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7/27/2019 Modon Design Guidelines Industrial
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KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIASAUDI ORGANIZATIONFOR INDUSTRIAL ESTATES & TECHNOLOGY ZONES
PLANNING AND DESIGN GUIDELINESFOR
DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ESTATES
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DevelopmentofIndustrialEstates,Planning,andDesignGuidelinesTableofContents
Subject P.No. Introduction 1
Section1 Studies and plans consultant of specific industrial estate developer
shouldsubmit
5
11 Technicalreportrelatedtoplanningandeconomicstudies 5
111 Identifyingtheessentialneedsandrequirements 5
112 Siteanalysis 6
113 Masterplanoftheindustrialestate 7
114 Provisionofutilitiesandservicesthroughthedetailedplan 7
12 Alistoffigures,plansandmastermapsprovidedtoSOIETZ 7
13 Proceduresofpreparingplansoftheindustrialestate 9
Section2 Principlesofsettingup themasteranddetailedplanof the industrial
estate
10
21 Masterplanoftheindustrialestate 10
211 Identifyingpatternoftheurbanstructure 10
212 Alternatives of the possible solutions for planning of the industrial
estateand
selecting
the
optimum
option
13
213 Transitionalgrowthplanoftheindustrialestate 14
22 Detailedmasterplan 15
221 Landsubdivision 20
222 Urbandesign 22
223 Planofsitelandscaping 23
224 Designplans 24
225 Buildingcodesplan 24
226 Executiveprograms 25
Section3
Principles,rates,
and
standards
of
planning
and
design
27
31 Principles of identifying general distribution of land uses within the
industrialestate
27
311 Principlesof thespatialdistribution for industrialactivitieswithin the
industrialestate
27
312 Determining relationship of factories with the other uses in the
industrialestate
34
313 Determining relationship of the industrial estatewith the green and 34
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openspaces
314 Distributionoflanduseswithintheindustrialestate 37
32
Principlesand
standards
of
services
and
utilities
40
321 Identifyingthenecessaryservicesfortheindustrialestate 40
322 Settingupprogramsandstandardsofservices 42
323 Distributionofservices 44
324 Distributionofserviceusesproportions 44
33 Standardsofplanninganddesignoftheroadnetwork 45
331 Determiningofthetrafficstudyrequirements 45
332 Principlesandconsiderationsofplanningof the roadnetwork for the
industrialestate
45
333
Designof
the
general
structure
of
the
road
network
and
its
hierarchy
46
334 Designprinciplesoftheroadnetworkfortheindustrialestate 47
335 Designprinciplesofthelightingnetworkfortheroads 57
34 Designstandardsandprinciplesoftheparkingareas 58
341 Determiningofparkingarearequirements
342 Principles of determining requirements of the parking areas in the
industrialestate
58
343 Designprinciplesofparkingareas 58
35 Designprinciplesofpublicutilities 60
351 Determiningofutilityrequirements 60
352 Principlesandstandardsoftheservicesandutilitiesnetworksneeded
intheindustrialestate
60
353 Principles and considerations of designing storm water drainage
network
63
354 Principlesandconsiderationsofdesigningfeedingnetworksofdrinking
waterandwaterforindustry
63
355 Principlesand considerationsofdesigningwastewaterand industrial
wastetreatment
plants
67
356 Principlesandconsiderationsofdesigningcommunicationsnetwork 75
357 Principlesandconsiderationsofdesigningpowerdistributionnetwork 77
358 Principlesandconsiderationsofdesigninggasnetwork 79
36 Principlesandstandardsofplanningemployeehousing 81
37 Principlesandstandardsofdesigningcentralservicebuildings 81
371 Entrancesoftheroadsandfrontage 82
372 Rulesofdensity 82
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373 Requirementsofheight 82
374 Usagefactor 82
375
Parkingareas
83
376 Standardsandrequirementsoflandscaping 83
38 Requirementsofsecurityandsafetyintheindustrialestate 84
Section4 Technicalappendices 86
Appendix1 Guiding rates for land area allocated for factories according to their
type
86
Appendix2 Guideofenvironmentimpactsassessmentfortheprojectofsettingup
anindustrialestate
89
Appendix3 Standardsofindustrialwasteanddetailsofindustrialwastetreatment
processesfor
some
industries
95
Appendix4 Protectiondegreesforelectricalappliancesagainstentranceofforeign
objectsandwater
103
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Tables
Table Description P.No.1 Indicativelandusesproportionsintheindustrialestate 13
2 Gradationofallowableroadnetworkintheindustrialestate 48
3 Maximumlimitofthesidetiltandradiiofcurvesintheindustrialestate 56
4 Parkingareaplacesaccordingtolanduses 59
5 The required placeswith vehicle dimensions for parking areas in the
industrialestate
60
6
Basic
American
standards
as
maximum
limits
for
drinking
water
in
terms
ofmicrobialpollutants 64
7 Standardsofhealth hazardous substances thatmustnotexceed their
limitsindrinkingwater(mg/l)
65
8 Specific standards foroutputwater flowafter treatment for industrial
usesanddrinkingwater
70
9 Maximumpollutionloadsinliquidpollutantsforbasicindustries 71
10 Specimenandtypeofanalysisofindustrialliquidwastes 72
11 Typeofanalysesrequiredforindustrialwastes 72
12
Maximumrated
current
for
1000
k.v
cables
79
13 Maximumratedcurrentfor13.8k.vcables 80
14 Maximumratedcurrentfor33k.vcables 80
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FiguresFigure
Description
P.No.
1 Designstagesofplanningunits 17
2 Stagesoftheestategrowth 18
3 Controlsofdevelopment 26
4 Distributionofthegeneralstructureoflanduses 29
5 Determiningtherelationshipoffactorytypeswitheachother 31
6 Proposedprinciplesfordistributionofindustrialactivities 36
7 Distributionofusesintheindustrialestate 39
8 Carparking 49
9
Visualizationof
road
network
structure
50
10 Roadsections 53
11 Measurementsofthehorizontalprojectionsandwidthoflanesforcars 55
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1
Introduction:
The main purpose of the Saudi Organization for Industrial Estates and
TechnologyZones(SOIETZ)isplanningspecifiedindustrialestatesinthe
Kingdom,encouraging
their
establishment,
development,
management,
maintenance, and supervising. This includes issuing rules and
specifications, performance standards, and the measures related to
establishment of industrial estates, their development, management,
commissioning,andmaintenance.
Based on article eighteen of the regulation issued upon the cabinet
decree number (235) dated 27/7/1422H: No establishment of any
industrial
facilities
or
management,
development,
commissioning,
or
maintaining thereof will be done unless after approval of the
Organization. The Saudi Organization for Industrial Estates and
TechnologyZones(SOIETZ)alsoissuesthenecessarylicensescontaining
controls and conditions. Based on article twenty, licenses for
development and commissioning of the specified industrial estates
includethefollowing:
Landuseswithinthespecifiedindustrialestates. The developer or operator should provide the necessary
infrastructures, utilities, and services in the industrial estate and
maintainthemtobefitforcommissioningitefficiently.
Ensure compliance with the specifications and performancestandardsindicatedintheregulations.
Basedon
article
(11)
of
the
executive
regulation
for
organizing
the
Saudi
Organization for Industrial Estates and Technology Zones (SOIETZ)
approved by Board of Directors decree number (5/2003) dated
3/12/1423H concerning bases of determining specified site or lands to
be a specified industrial estate that should be taken into consideration
including:
Theexistinglanduseanddistributionoftheindustriallands.
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2
Environmentalimpactsresultedfromallocationofthelandorthesite for the industrial activity, and the available practical
procedures to mitigate these impacts and risks associated to
allocatingthelandorsite.
Levelofservicesavailableinthelandorsite,alongwiththesocialindicators and costs implied in supplying the required
infrastructure.
Areaofavailable landorsite inrelationtothecurrentneedsandthenecessaryareaforexpansioninthefuture.
Article (12) of the executive regulation stated as part of site
developmentcondition forexample:
Mattersrelatedtospecialenvironmentalorplanningcontrols. Constraintstotheallowedactivitiesinthelandorsite. Thepossibledensityofdevelopment. Areaofthelandorsitethatcouldbeincludedinthedevelopment
contract.
Article (15) of the special executive regulation stated as part of license
conditionsthattheymustcontainwithoutlimitation:
The minimum and maximum limits of areas and theenvironmentalconditions.
Allowableworksinthesite. Timescheduleforstagesofdevelopmentandfinance. Any other conditions specified by the Saudi Organization for
IndustrialEstatesandTechnologyZones(SOIETZ).
