Module 12.Helicopter Aerodynamics, Structures & Systems

12.01, Theory of Flight - Rotary Wing Aerodynamics.

Question Number. 1. The angle of attack of a blade is the.

Option A. angle between the chord line and plane of rotation.

Option B. angle between the spin axis and relative air flow.

Option C. angle between the chord line and relative airflow.

Correct Answer is. angle between the chord line and relative airflow.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 2. Lift generated by a blade is proportional to the.

Option A. relative airflow and the pitch.

Option B. relative airflow and the angle of attack.

Option C. blade speed and angle of attack.

Correct Answer is. relative airflow and the angle of attack.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 3. With the helicopter in forward flight, parasitic drag will cause the helicopter to.

Option A. pitch nose down with a decrease in forward airspeed.

Option B. pitch nose down with an increase in forward airspeed.

Option C. pitch nose up with an increase in forward in airspeed.

Correct Answer is. pitch nose down with an increase in forward airspeed.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 4. When a blade moves about the flapping hinge.

Option A. the drag forces on the blade change and the angle of attack (AOA) changes.

Option B. the pitch angle of the blade always reduces.

Option C. the drag forces on the blade change.

Correct Answer is. the drag forces on the blade change and the angle of attack (AOA) changes.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 5. To maintain the position of the helicopter with a decrease in air density, the pilot must increase.

Option A. main rotor RPM.

Option B. cyclic pitch.

Option C. collective pitch.

Correct Answer is. collective pitch.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 6. The forces which govern the coning angle are.

Option A. lift and centrifugal force.

Option B. thrust and centrifugal force.

Option C. lift and thrust.

Correct Answer is. lift and centrifugal force.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 7. As a helicopter accelerates in level forward flight above approximately 15 knots, it will be

necessary to.

Option A. reduce power because of the additional lift due to translational flight.

Option B. increase power because rotor RPM is increasing.

Option C. reduce power because rotor profile drag is reduced.

Correct Answer is. reduce power because of the additional lift due to translational flight.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 8. Phase lag is due to the blades.

Option A. inertia.

Option B. weight.

Option C. rotational velocity.

Correct Answer is. rotational velocity.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 9. The airflow over the main rotor will be in the reverse direction.

Option A. in the vortex ring.

Option B. under 'ground cushion' effect.

Option C. at high forward speed.

Correct Answer is. in the vortex ring.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 10. Maximum forward speed on a helicopter is achieved when.

Option A. the engine is at maximum power.

Option B. cyclic control is no longer able to overcome 'flap-back'.

Option C. the main rotor RPM is at maximum.

Correct Answer is. cyclic control is no longer able to overcome 'flap-back'.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 11. Assuming the phase lag of a rotor blade is 90 degree and thecontrol advance angle is 15 degrees,

then the pitch operating arm must be at the highest point of the swash plate.

Option A. 75 degree ahead of the highest flapping position.

Option B. 90 degree ahead of the highest flapping position.

Option C. 105 degree ahead of the highest flapping position.

Correct Answer is. 75 degree ahead of the highest flapping position.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 12. A helicopter is hovering and the pilot applies right pedal. Assuming the main rotor rotates anti

clockwise viewed from above, the helicopter will.

Option A. descend, unless the pilot applies more collective pitch.

Option B. descend, unless the pilot inches the throttle open.

Option C. ascend, unless the pilot decreases rotor RPM.

Correct Answer is. ascend, unless the pilot decreases rotor RPM.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 13. A helicopter has a main rotor which rotatesanti-clockwise viewed from above, and is fitted with an

anti-torque tail rotor. It will tend to drift sideways to.

Option A. port, if the tail rotor is mounted on the right side of the aircraft.

Option B. starboard, whichever way the tail rotor is fitted.

Option C. port, if the tail rotor is mounted on the left side of the aircraft.

Correct Answer is. starboard, whichever way the tail rotor is fitted.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 14. The tail rotor.

Option A. is not subject to dissymmetry of lift.

Option B. produces a force opposing torque reaction.

Option C. produces a force in the same direction as torque reaction.

Correct Answer is. produces a force opposing torque reaction.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 15. With the tail rotor pedals in neutral, the tail rotor blade pitch will be.

Option A. neutral.

Option B. negative.

Option C. positive.

Correct Answer is. positive.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 16. The main rotor drive shaft is tilted laterally on some helicopters to correct tail rotor.

Option A. roll.

Option B. torque.

Option C. drift.

Correct Answer is. drift.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 17. Certain helicopters tend to tilt laterally when landing. This problem can be overcome by placing the

tail rotor thrust.

Option A. above the line of the main rotor hub.

Option B. in line with the main rotor hub.

Option C. below the line of the main rotor hub.

Correct Answer is. in line with the main rotor hub.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 18. Ground cushion effect is produced by.

Option A. increase in density above the fuselage.

Option B. increased pressure under the main rotor disc.

Option C. recirculating air giving additional lift.

Correct Answer is. increased pressure under the main rotor disc.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 19. A helicopter hovering near a tall building will.

Option A. be unaffected by it.

Option B. drift away from it.

Option C. drift towards it.

Correct Answer is. drift towards it.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 20. A helicopter hovering 2 metres above the ground subject to a strong cross wind, will.

Option A. increase lift due to ground cushion effect.

Option B. lose lift due to recirculation.

Option C. lose lift due to the removal of the ground cushion effect.

Correct Answer is. lose lift due to recirculation.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 21. With a drop in ambient temperature, an aircraft service ceiling will.

Option A. not be affected.

Option B. rise.

Option C. lower.

Correct Answer is. rise.

Explanation. As ambient temperature drops, density increases and aircraft performance increases.

Question Number. 22. During an autorotative descent, rotor RPM will be.

Option A. higher than in powered flight.

Option B. substantially the same as in powered flight.

Option C. lower than in powered flight.

Correct Answer is. higher than in powered flight.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 23. Autorotative force is the.

Option A. force required to turn in a hover.

Option B. force the pilot must apply to the collective lever to obtain a controlled descent.

Option C. component of the total reaction which acts forward in the plane of rotation in opposition to drag.

Correct Answer is. component of the total reaction which acts forward in the plane of rotation in opposition to drag.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 24. Autorotation.

Option A. results in a loss of power.

Option B. leaves the aircraft with no directional control.

Option C. is the production of lift from freely rotating rotor blades.

Correct Answer is. is the production of lift from freely rotating rotor blades.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 25. If the main rotor of a helicopter rotates in an anti-clockwise direction when viewed from above, and

a hovering left turn is required, the following movements of the controls are selected.

Option A. Rudder pedal to the left, and decrease throttle.

Option B. Rudder pedal to the left, and increase throttle.

Option C. Rudder pedal to the right, and increase throttle.

Correct Answer is. Rudder pedal to the left, and increase throttle.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 26. Climbs with forward speed require less power than vertical climbs, because of.

Option A. translational lift.

Option B. forward momentum.

Option C. increased inertia.

Correct Answer is. translational lift.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 27. Translational flight is.

Option A. achieved by tilting the rotor disc in the direction of flight.

Option B. when the helicopter changes from one steady flight condition to another.

Option C. achieved by raising or lowering the collective lever.

