
ia_Load
[A]
ib_Load
[A]
ic_Load
[A]
1.3 1.35 1.4 1.45 1.5 1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7-1
0
1
2
3
4x 10
6
Time(sec)
PQ
Load
[W &
Va
r]
P
Load [W]
QLoad
[Var]
Command Reconnecting Synchronized PLL
91
Modeling of Grid System• Simulation Result Reconnecting Mode PCC
1.3 1.35 1.4 1.45 1.5 1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7-4
-2
0
2
4x 10
4
Time(sec)
Vab
c_P
CC
[V]
1.3 1.35 1.4 1.45 1.5 1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7-200
-100
0
100
200
Time(sec)
i abc_
PC
C [A
]
1.3 1.35 1.4 1.45 1.5 1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7-1
0
1
2
3
4x 10
6
Time(sec)
PQ
PC
C [W
& V
ar]
Va_PCC
[V]
Vb_PCC
[V]
Vc_PCC
[V]
ia_PCC
[A]
ib_PCC
[A]
ic_PCC
[A]
PPCC
[W]
QPCC
[Var]
Command Reconnecting Synchronized PLL
92
Modeling of Grid System• Simulation Result Reconnecting Mode GRID
1.3 1.35 1.4 1.45 1.5 1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7-4
-2
0
2
4x 10
4
Time(sec)
Vab
c_G
rid [V
]
1.3 1.35 1.4 1.45 1.5 1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7-200
-100
0
100
200
Time(sec)
i abc_
Grid
[A]
1.3 1.35 1.4 1.45 1.5 1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7
-1
0
1
2
3
4x 10
6
Time(sec)
PQ
Grid
[W &
Va
r]
P
Grid [W]
QGrid
[Var]
Va_Grid
[V]
Vb_Grid
[V]
Vc_Grid
[V]
ia_Grid
[A]
ib_Grid
[A]
ic_Grid
[A]
Command Reconnecting Synchronized PLL
93
Modeling of Grid System• Simulation Result Reconnecting Mode
1.35 1.4 1.45 1.5 1.55 1.60
2
4
6
8
Time(sec)
Th
eta
Grid
& T
he
taP
CC
[ra
d]
Theta
PCC [rad]
ThetaGrid
[rad]
1.35 1.4 1.45 1.5 1.55 1.60
0.5
1
1.5
2
Time(sec)
Grid
Co
nn
ect
ied
Co
mm
an
d
Command ConnectingSynchronized PLL