Therefore, this guide was prepared to set out the technical aspects in
theprocessofplanninganddesignfordevelopmentofindustrialestates,
and to comply with the basic regulation of the Saudi Organization for
Industrial
Estates
and
Technology
Zones
(SOIETZ)
and
its
executive
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3
regulation.Theguideiscomposedoffoursectionstofacilitatehandling
anddealingwithit.Thesesectionsareasfollows:
Section1:Reportofstudiesthatshouldbesubmittedbythedeveloper's
consultantincluding
the
following:
Technicalreportconcerningthe industrialestateand itsneedsofservicesanddevelopmentstages.
Alistofdrawingsincludingplansandgeneralmapsthatshouldbepresented.
Alistofproceduresforpreparingplansoftheindustrialestateandapproving
them.
Section 2: which indicates principles of setting up the general and
detailedplansfortheindustrialestateincluding:
Principlesofsettingupthemasterplanoftheindustrialestates. Principlesofsettingupthedetailedplan
Section
3:
which
indicates
principles
and
standards
of
planning
and
designoftheindustrialestatetoserveasguidelinesincluding:
Principles of determining the general distribution of land uses intheindustrialestate.
Principlesandstandardsofservicesandfacilities. Principles and standards of planning and design of the road
network
and
lighting
of
the
road
network.
Principlesandstandardsofdesigningcarparking. Principles of designing public utilities (storm water discharge
networks water networks sanitary drainage networks
communicationsnetworkselectricitynetworks).
Principles and standards of designing central service buildings(mosque
administration
police
civil
defense
medical
dispensarycommercialservicesworkshopwarehouse).
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4
Section4:whichindicatestechnicalappendicesessentiallyrelatedtothe
industrialestateincluding:
Ratesoflandareasforfactories. Guide of environmental impacts assessment of the industrial
estateestablishmentproject.
Standards of industrial waste water discharge and details ofindustrial waste water treatment coming out from factories for
some industries and standards of output of treatment for
industrialusesand irrigationusesforgreenspacesandstandards
ofdrinkingwater.
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Section 1: Studies and plans that should be submitted by the
developersconsultantforspecifiedindustrialestate.
Theconsultantshouldpresentastudyincludingthefollowing:
11 Technicalreportaboutplanningandeconomicstudies:Thereportshouldcontainobjectives,benefits,andadvantagesof
the project and its economic feasibility. The following are the
elements and components of the technical report related to
planning of the industrial estate which will be submitted to the
Saudi
Organization
for
Industrial
Estates
and
Technology
Zones
(SOIETZ).
111Relation of developing the industrial estatewith the strategicplans:
A Strategyofindustrialestates Fiveyearplansofindustrialdevelopmentandtheirobjectives. HistoricalinductionofdevelopingfactoriesintheKingdom. Currentstatusoftheindustrialestates. Extent of participation and relevance of the project to the
industrialplans.
B Assessmentofdemandvolumeonindustriallands AttheleveloftheKingdom. Atthelevelofthesite. Growthconstituentsoftheindustryatthesitearea.
C Determination of the industrial estate pattern according to theindustrialmixintheregion.
D
Determination
of
types
and
volumes
of
the
industries
to
be
emerged
intheindustrialestate.
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E Determinationoftheemploymentcapabilityoftheindustrialestate.F Assessment of the needed external services (electricity water
sanitary roads housing) and coordination with the agencies
relatedto
these
services.
112 SiteAnalysis:A Principlesofselectingtheindustrialestatesite. Inrelationtositesasindustrialestatesortechnologyzonesowned
bythestate.
In relation to sites as industrial estates owned by the privatesector.
Inrelationtotheadjacentlanduses. Inrelationtoconnectingthesitetothestructuralplans.
B Basicdataandinformationofthesite:(SiteInventory) Identificationofthesite:(Inrelationtotheestate,roadnetwork,
area,and
dimensions).
Identification of the site ownership (public private) andtypeofdevelopment.
Identification of the site natural characteristics: (TopographicGeologicalClimatic).
Identification of the site urban, economic, and socialcharacteristics:
(Existing
and
surrounding
uses,
and
networks
of
theinfrastructure)andtheirrelationtothestructuralplan.
C Potentials and parameters analysis of the site, and inducing theplanning considerations: (Geographic analysis ownership and
development type analysis site natural characteristics analysis
site urban characteristics analysis environmental and visual
impact).
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113DevelopmentofMasterPlanoftheindustrialestate: Identification of the required spaces according to principles and
standardsanddesignrequirements.
Development Program of elements and components of theindustrialestate.
PlanningConceptsAlternatives(Ideaofdistributingservices,roadnetworks,anduses).
Distributionoftheregionlandusesonthemasterplan.
Setting
up
phases
plan
for
growth
of
the
industrial
estate.
114 SubmittaloftheDetailedMasterPlanforutilitiesandservices: RoadandTransportationProfilesandSections LandSubdivision. UrbanDesign. Landscape. Detailed plans of the master plan (roads pavement lighting
stormwaterdischargenetworkswaterandsanitarynetworks
electricity networks communications networks residential
buildingscentralservicebuildingsgardenlandscapingetc).
Zoningplan:(DevelopmentRequirements). ExecutivePlan.
12 List of drawings of plans and general maps presented to theSaudiOrganization for IndustrialEstatesandTechnologyZones
(SOIETZ):
A general site drawing illustrating the plan region submitted asindustrial estate and indicating the current and proposed uses in
the siteandshowingthe usessurroundingto thesubmittedplan
region.
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8
A general site drawing illustrating relationship of the submittedplantotheexistingandproposedinfrastructurenetworksandthe
technical utility units (road network electricity network
telecommunicationsnetworkwaternetworksanitarydrainage
networkpowerplantstreatmentplants).
Survey drawing illustrating topographic and climaticcharacteristics of the site with a special mention to the
outstanding natural elements in the site (hills wadis
watercoursesstormwaterrunoffsdistinctplantsreserves..).
Land uses drawing for the master plan with indicating land usesratios
and
services
with
carrying
out
analysis
using
illustrations
andpercentagetables.
Detailedplansforroads,sections,andcoordinates. Servicesdrawing(mosquesdispensariescommercialbuildings
policeandcivildefensecarparkinggardensetc).
Detailed plan drawing for the site showing industrial landsubdivisions,
their
numbers
and
development
requirements,
road
network, car parking, pedestrian sidewalks, green and open
spaces,andservices.Itshouldillustratetypeofsubdivisions,their
areaanddevelopmentrequirements.
Drawingofroadnetworkandpassagesshowingroadsectionsanddesignrequirementsoftrafficroundabout,corners,andcrossings
with a detailed study of car parking spaces and attracting areas
andanalysis
of
criteria
of
providing
parking
for
industrial
facilities
andserviceelements.
Drawings of infrastructure networks (storm water discharge water, sanitary, electricity, and communications sites of
transformerstationstreatmentplantsandwatertanks).
Drawingsoflaborhousingregion(ifany).
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9
13 Proceduresofpreparingplansoftheindustrialestate: Submitting a report of technical study including planning and
economic aspects and presenting it to the Saudi Organization for
IndustrialEstates
and
Technology
Zones
(SOIETZ).
Preparingtheinitialmasterplanofthesite. Submitting the master plan with the study report to the Saudi
OrganizationforIndustrialEstatesandTechnologyZones(SOIETZ)
forconsiderationanddiscussion.
After approval on the initial master plan is obtained, the following
proceduresare
to
be
done:
Submittingthedetailedmasterplan. Reviewing and approving the detailed master plan by the Saudi
OrganizationforIndustrialEstatesandTechnologyZones(SOIETZ).
Preparing detailed design plans for utilities and facilities thenpresenting them to the Saudi Organization for Industrial Estates
andTechnology
Zones
(SOIETZ).
Reviewing and approving the design plans by the SaudiOrganizationforIndustrialEstatesandTechnologyZones(SOIETZ).
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Section 2: Principles of setting up themaster and detailed plans for
industrialestate:
21MasterPlanoftheindustrialestate:
Themasterplanissetuptoincludethefollowing:
A Zoningordinances.B Landuses.C Utilitynetworks(roadsrainwaterdischargewaterelectricity
communications.etc.).
DPlans of growth phases in terms of volume, flexibility, and the
proposedexecutionphasesbypreparingthemonmapsinsuitable
scale.
211Determiningtheurbanstructurepattern:
Thephaseofpreparingurbanplanningfortheindustrialestaterequires
setting up three design alternatives and considering them to find the
suitablealternativeaccordingtothefollowingcriteriainordertoachieve
theplanningobjectives:
PlanningConceptswhichwillbedoneaccordingtothefollowing:
A Generalanalysisoftheexistingconditionsintheindustrialestate.B Settingupplanningstandardsandrates.C Identifying principles and constituents of planning and targeted
development.
DAnalysisofthesitepotentialsandidentifyingtheoptimumusetoachievethetargetedplanningfortheindustrialestate.
E Identifying the general concepts proposed for planning of theindustrialestate.