Correct Answer is. achieved by tilting the rotor disc in the direction of flight.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 28. When the cyclic stick is eased forward in the hover position.

Option A. vertical lift is reduced.

Option B. altitude is increased.

Option C. forward thrust is decreased.

Correct Answer is. vertical lift is reduced.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 29. Lift is generated by.

Option A. down-wash below the blade.

Option B. low pressure above the blade.

Option C. high pressure above the blade.

Correct Answer is. low pressure above the blade.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 30. Static stability of a helicopter is.

Option A. the tendency move back toward neutral after disturbance.

Option B. the tendency to oscillate until the neutral is achieved.

Option C. the stability of the helicopter when hovering.

Correct Answer is. the tendency move back toward neutral after disturbance.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 31. Forward velocity causes the advancing blade to.

Option A. flap down to increase lift.

Option B. give increased lift due to blade flapping.

Option C. flap up to reduce lift.

Correct Answer is. flap up to reduce lift.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 32. When moving from the hover to forward flight it is necessary to.

Option A. decrease the engine power.

Option B. increase the engine power.

Option C. maintain constant engine power.

Correct Answer is. increase the engine power.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 33. The maximum forward speed of a helicopter is limited by.

Option A. the shape of the fuselage.

Option B. retreating blade stall and the forward speed of the advancing blade.

Option C. engine power.

Correct Answer is. retreating blade stall and the forward speed of the advancing blade.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 34. What principle does the delta 3 hinge use?.

Option A. Offset hinges.

Option B. Triangular pitch change lever.

Option C. Flapping actuators.

Correct Answer is. Offset hinges.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 35. As the angle of attack of a rotor blade increases, it affects the.

Option A. dragging forces.

Option B. flapping forces.

Option C. dragging and the flapping forces.

Correct Answer is. dragging and the flapping forces.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 36. With an increase in its angle of attack, the drag acting on a rotor blade.

Option A. remains constant.

Option B. decreases.

Option C. increases.

Correct Answer is. increases.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 37. The bell stability augmentation system is based on.

Option A. flapping hinges.

Option B. offset hinges.

Option C. gyroscopic forces.

Correct Answer is. gyroscopic forces.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 38. During forward flight the advancing blade will.

Option A. flap up.

Option B. flap down.

Option C. lag.

Correct Answer is. flap up.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 39. The rotor blades are prevented from 'folding up' during flight by.

Option A. the weight.

Option B. the centrifugal force.

Option C. the lift force.

Correct Answer is. the centrifugal force.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 40. The RPM of the rotor blades is constant, within small limits to.

Option A. prevent blades folding up during flight.

Option B. reduce torque loading.

Option C. prevent blades over-speeding.

Correct Answer is. prevent blades folding up during flight.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 41. To maintain the position of the helicopter, when hovering with a decrease in air density, the pilot

must.

Option A. increase the collective pitch.

Option B. increase rotor RPM.

Option C. increase the cyclic pitch.

Correct Answer is. increase the collective pitch.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 42. An helicopter fin helps to give.

Option A. directional stability about the longitudinal axis.

Option B. directional stability about the normal axis.

Option C. longitudinal stability about the normal axis.

Correct Answer is. directional stability about the normal axis.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 43. Solidity of the rotor is the ratio of the.

Option A. blade area to disc area.

Option B. all up weight to blade area.

Option C. all up weight to disc area.

Correct Answer is. blade area to disc area.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 44. Which direction is the air flowing through the main rotor during autorotation?.

Option A. Downwards.

Option B. Parallel to the rotor chord line.

Option C. Upwards.

Correct Answer is. Upwards.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 45. The purpose of an off-set vertical stabilizer is to.

Option A. provide lift during forward flight.

Option B. relieve some of the load on the tail rotor during forward flight.

Option C. provide stability during vertical flight.

Correct Answer is. relieve some of the load on the tail rotor during forward flight.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 46. The purpose of the horizontal stabilizer is to.

Option A. to stabilize the aircraft in the hover.

Option B. to reduce rotor head loads during translational flight.

Option C. maintain the aircraft in as near a horizontal attitude as possible, during forward flight.

Correct Answer is. maintain the aircraft in as near a horizontal attitude as possible, during forward flight.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 47. During autorotation, the rudder pedals.

Option A. would have no effect on directional control.

Option B. would need to be advanced to counteract the increased torque.

Option C. would need to be backed off due to the loss of torque.

Correct Answer is. would need to be backed off due to the loss of torque.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 48. In forward flight, the advancing blade would be expected to.

Option A. lag.

Option B. increase pitch.

Option C. flap up.

Correct Answer is. flap up.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 49. When the helicopter moves from the hover to translational flight, the lift vector will.

Option A. move aft.

Option B. remain vertical.

Option C. move forward.

Correct Answer is. move forward.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 50. If the blade angle of attack increases.

Option A. lift increases only

Option B. lift and drag increases

Option C. drag increases only

Correct Answer is. lift and drag increases.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 51. When a blade is flapping up.

Option A. pitch will decrease.

Option B. lift and drag both increase.

Option C. pitch will increase.

Correct Answer is. pitch will decrease.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 52. Rotor tip vortices are strongest when.

Option A. hovering with high weight.

Option B. flying high speed in straight and level flight.

Option C. flying into a headwind.

Correct Answer is. hovering with high weight.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 53. Helicopter rotor blades produce lift by.

Option A. moving a small mass of air downwards slowly.

Option B. moving a large mass of air downwards quickly.

Option C. creating a lower pressure above the blade than below.

Correct Answer is. creating a lower pressure above the blade than below.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 54. During an autorotative decent, rotor RPM will be.

Option A. higher than in powered flight.

Option B. lower than in powered flight.

Option C. approximately the same as in powered flight.

Correct Answer is. higher than in powered flight.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 55. When the rotor blade increases its angle of attack, the centre of pressure.

Option A. moves forward.

Option B. moves rearwards.

Option C. does not move.

Correct Answer is. does not move.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 56. Autorotative force attempts to pull the rotor blade.

Option A. both in and against the direction of normal rotation.

Option B. against the direction of normal rotation.

Option C. in the direction of normal rotation.

Correct Answer is. in the direction of normal rotation.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 57. The ground effect is effective up to a height equalling.

Option A. the diameter of the rotor disc.

Option B. twice the diameter of the rotor disc.

Option C. the length of the fuselage.

Correct Answer is. the diameter of the rotor disc.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 58. Rotor blade sailing is a problem at.

Option A. normal rotor RPM in gusty conditions.

Option B. high rotor RPM at engine start up.

Option C. low rotor RPM at engine shut down.

Correct Answer is. low rotor RPM at engine shut down.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 59. The layer of air over the surface of an aerofoil which is slower moving, in relation to the rest of the

airflow, is known as.

Option A. boundary layer.

Option B. none of the above are correct.

Option C. camber layer.

Correct Answer is. boundary layer.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 60. When airflow velocity over an upper cambered surface of an aerofoil decreases, what takes place?.

Option A. Pressure increases, lift decreases.

Option B. Pressure increases, lift increases.

Option C. Pressure decreases, lift increases.

