Modul 19- Land,Land and Its Resources

8/2/2019 Modul 19- Land,Land and Its Resources

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TOPIC : LAND AND ITS RESOURCES

CONTENT : 1. Mineral found in the Earths crust.2. Reaction between metal and non-metal.3. Silicon compounds4. Calcium compounds

5. Natural fuel resources and their importance

CHAPTER HIGHLIGHT

4. Silicon compound

COMPOUNDS

1. oxides 2. carbonates 3. sulphides

potasium

sodium

calcium

magnesium

aluminium

CARBON

zinc

Iron

tin

lead

copper

mercury

silver

Gold

Platinum

Lessactive

1. Action of heat on metal carbonates, metal oxides and metal sulphides.

2. Reaction between metal and non-metal (oxygen and sulphur)

heat

Metal sulphide Metal oxide + Sulphur dioxide (solid) (gas)

heat

Metal carbonate Metal oxide + Carbon dioxide(solid) (gas)

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Metal oxides - a very stable compound- do not decompose when heated except

mercury oxide and argentums oxide


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3. Silicon compounds

Silica and silicate are stable because both compoundsi) do not dissolve in water ii) do not react with dilute acidiii) do not change its form when heated

Only sodium silicate dissolved in water

heat

Metal + Oxygen Metal oxide

heat

Metal + Sulphur Metal sulphide

2

1. Oxides

(a). Metal Oxide ------------------------ Metal +OxygenHeat

(OnlyMercuryandSilver)

(b). Metal +Oxygen ------------------- Metal Oxide

metal

Potassium

manganate

(VII)Crystal

Potassium manganate (VII)crystal ---------- producesOxygengas.Glasswool : toprevent bothmetalsmixing.

Heat

(c ). Metal oxide + Carbon ----------- Metal + Carbon dioxide

(all metals under CARBON in Activity Series)

2. Carbonates

(a) Metal carbonate ------------------- Metal oxide + Carbon dioxideHeat

Heat

(All can decompose by heat only Potassium and Sodium can dissolv e in water)

3. Sulphide

(a) Metal sulphide + Oxygen ------------ Metal oxide + Sulphur dioxideHeat

Carbon dioxide : limewater changes to cloudy

Sulphur dioxide : Acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution

From purple to colourless .

(b) Metal + Sulphur --------------------- Metal sulphide + energyHeat


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Acidic silica dissolved in alkali to produce silicates

Silicates do not react with alkalis

4. Properties and presence of gas tests

PropertiesTypes of gases

Oxygen Carbondioxide

Hydrogen Sulphur dioxide

Colour Colourless

Smell Odourless Odourless Odourless Pungent

Solubility in waterSlightlysoluble

Slightly moresoluble than

oxygen

Unsoluble Soluble

pH Neutral Acidic Neutral Acidic

Presence of gas test and

observation

Relightglowing

splinterAnd

promotesthe flameof burning

splinter

Turns clearcalcium

hydroxidesolution (limewater) chalky

Put offburning

splinter witha sound

`pop`

Bleachespurple

colour ofacidified

potassiummanganate

(VII)solution tocolourless.

5. Calcium compounds

Calcium carbonate

- shells- bones- marbles/ limestone

Reaction between calcium carbonate and diluteacid

3

No reaction


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Formation processes of quicklime, slaked lime and lime water from limestone/ calciumcarbonate.

Equation for the reactions of calcium carbonate:

Calciumcarbonate

+ Hydrochloricacid

calciumchloride

(salt)

+ carbondioxide

+ water

6. Fractional distillation- Petroleum can be refines by factional distillation.

- Crude oil will be heated to 400oC in a furnace and the vapour produced will bedirected to distillation tower.

Calcium carbonate + acid salt + Carbon dioxide + watere.gCalcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid Calcium chloride + Carbon dioxide +

water

Calcium oxide(quicklime)

Carbon dioxide(gas)

Calcium hydroxide(slaked lime)

Calcium hydroxide solution(lime water)

Calcium carbonate

+water

+

+ water (dissolved in water)

4

Heatedstrongly


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Temperature Colour Combustibility Viscousity Amount ofsoot

Below 100oC Lightest Mostcombustible

Leastviscous

Least soot

Between100oC and150oC

Light Combustible Less viscous Less soot


Dark lesscombustible

Moreviscous

More soot


darkest Leastcombustible

Mostviscous

Most soot

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Distillation

tower


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Activities (25 min)

1. Complete the table below.

Types of compound Elements present

Metal oxides

Metal carbonatesMetal sulphides

Metal silicate

Silica

2. Figure 2 shows the grouping of elements

Elements

X Y

Examples Examples

a) What is

i) X:_________________ ii)Y:__________________________

b) Arrange the following metals in terms of increasing reactivity with oxygen.

magnesium

iron

zinc

aluminium

___________, ______________, ______________, _____________

3. Figure 1 shows the process that can be carried out in the school laboratory.

A B

(a). Explain the processes A and B in figure 1.

(i). Process A : _______________________________________.

(ii). Process B : _______________________________________.

6

gold

iron

oxygen

sulphur

Aluminium Aluminium

sulphide

Aluminium

oxide

Figure 1.