Development of the planning concepts for distribution of land uses so
thatthrough
this
step,
the
following
should
be
identified:
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A Thespacesallocatedforfactories.B Therequiredservicesandutilities.C Openandgreenspaces.DVariousroadnetworksandtheirgradation.E Thekeypedestriansidewalks.F Areasallocatedforlaborhousing.
Setting up a program for the project elements and components: which
identifiesthefollowing:
A Theproposedfactorytypes.B Landneedsofsuchfactories.C Serviceandutilityneedsofsuchfactories.DPrinciplesofdesigningthefactories.E Principles of designing each type of the required services and
utilities.
Planningproposals:toexpandanddeveloptheindustrialestatethrough
achievingbalancebetweenrequirementsofurbandevelopmentfactors,
and economic development factors. Based on the specialized studies
(environmentalurbaneconomicsocialetc)potentialsofthesite
are identified, and proposed activities (factories), and their service and
utilityrequirements,showingthefunctionalrelationsbetweenelements
and
components
of
the
project
(factory
types
and
volumes)
and
classifying them into main, medium, and weak relations, based on
homogeneity of uses. Also, based upon identifying these relations,
elementsandcomponentsoftheprojectareassembledbydeducingthe
followingrelations:
A Relations that constitute functional and spatial homogeneousgroups.
B Relationsthatrequiredirectspatialproximityorconnection.
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C Relationsthatcouldbeachievedthroughthemaintrafficcorridorswithpossibilityoftheirdepartingfromeachother.
Based upon these relations, land uses are determined: Principles,
standards,
and
considerations
of
uses
distribution,
their
relations
with
each other, type of the required services (public and private), travel
distancesbetweeneachofthem,areas,andwidthofroadsrequiredfor
each element according to their position in the region so that they
constitute coherent core formation. Regions of different uses and sites
of activity are distributed in the industrial estate according to various
parameters,themostimportantofwhichare:
A Natural,environmental,andurbanparameters.
B Requirementsofdevelopingtheindustrialestate.C Planningconceptandprinciples, and urban planningprogramsof
elementsandcomponents.
DFunctional relations between various elements and componentswitheachothers.
E Executionphasesandintegrationofeachphase.Themainfeaturesoftheurbanplanningareformedthroughintegration
of the project uses and elements, traffic corridors, spaces and green
areas. This integration should result in that all elements perform their
functionsandfindinginteractionamongthedevelopedenvironment.
Landusebudgets
The industrial estate is planned after setting up a general strategy to
provide all industrial and social services and provision of the necessary
publicutilitiestoestablish,manage,andoperatetheestateefficiently.
Table (1) shows land use percentages in the industrial estate for
guidanceondesign.
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Table(1):Guidinglandusepercentagesintheindustrialestate
Landusepercentage%Use
Minimum Maximum Average
Industrialuses
60
70
65
Services 3 7 5
Roadsandcarparking 18 32 25
Greenandopenspaces 3 7 5
212Alternativesofthepossiblesolutions forplanningthe industrial
estateandselectingtheoptimumoption:
A PlanningOptions:
Planningprinciplesandconsiderationsforeachalternative. Identifyingtheplanningcriteria. Advantagesanddisadvantagesofeachalternative.B Assessmentofalternativesandidentifyingtheoptimumoption: Identifying the assessment methodology and elements
(quantitative/qualitative).
Assessment according to natural, environmental, urban,economic,andindustrialprinciplesandconsiderations.
C Developingtheselectedoptimumoption: Identifyinglanduses. Identifyingconceptanddistributionofservicesandtheirtypes. Identifying concept of road network and distribution of car
parkingareas.
Identifyingprinciplesanddesigningofroadsections,roundabouts,radiiofcorners,andintersections.
Identifying
principles
and
methodology
of
designing
car
parking.
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Identifyingrequirementsandbuildingcodesinvariousplots. Identifyingmethodologyoflandscapeinsites.
Preparing
the
accurate
detailed
plan.
Preparing the time schedule for developing and marketing theindustrialestate.
213Transitionalgrowthplanoftheindustrialestate:
Growthoftheindustrialestateshouldincludethefollowingfactors:
A Specificgrowthwithsettingupgeneralframeworkforgrowthandits
phases,
through
which
the
first
phase
of
the
industrial
estate
growth is identified. Figure (1) shows phases of design of the
planning units. Figure (2) illustrates growth phases of the
industrialestate.
B Specificgrowththrougheachphaseofexecutionofthe industrialestateuntilitiscompleted.
C
Reassessment
of
the
growth
plan
according
to
changes
in
reality
withconditionsdifferentfromgrowthrates.
DSpecificgrowththrougheachphaseofexecutionofthe industrialestate with directing growth in the next phases by identifying its
trend.
Thiswouldrequirethefollowing:
Study of growth policies of the industrial estate: which aims at
achievingmultipleobjectives,suchas:
A Achievingflexibilitytomeetthechangingdemand.B Achievinggrowthwiththeleastpossiblecost.C Achievinghighindustrialeconomics.
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Identifyingtheevaluationcriteriaforgrowthalternatives:
A Complying with the general form of the master plan of theindustrialestate.
B Integrationateachphaseofgrowth.C Efficiencyincaseofslowgrowthoftheindustrialestate.DEconomics of infrastructure and integration of the phases with
planningoftheindustrialestateandplanningofnetworks.
E Relationsbetweenlandusesintheindustrialestate.Execution
phases:
a
detailed
time
schedule
should
be
set
up
that
includesthefollowing:
A Settingoutthedifferentphasesforgrowingtheindustrialestate.B Settingupadetailedplanforeachphase:showingthelandtobe
paved and prepared, in addition to utilities and services to be
providedforeachoftheprojectphases.
C Identifyingtheperiod lapsedbytheentire(final)developmentof
theindustrialestate.
22DetailedMasterPlan:
In this stage, detailed plans are prepared which include plans of land
uses and plans of subdivision, and their alternatives and proposals. In
thestageofgeneralplanning,requiredareasareidentifiedaccordingto
principles,standards,anddesignprinciplesthroughthefollowing:
A Areas of land plots: required to be subdivided according tosubdivisionprinciples.
B Numberof landplots:requiredforthe industrialestatebasedonthewholelandareaavailableinconnectiontoratesandcriteria.
C Percentagesoflandplots:fromthedifferentareasrequiredtobeprovidedintheindustrialestate.
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DExecutionphases:theproposedperiodforgrowthoftheindustrialestatebasedonflexibilityofthedesign.
Preparation of the detailed master plan of the industrial estate, which
includesthe
following:
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Figure(1)phasesofdesigningtheplanningunits
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Figure(2)phasesofgrowthoftheindustrialestate
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Figure(2)continued,phasesofgrowthoftheindustrialestate
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221LandSubdivision:
It includes distribution of uses and identifying areas and dimensions
whichareaffectedbytypeoffactoriessinceeachtypeoffactoryhasits
needsof
necessary
area
of
land
plots
that
are
sold
or
rented
to
investors
basedonstandards,principles,andrulesofsubdivision.
Topreparelandsubdivisionplans,planningmoduleshouldbeidentified
for land plots and areas, and the proposed methodology of land
subdivisionintheindustrialestateshouldalsobeindicatedbasedonthe
following:
A Principles of factory classification and their distribution in theregions.
B Specificspecializationinsideeachsubdivisionareaoffactories.C Principlesoftheproposedmodulenetworkanditscharacteristics
andplanninglevels.
Thefollowingareprinciplesofsubdividinggroupsofindustriallandsfor
idealplanningmodules:
The theoretical approach is identified for subdividing factory lands into
groups, each of which represents the area that includes homogeneous
plots in area where each plot is allocated for a factory in the industrial
estate.Therearethreemaintypesofplotgroups:
A Inner plots group bordered by inner distribution roads of theindustrialestate.
B Outer plots group bordered by main traffic roads and arteries intheestate.
C Boundary plots group bordered by roads in the estate andboundariesofthesite.
In order to allocate land for specific factories with certain area, any
group could be subdivided into classes with regular dimensions that
weconsider
subdivision
module
which
we
call
planning
module.
An
industrial project might occupy a number of such planning modules
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accordingtonecessitiesofthefactoractivityneedsandspecialization
standards.
There are also proposed standard measurement dimensions for the
groups
to
meet
the
factory
activity
needs
and
variation
of
the
required areas needed for them and such dimensions are identified
asfollows:
A First group with 75 m depth and 50 m width as minimum (3750m
2).
B Second group with 100 m depth and 65 m width as minimum(6500m
2).
Dimensionsofthesegroupsdependonpossibilityofresubdividingor
assemblinganyofthemaccordingtonecessitiesofthemarketneeds
and its future changes, which achieve maximum flexibility in
subdivision of the group itself. Each group is subdivided into main
modules.Widthofeachoneofsuchmodules isfitwiththewidthof
thegroupitselfandtherequiredareasneededforplots.Throughthis
system,flexibilityisachievedforthe industrialestatesmanagement
on allocating land groups that meet needs of factories of various
activitiesthroughobservingthefollowingcriteria:
A The minimum width of the site should not be less than onemodule.