Correct Answer is. Pressure increases, lift decreases.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 61. What is a controlling factor of turbulence and skin friction?.

Option A. Aspect ratio.

Option B. Countersunk rivets used on skin exterior.

Option C. Fineness ratio.

Correct Answer is. Countersunk rivets used on skin exterior.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 62. Changes in aircraft weight.

Option A. will only affect total drag if the lift is kept constant.

Option B. cause corresponding changes in total drag due to the associated lift change.

Option C. will not affect total drag since it is dependant only upon speed.

Correct Answer is. cause corresponding changes in total drag due to the associated lift change.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 63. When an aerofoil stalls.

Option A. lift decreases and drag increases.

Option B. lift and drag increase.

Option C. lift increases and drag decreases.

Correct Answer is. lift decreases and drag increases.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 64. Airflow through the main rotor disc in autorotation is.

Option A. may be either up or down.

Option B. always up through the rotor disc.

Option C. always down through the rotor disc.

Correct Answer is. always up through the rotor disc.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 65. The blade stalling speed will.

Option A. only change if the MTWA were changed.

Option B. be unaffected by helicopter weight changes since it is dependant upon the angle of attack.

Option C. increase with an increase in helicopter weight.

Correct Answer is. increase with an increase in helicopter weight.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 66. Ground effect will be most apparent when.

Option A. taxiing in the hover.

Option B. hovering close to the ground.

Option C. taxiing on the ground.

Correct Answer is. hovering close to the ground.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 67. When entering into a stable autorotative state, the main rotor RPM will initially.

Option A. decrease.

Option B. increase.

Option C. be unaffected.

Correct Answer is. decrease.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 68. The stalling speed of an helicopter blade.

Option A. does not change.

Option B. is increased when the helicopter is heavier.

Option C. is increased when the helicopter is lighter.

Correct Answer is. is increased when the helicopter is heavier.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 69. Helicopters in forward flight are usually.

Option A. laterally stable.

Option B. directionally stable.

Option C. longitudinally stable.

Correct Answer is. directionally stable.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 70. Stability of a helicopter is its.

Option A. ability to return to original attitude after displacement.

Option B. ability to move in all 3 axis where and when required.

Option C. ability to hover at a fixed point above the ground.

Correct Answer is. ability to return to original attitude after displacement.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 71. In forward flight the relative air velocity at each blade.

Option A. is greatest for the advancing blade.

Option B. is greatest for the retreating blade.

Option C. is equal at all blades due to compensation.

Correct Answer is. is greatest for the advancing blade.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 72. What forces are acting on the helicopter during descent?.

Option A. Weight only.

Option B. Lift only.

Option C. Lift and weight.

Correct Answer is. Lift and weight.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 73. The ground cushion effect is apparent.

Option A. in the hover only.

Option B. in the hover and at low translational flight close to the ground.

Option C. on the ground only.

Correct Answer is. in the hover and at low translational flight close to the ground.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 74. If the angle of attack is increased on a main rotor blade.

Option A. there is an increase in drag.

Option B. there is a reduction in drag.

Option C. there is no change in drag.

Correct Answer is. there is an increase in drag.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 75. A helicopter main rotor blade may be tapered from root to tip to.

Option A. reduce the blade weight.

Option B. equalise lift along the blade.

Option C. reduce induced drag.

Correct Answer is. equalise lift along the blade.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 76. A helicopter main rotor blade is twisted from root to tip to.

Option A. permit the blade to straighten under aerodynamic load.

Option B. give the blade additional strength.

Option C. equalise lift along the blade.

Correct Answer is. equalise lift along the blade.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 77. Translational drift is.

Option A. the tendency for the aircraft to pitch nose up.

Option B. the tendency for the aircraft to turn to port.

Option C. the tendency for the aircraft to drift laterally.

Correct Answer is. the tendency for the aircraft to drift laterally.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 78. The choice of aerofoil section for a rotor blade is such that.

Option A. the C of P moves very slowly.

Option B. it has a stable centre of pressure.

Option C. the C of P moves rapidly in response to pitch changes.

Correct Answer is. it has a stable centre of pressure.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 79. When the rotor blade is flapping up, the angle of attack.

Option A. is greater than the pitch angle.

Option B. is less than the pitch angle.

Option C. remains the same as the pitch angle.

Correct Answer is. is less than the pitch angle.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 80. When the rotor blade is flapping down, the pitch angle.

Option A. is less than the angle of attack.

Option B. remains the same.

Option C. is greater than the angle of attack.

Correct Answer is. is less than the angle of attack.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 81. The tropopause exists at about.

Option A. 18,000 ft.

Option B. 36,000 ft.

Option C. 30,000 ft.

Correct Answer is. 36,000 ft.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 82. The rotor blades operate at the best Lift/Drag ratio when their.

Option A. angle of attack is 0 degrees.

Option B. angle of attack is about +3 degrees.

Option C. pitch angles closely approach the stall angle.

Correct Answer is. angle of attack is about +3 degrees.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 83. The centre of pressure of an aerofoil is that point on the cord line.

Option A. at which the highest pressure is said to act.

Option B. which moves most, with changes in angle of attack, if the section is symmetrical.

Option C. at which the lift forces resultant is said to act.

Correct Answer is. at which the lift forces resultant is said to act.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 84. A rotor blade's angle of attack is the.

Option A. same as the angle between reference plane and the axis of rotation of the disc.

Option B. same as the pitch angle.

Option C. angle between the relative airflow and the blade chord line.

Correct Answer is. angle between the relative airflow and the blade chord line.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 85. The main rotor assembly of a helicopter provides.

Option A. lift, a component of which is horizontal so thrust is obtained.

Option B. lift, but an unbalanced component in the direction of flight moves the aircraft forward.

Option C. both lift and horizontal thrust.

Correct Answer is. lift, a component of which is horizontal so thrust is obtained.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 86. An advantage of the symmetrical section blades used on helicopters is that.

Option A. the movement of the centre of pressure with changes of the angle of attack is greater than that of a fixed wing.

Option B. the position of the feather axis and the centre of pressure and centre of gravity coincide, providing stability.

Option C. the centre of pressure moves forward with changes in angle of attack.

Correct Answer is. the position of the feather axis and the centre of pressure and centre of gravity coincide, providing

stability

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 87. Which part of the rotor disc produces the most lift during forward flight?.

Option A. The mid-span portion.

Option B. The front portion.

Option C. The rear portion.

Correct Answer is. The front portion.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 88. The aerofoil shape of a main rotor blade is symmetrical in order to make the blade have.

Option A. the best possible autorotative characteristics.

Option B. a relatively stable centre of pressure position with changes in angle of attack.

Option C. the highest possible lift co-efficient when hovering.

Correct Answer is. a relatively stable centre of pressure position with changes in angle of attack.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 89. Aspect ratio is the ratio of the.

Option A. blade span to the chord.

Option B. disc diameter to the chord.

Option C. blade chord to the disc area.

Correct Answer is. blade span to the chord.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 90. Disc loading is defined as the.

Option A. ratio of blade area to disc area.

Option B. ratio of gross weight to total blade area.

Option C. ratio of gross weight to disc area.

