Modes of Rhetorical Development. Division or Analysis Terms are interchangeable Terms are interchangeable Allows you to slice a large or complicated subject

Modes of Modes of Rhetorical Rhetorical

DevelopmenDevelopmentt

Division or AnalysisDivision or Analysis

Terms are interchangeableTerms are interchangeable Allows you to slice a large or Allows you to slice a large or

complicated subject into smaller complicated subject into smaller parts that you can grasp and relate parts that you can grasp and relate to one anotherto one another

Allows you to comprehend – and Allows you to comprehend – and communicate – the structure of communicate – the structure of thingsthings


Allows you to find in the parts an Allows you to find in the parts an idea or conclusion about the idea or conclusion about the subject that makes it clearer, subject that makes it clearer, truer, more comprehensive, or truer, more comprehensive, or more vivid than before you startedmore vivid than before you started


Figures in all methods of Figures in all methods of developing ideas, for it is basic to developing ideas, for it is basic to any concerted thought, any concerted thought, explanation, or evaluationexplanation, or evaluation

NarrationNarration

Tells a storyTells a story Can be used to:Can be used to:

ExplainExplain Illustrate a pointIllustrate a point Report informationReport information ArgueArgue PersuadePersuade

NarrationNarration

Anecdote: a short account of a Anecdote: a short account of a single event; can be used to single event; can be used to illustrate a pointillustrate a point

Narration helps to make an Narration helps to make an abstract argument concrete abstract argument concrete

NarrationNarration

When considering telling a story, When considering telling a story, ask yourself:ask yourself: What happened?What happened? Who took part?Who took part? When?When? Where?Where? Why did this event take place?Why did this event take place? How did it happen?How did it happen?

DescriptionDescription

Reports what you experience (in Reports what you experience (in terms of your senses rather than terms of your senses rather than as a story)as a story)

Can be used to:Can be used to: Convey information without bias or Convey information without bias or

emotion (objective description)emotion (objective description) To convey information with feeling To convey information with feeling

(subjective description)(subjective description)

DescriptionDescription

Description helps to make your Description helps to make your argument/story concrete for the argument/story concrete for the readerreader

Allows the reader to identify with Allows the reader to identify with what you are writing aboutwhat you are writing about

ExampleExample

Serves to illustrate a Serves to illustrate a generalizationgeneralization

Gives your reader a “for instance”Gives your reader a “for instance” Allows the reader to identify with Allows the reader to identify with

what you are writing aboutwhat you are writing about Helps to make an abstract Helps to make an abstract

argument concreteargument concrete

Compare and ContrastCompare and Contrast

Aids in showing your reader why Aids in showing your reader why you prefer one thing over another you prefer one thing over another (such as in your argument essay, (such as in your argument essay,

where you have to choose one side of where you have to choose one side of an issue to support)an issue to support)


Compare: Compare: points to similaritiespoints to similarities

Contrast: Contrast: points to differencespoints to differences

Purpose of using this method:Purpose of using this method: Showing each of two subjects distinctly by Showing each of two subjects distinctly by

considering both, side by sideconsidering both, side by side Choosing between two things (evaluating Choosing between two things (evaluating

the possibilities)the possibilities)


Organization:Organization: Subject by subjectSubject by subject

E.g. Cherry TomatoesE.g. Cherry Tomatoes– SizeSize– ColourColour– TextureTexture

Grape TomatoesGrape Tomatoes– SizeSize– ColourColour– TextureTexture

Compare and ContrastCompare and Contrast Organization:Organization:

Point by pointPoint by point E.g. SizeE.g. Size

– Cherry TomatoesCherry Tomatoes– Grape TomatoesGrape Tomatoes

ColourColour– Cherry TomatoesCherry Tomatoes– Grape TomatoesGrape Tomatoes

TextureTexture– Cherry TomatoesCherry Tomatoes– Grape Tomatoes Grape Tomatoes


Helps to make an abstract Helps to make an abstract argument concreteargument concrete

Process AnalysisProcess Analysis

Explains step by step how to do Explains step by step how to do something or how something is something or how something is donedone

Takes a complex process and Takes a complex process and divides it into partsdivides it into parts Tells us what happened first, second, Tells us what happened first, second,

third, and so onthird, and so on


Kinds of process analysis:Kinds of process analysis: DirectiveDirective InformativeInformative


Directive:Directive: Explains how to do something or make Explains how to do something or make

somethingsomething E.g. how to set the timer on the stoveE.g. how to set the timer on the stove

Informative:Informative: Explains how something is done or Explains how something is done or

how it takes placehow it takes place E.g. how the Grand Canyon came to beE.g. how the Grand Canyon came to be


Needs a thesis Needs a thesis What is the point of the process analysis? What is the point of the process analysis?

Why are you bothering to tell readers Why are you bothering to tell readers about it?about it?

Be sure to define any technical terms Be sure to define any technical terms or jargonor jargon

Use time markers to note transitions Use time markers to note transitions in the processin the process I.e. First, . . . Next you add . . .I.e. First, . . . Next you add . . .



ClassificationClassification

Makes sense of things by arranging Makes sense of things by arranging many units into more manageable many units into more manageable groupsgroups

Sort things into groups or classes based Sort things into groups or classes based on similarities and differenceson similarities and differences

Must have a purpose (or why would you Must have a purpose (or why would you do it?) and principle of classification do it?) and principle of classification (how you form your groupings) reflects (how you form your groupings) reflects that purposethat purpose

ClassificationClassification

Useful when you want to impose Useful when you want to impose order on a complex subjectorder on a complex subject

Cause and EffectCause and Effect

Asks why (or what if) something Asks why (or what if) something happened and what followed (or happened and what followed (or could follow) as a resultcould follow) as a result

Considers reasons and resultsConsiders reasons and results

Cause and EffectCause and Effect To help find causes of actions and events, To help find causes of actions and events,

ask:ask: What act am I trying to explain? (act)What act am I trying to explain? (act) What is the character, personality, or mental What is the character, personality, or mental

state of whoever acted? (actor)state of whoever acted? (actor) In what scene or location did the act take place, In what scene or location did the act take place,

and in what circumstances? (scene)and in what circumstances? (scene) What instruments or means sis the person use?What instruments or means sis the person use?

(agency)(agency) For what purposes did the person act? (purpose)For what purposes did the person act? (purpose)

Cause and EffectCause and Effect

Be sure to state your purpose of Be sure to state your purpose of using the cause and effect method using the cause and effect method in your thesis statementin your thesis statement


DefinitionDefinition

Short definition:Short definition: Used to clarify subject and subject Used to clarify subject and subject

terms for readerterms for reader usually gives dictionary definitionusually gives dictionary definition

Stipulative definition:Stipulative definition: Fuller explanation of a central term Fuller explanation of a central term

that stipulates or specifies the that stipulates or specifies the particular way you are using the termparticular way you are using the term


Extended definition:Extended definition: Application of a variety of methods Application of a variety of methods

already mentioned to clarify a already mentioned to clarify a purposepurpose

Tries to Tries to showshow a reader its subject a reader its subject Established boundaries by Established boundaries by

differentiating the subject from differentiating the subject from anything that might be confused with anything that might be confused with itit



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Modes of Rhetorical Development. Division or Analysis Terms are interchangeable Terms are interchangeable Allows you to slice a large or complicated subject