B Widthoffrontageofthesiteontheroadshouldnotbe lessthanhalfofthegroupdepthandtheratioshouldnotbemorethan2:3
toachieve
maximum
benefit
from
frontages
of
traffic
network
and
therefore,utilityandinfrastructurenetworks.
C The maximum frontage of a site should not be more than itswidth.
DLength of connected groups should not be more than 510modulesifthereisnoplanningnecessityforthis.
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Principlesandcriteriaoflandsubdivisionintheindustrialestate:when
designing areas allocated for factories, subdivision should be made for
land plots witha suitable distribution for the plots areas toprovide for
the varioussized factory buildings. Hence, there should be flexibility in
designing and subdivision of land plots in the industrial estate so that
theycoverdifferentareasoflandplotsthataresuitableforeachtypeof
factories.
Conditions, measurements, and criteria are set up to follow when
designingandsubdividingplotsallocatedforfactoriesasfollows:
A Block lengths: 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 meters and relationshipbetween
block
length
and
width
is
in
ratio
of
3:1.
B Measurementsoflandplots:inratiosof1:2to2:3.C Lengthsandwidthsoftheroadnetwork:(main,branch,inner).DPedestriansidewalks:withnolessthan6meterswidth.
222UrbanDesignoftheindustrialestate:
A Identifying the urban character: where the urban character is a
groupofcomplexattributesthatcharacterizesthesitebyitself.It
includes urban concepts, architectural elements, features of the
siteandtheproposedactivitieswithinit.
B Identifying the design principles: to reach an urban pattern inwhich building requirements are mingled to serve the urban
design as constraints to control development of the industrial
estateresulted
from
it.
C Identifying constraints related to visual shaping such as:landscapingandtreeplantingpassages fenceslandmarks.
D Identifyingconstraintsofurbandesignforthebuiltelements:suchascolorsandarchitecturaldetailsofthebuilding.
E Identifying the public and private uses of lands: so thatinterference
is
done
in
harmony
with
the
general
form
of
the
project.
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F Identifying the architectural elements: to ensure sequence ofspacesandaestheticalelementsofthegeneralform.
GIdentifying the main roads of the region: reviewing the generalideas
of
the
road
network
and
identifying
car
and
truck
parking
areas.
223Planofsitelandscaping:
Preparingaplanofsitelandscapingandtheopenspaces(withasuitable
scale)showing:
A Identifying theobjectives: landscaping should fulfill theproposedfunctional
uses
in
the
proposed
urban
design.
B Identifying trees and shrubs or the suitable palms for each usewhether they are open, buffer, green regions on sides of roads
accordingtothegeneralclimateofthesiteandindustrialestate.
C Identifyingthetechnicalmeansusedinlandscaping.D Identifyingthevariousirrigationsystemswhichincludefulfillment
ofthe
plant
needs
of
water.
Landscaping aims at designing general spaces in sites to suit the
proposedactivities.Thiswillincludethefollowing:
Setting out philosophy of landscaping of the proposed sites: where
landscaping starts with planning the sites and takes part in urban and
architectural aspects and coordinating the whole site in forming the
urbanandenvironmentalplanningconcepts.
Identifying methodology of the proposed work to landscape the sites:
Thiswillincludethefollowingelements:
A Analysisofthesitetorecognizespatialandvisualparametersandpotentials.
B Spatial formulating of the general spaces and the proposedactivities.
C Initialdesignofthegeneralspaces.
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The following is percentages of distributing green spaces, the area of
whichrepresents37%with5%asanaverageforthe industrialestate
areatoserveasaguidewhensettingupthedesign:
A Buffer regionsrepresent4060 %with50% as anaverage ofthe
greenandopenspaces.
B Open gardensrepresent 3050 %with 40 % as an average of thegreenandopenspaces.
C Wastedumpingregionrepresents515%with10%asanaverageofthegreenandopenspaces.
224Design
Drawings:
They include uses distribution plans and identifying areas, dimensions,
andnumberingofthe landplots,preparationofexecutivedrawingsfor
the detailed plan, road and traffic plans, and plans of utility supply
(watersanitarysolidwasteselectricitycommunicationsetc).
225ZoningPlan:
General
requirements
of
front,
back,
and
side
setbacks
are
set
up
for
land subdivisions. Also, height requirements and building percentages
are identifiedaccordingtoplanningrates,criteria,andprinciplesofthe
industrial estate so that they include development controls as follows:
(figure3).
A Building requirements: these building requirements specify form,requirements, and possibility of using the building according to
factory
types.
So,
building
requirements
should
be
prepared
for
everyindustrialestatetosuitneedsanddemandsofitsfactories.
Requirements are identified in terms of setbacks, occupation
percentage, built up density, height, extrusion, fence
characteristics, materials and style of development because they
are related to industrial security and visual view (according to
requirements stated in guide of criteria and requirements for
buildingfactoriesandfacilitiesofassistingindustries).
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B Environmental requirements and industrial security:environmental requirements specify the allowable limits of
environmental hazards to maintain security of labor in the
industrial estate, and if every type of factory has an amount of
output pollution allowable in the surrounding areas, so
environmental requirements for every respective type should be
prepared so that they fit volume and type of output pollution
inside and outside each factory in line with requirements and
standards issued from Presidency of Meteorology and
Environmenttoachieve industrialsafetyfor laborandthosewho
arearoundthefactories.
C Administrative requirements: in terms of obtaining licenses andtimeschedulesforexecutionwhichincludethefollowing:
Policyofsellingorlettingthesitesorindustrialbuildings. Proposedmethodforcontrollinggrowthintheindustrialestate. Proposals related to organizing processes of development and
operatingtheindustrialestate.
Commissioningrequirements. Maintenancerequirements. Wastecollectingrequirements.
226ExecutionPlan:
It
aims
at
identifying
time
schedule
for
execution
of
the
detailed
plan
to
find integrated temporary environment that helps to achieve highest
growth rates. Also, execution programs are linked to financing abilities
ofthedevelopmentprocessesintheindustrialestate.
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Figure(3)DevelopmentControls
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Section3:Planninganddesignprinciples,standards,andrequirements
31 Principles of identifying general distribution of land used in the
industrialestate:
Relationsbetweenvarioususesrelatedtotheindustrialestateshouldbe
recognized. There are three uses and relations from perspective of the
factories,whichare:
First: Industrial uses: which identify factory types' relation with each
others.
Second: Nonindustrial uses in the industrial estate: which identify
factorytypes'
relation
with
non
industrial
uses
in
the
industrial
estate.
Third: Uses surrounding the industrial estate:which identify factory
types'relationwithusesaroundtheindustrialestate.
Figure(4)illustratesdistributionofthegeneralstructureoflanduses
311 Spatial distribution principles for industrial activities in the
industrialestate:
Principlesofidentifyingfactorytypes'relationwitheachothers:
A Studyofsitecharacteristicsforlandplots:intermsofproportionsoflength,width,landplotsarea,setbacks,occupationpercentage,
and heights which are reflected in characteristics of the
homogeneous position, leading to achieving more functional
efficiencyoftheplan.
B Study of utility supply: the more the spatial distribution of
factories is suitable for hierarchy of utility supply, the less costs
areincurredindevelopment.
C Studyofflexibilityofindustrialuses:accordingtofactorytypesinthe industrial estate, where flexibility of amending usage is
between two different uses and appears through proximity
regionsbetweenfactories.Itcouldbealsoaregionofmixeduses
throughproximity
regions
between
factories.
It
could
be
as
well
a
regionofmixedusesoffactories.
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DOrganizingthespatialrelationshipbetweendifferentfactories:byidentifying factory types according to their needs of land and
infrastructure based on determining their characteristics and
consequently, spatial relationship between different types of
factoriesasfollows:
Pollution: factories having similar environmental characteristicsshould be assembled in a place that is suitable for needs and
features of such factories to reduce costs of environment
protection.
Linkage: linkage and integration relationship between suchfactories
should
be
identified
in
terms
of
spatial
distribution
of
factories.
E Identifying the standards of assembling compatible andhomogeneous factories:
Threeassemblylevelsshouldbeidentified,namely:(seefigure5)
Inevitable or possible assembly for activities of interacting andhomogeneous
factories.
Refusedassemblyforfactoriesofconflictingactivities.
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Figure(4)distributionofgeneralstructureforlanduses
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Figure(4)continued
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Figure(5)Identifyingrelationshipoffactorytypeswitheachothers
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There is a group of considerable criteria and principles for assembly of
relevant factories activities within the sites allocated for factories as
follows:
First:Assembly
according
to
nature
of
production
and
its
requirements
including:
A Assembly according to required area: factories with nearly sameareasshouldbeassembledinassemblyframetoachievesomekind
offlexibilityinplanningofthegroupsandplotsallocatedforvarious
factories.