Correct Answer is. ratio of gross weight to disc area.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 91. A helicopter has a main rotor which rotates anticlockwise viewed from above. What happens if a

loss of anti-torque device at cruise speed in flight?.

Option A. No appreciable change.

Option B. Nose pitches up slightly + yaw to right.

Option C. Nose pitches up slightly + yaw to left.

Correct Answer is. Nose pitches up slightly + yaw to right.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 92. With Auto RPM control 'Static Droop' is.

Option A. the RPM at which underswing occurs.

Option B. the initial drop in RPM.

Option C. the total fall in RPM.

Correct Answer is. the total fall in RPM.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 93. Over pitch causes.

Option A. a reduction in RPM.

Option B. an increase in RPM.

Option C. blades to cone up.

Correct Answer is. blades to cone up.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 94. A shrouded tail rotor.

Option A. has increased airflow so yaw can be controlled by the rudder.

Option B. gives control in pitch and yaw.

Option C. reduces need for cyclic feathering.

Correct Answer is. reduces need for cyclic feathering.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 95. In a helicopter with its main rotor turning anti-clockwise, which way does the aircraft tend to drift?.

Option A. Port if tail rotor is mounted on the left.

Option B. Port if tail rotor is mounted on the right.

Option C. Starboard, irrespective of which side the tail rotor is mounted on.

Correct Answer is. Starboard, irrespective of which side the tail rotor is mounted on.

Explanation. NIL.

12.02, Flight Control Systems.

Question Number. 1. The delta three system of stabilisation consists of.

Option A. ball joints.

Option B. angled hinges.

Option C. right angled hinges.

Correct Answer is. angled hinges.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 2. Rotor disc attitude is altered by.

Option A. swash plate & spider assembly.

Option B. ball & screw system.

Option C. rotating block.

Correct Answer is. swash plate & spider assembly.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 3. If the rotor disc is tilted then the helicopter will.

Option A. move in a direction opposite to the disc tilt.

Option B. move in the same direction as the disc tilt.

Option C. move in a direction perpendicular to the disc tilt.

Correct Answer is. move in the same direction as the disc tilt.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 4. The flapping hinge allows the rotor blade to move in.

Option A. at right angles to the relative airflow.

Option B. the vertical plane.

Option C. the horizontal plane.

Correct Answer is. the vertical plane.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 5. Too much pitch on the collective lever will cause.

Option A. increase in coning angle.

Option B. increase in rotor thrust.

Option C. both increase in rotor thrust and increase in coning angle.

Correct Answer is. increase in coning angle.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 6. The bearing used in a fibre pulley is.

Option A. a ball bearing.

Option B. a roller bearing.

Option C. a plain bearing.

Correct Answer is. a ball bearing.

Explanation. Ball bearings are used in fibre pulleys.

Question Number. 7. When the primary stops fitted to a control run have been contacted.

Option A. the secondary stops will just be in contact.

Option B. a clearance exists at the secondary stops.

Option C. the secondary stops have been over-ridden.

Correct Answer is. a clearance exists at the secondary stops.

Explanation. The clearance is on the secondary stops.

Question Number. 8. Excessive wear on both sides of the control cable pulley groove is evidence of.

Option A. pulley misalignment.

Option B. excessive cable tension.

Option C. cable misalignment.

Correct Answer is. pulley misalignment.

Explanation. Jeppesen A&P Technician Airframe Textbook Page 1-45.

Question Number. 9. A flying control static friction check.

Option A. can only be carried out during flight.

Option B. demonstrates the force the pilot requires to overcome system inertia and move the controls.

Option C. will demonstrate that a high force is always necessary to operate non-powered controls.

Correct Answer is. demonstrates the force the pilot requires to overcome system inertia and move the controls.

Explanation. A static friction check demonstrates the force the pilot requires to overcome system inertia and move the

controls.

Question Number. 10. The main rotor scissor link connects.

Option A. to swashplate for collective input.

Option B. the rotating part of the swash plate to the shaft.

Option C. both parts of swashplate.

Correct Answer is. the rotating part of the swash plate to the shaft.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 11. The ability of the blade to move up and down is.

Option A. feathering.

Option B. flapping.

Option C. dragging.

Correct Answer is. flapping.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 12. The collective control adjust the pitch angle of the rotor blades.

Option A. equally.

Option B. increases the angle on the advancing blade and reduces it on the retreating one.

Option C. increases the angle on the retreating blade and reduces it on the advancing one.

Correct Answer is. equally.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 13. If you change the plane of rotation of the rotor blades, the helicopter.

Option A. accelerates perpendicular to direction in which the blades are tilted.

Option B. accelerates in the direction in which the blades are tilted.

Option C. accelerates in the opposite direction to which the blades are tilted.

Correct Answer is. accelerates in the direction in which the blades are tilted.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 14. Over-pitch of the collective lever will alter the pitch on all blades equally. This will cause.

Option A. a decrease in lift with an increase in engine RPM.

Option B. an increase in lift with an increase in engine RPM.

Option C. a decrease in lift with a decrease in engine RPM.

Correct Answer is. a decrease in lift with a decrease in engine RPM.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 15. The primary purpose of the tail rotor is.

Option A. to give directional control.

Option B. to counteract torque.

Option C. to give lateral stability.

Correct Answer is. to counteract torque.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 16. In straight and level forward flight, the rotor disc will be tilted down.

Option A. at 90 degrees to the direction of flight.

Option B. opposite to the direction of flight.

Option C. in the direction of flight.

Correct Answer is. in the direction of flight.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 17. Directional control is about the.

Option A. lateral axis.

Option B. normal axis.

Option C. longitudinal axis.

Correct Answer is. normal axis.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 18. The reason for fitting a tail rotor on a helicopter is.

Option A. to prevent sideways drift.

Option B. to ensure thrust is in the same direction as the couple produced by the engine torque.

Option C. to counteract torque.

Correct Answer is. to counteract torque.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 19. What is the purpose of flapping restrainers?.

Option A. To restrict blade flapping at low rotor RPM.

Option B. To restrict the blade from flapping during flight.

Option C. To control the speed of a blade as it flaps during flight.

Correct Answer is. To restrict blade flapping at low rotor RPM.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 20. What position are the droop stops during flight?.

Option A. In' during forward flight only.

Option B. Always 'in' during flight.

Option C. Always 'out' during flight.

Correct Answer is. Always 'out' during flight.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 21. The coning angle of the rotor blades is the angle between.

Option A. the horizontal and the rotor blades.

Option B. the rotor blades and the tip path plane.

Option C. the normal axis and the rotor blades.

Correct Answer is. the rotor blades and the tip path plane.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 22. To lift the helicopter vertically into the hover, the.

Option A. collective pitch lever has to be lowered.

Option B. cyclic pitch lever has to be raised.

Option C. collective pitch lever has to be raised.

Correct Answer is. collective pitch lever has to be raised.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 23. In straight and level flight, the forward air speed is controlled by the.

Option A. cyclic stick and the throttle.

Option B. the cyclic stick and the collective lever.

Option C. collective lever and the throttle.

Correct Answer is. the cyclic stick and the collective lever.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 24. The purpose of the autopilot servo-motor torque setting is to.

Option A. damp the system oscillation.

