Upload
others
View
3
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
MODERN BOYS SCHOOLS:Education Institutions
or Sporting Academies
Mary Ann DoveIBSC Conference8th July 2015
“Sport has the power to change the world. It has the power to inspire. It has the
power to unite people in a way that little else does. It speaks to youth in a language they understand. Sport can create hope where once there was only despair. It is more powerful than government in breaking down racial barriers.”
(Nelson Mandela)
Consider these FactsOnly 0.05% of kids
playing sport become professional athletes
in the USA28% of 5 year olds in Wales overweight
SA has the 3rdhighest obesity
levels
Only 7% of 7 year olds are getting
recommended level of physical activity
Only 24,1% of U13 provincial rugby players in 2005 went on to play in the U18 Craven Week tournament in 2010
70% of kids quit formal sport
between ages 13 and 18
Early success a weak predictor of adult elite performanceEarly specialisation
increases burnout and injuries and decreases
enjoyment
Current Challenges in Youth Sport
PARADIGM SHIFTSProfessionalism
Increased competitionScientific research
Medical AdvancementsMedia &
CommunicationsInstant gratification
Declining PANature vs Nurture
The Mind
CHALLENGESSpectator behaviour
Inappropriate aggressionTeam selection
Talent identificationPerformance enhancing
substancesIncreased injuriesEarly specialisationIncreased drop outCoach development
Current Challenges in Youth Sport
PARADIGM SHIFTSProfessionalism
Increased competitionScientific research
Medical AdvancementsMedia &
CommunicationsInstant gratification
Declining PANature vs Nurture
The Mind
CHALLENGESSpectator behaviour
Inappropriate aggressionTeam selection
Talent identificationPerformance enhancing
substancesIncreased injuriesEarly specialisationIncreased drop outCoach development
“Win‐at‐all‐costs” Culture• 1,015 kids (8‐16)• 87,5% ‐ feel under pressure to win• 50% ‐ pressure from other kids and team mates• 20% ‐ pressure on selves• 33% ‐ affected by what see in professional sport• 64.3% ‐ team mates fouling, diving or time‐wasting• 54% ‐ witnessed cheating in games• 37% ‐ team mates didn’t care if won by cheating• 5% ‐ happy to “win‐at‐all‐costs”
Source: Chance to Shine and MCC – March 2013
Current Challenges in Youth Sport
PARADIGM SHIFTSProfessionalism
Increased competitionScientific research
Medical AdvancementsMedia &
CommunicationsInstant gratification
Declining PANature vs Nurture
The Mind
CHALLENGESSpectator behaviour
Inappropriate aggressionTeam selection
Talent identificationPerformance enhancing
substancesIncreased injuriesEarly specialisationIncreased drop outCoach development
Nature vs Nurture
Given prominence by popular literatureWhat’s the scientific evidence?
http://www.sportsscientists.com/2012/03/10000‐hours‐vs‐training‐debate‐no.html
Current Challenges in Youth Sport
PARADIGM SHIFTSProfessionalism
Increased competitionScientific research
Medical AdvancementsMedia &
CommunicationsInstant gratification
Declining PANature vs Nurture
The Mind
CHALLENGESSpectator behaviour
Inappropriate aggressionTeam selection
Talent identificationPerformance enhancing
substancesIncreased injuriesEarly specialisationIncreased drop outCoach development
Goals of sport participation
• Participation• Performance• Personal development
How do we achieve this?
Source: Cote & Hancock, 2014
Player‐Centric Developmental Sporting Environment
Emotional Intelligence
Institution: School, Club, Federation, State
Team
ATHLETE
Parent/Guardian
Coach
Effective Communications
Coaching for Performance
Understand Player Development
Engaging with Parents
Positive Sport Parent
Terms of Engagement Framework
Leadership
Building Teams
Developing Emotional Intelligence
What is Emotional Intelligence?
SELFAWARENESS
SOCIALAWARENESS
SELFMANAGEMENT
RELATIONSHIPMANAGEMENT
Fun for kids?
