Modernizing America From the Wild West to the Big City 1860
1920
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The American West The Second Industrial Revolution Life at the
Turn of the Century
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Go West! Why?
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Sioux Cheyenne Nez Perce Apache Whites
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U.S. Policy From forced removal (Jackson 1830) To forced
relocation to reservations and then
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Conflict Culture Nomad lifestyle of Plains Indians Land should
not be owned Buffalo Center of Indians life Use everything for life
Whites herd them and kill for hides and sport
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War Sandy Creek Massacre 150 women and children Battle of
Little Big Horn Sitting Bull defeats Custer Wounded Knee
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Sitting Bull and George Custer
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Native American Warriors
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Wounded Knee Custers old cavalry slaughters Sioux tribe while
doing Ghost Dance. Marched them freezing to camp. Shot fired; 300
dead. END of Indian wars.
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U.S. Policy From forced removal (Jackson 1830) To forced
relocation to reservations and thenassimilation
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Laws Dawes Act End Reservation system Make Indians land owners
160 acres to head of family 80 to single over 18
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Mining and Ranching Wild Wild West
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Cowboys Herded Texas longhorns up to Great Plains. Loaded on a
train to be shipped to Chicago. WHY? Growing demand for beef in the
East because cities expanding.
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Cowboys and Wild West Dodge City, KS Tombstone, AZ Billy the
Kid Doc Holliday Wyatt Earp Buffalo Bill
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Immortalizing the West E.Z. Judson writer or dime novels
Iconized the wild west
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End of the Cowboy Barbed wire Refrigerated railcar
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Railroads Railroads open the west Irish and Chinese immigrants
primary labor Transcontinental railroad connects a Promontory
Point, Utah
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Big Business of Railroads 1865 - 35,000 miles of track 1900
193,000 miles of track Greatest impact on America Economy National
market Mass consumption production Specialization New industries
Connects east and west Encourages travel
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Railroads Companies B & O Pennsylvania (Reading) New York
Make rails compatible Consolidate competition
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Questions Who should own the railroads? Private businessmen or
the government?
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Railroad Politics Corrupt Railroads Consolidated rails price,
gouged and took bribes. Small farmers were charged high rates Big
farmers paid bribes
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Farming Problems
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Life on the Great Plains Exodusters-black settlers. Soddy-
house made out of grass and sod.
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Changes in Farming Commercialization Small farmer driven out of
business Buy household goods Sears and Roebuck catalogs
Specialization Concentrate on one large cash crop
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Farming is Big Business Bonanza farms-large farms Hurt smaller
farms Cant compete.
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Prices hurt Farmers Machinery expensive-took out loans.
Household good go up. Railroads raise rates Prices for crops began
to fall 1870s. Wheat Corn 1867 $2.00 $.78 1889.70.23
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Farmers Organize Form the Farmers Alliances- educate farmers
and lobby the govt. National Grange Movement Oliver H. Kelly
Political Actions Granger Laws passed in states Control railroad
short haul rates
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States can regulate short haul or inside state hauling but what
about across state lines?
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Laws Interstate Commerce Act Sets up ICC that could investigate
and penalize Unreasonable and unjust rates or any discriminatory
practices by railroads.
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List and explain 2 ways the railroads impacted the U.S.
Economy? List and explain 2 ways farming changed and the problems
farmers face