Option B. protect the servo motor.

Option C. prevent control surface runaway.

Correct Answer is. prevent control surface runaway.

Explanation. Automatic Flight Control Pallett and Coyle.

Question Number. 25. A delta 3 hinge is fitted to some tail rotors to.

Option A. vary the blade angle of attack as the rotor flaps to equality.

Option B. enable the tail rotor to be folded for hangar stowage.

Option C. allow the tail rotor to turn at its optimum speed.

Correct Answer is. vary the blade angle of attack as the rotor flaps to equality.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 26. Hookes joint is.

Option A. the attachment at the drag dampers.

Option B. a suspicious cigarette end, left by the captain.

Option C. a non-constant velocity, universal joint.

Correct Answer is. a non-constant velocity, universal joint.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 27. Raising the collective pitch lever would increase the torque to the rotor head requiring.

Option A. decrease in torque at the tail rotor.

Option B. an increase in pitch at the tail rotor.

Option C. an increase in speed of the tail rotor.

Correct Answer is. an increase in pitch at the tail rotor.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 28. Pitch trimming in autopilot is initiated by.

Option A. continued pitch input.

Option B. pitch of aircraft in cruise.

Option C. C of G movement.

Correct Answer is. continued pitch input.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 29. A fully articulated rotor head would incorporate.

Option A. flapping hinges, feathering hinges and delta hinges.

Option B. flapping hinges, delta hinges and drag hinges.

Option C. feathering hinges, drag hinges and flapping hinges.

Correct Answer is. feathering hinges, drag hinges and flapping hinges.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 30. When moving the helicopter from the hover to forward flight a phenomena known as flap back

occurs. To over come this the pilot has to.

Option A. ease back on the cyclic stick.

Option B. ease down on the collective lever.

Option C. increase the push on the cyclic stick.

Correct Answer is. increase the push on the cyclic stick.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 31. Drag dampers.

Option A. control blade lead and lag movement.

Option B. reduce the movement about the feathering hinges.

Option C. reduce the induced drag from the rotor head.

Correct Answer is. control blade lead and lag movement.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 32. Tail rotors are positioned in the same horizontal plane as the main rotor head to.

Option A. allow for flare out during auto-rotation.

Option B. minimize the rolling couple.

Option C. counteract tail rotor drift.

Correct Answer is. minimize the rolling couple.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 33. In an auto trim system, for the trim system to operate.

Option A. operation of the trim controls is required.

Option B. autopilot must be engaged.

Option C. autopilot need not be engaged.

Correct Answer is. autopilot need not be engaged.

Explanation. Automatic Flight Control, Pallett Page 213 - 218.

Question Number. 34. Autorotation is best achieved from.

Option A. an altitude of 300 ft and hovering.

Option B. an altitude of 1000 ft with an air speed of 100 knots.

Option C. an altitude of 250 ft with an air speed of 35 knots.

Correct Answer is. an altitude of 1000 ft with an air speed of 100 knots.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 35. The purpose of the autopilot servo-motor torque setting is to.

Option A. dampen oscillations.

Option B. provide autopilot feedback.

Option C. prevent control surface runaway.

Correct Answer is. prevent control surface runaway.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 36. Phase lag is.

Option A. the difference between pilot input and maximum blade flap.

Option B. the difference between maximum pitch and minimum blade flap.

Option C. the difference maximum increase pitch and maximum blade flap up.

Correct Answer is. the difference maximum increase pitch and maximum blade flap up.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 37. The Delta Three stability system is based on which principle?.

Option A. Flapping hinges.

Option B. Gyroscopic.

Option C. Drag hinges.

Correct Answer is. Flapping hinges.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 38. Flapping of blades is with respect to.

Option A. the vertical plane.

Option B. relative airflow and angle of attack.

Option C. the horizontal plane.

Correct Answer is. the vertical plane.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 39. The throttle hand grip is located on the.

Option A. throttle box.

Option B. cyclic stick.

Option C. collective lever.

Correct Answer is. collective lever.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 40. The rotor tip path is tilted.

Option A. 90 degrees to the direction of flight.

Option B. in the direction of flight.

Option C. in the opposite direction of flight.

Correct Answer is. in the direction of flight.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 41. When raising the collective lever.

Option A. the pitch is increased on all blades.

Option B. the angle of attack is decreased on the retreating blade.

Option C. the pitch is decreased on all blades.

Correct Answer is. the pitch is increased on all blades.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 42. The rotor head is driven by the engine through.

Option A. the reduction gearbox, the swash plate and the pitch change assembly.

Option B. the ancillary gearbox, the drive shaft and the swash plate.

Option C. the reduction gearbox and the drive shaft.

Correct Answer is. the reduction gearbox and the drive shaft.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 43. In a helicopter with a main rotor rotating anti-clockwise (when viewed from above), moves into

rearward translational flight, maximum pitch is applied.

Option A. to the right of the aircrafts longitudinal axis.

Option B. to the left of the aircrafts longitudinal axis.

Option C. forward of the aircrafts lateral axis.

Correct Answer is. to the right of the aircrafts longitudinal axis.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 44. Movement of the collective pitch lever will.

Option A. alter the pitch on all the blades equally.

Option B. alter the pitch of the advancing blades more than the retreating blades.

Option C. tilt the swash plate forward.

Correct Answer is. alter the pitch on all the blades equally.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 45. A helicopter tail rotor is fitted to.

Option A. counteract rotor torque and provide a rapid turn facility.

Option B. counteract engine torque and provide normal directional control.

Option C. permit directional control.

Correct Answer is. counteract engine torque and provide normal directional control.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 46. The Coriolis effect on a helicopter means.

Option A. the blade that flaps down will speed up.

Option B. the axis of rotation is not perpendicular to the plane of rotation.

Option C. the blade which flaps up will accelerate.

Correct Answer is. the blade which flaps up will accelerate.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 47. The ability of the blade to move up and down is.

Option A. feathering.

Option B. flapping.

Option C. dragging.

Correct Answer is. flapping.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 48. An artificial feel system is necessary in a powered flying control system to.

Option A. prevent overloading of the power control units.

Option B. increasing the sensitivity of the control system.

Option C. provide the pilot with simulated stick forces.

Correct Answer is. provide the pilot with simulated stick forces.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 49. In the event of hydraulic failure in a power control system, a requirement of the manual reversion

is that it must be

Option A. possible, but not recommended.

Option B. automatic and instantaneous.

Option C. operated by the standby hydraulic system.

Correct Answer is. automatic and instantaneous.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 50. The purpose of control cable regulators is to.

Option A. compensate for high temperature only.

Option B. maintain preset cable tensions during flight.

Option C. compensate for low temperature only.

Correct Answer is. maintain preset cable tensions during flight.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 51. Range of movements of power operated flying control surfaces are limited by.

Option A. travel of the jack body.

Option B. travel of the jack ram.

Option C. mechanical stops in the control system.

Correct Answer is. mechanical stops in the control system.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 52. The purpose of the Servo Valve in a power operated control is.

Option A. to direct hydraulic fluid to the jack in response to the pilots control in cockpit.

Option B. to revert the system to manual operation.

Option C. to provide pressure to operate the control.

