Modern Laser for High Energy Particle Acceleration:

A long term view

Gérard Mourou

Institut de Lumière Extreme

EUROnnac

CERN

3 May 2011

Contents• Low Luminosity Paradigm

• Single shot PeV High-Energy particle• Laser Low Rep. Rate High Energy Laser MJ, Low

Average power. 100W

• High Luminosity Paradigm(collider) • Recurrent Laser 15 kHz, High average Power 500MW

• Search for the Efficient Laser Driver• Thin disk laser• Fiber laser (CAN Coherent Amplification Net work)• ICAN(International Coherent Amplification Network)

Towards the PeV single ShotUsing MJ laser

At 1joule per GeV, a laser Megajoule laser after compression to the ps Level could produce PeV particles. Physics: Texture of Vacuum and testing General Relativity

High Luminosity ParadigmeCollider Application

Recurrent Laser, 15 kHz and GW Average Power

En

erg

ie p

ar

imp

uls

ion

LIL

1 J

1 k J

100 J

10 J

10 k J

100 k J

1 M J

10 M J

0,1 J

LULI

LMJ/NIF

10 210110-1

10-2

10-3

10-4

10-5

LULI 100TW

1 kW de puissance moyenne

1 W de puissance moyenneCommercial

LULI 2000 pico 2000

Taux de répetition (Hz)

100J/10HzLuli

150J/.1HzJena

0.5GW , 5GeV Collider ( 2x 500Stages)

104

Wahoo!!1 Stage, .5MW, 32J, 17kHz

Energy vs. Rep. Rate

Here the efficiency is at a premium!

1 GW consumption means an electric bill of a 1B€/year

1% difference in efficiency cost 10-20M€/year

Search for High Average Power and Efficient Driver Laser

11

Thin Disk Fiber Amplifier

Thin Disk laser Driver

Fiber Laser Driver

Fiber vs. Bulk lasers

• High Gain fiber amplifiers allow ~ 50% total plug-to-optical output efficiency reachable

• Single mode fiber amplifier have reached 10kW optical power.

• large bandwidth (100fs)• High rep. rate 10kHz>1/f, highly

desirable for diode stability, lifetime and system noise

• excellent beam quality

• efficient, diode-pumped operation

Pigtail pumping vs stacks

• high single pass gain

• They can be mass-produced at low

cost.

inner cladding

outer cladding

active coreDiode

pump

laser radiation

refractive index profile

n

Fiber laserPigtailed pumped instead of stack laser pumped

Øco ØclSingle mode Øco~10

Pigtailed

Bridgelab Symposium for Laser Acceleration – Paris, January 14, 2011 – Matthieu Somekh

20

Laser concept based on a diode-pumped fiber network of femtosecond pulses Device possibly based on standard, cheap and reliable telecom components

- Laser architecture allowing high peak / high average powers are desired for future societal application

- Coherent combining demonstrated for CW regime, few experiments in ns regime, no results yet in fs regime

- Coherent combining required for some application not for all of them

The CAN concept, opening to the scalability

500x1.0 MW Fiber bundles1mJ/fiber x 15kHz=15W

1MW/15W/fiber= 70 103 Fibers/bundles

~70cm

~1mm

Electron/positron beam

Transport fibers

They will beall coherently phased.

Length of a fiber ~2m Total fiber length~ 5 104km

The CAN Project:(a ANR-National Project)

64-Fiber Mock-up

31 Mai 2010 – Soutenance de thèse – C. Bellanger

Insertion des fibres

Insertion des fibres Insertion des 64 fibres, alignement PM (° près), collage

Polissage collectif de la surface de sortie des fibres

Composant intégré pour le maintien des fibres

31 Mai 2010 – Soutenance de thèse – C. Bellanger

Matrice de microlentilles

F = 5,7mm

Caractéristiques

20µm ± 1µm

1500 µm ± 1µm

Mesure du pas

Réalisation par lithographie

31 Mai 2010 – Soutenance de thèse – C. Bellanger

Comparaison avec la sphère théorique

λ / 10 sur 80% de l’ouverture

λ / 3 sur la totalité

Mesure du profil

Matrice de microlentilles

0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 (mm)

0

-5

-10

Profil (m)--- Sphère théorique--- Profil mesuré

Phase control

31 Mai 2010 – Soutenance de thèse – C. Bellanger

Génération des 64 faisceaux

Génération de 64 faisceaux fibrés

Ampli 1 W

Ampli 1 W

Ampli 1 W

Ampli 1 W

1 vers 16

1 vers 16

1 vers 16

1 vers 16

PM

PM

PM

PM

DL=1,5µm Contrôleur

de polar

Ampli 1 W

PM

31 Mai 2010 – Soutenance de thèse – C. Bellanger

Insertion des fibres

Toron de 64 fibres réalisé

Wave-front Measurement

Généralités sur l’IDQL

IDQL: Interféromètre à Décalage Quadri-Latéral Technique d’analyse de front d’onde auto-référencée

Principe: analyse de l’interférence du front d’onde avec lui même après duplication et décalage latéral

Utilisations usuelles: Métrologie optique, caractérisation laser, optique adaptative sur des surfaces continues

