Modern Bible Modern Bible TranslationsTranslations

Group 12Group 12

Kevin Weng 94121394Kevin Weng 94121394

Howard Liao 93121305Howard Liao 93121305

Lily Wu 95121385Lily Wu 95121385

Annie Kang 96121225Annie Kang 96121225

BackgroundBackground

Started around the time of early 19Started around the time of early 19thth century with the creation of the Revised century with the creation of the Revised Version in 1885Version in 1885

More formal equivalence of the More formal equivalence of the modification to the King James Version modification to the King James Version soon followsoon follow

Formal Version=> Dynamic VersionFormal Version=> Dynamic Version =>New International Version =>New International Version

Different TranslationsDifferent Translations Formal EquivalenceFormal Equivalence

Revised Standard Version(1952)Revised Standard Version(1952) The New Revised Standard Version(1989) The New Revised Standard Version(1989) English Standard Version (2001)English Standard Version (2001)

Dynamic Equivalence (Functional) (Departure from King Dynamic Equivalence (Functional) (Departure from King James)James) New English Bible initiated in the United Kingdom New English Bible initiated in the United Kingdom

(1946)(1946) The Living Bible by Kenneth N. Taylor (1971)The Living Bible by Kenneth N. Taylor (1971) Good News Bible by the American Bible Society (1976)Good News Bible by the American Bible Society (1976)

Intermediate approach Intermediate approach Between King James Version & Good News BibleBetween King James Version & Good News Bible New International VersionNew International Version

PurposePurpose

Response to the rapid spread of Response to the rapid spread of Christianity Christianity

Address the needs of different Address the needs of different English speakers of all walks of lifeEnglish speakers of all walks of life

Complementing instead of Replacing Complementing instead of Replacing

Formal EquivalenceFormal Equivalence

Render the text Word-for-word Render the text Word-for-word

Strict Strict adherenceadherence to structures, word order, to structures, word order, and grammarand grammar

at the expense of natural expression in the at the expense of natural expression in the target language, if necessarytarget language, if necessary

Emphasis on literal fidelityEmphasis on literal fidelity

New American Standard Bible (NASB) New American Standard Bible (NASB)

The New Testament was first published in 1963, and the The New Testament was first published in 1963, and the complete Bible was published in 1971. The revision of the complete Bible was published in 1971. The revision of the American Standard Version (ASV)(1901)American Standard Version (ASV)(1901)

The most literally translated of 20th-century English Bible The most literally translated of 20th-century English Bible

translationstranslations

preserving the literal accuracy of the 1901 ASV preserving the literal accuracy of the 1901 ASV

sought to render grammar and terminology in sought to render grammar and terminology in contemporary English. contemporary English.

Special attention has been given to the rendering of verb Special attention has been given to the rendering of verb tenses to give the English reader a rendering as close as tenses to give the English reader a rendering as close as possible to the sense of the original Greek and Hebrew possible to the sense of the original Greek and Hebrew textstexts..

Awkward and Unnatural EnglishAwkward and Unnatural English

““Strong in Greek, but weak in English.Strong in Greek, but weak in English.”” 　　

preferred by those who want an English version that preferred by those who want an English version that reflects the grammar of the originalreflects the grammar of the original

For this reason, many people used the NASB only for For this reason, many people used the NASB only for reference when doing close study, while using other more reference when doing close study, while using other more "readable" versions for other purposes"readable" versions for other purposes

English Standard Version (ESV)English Standard Version (ESV)

First published in 2001First published in 2001

Very accurate (word for word), very readable. Very accurate (word for word), very readable.

Goals: capture the precise wording of the original text, while Goals: capture the precise wording of the original text, while takingtaking

into account differences of grammar, syntax, and into account differences of grammar, syntax, and idiomidiom

between current literary English and the original between current literary English and the original languageslanguages

more literal than New International Version, but more more literal than New International Version, but more idiomatic than the New American Standard Bibleidiomatic than the New American Standard Bible

A great deal of A great deal of ““BiblishBiblish””

NASBNASB John 1: 1-3John 1: 1-3

In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God. and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God. All things came into being by Him,All things came into being by Him, and apart from Him and apart from Him nothing came into being that has come into being.nothing came into being that has come into being.

ESVESV John 1:1-3John 1:1-3

In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God. and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God. All things were made through him, All things were made through him, and without him was not and without him was not any thing made that was made.any thing made that was made.