Correct Answer is. to direct hydraulic fluid to the jack in response to the pilots control in cockpit.

Explanation. Jeppesen A & P Technician Textbook page 12-38.

Question Number. 53. The tip path plane is tilted.

Option A. 90 after in the direction that the cyclic stick is moved by.

Option B. 90 in advance of the direction the cyclic stick is moved by.

Option C. in the same direction as the cyclic stick is moved.

Correct Answer is. in the same direction as the cyclic stick is moved.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 54. A tail rotor control is rigged so that it can move from positive pitch through neutral to negative

pitch. This is to.

Option A. enable full control in powered flight.

Option B. enable full control in the hover.

Option C. enable full control in autorotation.

Correct Answer is. enable full control in autorotation.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 55. The collective lever controls.

Option A. the vertical movement of the helicopter.

Option B. the horizontal movement of the helicopter.

Option C. controls the helicopter movement about the vertical axis.

Correct Answer is. the vertical movement of the helicopter.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 56. The main rotor head hydraulic damper beam has been over tensioned. This would cause.

Option A. too much stability and over sensitive controls.

Option B. too much stability and less sensitive controls.

Option C. instability and over sensitive controls.

Correct Answer is. instability and over sensitive controls.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 57. Powered flying control actuators.

Option A. transmit pilot input to the control surfaces.

Option B. provide feedback to the pilot.

Option C. are operated by the autopilot only.

Correct Answer is. transmit pilot input to the control surfaces.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 58. During translational flight, a tandem rotor helicopter is controlled by.

Option A. the rear rotor only is tilted.

Option B. the forward rotor only is tilted.

Option C. both the forward rotor and the rear rotors independently.

Correct Answer is. both the forward rotor and the rear rotors independently.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 59. In a power assisted flight control system, the feel required is normally supplied by.

Option A. Q' feel.

Option B. stretching springs.

Option C. air loads on the control surfaces.

Correct Answer is. air loads on the control surfaces.

Explanation. AL/3-7 8.1 and 8.2.1 Power 'assisted' controls have aerodynamic feedback. Power 'operated' controls use a Q feel

system.

Question Number. 60. Irreversibility of a fully powered control system is provided by.

Option A. the jack ram being attached to structure.

Option B. nulling of the servo valve.

Option C. air loads on the blades.

Correct Answer is. nulling of the servo valve.

Explanation. Nulling the servo valve produces a hydraulic lock.

Question Number. 61. Powered flight control systems are used on large helicopters.

Option A. because the pilot has too many tasks to perform.

Option B. due to the increase in speed and size of aircraft.

Option C. because at low level air density is high.

Correct Answer is. due to the increase in speed and size of aircraft.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 62. Under heavy stick loads, the button on the cyclic stick would be used to.

Option A. reposition force trim.

Option B. disengage force trim.

Option C. engage force trim.

Correct Answer is. reposition force trim.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 63. How do the rotors turn on a co-axial rotor system?.

Option A. They counter-rotate on a common shaft.

Option B. Both rotate in the same direction on a common shaft.

Option C. They counter-rotate on separate shafts.

Correct Answer is. They counter-rotate on a common shaft.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 64. "In autorotation, what is the initial effect on the rotor

when the cyclic control lever is pulled back?."

Option A. The rotor will slow down.

Option B. The rotor speed will be unaffected.

Option C. The rotor will initially speed up.

Correct Answer is. The rotor will initially speed up.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 65. What is the difference between transient and static droop?.

Option A. Over-swing.

Option B. Centrifugal latches.

Option C. Under-swing.

Correct Answer is. Under-swing.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 66. When lifting the collective lever during an autorotative descent the rotor RPM will.

Option A. remain the same.

Option B. reduce.

Option C. increase.

Correct Answer is. reduce.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 67. Moving the collective lever results in the pitch on the rotor blades.

Option A. changing the same amount in different directions.

Option B. remaining the same.

Option C. changing the same amount in the same direction.

Correct Answer is. changing the same amount in the same direction.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 68. Moving the cyclic stick forward results in.

Option A. advancing blade flapping up.

Option B. pitch angle of all blades decreasing.

Option C. retreating blade flapping up.

Correct Answer is. advancing blade flapping up.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 69. Rotor heads incorporate elastomeric bearings because.

Option A. they reduce rotational loads.

Option B. they are easier to maintain.

Option C. they reduce oscillatory loads.

Correct Answer is. they are easier to maintain.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 70. In forward flight, pitch on the retreating blade is.

Option A. decreased.

Option B. the same.

Option C. increased.

Correct Answer is. increased.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 71. During the transition from the hover to forward flight, the helicopter requires.

Option A. less power.

Option B. more power.

Option C. no change in power.

Correct Answer is. more power.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 72. Dissymmetry of lift in a helicopter main rotor is

counteracted by.

Option A. cyclic feathering.

Option B. permitting the rotor blade to flap.

Option C. biasing the stick to port.

Correct Answer is. permitting the rotor blade to flap.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 73. Pulleys in a flight control system are made from.

Option A. stainless steel.

Option B. brass.

Option C. Tufnol or aluminium alloy.

Correct Answer is. Tufnol or aluminium alloy.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 74. The mixing unit connects.

Option A. the engine fuel and air.

Option B. the cyclic and collective controls.

Option C. the pitot and static systems.

Correct Answer is. the cyclic and collective controls.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 75. How does a semi-rigid rotor overcome dissymmetry of lift?.

Option A. A teetering head.

Option B. Drag hinges.

Option C. Flapping hinges.

Correct Answer is. A teetering head.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 76. The tail rotor is subject to.

Option A. negative torque.

Option B. both positive and negative torque.

Option C. positive torque.

Correct Answer is. positive torque.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 77. A tension regulator in the flight control cable system of a large all metal helicopter is used primarily

to.

Option A. retain a set tension.

Option B. increase cable tension in cold weather.

Option C. decrease cable tension in cold weather.

Correct Answer is. retain a set tension.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 78. Manual trim with the autopilot disengaged is normally achieved by.

Option A. pressing the trim release button and moving the cyclic stick.

Option B. dedicated trim switches on the autopilot control panel

Option C. moving the 'coolie hat'

Correct Answer is. pressing the trim release button and moving the cyclic stick.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 79. Moving the 'coolie hat' with the autopilot engaged.

Option A. allows autopilot commands to move the aircraft slowly in pitch and roll.

Option B. disengages the autopilot and allows the pilot to manually control the aircraft.

Option C. allows autopilot commands to move the aircraft quickly in pitch and roll.

Correct Answer is. allows autopilot commands to move the aircraft slowly in pitch and roll.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 80. Moving the cyclic stick and pressing the force trim button.

Option A. allows the autopilot to command rapid change in pitch and roll.

Option B. allows manual pilot commands to quickly manoeuvre the aircraft and on release of the button, autopilot holds

new datum.

Option C. allows manual pilot commands to quickly manoeuvre the aircraft and on release returns the aircraft to the

original datum.

Correct Answer is. allows manual pilot commands to quickly manoeuvre the aircraft and on release returns the aircraft to the.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 81. When in the hover the pilot applies a force on the pedals and the.

Option A. autopilot disengages.

