7/28/2019 Module 02(1) Taylor

1/13

PRINCIPLES ANDPRACTICE OFMANAGEMENT

Dr. GOPINADHAN S.

M.Com., MBA, MIB, Ph.D.

Module 2 (1)

7/28/2019 Module 02(1) Taylor

2/13

CONTRIBUTIONS OF

MANAGEMENT THINKERS

FREDERICK WINSLOW TAYLOR

(1856-1916)i. FW Taylor was born in 1856

ii. Started his career as an apprentice inPhiladelphia in 1875.

iii. In 1878 Taylor joined Midvale steel company inUSA as shop labourer and finally became ChiefEngineer in 1884.

iv. Through evening course he completed MEdegree in 1883 and joined Bethlehem SteelCompany in 1898 and continued up to 1901.

7/28/2019 Module 02(1) Taylor

3/13

CONTRIBUTIONS OF

MANAGEMENT THINKERS

FREDERICK WINSLOW TAYLOR

(1856-1916)v. FW Taylor published:

a. A piece Rate system in 1895

b. Shop Management in 1903.

c. On the Art of Cutting Metals 1906.

d. The principles of Scientific Management 1911.

The 18th Century witnessed industrial revolutionleading to large scale production and Taylorsconcepts of scientific management helped toincrease the need for higher production.

7/28/2019 Module 02(1) Taylor

4/13

CONTRIBUTIONS OF

MANAGEMENT THINKERS

FREDERICK WINSLOW TAYLOR

(1856-1916)vi. FW Taylor defined scientific management as the

substitution of exact scientific investigations andknowledge for the old individual judgment or opinion;either of the workmen or the boss in all matters relatingto the work done in the establishment.

FW Taylor firmly believed that the objective of

management should be the maximum prosperity for theemployer and to each employee. These can beachieved through the adoption of the scientificmanagement.

7/28/2019 Module 02(1) Taylor

5/13

PRINCIPLES OF SCIENTIFIC

MANAGEMENT

1. Science not rule of thumb.

2. Harmony in group action.

3. Co-operation.

4. Maximum Output

5. Improvement of workers

7/28/2019 Module 02(1) Taylor

6/13

FEATURES OF SCIENTIFIC

MANAGEMENT

1. Separation of planning fromexecutive function.

2. Scientific task setting.3. Functional foremanship.

4. Work study.

5. Methods study.6. Motion duty.

7. Time study

7/28/2019 Module 02(1) Taylor

7/13

FEATURES OF SCIENTIFIC

MANAGEMENT

8. Fatigue study.

9. Rate setting.

10.Standardization.

11.Scientific selection and training.

12.Financial incentives.

13.Mental revolution.

14.Economy.

7/28/2019 Module 02(1) Taylor

8/13

CONTRIBUTIONS OF

MANAGEMENT THINKERS

Taylors Contributions

F.W. Taylor, the father of Scientific Management as

made many contribution in the field of Management.

1. He has applied the principles of Scientific Management

to solve the problems of management.

2. According to him, it was the duty of the management to

tell the employees about the expecpations of

Management from employees. Should specify the waythrough which job is to be completed.

3. He was the first person who supported mental

revolution both on the part of the employer and the

employee.

7/28/2019 Module 02(1) Taylor

9/13

CONTRIBUTIONS OF

MANAGEMENT THINKERS

Taylors Contributions4. Times study and motion study were first conducted by him.

5. Known as the first person to separate the planning function

from execution function.

6. Functional foremanship concept was first invented by him.

7/28/2019 Module 02(1) Taylor

10/13

CONTRIBUTIONS OF

MANAGEMENT THINKERS

Criticism of Scientific Management1. The term Scientific refers something new. Taylor did not find

anything new in management, he had only made Scientific approach

to Management.2. Workers were forced to work hard to produced maximum output and

failed to consider the physical and mental well being of workers.

3. Scientific Management gave more emphasis to production

management while not emphasizing other functions of management

such as Financial management, Sales management etc.4. Workers did not have any chance to show their ability as their work

was guided and tools and equipments were provided.

7/28/2019 Module 02(1) Taylor

11/13

CONTRIBUTIONS OF

MANAGEMENT THINKERS

Criticism of Scientific Management5. Scientific Management emphasize the employment of first

class employees only. One cannot expect all workers to

be excellent.6. Workers efficiency improved under Scientific

Management. Retrenchment of old workers and a ban onnew recruitment.

7. Under Scientific Management production increased butwages of workers did not increase in direct proportion toincreased production.

8. The roll and importance of Trade Unions reduced underScientific Management.

7/28/2019 Module 02(1) Taylor

12/13

CONTRIBUTIONS OF

MANAGEMENT THINKERS

Criticism of Scientific Management9. It was argued that the time study, motion study, fatigue study,

standardization of wage rates etc. were not scientifically measured.

10. Implementation of Scientific Management is an expensive affair.

11. Wages are paid according to piece-rate system under Scientific

Management. This system benefits the experienced and efficient

workers only.

12. Introduction of Scientific Management requires a lot of time and it

disturbs the smooth functioning of the organization.

13. The principle of division of work fails to measure each employees

contribution to the final product.

14. Workers are treated as irresponsible. Workers opposed introduction of

Scientific Management in their organization.

7/28/2019 Module 02(1) Taylor

13/13