Dynamic EquivalenceDynamic Equivalence

also called also called Functional equivalenceFunctional equivalence or or

meaning based translationmeaning based translation

translator attempts to keep a constant translator attempts to keep a constant

historical distance with regard to history historical distance with regard to history

and facts, but updates the writing style and facts, but updates the writing style

and grammar (though-for-though)and grammar (though-for-though)

avoid strict adherence to the avoid strict adherence to the grammatical grammatical

structure of the original text structure of the original text

used when the readability of the used when the readability of the translation translation

is more important is more important

more pleasing and understandable to the more pleasing and understandable to the

modern earmodern ear

Jerusalem Bible (JB)Jerusalem Bible (JB)

---- (1966) translated from the French (1966) translated from the French La Sainte La Sainte

Bible.Bible. The English version revised and re- The English version revised and re-

released as New Jerusalem Bible (NJB) in released as New Jerusalem Bible (NJB) in

19661966

New English Bible (NEB)New English Bible (NEB)

-- -- (1970) translated into contemporary British (1970) translated into contemporary British

English; the first British Bible translated from English; the first British Bible translated from

the original languages since the KJV.the original languages since the KJV.

Dynamic Equivalence Bible VersionsDynamic Equivalence Bible Versions

New International Version (NIV)New International Version (NIV)

-- -- (1973) produced by 115 translators, attempt (1973) produced by 115 translators, attempt

at at ““an accurate translation, suitable for public an accurate translation, suitable for public

and private reading, teaching, preaching, and private reading, teaching, preaching,

memorizing, and liturgical use.memorizing, and liturgical use.””

Good News Bible (GNB)Good News Bible (GNB)

-- -- (1974) written at a 6(1974) written at a 6thth-grade reading level in -grade reading level in

contemporary English. Also known as contemporary English. Also known as

TodayToday’’s English Version.s English Version.

Revised English Bible (REB)Revised English Bible (REB) -- -- (1989) a revision of the New English Bible.(1989) a revision of the New English Bible.

Contemporary English Version (CEV)Contemporary English Version (CEV) -- (1995) Written at an elementary-school -- (1995) Written at an elementary-school reading level in simple English.reading level in simple English.

GodGod’’s Word (GW)s Word (GW) -- (1995) Designed to be an accurate, readable -- (1995) Designed to be an accurate, readable translation, using modern English language translation, using modern English language idioms to convey the meaning of the idioms to convey the meaning of the

original original texts. texts.

New Living Translation (NLT)New Living Translation (NLT)

-- -- (1996) based on original sources, the (1996) based on original sources, the goal of goal of

the NLT is to produce the closest the NLT is to produce the closest natural natural

equivalent, using the vocabulary and equivalent, using the vocabulary and

language structures of modern English.language structures of modern English.

Against Dynamic Against Dynamic Equivalence ?Equivalence ?

J.B Phillips says: J.B Phillips says: ““Dynamic equivalence is Dynamic equivalence is to produce in the hearts and mind of his to produce in the hearts and mind of his readers an effect equivalent to that readers an effect equivalent to that produced by the author on his original produced by the author on his original readers.readers.””

Intermediate approachIntermediate approach

Today's New International Version Today's New International Version (TNIV)(TNIV)

Holman Christian Standard Bible Holman Christian Standard Bible (HCSB)(HCSB)

Holman Christian Standard BibleHolman Christian Standard Bible A balance between the two prevailing A balance between the two prevailing

philosophies( philosophies( formal equivalence and and functional equivalence ) )

Goals of this translation are:Goals of this translation are:

* Provide an accurate, readable Bible * Provide an accurate, readable Bible

* Equip an accurate translation for personal * Equip an accurate translation for personal

study, private devotions, and study, private devotions, and memorization memorization

* Visually attractive on the page, appealing * Visually attractive on the page, appealing

when heard when heard

* Affirm the authority of Scripture as * Affirm the authority of Scripture as

God's WordGod's Word

Today's New International Today's New International Version (TNIV)Version (TNIV)

Based on the NIVBased on the NIV Complete in February 2005 Complete in February 2005 Wanted to build a new versionWanted to build a new version DifferencesDifferences Matthew 1:18 Mary Matthew 1:18 Mary ““pregnantpregnant”” Luke 12:38 the phrase Luke 12:38 the phrase ““middle of the night or toward middle of the night or toward

daybreakdaybreak”” Gender LanguageGender Language