Option B. autopilot stores original heading on the heading..

Option C. autopilot integrator and returns aircraft to original heading when motion stops.

Correct Answer is. autopilot stores original heading on the heading integrator and returns aircraft to original heading when

motion stops.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 82. Where an auxiliary servo unit is used to apply autopilot commands to the controls, feedback is

provided by.

Option A. LVDT.

Option B. control synchros.

Option C. mechanical feedback through linkages.

Correct Answer is. LVDT.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 83. The engagement of an helipilot.

Option A. can be engaged with just either the roll or the pitch channel.

Option B. must have at least the roll channel engaged.

Option C. requires all channels to be engaged at the same time.

Correct Answer is. requires all channels to be engaged at the same time.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 84. A dual helipilot develops a single channel runaway. The twin actuator position indicator will display.

Option A. one indicator central the other on full scale deflection.

Option B. both indicators at full scale deflection, in the same direction.

Option C. both indicators at full scale deflection at opposite ends.

Correct Answer is. both indicators at full scale deflection at opposite ends.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 85. The attitude of a helicopter about the normal axis is controlled by the variation of.

Option A. tail rotor cyclic pitch.

Option B. collective pitch.

Option C. tail rotor collective pitch.

Correct Answer is. tail rotor collective pitch.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 86. Each individual blade of a semi-rigid rotor system is able to independently.

Option A. flap, feather and drag.

Option B. flap only.

Option C. flap and feather.

Correct Answer is. flap and feather.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 87. If the c of g of a helicopter is aft of its permitted range it will.

Option A. prevent the pilot from attaining maximum forward speed.

Option B. have no noticeable effect.

Option C. prevent the pilot from attaining maximum rearward speed.

Correct Answer is. prevent the pilot from attaining maximum forward speed.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 88. A series actuator will cause movement of the.

Option A. pilots control and the control run.

Option B. pilots control only.

Option C. control run only.

Correct Answer is. control run only.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 89. A series actuator in a helicopter autopilot system has.

Option A. 10% authority.

Option B. 50% authority.

Option C. full authority.

Correct Answer is. 10% authority.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 90. If a pilot is slow to put down collective after engine failure.

Option A. RPM stays the same.

Option B. RPM increases.

Option C. RPM decreases.

Correct Answer is. RPM decreases.

Explanation. NIL.

12.03, Blade Tracking and Vibration Analysis.

Question Number. 1. A tracking check is to ensure that.

Option A. all blades make the same tip path.

Option B. all actuators are at neutral.

Option C. the coning angle is correct.

Correct Answer is. all blades make the same tip path

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 2. Tracking on a helicopter means.

Option A. that all the main rotor blades travel in the same tip path plane.

Option B. that the tail rotor keeps the aircraft on the correct track during forward flight.

Option C. that the blades are subjected to leading edge hecks with a straight edge.

Correct Answer is. that all the main rotor blades travel in the same tip path plane.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 3. Range of movements of power operated helicopter controls are limited by.

Option A. travel of the jack body.

Option B. mechanical stops in the control system.

Option C. travel of the jack ram.

Correct Answer is. mechanical stops in the control system.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 4. When carrying out blade tracking, using the flag method.

Option A. the collective pitch lever would be fully down.

Option B. the collective pitch lever would be mid-way between the down stop and the up stop.

Option C. the cyclic stick would be fully forward.

Correct Answer is. the collective pitch lever would be fully down.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 5. What is the process called on a semi-rigid rotor head where the blade C of G is put into the correct

position?.

Option A. Aligning.

Option B. Tracking.

Option C. Flapping.

Correct Answer is. Aligning.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 6. Vibration in a rotor head is reduced by.

Option A. a swash plate.

Option B. a scissor link.

Option C. a Bifilar Pendulum Absorber vibration assembly.

Correct Answer is. a Bifilar Pendulum Absorber vibration assembly.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 7. Medium vibration of 4 to 6 times per revolution is experienced on a helicopter. The primary control

method is.

Option A. design of engine and gearbox supports.

Option B. inspect loose fixtures and fittings.

Option C. inspect main rotor head and main drive shaft.

Correct Answer is. design of engine and gearbox supports.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 8. What causes lateral vibration?.

Option A. Tail drive shaft misalignment.

Option B. Loose load/vibration absorber.

Option C. Main rotor head.

Correct Answer is. Main rotor head.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 9. A soft hydraulic damper causes.

Option A. 1/rev lateral vibration.

Option B. 1/rev lateral and vertical vibration.

Option C. 1/rev vertical vibration.

Correct Answer is. 1/rev lateral vibration.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 10. With vibrations from a tail rotor and aggravated by movements of the rotor peddles the fault is.

Option A. in the drive system.

Option B. play in the feathering control links.

Option C. play in the control rods and cables.

Correct Answer is. in the drive system.

Explanation. NIL.

12.04, Transmissions.

Question Number. 1. The purpose of the scissor links on a swash plate are.

Option A. to drive the driven part of the swash plate and hold the fixed part.

Option B. hold both parts of the swash plate together.

Option C. transmit drive from the gearbox to the driven part of the swash plate.

Correct Answer is. transmit drive from the gearbox to the driven part of the swash plate.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 2. The clutch on a piston helicopter is positioned.

Option A. between the engine and the engine reduction gearbox.

Option B. between the engine reduction gearbox and the main rotor gearbox.

Option C. between the main rotor gearbox and the rotor head.

Correct Answer is. between the engine reduction gearbox and the main rotor gearbox.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 3. A rotor brake is located.

Option A. between the engine and the free power turbine.

Option B. between the main rotor gearbox and the rotor head.

Option C. between the free power turbine and the main rotor gearbox.

Correct Answer is. between the main rotor gearbox and the rotor head.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 4. The intermediate gearbox is.

Option A. an epicyclic gearbox.

Option B. a bevel gearbox.

Option C. a reduction gearbox.

Correct Answer is. a reduction gearbox.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 5. To check for correct meshing on a helical gear you would use.

Option A. a dial test indicator.

Option B. Prussian blue.

Option C. feeler gauges.

Correct Answer is. Prussian blue.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 6. The HUMS receives signals from.

Option A. transponders.

Option B. transformers.

Option C. transducers.

Correct Answer is. transducers.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 7. The oil system used in helicopter gear boxes is.

Option A. pumped oil via replaceable, non-adjustable specific jets.

Option B. splash.

Option C. pumped oil via non replaceable, adjustable specific jets.

Correct Answer is. pumped oil via replaceable, non-adjustable specific jets.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 8. On a gear box quill drive with a master shim.

Option A. shim must stay with gear box.

Option B. shim is replaced with quill drive.

Option C. size, thickness + location of shim is given on gearbox.

Correct Answer is. shim must stay with gear box.

Explanation. NIL.

12.05a, Airframe Structures.

Question Number. 1. When doing a bonding check the maximum resistance between component and earth is.

Option A. 0.005 ohms.

Option B. 1/50 ohms.

Option C. 50 milliohms.

Correct Answer is. 50 milliohms.

Explanation. CAIPs EEL/1-6 3.8.

Question Number. 2. What kind of seal is used on firewall bulkheads?.

Option A. Fire-proof grommets.