B Assembly according to activity: a consideration should be given toapplication of the three assembly levels; interactive, compatible,
and conflicting, so that there is separation between factories of
different activities and assembling factories having similar or
integratedactivitiestogetbestbenefitfromproductionintegration.
C Assemblyaccordingtoneedsoffutureexpansion:someactivitiesofmediumand largefactoriesrequireflexibility inpossibleexpansion
and growth in the future. Therefore, factories with similar
expansionrequirementsshouldbeassembledinacertainregion.
Second:Assemblyaccordingtonatureofproductanditsrequirements
of transportandstorage: Some types of factories require sites directly
connected to transport arteries, traffic networks, and main roads for
marketing purposes. This can be achieved by assembling types of
factories inadjacencyorproximitytofacilitateflowoftransport,cargo,
andstorage,aswellastofacilitateroadtrafficandnetworks.
Third:Assemblyaccordingto labor: intensivelabor factories should be
adjacent and at near distances from the main or secondary service
centersintheindustrialestate.
Fourth: Assembly according to operation technologies and
requirements:somefactoryactivitieswithhighoradvancedtechnology
require quality of servicesandutilities,which necessitates allocationof
assemblysites
for
such
factories
to
provide
higher
economic
efficiency
fromutilityandinfrastructurenetworks.
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Fifth:Assemblyaccordingtositepotentials,including:
AAssemblyaccordingtoenvironmentalandclimaticparameters: fullseparationshouldbeachievedbetweenfactoriesaffectingnegatively
onenvironment
whether
in
terms
of
pollution
resulted
from
vapors,
odors, or noise pollution etc from those noncausing pollution
factories or those in need of clean external ambience. Therefore,
factories are assembled according to their conditions and
environmental requirements taking into account prevailing wind
directioninthesitetoavoidtransferofpollutionoutput.
BAssemblyaccordingtonaturalandtopographicparameters:factoryactivities
require
flat
sites
with
natural
tilt
(slope
percentage)
of
no
morethan3%sothattheyfitnatureofproductionactivityitself.Tilt
percentage mayreach 5%especially in mountainous land thatoften
fits in case of large factories. Therefore, limited and small activities
should be assembled in flat sites where contour and topographic
natureofthesesitesallowsdevelopingandgrowingofsuchfactories.
CAssemblyaccording tourbanpotentialsandconditionsof thesite:activities
and
industries
should
be
assembled
in
a
manner
that
is
linkedandcompatiblewiththeurbanpotentialsavailable inthesite
and its urban scope of transport and traffic networks, services, or
utilities.
Through identification of these proposed criteria and principles
concerning assembling and allocating sites for factory activities in the
industrialestate,typesofindustrialactivitiescanbedetermined(nature
ofproduction
type
of
product
labor
required
levels
of
production
technology) and recognizing parameters and potentials of the site and
location.Fromallthis,weconcluderesultstoestablishaclassificationto
assembletypesofactivitiesorseparatethemincertainassemblyregions
according to assembly levels. Therefore, site of such activity can be
identified in assemblyregions,thematterwhichnecessitatespreparing
detailed lists of factories that can be established and identifying the
suitableoradequatesitesfortheminexecutivephasesoftheproject.
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To identify the general assembly plan for sites of factory activities, the
alternative relationship should be analyzed between factory types
accordingtoassemblylevelsandspecificrequirementsofeachofthese
industrialactivities.Animagecanbedrawnforalternativeandassembly
relationshipsoffactorylistsandtheiractivitygroups.Thiscouldachieve
planningefficiencywithconsideringsufficientflexibilityinthatapproach
and its relevance to the transitional executive potentials or at
completing development of the integrated industrial estate. Figure (6)
illustratestheproposedprinciplesfordistributingindustrialactivities.
312 Identifyingrelationshipbetweenfactorytypesandotheruses in
theindustrialestate:
This relationship is identified through characteristics and needs of
factorytypeslinkedtosuchuses.Sincetheseusesareidentifiedinkinds
ofbasicservices(whicharelaborandmanagementservices,securityand
safety services, and equipment maintenance services), then by sorting
out factory types in terms of linkage with each type, relationship
betweenfactorytypesandservicescouldbeidentified.
313Identifying
relationship
between
the
industrial
estate
and
green
andopenspaces:
Green and open spaces are allocated for protecting or maintaining the
surrounding uses against detrimental impact of the near factories.
Therefore, green belts should be established between selected site of
the industrial estate and the adjacent uses or leaving an open space.
Specifications and types of trees that should be used for this purpose
mustbe
identified
as
follows:
A Trees should be evergreen and not deciduous to eliminate andalleviatepollutionharmsresultedfromfactoriesofalltypesaround
theyear.
B These trees and plants should be characterized by resisting harmsresulted from factories which are summarized as follow:
Windbreaks, droughtresistant, heatresistant, sand and dust
resistant.
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C Thesetreesshouldbeoftypesthatgrowinsandysoilandshouldbesalttolerant.
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Figure(6)Proposedprinciplesfordistributingindustrialactivities
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Thefollowingareforestation(treeplanting)usesinindustrialestates:
Using forestation as a protecting green belt that separates theindustrialestatefromtheurbanbodyofthecity.
Using forestation to purify air from carbon dioxide and extractpureoxygen.
Using forestation to purify air from harmful gases (such as nitricoxideandsulfurdioxide).
Using forestation to purify air from dust that is spread in theatmosphereofindustrialestates.
Usingforestationtoremoveradioactivesubstances. Usingforestationtoeliminatestenchesfromatmosphere. Usingforestationtofixsoilandreducepollution. Usingforestationinalleviatingnoise.
314Distributionoflandusesintheindustrialestate:
Inner distribution of land uses can be identified in the industrial estate
especiallytheindustrialfacilitiesasfollows:figure(7).
A Distribution of different factories with large truck sizes near themain roads: especially the factories that deal with cheap, heavy
weight,orlargevolumerawmaterialssothattoremoveburdenof
trafficoftruckstransportingrawmaterialsfromtheroadnetworkin
the
region.
B Achievinghighestpossibledegree of integration betweendifferentfactories which encourages more to specialization in industrial
processes and provide the opportunity to develop used
technologiesandenhanceproductionquality.
C Achievingfunctionalinterdependence,aspossible,betweenfactorysitesandcommercialstores,aswellasthenecessaryservices,thus
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achieving the necessary dynamic to the success of the industrial
estate.
DSeeking to achieve the highest degree of flexibility in allocatingspaces
to
fulfill
the
various
needs
of
industrial
facilities,
without
prejudice to the urban planning of the various sectors of the
industrialestatethroughselectingsuitableplanningmodules.
E Takeintoaccountthatthespatialorderofthepatternsofmediumandsmallfactoriesisfromnorthtosouthasfollows,forexample:
Foods factories, then wooden products factories, then metalproductsfactories,thenchemicalproductsfactories.
It is preferred to establish a special block or a model group foreach industrial pattern, which should include varied sizes of
factories(mediumsmall)throughselectingthesuitableplanning
modules. Take into account that distribution of industrial facility
sizes in each industrial pattern is done in a way so that sites of
smaller sizes come near the inner roads, and that of larger sizes
comeonthemainroadsindirectionofpotentialexpansionofthe
industrialestate.
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Figure(7)
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F Take into account tochoose servicesites on the regionalroadfor:first: because they will represent urban interface of the industrial
estate, second: their site will be in line with the natural gradation
requiredtoachievethemultiplefunctionsoftheindustrialestate.
32Principlesandstandardsofservicesandfacilities
321Identificationofthenecessaryservicesfortheindustrialestate:
The industrial estate should be provided with central service units
(technical economic social general) with determining these
proposed services in the industrial estate, in terms of quantity and
quality, for the factory labors, and this should be according to the
technicalandplanningconsiderations.
Therefore,providetheminimumlogisticservicesintheindustrialestate.
Services that should be provided for the industrial estate are classified
intothefollowing:
Technicalindustrialservices:whicharefocusingproductionprocessesby
work of some equipment necessary for one factory in an isolated unit
separatedfrom
the
rest
of
factories.
Such
services
should
be
localized
in
theindustrialestatetoservethefactories.Theycanbedividedinto:
A Services having commercial, large size nature: that can not beacquired by a single factory alone due to their huge size and its
inabilitytoutilizeitwithitsfullcapacitylikethermaltreatment.
B Services having supply nature: like equipment workshop, testlaboratory,andcalibrationlaboratory.
The following are the technical industrial services that should be
provided in service centers in industrial estates, taking into
considerationthatservicetypedependsontypeanddistributionofthe
factoryactivityintheindustrialestates.
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Technicalandeconomicservices:
A Workshops,repair,andmaintenancecenters:(workshopscentralworkshops for maintenance and repair of industrial equipment
equipmentletting
centers
industrial
facilitation
center
a
variety
ofworkshops).