Fonctionne également sur des surfaces segmentées (marches de phase)

ss

s s zzd

k-

1,1

k1,

1

k-

1,-1

k1,-1

Aberration sphérique

31 Mai 2010 – Soutenance de thèse – C. Bellanger

Avec notre analyseur expérimental: ajout d’une lentille d’imagerie Nécessité d’adapter la taille de la matrice de faisceaux (grandissement g)

Nécessité d’éliminer l’effet de la divergence des faisceaux gaussiens au niveau du détecteur (conservation de la lacunarité)

d

di

RéseauCaméra

Lentille

2

2gds Condition:

Expérimentalement

31 Mai 2010 – Soutenance de thèse – C. Bellanger

Analyse de l’interférogramme

Gradient YGradient X

Interférogramme expérimental

Jeux de franges de même pas dans les deux sens Déphasage entre deux fibres adjacentes codé

dans le déplacement des franges

Analyse du déplacement relatif des franges Sinusoïdes Démodulation synchrone

spatiale sur toute la figure

Récupération des 7x8 8x7 valeurs de différences

Reconstruction de la cartographie de phase matriciellement

64 CW fibers have been phased(Private com. A. Brignon Thales)

Phase Locking in the Femtosecond Regime

Bridgelab Symposium for Laser Acceleration – Paris, January 14, 2011 – Matthieu Somekh

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CAN recent results / phase locking techniqueIn the femto second

Combining efficiency > 90%

L. Daniault, M. Hanna, L. Lombard, D. Goular, P. Bourdon, F. Druon, P. Georges“Coherent combining of two femtosecond fiber chirped pulse amplifiers“Oral : Advanced Solid State Photonics, ASSP 2011, Istanbul, Turkey (February 13-16 2011)

Accepted: Optics Letters, L. Daniault et al, « Coherent beam combining of two femtosecond fiber chirped pulse amplifiers »

Bridgelab Symposium for Laser Acceleration – Paris, January 14, 2011 – Matthieu Somekh

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Autocorrelations325 fs pulsewidth

Spectra4.3 nm FWHM

CAN recent results / phase locking technique (2)

Stacks Laser Diode 20000 hours

Pigtailed Diode>50000 hours

Diode cost

Fiber pigtailed single emitters VS stacksCost in € / Watt

- €

1,00 €

2,00 €

3,00 €

4,00 €

5,00 €

6,00 €

7,00 €

8,00 €

1 2

Optiques

Chiller

Electronique de contrôle

Alim. élect.

Emetteur

2D Stacks Fibered emitters

3.5 B€ in laser diodes

Fiber pigtailed single emitters VS stacksCost in € / Watt / year

- €

0,20 €

0,40 €

0,60 €

0,80 €

1,00 €

1,20 €

1,40 €

1,60 €

1,80 €

1 2

Optiques

Chiller

Electronique de contrôle

Alim. élect.

Emetteur

Stacks 2D Emetteurs fibrés

Assump.: - 1 year = 200 days ; 24 hours per day- lifetime: stacks = 20.000 h ; fiber pigtailed single emitters = 50.000 h

Bridgelab Symposium for Laser Acceleration – Paris, January 14, 2011 – Matthieu Somekh

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Different communities joining their efforts towards the collaborative evaluation of the fiber CAN concept as one of the possible solutions for the next laser-based driver generation:– Laser & fibre communities– High energy physics community

Final goal : definition, conception, design and realisation of such a laser

The International Coherent Amplification Initiative

CERN

Bridgelab Symposium for Laser Acceleration – Paris, January 14, 2011 – Matthieu Somekh

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• 1 proposal submitted to Brussels (Type of funding scheme: Coordination and support actions (Supporting))

• 18 participants from laser, fibre and high energy physics communities already behind the ICAN project

• To be organized in 2012-2013 :– Conferences– WorkshopsThe proposal has been Favorably Rated by the EU

A first targeted step of 2 years

Conclusions

Low luminosity Paradigm: PeV particles, single shot could be produced by laser acceleration.

High Luminosity Paradigme: Preliminary studies with CAN have demonstrated that the possibility to build an efficient laser driver for a GW, TeV, collider seems at this point possible .

The ICAN program in 18 months hopefully will help us to confirm this opinion

Laser Acceleration-Telecom Cycle

WWWTim Berners-Lee

Optical FiberCharles Kao

Coherent AmplifyingNetwork+ Laser Wake Field

Acknowledgements to our Fiber Accelerator Team

• Toshiki Tajima, ILE, MPQ, Garching: Laser acceleration• Jean-Pierre Koutchouk, CERN: Accelerator• Almantas Galvanauskas U. Michigan: Fiber amplification• Johan Nilsson, ORC, U. Southampton: fiber amplification,

fabrication:• Marc Hanna: Institut d’ optique: Fibers Phasing• Vincent Michau ONERA: Fiber Phasing

• Matthieu Somekh Ecole Polytechnique: Diode laser• Catherine Sarrazin: Adminsitrative Assistant Institut

Lumière Extrême

The Moral of this talk

Telecom

HighPeak PowerHigh Average Power

Bridgelab Symposium for Laser Acceleration – Paris, January 14, 2011 – Matthieu Somekh

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Fibre laser strengths & limitations

- Initial & running cost- Reliability / Robustness- Maintenance- Footprint- Frequency- Beam Quality

- Scalability of the energy in a single fibre in short pulse laser operation

Can technology obey Moore’s Law?

Yes for Patterned Structures.

Bob Beyers’dictum