Source: Aspen Institute ‐ Project Play Report
“The deepest longing in every human being is to be
appreciated”(William James)
Effective Communications
Effective Communications
• Listen • Verbal communications• Non‐verbal communications • Feedback – positive and constructive criticism• Develop relationships with all stakeholders
Understanding Player Development
Long Term Athlete Development
Source: Canadian Sport for Life
Foundation Talent Elite Mastery Framework
Source: AIS
Development Model of Sport Participation
Source: Cote, J et al
AGE
Probable Outcomes:Recreational participationEnhanced healthIncreased enjoyment
Probable Outcomes:Elite performanceEnhanced health Increased enjoyment of the sport
Probable Outcomes:Elite performanceReduced health Decreased enjoyment
18 RecreationalHigh deliberate play
Low deliberate practiceFocus on fitness and health
InvestmentHigh deliberate practiceLow deliberate play
Only 1 sport Early Specialisation and InvestmentHigh deliberate
practiceLow deliberate play
Only 1 sport
DROPOUT
17
16
15Specialisation
Deliberate play and practice balanced
Reduced involvement in several sports
14
13
12
11
SamplingHigh deliberate play
Low deliberate practiceInvolved in variety of sports
10
9
8
7
6 Entry into Sport
Youth Physical Development Model
Source: Rhodri S. Lloyd, and Jon L. Oliver
Developmental Transitions
(Source: Adapted from Wylleman and Lavalle, 2004)SportDevelopment
Discovery/Initiation
Development Mastery Discontinuation
Age
PsychologicalDevelopment
Childhood PubertyAdolescence
Adulthood
Relationships/Psycho‐social
ParentsSiblingsPeers
PeersCoachParents
PartnerCoach
Family(Coach)Peers
EducationalDevelopment
Primary Education
Secondary Education
Higher Education Ongoing education: vocational training, professional occupation
LTPD Fundamentals
LearnToTrain
Train To Train
Train to Compete Train to Win Active forLife
Age
10 15 20 25 30 35
10 15 20 25 30 35 Source: Adapted from Wylleman and Lavalle, 2004
Player Development Process
Individual Characteristics:physical, technical, tactical, mental
Macro and Micro Environmental influences:culture, socio‐economic, coaching, support networks, opportunities, team climate, education, structures, luck
Discovery Development Mastery10 15 20
Source: Dove et al, Unpublished
Specialisation“Participating in a variety of sports will help a child develop other athletic skills that they would not develop if they specialised in one sport too early. Athletic skills such as speed, balance, mental focus, jumping and reacting are all stressed
differently in different sports. These skills will later transfer to the child’s primary activity, so
everything a child does to become a better all‐round athlete will make the child a better soccer
player, for instance.”(Jennifer VanSickle, assistant professor of Sport Management, University of Indianapolis)
Sport Participation
Talent• Is ID desirable and possible• At what age? Relative age effect• Over valuing innate ability may decrease work ethic
• Response to training• Early selection issues: inclusion error, exclusion error, wrong environment (for wrongly excluded)
• Possible solution: Early exposure, delayed specialisation. Select at 13, but keep excluded involved until 16 and dip back in
“To treat players fairly is to treat them differently but with equal attention and opportunity”
(Adapted from Prof. M. Sutherland, GIBS)
Recent Research• 31,5% of players who played in U13interprovincial rugby tournament in 2005played at U16 tournament in 2008
• Only 24,1% played in the U18 Craven Weektournament in 2010
• 76% had “dropped out”Talented young players do not necessarily
become talent older players
(Source: Durandt, J. et al. Rugby playing history at the national U13 level and subsequent participation at the national U16 and U18 rugby tournaments. S Afr J Sports Med 2011:23:103‐105)
“Talent under 12 years of age is not talent – it is growth and
development”(Wayne Goldsmith, Australian high performance coach)
Coaching for Performance
Process Orientation Scoreboard OrientationEffort focus Results focus
Learning & continuous improvement
Comparison with others
Mistakes tolerated Mistakes avoided
Decreased anxiety Increased anxiety
Increased self esteem Decreased self esteem
Increased resilience Decreased moral reasoningResearch at the 2000 Sydney Olympics indicated that athletes with a Mastery orientation won more medals than athletes coached purely with a scoreboard orientation.