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(b). During process B, gas X is released.(i). Identify gas X.

_____________________________________________________.

(ii). What is the colour of the gas?

_____________________________________________________.

(c). White the equations for processes A and B.

(i). Process A : ________________________________________.

(ii).Process B : _________________________________________.

Figure 2.

4. Figure 2 shows an experiment to study the reaction between magnesium powder andoxygen.

(a). Which material should be heated first?

________________________________________________________________.

(b). (i). What happened to the magnesium powder on heating?

________________________________________________________________.

(ii).What is the reason for the observation in (b) i?

________________________________________________________________.

(c). Write down the above reaction in word equation.

________________________________________________________________.

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(d). Write down the word equation for the reaction that happened when the magnesiumpowder is replaced with iron filings.

__________________________________________________________________.

5. Figure3 shows processes X and Y which convert one substance to another.

Figure 3

(a). Describe process X and Y.

(i). Process X : ___________________________________________.

(ii). Process Y : ___________________________________________.

(b). Write equations for processes X and Y.

(i). Process X : ___________________________________________.

(ii). Process Y : ___________________________________________.

(c). Write the common name for each of the compounds.

(i). Calcium oxide.

_____________________________________________________.

(ii). Calcium hydroxide.

_____________________________________________________.

(d). State one use for each compound.

(i). Calcium carbonate.

_____________________________________________________.

(ii). Calcium oxide.

______________________________________________________.

(iii).Calcium hydroxide.

______________________________________________________.

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Calcium

carbonate

Calcium

hydroxide

Calcium

oxide


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5. When Y is heated, it breaks down into metal oxide and gives off a gas with irritatingsmell. The gas also bleaches acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution.What is Y?

A. Mercuric oxide

B. Iron sulphideC. Calcium carbonateD. Lead sulphate.

6. A metal sulphide will decompose when heated to form the metal oxide and release agas X as shown in the word equation below.

Metal metal oxide + gas XSulphide heat

When tested, gas X is found to

A. turn limewater chalky.B. produce a hissing sound.C. have a terrible rotten egg smell.D. change the acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution from purple to colourless

7. Which of the following is the hardest mineral?

A. DiamondB. CorundumC. Talc.D. Quartz.

8. Figure 2 shows an experiment to study the effect of heat on copper(II) sulphide. Thegas released on heating turns purple acidified potassium manganate (VII) solutioncolourless.

Figure 2.

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The gas is.A. carbon dioxide.B. hydrogen sulphide.C. sulphur dioxideD. oxygen

9. Which of the following minerals does not react with oxygen?

A. IronB. ZincC. MagnesiumD. Platinum.

10. Metals which do not react with oxygen are called

A. reactive metals.B. metallic elements.C. non-metallic elements.

D. un reactive metals.

11. In the experiment shown in figure 3. what is the residue left in the boiling tube atthe end of the experiment?

Figure 3A. Magnesium sulphate.B. Magnesium sulphideC. Magnesium oxideD. Magnesium dioxide.

12. Arrange zinc, aluminium, iron and magnesium in the correct order, starting with the

one which reacts most slowly with oxygen.

A. Iron zinc aluminium magnesium.

B. zinc aluminium iron magnesium.

C. magnesium zinc iron aluminium.

D. magnesium iron aluminium zinc

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13. When iron powder is heated in the presence of oxygen, it burns slowly andbecomes product Y. What is Y?

A. Iron carbonateB. Iron sulphideC. Iron oxide

D. Iron sulphate.

14. Figure 4 shows the set up of an experiment to show the reaction of dilutehydrochloric acid with X.

Figure 4

The following substances will react in the same manner as X,except

A. egg shell.B. marble.C. chalkD. coal.

15. Calcium carbonate can be found in all the following, except.

A. limestoneB. coralC. ceramicD. egg shell.

16. Which minerals can exist as natural elements?

I. Gold.II. Silver.III. Quartz.A. I and II only.B. I and III only.C. II and III only.D. I, II and III only.

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17. Natural mineral compounds usually exist in the form of .

I. oxides.II. sulphides.III. carbonates.

A. I and II only.B. I and III only.C. II and III only.D. I, II and III only.

18. Which of the following are the properties of the gas?

I. Has a pungent smell.II. Gives a pH value of 9 when tested with pH paper.III. Changes moist blue litmus paper to red.

A. I and II only.

B. I and III only.C. II and III only.D. I, II and III only.

19. What can be observed when magnesium reacts with oxygen?

I. The magnesium produces yellow sparks when it burns.II. The magnesium burns with a dazzling white flame.III. Magnesium oxide which is a white powder is produced.

A. I and II only.B. I and III only.

C. II and III only.D. I, II and III only.

20. What are the components of silicates?

I. Metal.II. SiliconIII. Oxygen.

A. I and II only.B. I and III only.C. II and III only.

D. I, II and III only.

ASSESSMENT (B) (60 minutes)

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1. Complete the following word equations.

