Modern World HistoryModern World HistoryModern World HistoryModern World History

Farming Changes• Small farms bought up by wealthy

landowners• Small farmers either gave up and moved

to cities or became tenants on large farms.• Enclosures: Stone Walls, tree lines, and

hedges were used to corral livestock and also delineate property.

Agricultural Revolution• Crop Rotation improved yield of

fields.• Grow different things each

season to replenish nutrients.• One field would be left fallow

New Technology contributes to the Agricultural

Revolution

• Jethro Tull invents the SEED DRILL– Rather than throwing seed all over

field– Created spaced rows with seeds at

precise depth. Result = Less waste, greater output

Modern Seed Drill

Livestock Improvements

• How do you get the best offspring?

• Only allow the best animals to breed.

• Increased average weight of lambs from 18 to 50 lbs.

Why was there an Industrial Revolution?

• Agricultural improvements led to more food. More food led to more people because there was a surplus and they could sustain life.

• Simple equation: More people = more products.

Land, Labor, Capital!• Abundant natural resources–Water and coal for powering new

engines– Iron ore to create tools, machines,

buildings– Rivers for transportation within

Britain– Harbors for trade abroad• Large population

Land Labor Capital

Land, Labor, Capital!• Economy expanding – people

willing to invest in new businesses.

• Developed banking system provided loans to start new business.

• Demand for goods is high overseas.

• Political stability.

Metals, Woolens, & Canals

Metals, Woolens, & Canals

Textile Industry leads the way• Flying shuttle doubled work of

weavers

• Spinning Jenny allows 8 threads to be worked at once

• Water wheels/Grist Mills are used to harness hydro power for the spinning wheels

• Spinning Mule – produced stronger thread

The Birth of the Factory

•All of these machines were too big for homes•Factories are needed to house the equipment!

James Watt’s Steam Engine

James Watt’s Steam Engine

Steam TractorSteam Tractor

Steam ShipSteam Ship

An Early Steam Locomotive

An Early Steam Locomotive

The Impact of the Railroad

The Impact of the Railroad

In your notes….• Make a list of 3 inventions that you

would have a difficult time living without because each makes life easier or more enjoyable.

• Make a list of 3 inventions that aren’t really necessary – you aren’t sure you see the point of them.

• What are the positive effects of these inventions, what are the negative consequences? Discuss.

Essential Question to be considering…

• Did the Industrial Revolution bring true progress to the world? Yes or no, and why?

ASSEMBLY LINE

What would you see, hear, smell, taste, feel?

The Factory SystemThe Factory System

Rigid schedule (6 days/week).Rigid schedule (6 days/week).

12-14 hour day.12-14 hour day.

Low wages.Low wages.

Dangerous conditions.Dangerous conditions.

Mind-numbing monotony.Mind-numbing monotony.

Factory Assembly Line Simulation

• We will be creating outstanding paper trucks!

ReflectionYou just got home from a hard day

at the factory. You are hungry, exhausted, and ready for bed. You

decide to jot down a paragraph entry in your diary about your

experiences at the factory today before you go to bed.

Environmental Impact of Industrialization & Urbanization

What impact did the I.R. have on the environment?

Industrialization impacts life!

Industrialization impacts life! • People shifted from rural

communities to cities. This results in Urbanization (massive growth of population and building in the cities).

• People had a steady (low) income but they were clearly the “have nots”.

Living Conditions in the Cities• No sanitary codes AND No building codes –

entire families could live in one room.• Crowded living conditions bring filth & disease

(no indoor plumbing)• Most streets have no drains and collected

heaps of garbage• Shortage of schools for low income kids so

they end up going to work in the factories too.

Tenement houses appear• Tenement Houses:

Run-down & overcrowded homes where the poor lived in industrial cities

Results of these Living Conditions:• Sickness widespread.• Cholera epidemics.• Short life expectancy

Working Conditions are brutal• On average, most worked 14 hours a

day, 6 days a week, for extremely low pay.

• Dark, dirty, dangerous conditions• No compensation for injuries• Frequent accidents (see Triangle Shirtwaist factory

fire in Favorites)• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle_Shirtwaist_Factory_fire

Check For Understanding: Think-Pair-Share

• Describe the LIVING and WORKING conditions experienced during the Industrial Revolution.

• One partner: explains living conditions

• The other partner: explains working conditions!

Warm up or Closure

1.) Define urbanization, tenement housing.

2.) Describe how the growth of urbanization affected the environment and living conditions of the people.

In your notes….• Segue to Child Labor

• Describe a job you have held. What were the “bad” elements of this job?

• If you have never had a job, what are some of the “bad” elements of school?

Child Labor EmergesChild Labor Emerges• Children as young as 6 years old are employed by

factory owners.• Their small bodies could reach small parts of

machinery (textile mills) & fit into small tunnels in coal mines.

• Kids are forced into work to help family survive

• Go to p. 252 to “Interact with history”

Child Labor Video Clip

Go to Child Labor Gallery and Chart

Hine Report (he traveled between 1908-1912 documenting the lives of child

laborers in the US)*Read Cotton Mills of Mississippi and answer questions

• Questions about the Hine Report• • 1. Why did Hine make "quiet visits?"• 2. Why did he visit during "working hours", "noon-hours" and

"around homes?"• 3. What kind of information would Hine collect from the children?• 4. Why did Hine keep such accurate records?• 5. Why did Mr. Mitchell move to Meridian, Mississippi?• 6. Why is the statement "miles from any railroad" important?• 7. How would you describe the Mitchell household?• 8. Do you think the Mitchell story is typical? Why or Why not?

“People of the world unite, you have nothing to lose but your chains”

If you were born into this class in India, you were stuck in it!

• Vaishyas• Dalits• Kshudras• Brahmins• Kshatriyas

• Assign groups in class and ask them to Assign groups in class and ask them to predict where they fall in the hierarchypredict where they fall in the hierarchy

Here are the people that made up these groups….

remember you couldn’t move out of them

• Vaishyas (business owners)• Dalits (untouchables)• Kshudras/Sudras (servants)• Brahmins (teachers/priests)• Kshatriyas (kings/warriors)

Here is the hierarchy of the Indian Caste System

Indian Caste System video clip

A new class system arises as a result of the I.R. in Great

BritainUpper class – Landowners, lords, well-to-do merchants ,

shippers, and factory owners – wealthy lifestyle

• Upper Middle Class – Government employees, • doctors, lawyers, managers of factories

• Lower Middle Class – Factory managers and • skilled workers

• Lower Class - Poor – Factory Workers

Demand vs. Command• What do you think the differences are? Just look at

the words themselves.

1. Demand system (US - Capitalism):It is what we have set up here in the US.The consumers (you and me) dictate/demand what kinds of products are going to be supplied to us. Hence, we have a “supply and demand” system.

2. Command system (Socialism and Communism):This is what we saw in the former Soviet Union.The government dictates what the consumers will be supplied with in terms of products.

The 3 major economic systems (apologies to Traditional System-3rd world)

• Capitalism (free market economy…also considered Mixed)System of free enterprise/private ownership

• Socialism (mixed economy)Some private ownership/some government ownership (e.g.

banks, post offices…..). Also, free health care, day care….

• Communism (fixed economy)No private ownership/no public input/no free enterprise

Capitalism vs. Socialism video clip

Turn to p. 267-272 and complete graphic organizer

Industrialization By 1850

Industrialization By 1850

Railroads on the Continent

Railroads on the Continent

Share in World Manufacturing

Output: 1750-1900

Share in World Manufacturing

Output: 1750-1900