Process vs Outcome Orientation
Source: Dr Joan Duda, Chair of Sports Psychology at the University of Birmingham (UK)
“If you're not making mistakes, then you're not doing anything. I'm positive that a doer makes
mistakes.”“Results will be what they should be, not necessarily what you
would like them to be” (John Wooden, US Basketball player and coach)
Driven to win, compares self to others, lacks confidence, no risks, external causes
for success
Desires to win, compares self to others, wants to improve, can take risks, usually confident, high
achiever
Not goal orientated, no risks, doesn’t care about comparisons to
others
Self motivated, persistent learner, desire to improve, internal causes for success
(effort), takes risks, consistent confidence
Orientation to CompetitionEGOHigh
Low
High
MASTERYLow
“I've missed more than 9000 shots in my
career. I've lost almost 300 games. 26 times, I've been trusted to
take the game winning shot and missed. I've failed over and over and over again in my life. And that is why I
succeed.”(Michael Jordan)
“Champions do not become champions when they win an event, but in the hours, weeks, and months and years
they spend preparing for it.
The victorious performance itself is
merely a demonstration of their championship
character”(Michael Jordan)
"Satisfaction lies in the effort, not in the attainment,
full effort is full victory”(Mahatma Gandhi)
“As a coach there is nothing more heart breaking than your team
losing the game in their heads way before the first whistle is blown... not playing even close to their potential because of who their opposition is. As we continue to learn from every experience...”
(Coach Pholo)
Coach as Leader
Coach as Leader
• Lead by example• Coaching philosophy• Leadership/coach style• Inspire and motivate• Trust and Respect• Ethics and values – honour the sport
“Let's make this Team's winning advantage that we're a Team of Leaders. So own the moment when to lead and
know when & how to support the leader”
(Frank Dick, UK athletics coach)
Building Performing Teams
Performing Teams• Creating a team vision and values• Understanding team dynamics• Stages of team development• Exploring team roles and responsibilities• Recognising the value of diversity
Engaging with Parents
Getting parents on your side!
• Different types of parent/coach relationships• Role of parents in youth sport• Emotional investment of parents in their
child’s sport• Guidelines for a proactive approach• Transparent selection criteria• Communicating effectively• Terms of engagement
A Canadian man reached out and choked his son’s ice hockey coach because the nine year old had been taken out of the game to sit on the bench. The coach was not seriously
injured but the Toronto father appeared in court
Educational Institutions or
Sporting Academies?
“School comes first. Sport can teach lessons about life, values, team building, leadership, time management etc., and enhance the school experience. Learn to balance both school and sport
commitments” (Wayne Goldsmith, Australian high performance coach)
“You don’t coach a sport, you coach a child”
(Dr Martin Toms, School of Sport & Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK)
"I know that sport has the power to change people's lives. I have always loved rugby but have also been fortunate to play a whole host of different sports
from a young age. I hope that all children have similar enjoyable
opportunities to play and keep active throughout
their lives" (Jonny Wilkinson, England Rugby Union
player and World Cup Winner 2003)
"Be more concerned with your character than your reputation, because your character is what you really are, while your reputation is merely
what others think you are." "Don't measure yourself by what you have accomplished, but by what you should have
accomplished with your ability." "Success comes from knowing that you did your best to become the best that you are capable of
becoming."
(John Wooden, US Basketball player and coach)
“Unfortunately, people judge a school on its rugby results, as
opposed to its academic results.”(Dr Glen Hageman, Past President of the SA Sports Medicine
Association)
“If success is defined as only those that finish first, then 97% of all
participants at the Olympic Games would be failures”
Player‐Centric Developmental Sporting Environment