(a). Metal oxide metal +

(b). Metal sulhide + oxygen + sulphur dioxide

(c). Metal + oxygen

(d). Metal + sulphur

(e). Silicon + oxygen

(f). Silicon + oxygen + metal

2. Figure 5 shows an experiment conducted to investigate the reaction of metals withoxygen.

Figure 5

The results of the experiments

Metal Observation

Colour of flame Colour of solidresidue

Product of reaction

Magnesium Bright 1. Magnesium oxideAluminium Bright 2. Aluminium oxide

Iron Bright yellow 3. Iron oxide

(a). i. Complete Table above by stating the colour of solid residue of each metal.ii. What is the use of potassium manganate (VII) crystals?

_________________________________________________________________

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(b). State the functions of glass wool X and Y.

i. Glass wool X.

_________________________________________________________________

ii. Glass wool Y.

(c). Arrange the metal in ascending order of reactivity.

__________________, ___________________, _____________________Increasing reactivity

3. Complete the following word equations.

(a) i) Mercuric oxides __________ + __________

ii) ______________ Argentums + oxygen

(b) i) Aluminium + oxygen ____________________

ii) Magnesium + oxygen ____________________

iii) _______ + oxygen Zinc oxides

(c) i) Zinc oxides + Carbon ___________ + ________________

ii) Plumbum oxides + Carbon ______________ + ____________

iii) Copper (II) oxide + Carbon _____________ + ____________

iv) Iron oxide + Carbon _________ + _______________

4. i) Zinc carbonate _____________ + _______________

ii) Magnesium carbonate ______________ + ______________

iii) Aluminium carbonate ______________ + ______________

5. i) Aluminium sulphide + ________ ____________ + Sulphur dioxide

ii) Magnesium sulphide + Oxygen ____________ + ______________

iii) ___________ + __________ Zinc oxide + sulphur dioxideiv) ___________ + ____________ Iron oxide + sulphur dioxide

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ANSWERSACTIVITIES:1.

Types of compound Elements presentMetal oxides Metal and oxygen

Metal carbonates Metal ,carbon and oxygen

Metal sulphides Metal ,sulfur and oxygenMetal silicate Metal , silicon and oxygen

Silica Silicon and oxygen

2. a.i metalii. non-metal

b. magnesium, aluminum, zinc and iron.

3. (a). i. Process A : A mixture of aluminium powder and sulphur is strongly heated.

ii. Process B : Aluminium sulphide is strongly heated.

(b). i. Sulphur dioxide ii. Colourless.

(c). i. Aluminium + sulphur aluminium sulphideii. Aluminium sulphide + oxygen aluminium oxide + sulphur dioxide

4. (a). Magnesium powder(b). (i) The magnesium powder burnt producing bright white flame.

(ii).The magnesium powder reacted with oxygen which was released from theheating of potassium manganate (VII) to give magnesium oxide.

(c). Magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide.(d). Iron + oxygen iron oxide.

5. (a). (i). Process X : Calcium carbonate changes to calcium oxide when heated

strongly.(ii). Process Y : Calcium oxide changes to calcium hydroxide when water is

added.(b). (i). Calcium carbonate calcium oxide + carbon dioxide.

(ii).Calcium oxide + water calcium hydroxide.(c). (i). Quicklime (ii). Slaked lime.(d). (i). To make cement when mixed with clay and water.

(ii). To make slaked lime.(iii).To reduce acidity of the soil.

Assessment (A)

1. B 11. B2. C 12. A3. D 13. C4. A 14. D5. B 15. C6. D 16. A7. A 17. D8. C 18. B

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9. D 19. C10.D 20. D

Assessment (B)1. (a). Oxygen

(b). Metal oxide.

(c). Metal oxide.(d). Metal sulphide.(e). Silica.(f). Metallic silicate.

2. (a). (i). 1.White.. 2.White.

. 3.Brown.(ii) To supply oxygen for the reaction.

(b). (i). To prevent the potassium manganate (VII) from mixing with the metalpowder.

(ii). To prevent oxygen from escaping quickly.(c). Iron, aluminium, magnesium.

Increasing reactivity

(a) i) Mercuric oxides Mercury + oxygen

ii) Argentums oxides Argentums + oxygen

(b) i) Aluminium + oxygen Aluminium oxide

ii) Magnesium + oxygen Magnesium oxide

iii) Zinc + oxygen Zinc oxides

(c) i) Zinc oxides + Carbon Zinc + Carbon dioxide

ii) Plumbum oxides + Carbon Plumbum + Carbon dioxide

iii) Copper (II) oxide + Carbon Copper + Carbon dioxide

iv) Iron oxide + Carbon Iron + Carbon dioxide

4. i) Zinc carbonate Zinc oxide + carbon dioxide

ii) Magnesium carbonate Magnesium oxide + carbon dioxide

iii) Aluminium carbonate Aluminium oxide + carbon dioxide

5. i) Aluminium sulphide + Oxygen Aluminium oxide + Sulphur dioxide

ii) Magnesium sulphide + Oxygen Magnesium oxide + sulphur dioxide

iii) Zinc sulphide + Oxygen Zinc oxide + sulphur dioxideiv) Iron sulphide + Oxygen Iron oxide + sulphur dioxide

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Modul 19- Land,Land and Its Resources