B Ideal and educational service center for industrial guidance(description and explanation center vocational training center
industrial consulting center research and information center
headquarters of "Industrial Control" and Saudi Arabian Standards
Organization"SASO").
C Storing services(oilreservoirswarehousesandstoresofgoodscentralstoresavarietyofwarehouses)
DMarketingservices(marketingofficesmarketingshowrooms.)E Utility services (hot and cold water generating plant pumping
stations,disposal,andtreatmentofindustrialwastes).
Factories should be identified which would be established in the
industrialestate:to identifythenecessaryservicesforfactoriessuchas
information,technicalconsulting,equipmentletting,andelectroplating.
Factories of the industrial estates should be encouraged to provide
servicestoeachothers.
Social services: social services should be provided (health food
housingentertainmentetc)forfactorylaborsintheindustrialestate
asfollows:
A Healthservices(firstaidcentercentralclinichealthcareserviceunit)
B Commercialservices(supermarketrestaurantscafeterias)C Wireless and telecommunications (post and telegraph office
telephoneandfaxoffice).
DReligiousservices(mosque).
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E Entertainment and landscaping services (open and green spaceslandscapingofstreetsandroads).
Public and miscellaneousservices:theseservicesshould be provided in
light
of
identifying
types
and
needs
of
the
existing
factories
in
the
industrialestateandtherangeoftheirexpectedneedsofservices.The
following are the public and miscellaneous services required for the
industrialestate:
A Administrative services (general management of the industrialestate).
B Bankingservices(bankbranches).C Securityandfirefighting(policedepartmentcivildefense).DOfficeservices.E Building and city maintenance (a center for environment
protectionanddevelopment.).
F Multi purpose special hall (meeting auditorium showroom forproducts
).
GMiscellaneousservices(printingpress,publication,andtranslationgasstation).
322Settingupprogramsandstandardsofservices:
Magnitude of such logistic and complementary services should depend
on economic factors, planning and urban efficiency, and urban level of
this
estate,
as
well
as
the
standards
specified
for
these
needs
and
numberofbeneficiaries.
Site of services should be identified at suitable movement distances of
the service field for any of such services in the industrial estate which
necessitates that access roads to service centers should be facilitated
and safe within transport and traffic networks especially pedestrian
movementandshouldalsobeprovidedwithcarparkingandfacilitiesof
cargoand
stevedoring.
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Servicesinindustrialestate
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323Distributionofservices:
Distribution of services in the industrial estate should follow two
patterns; the first is the central collective pattern for all services, their
elements,and
basic
levels
(central
bar
corner).
The
second
pattern
depends on ascending hierarchy for distribution of services within
boundaries of urban gradation and scope of service for factory activity
levels (gradual scattered). The following points should be taken into
account:
A The main service centers are found in the center of the industrialestate to attract factories, facilitate their operation, enhance their
economicposition,
and
raise
their
production
efficiency.
B Makingservicecentersmoreattractivetoworkersandvisitors.C Providing a space in the middle of the elements and looked up by
vital uses (such as the mosque and the market) and posing civil
defense unit and police department on the main roads to provide
easinessandflexibilityinmovementoftheirvehicles.
324Distribution
of
service
uses
percentages:
Thefollowingistherelativedistributionofserviceusesforguidance:
Serviceuses:withanareanotlessthan5%ofthewholeindustrialestate'sarea:
Industrial services: their area represents 3050% of the service uses'areawithanaverageof40%.
Social services: their area represents 2040% of the service uses' areawithanaverageof30%.
Publicandmiscellaneousservices:theirarearepresents2040%oftheserviceuses'areawithanaverageof30%.
The following service elements should not be less than thefollowing:
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Civil defense: 8 12% with an average 10% of the public andmiscellaneousservicesarea.
Police: 6 8% with an average 7% of the public and miscellaneousservices
area.
Mosque:10 20%withanaverage15%ofthepublicandmiscellaneousservicesarea.
Commercial: 15 25% with an average 20% of the public andmiscellaneousservicesarea.
Health: 5 7% with an average 6% of the public and miscellaneousservices
area.
33StandardsofPlanningandDesigningroadnetwork:
331Identificationoftrafficstudyrequirements:
Requirementsof the industrialestateoftransportandmeansof travel,
shouldbeidentified,andhence,identificationofrequirementsofroads,
innermovement,andparkingspaces(forworkersvisitorstrucks) in
theindustrial
estate.
Percentage
of
road
area
inside
the
industrial
estate
should range from 18 32% of the industrial estate's area with an
averageof25%.
332Principles and considerationsofplanning roadnetwork for the
industrialestate:
A Separation of traffic types with different nature and speed (vehiclesand trucks private transport mass transport pedestrian
movement)andidentificationoftracksforeachtype.
B Studying the relationship between factories that produce heavytraffic flow taking into account capacity of streets leading to these
factories.
C Providing sufficient parking spaces in regions adjacent to factoriesandservicecentersintheindustrialestateatwhichlargenumberof
vehiclesgather
together.
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DSetting up requirements of loading and unloading in the industrialestate where constraints of cargo and stevedore require taking the
followingintoconsideration:Figure(8)
Loadingandunloadingshouldbecarriedoutwithinboundariesofthe factory land in a manner that it does not conflict with traffic
movementintheroads.
Loading and unloading areas should be allocated from the rearfrontparts.
Providingsufficientinnerspacesforturningmovementoftrucksinadditiontoprovidingaspaceforparkingofthesetrucksbasedon
sizesoftrucks.
333 Designing the general structure of road network and its
hierarchy:
Thegeneralstructureofroadnetworkfollowslandusesintheindustrial
estate.Hence,wefindthatthegeneralstructureofroadnetworkinthe
industrialestateisaffectedbyeachofthefollowing:
A Identification of characteristics of traffic between the industrialestateandusesoutsideit.
B Identification of characteristics of traffic between uses in theindustrialestate.
C Identificationoftheroadnetworkhierarchy.D Identificationoftheroadnetworklength.E Identificationofthegeneralstructurepatternofroadnetwork.
Planning of parking spaces should be carried out when planning road
networkintheindustrialestatealongwithdeterminingrequirementsof
parkingspacesforvehiclesandtrucksontheestate'ssite.
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334Principlesofdesigningroadnetworkintheindustrialestate:
Streets surrounding the industrial estate should have service roads.
However, in the inner regions, parking, loading, and unloading spaces
shouldbe
provided
inside
each
plot.
Design
principles
of
road
network
aredeterminedinthefollowing:
Hierarchy of road network: a classification should be set up for road
networkintheindustrialestateaccordingtopurposesandusesrequired
from each of them. Design of roads should be made to fit their uses.
Roads can be divided according to their levels into three types as the
following:
LocalRoads CollectorRoads MainRoads
Figure (9) illustrates theoretical concept of road network. Table (2)
illustrateshierarchyofroadnetworkallowedintheindustrialestate.
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Table(2):hierarchyofroadnetworkallowedintheindustrialestate
RankofRoads Function DesignPrinciples
1 RegionalRoads Carrying traffic movement in large speed andvolumes to outside of the estate, to transport
factory
products
to
consumer
centers
and
link
themtoeachother
No factories are allowed to open on highways forregionalmovement.
2 Mainroads
A Maintrafficroads
Carrying traffic movement from inside theindustrial estate to the other uses (other parts
of the estate) and to regional roads and
highways.
Widewidthsreaching4060m.Serving large depths for large land plots allocated
forfactories.
Access to factories established on these roadsbased on providing service road parallel to the
mainroad.
B
SecondaryRoads
Roads surrounding the industrial estate toseparate it from the other uses and allocated
forspeedtraffic.
They should have service roads and their widthrangesfrom30 40m.
They should have specified entrances and exitsselected at far distances to carry traffic volumes
pooled from one point to another without
obstacles.
3 CollectorRoads They are the backbone of the industrial estateforservinglocalroadstocollecttrafficbeforeit
becomesjam and carry it to the main roads.
Additionally,
they
serve
the
factories
establishedonthem.
Collector roads are used in extending publicutilitylinestofactories.
Car parking should be avoided on sides of theseroads.
Factoriesestablishedonthemmusthaveextensionforcarentrance.
They must be designed at maximum distance of400mfromterminalstationofmasstransportation
formostindustrialfacilities.
Minimum width of a collector road should rangefrom2040mwithapavementof12mwidth(4
lanes,2ineachdirection).
Intersections should be in T form to avoidaccidents.
4 LocalRoads Servingthefactoriesestablishedonthem. They pass through industrial groups
respectively to link industrial facilities of each
group.
Theyshouldhave entrancesfrom the collectorroads.
Width of local roads ranges from 20 30 m toservetrucks.
Entrances of localroadsoncollector roadsshouldnotbelessthan20m.
Take into account requirements of locationsrelatedtocarparkingoutsidestreetboundary.
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Figure(8)
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Figure (9) Theoretical concept of road network and distribution of
parking
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Planning of streets and roads of the industrial estate: On planning of
suchstreets,takeintoconsiderationthattransportvehicles,trailers,and
trucks are the main means of transport in these streets. Width of local
road ranges from 22 30 m. Furthermore, take into account
requirements of the place of car parking outside the road boundary,
dischargeofsurfacewater,andbuildingsetbacks.
Roads inside the industrial estate: widths of roads that servetraffic in the industrial estate (Right of Way) should not be less
thanthefollowing:
ArterialRoads:40 60mwithanaverageof50m. Secondary Arterial Roads (branches): 30 40 m with an
averageof35m.
CollectorStreets:22 40m. LocalStreets:22 30mwithanaverageof25m.
Identification of mass transport tracks and stations: Industrialestate should be providedwith network of masstransport tracks
to transfer labor to the industrial estate. There should be a ring
road for buses around the industrial estate with comparing
number of their units with the amount of work at hours of
entrance and exit from it. Bus stations should be found in the
industrialestateandtheyshouldbedesignedtobeatdistancesof
250500mwithanaverageof350maccordingtodemandand
inner division of the industrial estate. However, farthest walking
distancefor
mass
transport
users
should
not
exceed
500
m
to
the
busstation.
Pedestrian sidewalks: pedestrian sidewalks should be providedwiththeroadnetworkandprovidedbyshading,evergreentrees.
Sidewalk width should not be less than 6 m with a movable
obstacleforenteringcars.Onlyfirefightingvehiclesshouldbelet
toenteronemergency.Sidewalksandpedestrian crossingplaces
areto
be
allocated
at
road
intersections.
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Widthof lanes:widthsoftherightofwayandpavementdependontrafficdemandforecasts.
It is preferred that designing of road sections in the industrial estate
shouldbe
in
two
separate
lanes
for
each
direction.
Roundabout
should
also be found at far distances to permit free movement and return.
Parkingshouldbeavoidedatsidesoftheroad.
Intheindustrialestates,thereshouldbevarietyinoptionsofpavement
widthandtherightofway(asphalt).Therightofwayshouldnotbeless
than15minrelationtotwopavedlanes(7.5m).That'stosaythattrack
width in the industrial estate should not be less than 3.75 m. These
measurements
fit
secondary,
collector,
and
access
roads
and
require
additional lanes in larger development to add a capacity for
accommodating peak time forecasts. 2 lanes are to be added as per
demand. As for main feeding roads, minimum 20 m for paved, and
intersections should have curves with a radius of no less than 20 m to
accommodatetrailersortruck.
Figures (10, 11) the ideal sections of road network, measurements of
vehicles,and
lane
widths
in
roads.
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Figure(10)
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Figure(10),continued
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Figure(11)
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Inclination of roads and discharge of water: Inclination in main and
collector roads should not exceed 2 % and in local roads it should not
exceed3%.
Horizontal turning: short sharp turnings should be avoided.Furthermore, radii of turnings should not be less than the
following:
150metersformainarterialstreets
60matersforsecondary(branch)arterialstreets
35metersforcollectorstreets
25matersforlocalstreets
Or they should be according to whatever specifications issued by
Ministry of Transport, or Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs. In
addition, tangent length in opposite turnings of the streets should
notbelessthan30meters.
Radii of turnings in intersections: radius of turning should not beless
than
20
m
for
trucks
in
the
industrial
estate,
Corners: should be designed to meet goods transporting truckswheretheywillbeusedasasecondarylanetomaketurningwhen
using a mix of trucks and trailers. This will fit for using longer
radius.
Radiiofcurves:table(3)showsthemaximumsideinclinationandradiiofcurvesofroadsintheindustrialestate.
Table(3):maximumsideinclinationandradiiofcurvesofroadsinthe
industrialestate
TypeofRoad Regionalhighways MainArterialRoads BranchCollectorRoads LocalRoads
MaximumSideInclination 0.10 0.10 0.12 0.12
MinimumDesignSpeed 90 60 50 40
Middle
islands:
width
of
these
islands
in
collector
and
main
roads
shouldnotbelessthan5metersintheindustrialestate.
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Parkingonroadsides:tracksofsidelongitudinalparkingareusedintheindustrialestateatinevitablenecessarywheneveratruckor
vehiclebreaksdownandtheyareestablishedononeorbothsides
asneededandtheirwidthshouldnotbelessthan2.5meters.
PedestrianSidewalks:traverse inclinationofpedestriansidewalksshouldnotbe lessthan1.5%forpurposesofdischargingsurface
water.Theyshouldalsobeusedontheroadsidesandtheirwidth
shouldnotbelessthan2metersupto4metersormoreinheavy
pedestrianmovementregions.
335Designprinciplesofroadlightingnetworks:
A Lighting design and identification of its levels is done according toSaudistandardMKS335.
B Metal halide lamps are preferred (comply with Saudi standards) tosimilar lamps containing pure mineral vapors because they give
betterlightingandhavehigherefficiency.
C Lampposts are erected so that they are standing upright on theground
level
and
fixed
well
on
their
bases.
DBuried lampposts are equipped with protecting stainless insulatortapethatextends200mmaboveandundergroundlevel.
Takeintoaccountidentificationofthefollowing:
Lightingintensityinvariousroads(maximumandminimumlimits) Distancesbetweenlamppostsforeveryroad. Heightoflamppostsforeveryroad. Minimumpowerloadsandtypesofloads. Methodsofinstallinglightingcablesinservicepassageinroads. Powerdistributionpanelsforlightingandmaximumlightingunits
oneachcircuit.
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Methods of control in operating lighting units whether by photocelldevicesortimer.
34Standardsanddesignprinciplesofcarparking:
341Identifyingcarparkingrequirements:
Requirements of car parking must be identified to fit the factories
whetherfortrucksorvehicles.Theydependonrequirementsofprivate
uses.Percentageofcar parkingspaces in the industrial estate amounts
to37%withanaverageof5%oftheindustrialestate'sarea.
342Principlesofassessmentofcarparkingintheindustrialestate:
Forfactories inthe industrialestate, it isrecommendedtoprovidetwo
carparkingareasatleastforeverythreeemployeesiffactorieshaveno
buses of mass transportation. However, if there are buses, then the
numberofemployeeswhoregularlybenefitfromserviceofsuchbuses
maybedeductedfromthetotalfactoryemployeenumber.Carparking
spaces should be provided for visitors. Parking requirements for
factoriesintheindustrialestateareassessedaccordingtothefollowing:
A Assessmentofemploymentaccordingtocategories: i.e.positionsofmanagers,officeemployees,andworkersoffactoriesineachshift.
B Assessment of parking for each employment category: taking intoconsiderationchangeandusingagroupofcars.
C Study of times of "start" and "end" of work shift: to identify carparkingrequirementsatpeaktime.
D Amending parking requirements by: study of seasonal fluctuations,efficiencyfactorsofparkingspaces,andproblemsofovertime.
Some ideal measurements of car parking in industrial estates are to
consider one parking space for every 500 m2 of the land area and two
parkingspacesforeverythreeworkers.
343Designprinciplesofcarparkingspaces:
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Car parking spaces are integral part of the road network in industrial
estate. Therefore, these places should be planned when planning road
networkofindustrialestate.
Table
(4)
shows
proposed
average
car
parking
spaces
when
planning
landusesintheindustrialestate.However,thefollowingremarksshould
benoticed:
A Whennumberofrequiredparkingspacesisattributedtothebuildingarea,thentotalfloorareasshouldbemeasuredwitheliminatingthe
areainsidethebuildingusedascarparkingorloadingspaces.
B When number of parking spaces is attributed to employee number,thenemployeesworkinginthefactoryshouldbecounted.
Table(4):carparkingspacesaccordingtolanduses
Usage Minimumcarparkingthatshouldbesecuredoutsidestreets
Mosque Oneparkingforevery2050worshipersoroneparkingforevery2.25m2of
theareaofprayer
Localhealthcenter Parkingfor10cars.
Administrativecentersandpostoffice 0.75spaceforeveryemployee.
Officebuildings Oneparkingspaceforevery4060m2ofthetotalfloorarea.
Banksand
professional
offices
One
parking
space
for
every
25
30
m2
of
the
total
floor
area,
or
0.33
spaces
foreveryoffice+0.25spacesforeveryemployee.
Factory Oneparkingspaceforeveryemployee,or0.25spacesforeveryemployee+additionsasperdemand.
Oneparkingspaceforevery3050m2ofthetotalfloorarea.Source:Theconsultant,apoolofapprovedstudiesatMinistryofMunicipalandRuralAffairs(MOMRA).
Platform of loading goods in the factory: loading platform will
accommodate trucks of transporting goods or backup vehicles.
Therefore, the place should be 5 m width and 18.5 m depth with
addition
of
18.5
m
for
manipulation.
For
backup
vehicles,
platform
should be 4 m width and 7.5 m depth with addition of 7.5 m for
manipulation. Loading platforms should not be established on sides of
theroadconfrontingthebuilding.
When designing car parking, vehicle volumes in the industrial estates
dependonparkingangleasshownintable(5)whichillustratesrequired
places and vehicle measurements for car parking in industrial estate
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where car parking and car manipulation consume considerable area of
industrialestatelands.
Table(5):requiredplacesandvehiclemeasurementsforcarparkingin
industrialestate
Parkingangle Placewidth(m) Carwidth(m) Unitdepthofcarparking(m) Widthofoneplacepercar(m)
90 3 7.3 18.9 3
90 2.75 7.9 19.5 2.75
60 2.75 5.5 16.5 3
53 2.75 5.5 16.1 3.35
Source:Theconsultant,apoolofapprovedstudiesatMinistryofMunicipalandRuralAffairs(MOMRA).
35Designprinciplesofpublicutilities:
351Identifying
utility
requirements:
Sophisticated rates should be used for approximate usage of electric
energy, water, and land area per worker. Therefore, when planning an
industrial estate, requirements of public utilities should be identified
(water electricity gas sewage liquid and solid wastes "special
sewage"communicationsetc).
3
5
2
Principles
and
criteria
of
utility
network
required
in
industrial
estate:
Utilitynetworksconsistof:
A Water supply (fresh for drinking irrigation industry firefighting).
B Sanitarydrainageandtreatmentplants.C
Rainwaterdischargenetwork.D Disposalofsolidwastes(collectionandtreatment).E Electricenergy.F Communications.
Aspects that should be taken into consideration when providing public
utilities
in
industrial
estate.
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A The industrial estate should be part of comprehensive andintegrated development (environmental urban economic
socialetc)
B Preparing plans of the proposed public utilities and identification
oftheirpassagesandsuitablelocations.
C Utility networks should achieve four important considerations:efficiencysufficiencyflexibilityeconomy.
DTheproposedfactoriesintheindustrialestateandextentoftheirneeds of public utilities (in terms of quantity and quality) taking
intoaccountthefutureexpansiontofulfilltheincreaseddemand.
E Assemblyoffactorieshavingsimilarneedsofpublicutilitiesinoneregionoftheindustrialestate.
Thus, necessary public utility networks should be designed to fulfill
needsandrequirementsoffactoriesintheindustrialestate.Publicutility
networks are linked to general structure of land uses and general
structureofroadnetworksandtheirhierarchy.
Principlesofwaterandfirefightingnetworks:studyingextentofwater
needsinindustrialestate,andthefollowingapproximationscanbeused
forguidance:
Highneedfactorieswithanaverageof200m3/hectare/day. Lowneedfactorieswithanaverageof25m3/hectare/day. Laborneedsinthefactoryare30liters/person/day. Individualneedsintheresidenceregionare150liters/person/day. Setting up an accurate plan for water supply and distribution in the
industrialestate.
There are some principles and requirements for water network in the
industrialestate.
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Pipe network should cover all the estate with sufficient diameter tofulfillsocialneeds.
Everysiteonwhichafactoryisestablishedshouldhaveanextensionto
water
network.
Water pipelines should be buried under the ground in the roadsanctuaryasfaraspossiblefromsewagepipelinestoavoidpossible
pollutionofwater(distancenotlessthan3meters).
Water pipelines should be at a higher level than sewage pipelines(drainage)sothatnowaterleaksfromsewagepipelinesandavoiding
pollution
of
the
drinking
water.
Criteriaoffirefightingtaps:
Firefightingtapsshouldbeinstalledonpipelinenetworkatadequatedistance (not less than 200 m) to allow serving all factories lying
withintheircircles.Itispreferabletoallocateonefirefightingtapfor
eachfactory.Theseprinciplesandrequirementsshouldcomplywith
requirementsandspecificationsofthecivildefense.
Fire fighting valves should be installed on pipeline network at adistancethatdependson:
A Waterpressureinpipes.B Possibilitiesofoccurringfire.C Usesoftheregion(commercialindustrialresidential).D
Typeofmaterialsusedinbuildingsandtheircombustibility.Generally, distance between fire fighting valves in industrial and
commercialregionsshouldnotexceed160200mm.
Furthermore, a fire fighting valve should not be installed on a pipeline
less than 150 mm in diameter and the valve should be equipped with
threeexits.
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353Principles and considerationsofdesigning rainwaterdischarge
network:
Rainwateriscollectedbyanetworkofinclinations(slopes)orchannels,
takingthe
following
into
consideration:
Maximumdistanceofwatermotiondoesnotexceed200mm. Rainwaternetworkisimplementedonthemainroads. Principlesanddesign:
A Speedisnotlessthan0.75m/sec.B
Minimumdiameterofrainwaterdischargepipesis300mm.C Design of networks is carried out on behavior of a storm for (5)
yearsand stormwatercourseonbehavior ofmaximumstormfor
(5)years.
DDistancebetweeninspectionchambers(manholes)upto700mmnotexceeding120mandupto1000mmnotexceeding160m.
354Principles
and
considerations
of
feeding
with
potable
water
and
industrywater:
3541Drinkingwatersupply:
The most important features that should be available in good potable
watercanbeclassifiedasfollows:
A Clean,colorless,odorless,palatable,cool,anddesirable.B Containsonlyminuteallowableamountofgerms,freeofE.Coli in
random samples up to 100 cm3 (table 6). It should also be free
generally of all pathogens, and does not contain any active or
inactivesuspendedmaterials.
C Shouldnotcontainwhateverchemicalsthatcancausediseasesandtotalacidity(pH)notexceeding68degrees.
DShouldnotcontainwhatevermineralsorcorrosivesubstances.
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Table (6), maximum basic American standards for potable water (MCL
Maximum Contaminant Level) in terms of microbial contaminants
(Coliform Bacteria) (standards of EPA "Environment Protection Agency"
1975)thatshouldbeobserved.
Methodortechnologyoftest Monthlybasis Individualbasisofsamples
A Rubberfilter 1inmorethan100ml Lessthan20samples/month.CountofColiformshould
notexceed4/100mlinmorethanonesampleandinno
morethan5%ofsamples
Morethan10%ofdoses Coliformbacteriashouldnotexistin3dosesormorein
morethanonesampleinnomorethan5%ofsamples
B Fermentationtube:
standardsample(10ml)
standardsample(100ml) Morethan60%ofdoses Fivedosesinmorethan5dosesinmorethanone
sampleoutof20%ofsamples
Since Health Services Center in USA, and WHO (World Health
Organization)identifiedstandardsofdetrimentalsubstancesthatshould
notexceed their limits inany drinkable materials,thesesubstances are
shownintable(7).
Along with health hazardous substances, contamination of potable
water with organic substances plays an increasingly important role in
determiningvalidityornonvalidityofwaterfordrinkingduetoeffectof
organicsubstancesinimpedingtreatmentofdrinkingwater.Presenceof
such substances even in trace concentrations results in occurrence of
badodorinwaterandmakingitunpalatableinadditiontodevelopinga
biologicallayeroninnerwallsofwaterdistributionnetworkpipes.
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Table (7): criteria of health hazardous substances that should not
exceedtheirlimitsindrinkingwater(mg/l)
Elementsorcompounds WHO(WorldHealthOrganization) HealthServicesCenterinUSA
Arsenic(As) 0.1 0.05
Lead(Pb) 0.05
Cadmium(Cd) 0.01
Chromium(Cr) 0.1 0.05
Copper(Cu) 1.0 1.0
Zinc(Zn) 5.0 5.0
Chlorides(Cl) 250
Cyanide(Cn) 0.01
Nitrates(NO3) 45
Phenol(C6H5OH) 0.001 0.001
Sulfates(SO4) 250
Mercury(Hg)
0.002
Silver(Ag) 0.05
3542WaterforIndustry:
Industry is first class water consumer, where its need of water is far
morethanthatofcitieslikethelargeindustrialestates.
Factory needs of industry water amount to 30 40 m3 daily as an
indicative average. This rate may decrease or increase depending on
industrytype.Tocoverindustryneedsofwater,availablesurfacewater
sourcesareoftenused.
As there is variety of water uses in industry purposes according to
factory type and its product, so industry water characteristics that
should be secured are not constant but rather they are determined
according to factory type, nature of the raw material, and importance
andvolume
of
the
produced
material.
The most importantuse of water in industry is often related to cooling
purposes like boiler cooling water as well as in different purposes in
manufacturingofsomekindsofproducts.
In cooling purposes, used water should not have corrosive nature or
does not gain this feature during cooling processes through thermal
conditionsthat
imbalance
compound
of
water
in
calcium
and
carbonic
acid.
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Coolingwatershouldnevercauseanynarrowingindiametersofcooling
pipesinthefactoryasaresultofchangingcompoundbalanceofwater,
p