Option B. None is required.

Option C. Soft rubber.

Correct Answer is. Fire-proof grommets.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 3. How is damage to the nose cone of an helicopter prevented during a lightning strike?.

Option A. Earthing Strap.

Option B. Special paint.

Option C. Bonding Strip.

Correct Answer is. Bonding Strip.

Explanation. Aircraft Electricity and Avionics (5th Edition) Eismin Page 343.

Question Number. 4. The two stages in a good adhesive bond are.

Option A. wetting and gripping.

Option B. wetting and Setting.

Option C. spreading and setting.

Correct Answer is. wetting and Setting.

Explanation. A module 7 questions. The two processes in adhesive bonding is 'wetting and setting'.

Question Number. 5. Tension is the stress of.

Option A. elongating or stretch.

Option B. crush or compression.

Option C. twisting.

Correct Answer is. elongating or stretch.

Explanation. Tension is the stress of elongation or stretch.

Question Number. 6. A Fuselage Station is a.

Option A. lateral point on helicopter wing.

Option B. lateral point on helicopter fuse.

Option C. longitudinal point on the helicopter fuselage.

Correct Answer is. longitudinal point on the helicopter fuselage.

Explanation. Fuselage Stations are longitudinal measurements on the fuselage.

Question Number. 7. Prior to aluminium alloy bonding, we use.

Option A. solvent etch.

Option B. acid etch.

Option C. alkaline etch.

Correct Answer is. acid etch.

Explanation. Phosphoric acid and chromic acid wash.

Question Number. 8. The purpose of a primer is to.

Option A. provide shiny surface for the topcoat.

Option B. help bonding of the topcoat.

Option C. provide flexible surface for the top coat.

Correct Answer is. help bonding of the topcoat.

Explanation. CAIPs BL/6-20 PAra.2.1.

Question Number. 9. Acrylic windows must be able to flex in-situ because they have.

Option A. larger coefficient of expansion than surrounding structure.

Option B. smaller coefficient of expansion than surrounding structure.

Option C. slight shrinkage due to age.

Correct Answer is. larger coefficient of expansion than surrounding structure.

Explanation. Acrylic has a thermal expansion approximately 8x that of aluminium alloy.

Question Number. 10. A cargo bay must have signs stating.

Option A. maximum dimensions.

Option B. no hazardous cargo.

Option C. maximum loadings.

Correct Answer is. maximum loadings.

Explanation. Usually, pallet size is fixed, but the weight is critical.

Question Number. 11. Composite materials are bonded by.

Option A. special paint.

Option B. copper wire.

Option C. aluminium wire.

Correct Answer is. special paint.

Explanation. CAAIPs Leaflet 9-1 3.4.4.

Question Number. 12. Zone D Cargo compartment windows.

Option A. are made from fire retardant Perspex.

Option B. must be blanked off.

Option C. must have blinds pulled down.

Correct Answer is. must be blanked off.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 13. A fire zone in which a crew member could enter to fight a fire is.

Option A. class B.

Option B. class E.

Option C. class A.

Correct Answer is. class A.

Explanation. Transport Category Aircraft Systems Page 9-3 and JAR 25.857.

Question Number. 14. ATA Zone 100 is.

Option A. lower fuselage.

Option B. upper fuselage.

Option C. the rotor.

Correct Answer is. lower fuselage.

Explanation. ATA Zone 100 is lower fuselage (below floor).

Question Number. 15. In semi-monocoque construction, compression loads are taken by.

Option A. stringers.

Option B. frames.

Option C. bulkheads.

Correct Answer is. stringers.

Explanation. CAIP AL/7-2 para 2.6 (last sentence).

Question Number. 16. The bonding lead to a remote aircraft component must be.

Option A. 22 AWG.

Option B. 0.25 in wide and 22 AWG.

Option C. 0.5 in wide.

Correct Answer is. 0.5 in wide.

Explanation. CAAIPs Leaflet 9-1 Para. 3.3.1 (a).

Question Number. 17. Most large transport helicopter skins are.

Option A. 70 75.

Option B. 20 24.

Option C. 50 56.

Correct Answer is. 20 24.

Explanation. Jeppesen A&P Technician Airframe Textbook 2-8.

Question Number. 18. What force is an I-Beam subjected to?.

Option A. Bending.

Option B. Tension.

Option C. Shear.

Correct Answer is. Bending.

Explanation. An I beam is subject to Bending, although different parts of it are subject to tension (upper boom) and shear (the

web).

Question Number. 19. A radome is protected from static electricity build-up by.

Option A. bonding strips.

Option B. special conductive grease.

Option C. conductive paint.

Correct Answer is. conductive paint.

Explanation. CAIPs RL/2-5 Para 3.5.

Question Number. 20. Which of the following statements is correct, in relation to PLI washers used in critical bolted

joints?.

Option A. PLI washers can be affected by thread or nut friction or by lubrication.

Option B. PLI washers can be used more than once, providing they are used in critical bolted joints.

Option C. PLI washers can only be used with self locking nuts and the washers should be used once.

Correct Answer is. PLI washers can only be used with self locking nuts and the washers should be used once.

Explanation. CAIPs AL/7-8 Para 4.5.4.

Question Number. 21. Precise points are located on an helicopter by a system of.

Option A. frame stations, vertical lines and lateral lines.

Option B. frame stations, water lines and buttock lines.

Option C. longitudinal, vertical and lateral lines.

Correct Answer is. frame stations, water lines and buttock lines.

Explanation. CAIPs AL/7-2 para 6.

Question Number. 22. Windscreen delamination is.

Option A. bubbling of the glass due to overheat.

Option B. separation of the glass from the vinyl interlayer.

Option C. windscreen peeling away from the airframe.

Correct Answer is. separation of the glass from the vinyl interlayer.

Explanation. CAIPs AL/7-10 Para 5.1.1.

Question Number. 23. What is the ideal storage temperature for windscreen panels?.

Option A. 30 C to 50 C.

Option B. 50 F to 70 F.

Option C. 50 C to 70 C.

Correct Answer is. 50 F to 70 F.

Explanation. CAIPs AL/7-10 Para 6.1.

Question Number. 24. What is the maximum temperature of warm water which is used to clean dirty aircraft acrylic

panels?.

Option A. 104 F.

Option B. 125 F.

Option C. 40 F.

Correct Answer is. 104 F.

Explanation. CAIPs AL/7-4 Para 6.1 says 40 C, which is 104 F.

Question Number. 25. What opposes buckling in a semi-monocoque structure?.

Option A. Frames.

Option B. Stringers.

Option C. Bulkheads.

Correct Answer is. Stringers.

Explanation. CAIPs AL/7.2 para 3.3.

Question Number. 26. Which of the following is an example of a failsafe structure?.

Option A. Spar.

Option B. Longeron.

Option C. Stringer.

Correct Answer is. Stringer.

Explanation. Answer chosen due to a stringer's duplicity.

Question Number. 27. Damage tolerant design.

Option A. is applied only to secondary structure.

Option B. allows for damage to structure by distributing loads to other structure.

Option C. allows for certain damage to the structure to go un-repaired between scheduled maintenance.

Correct Answer is. allows for certain damage to the structure to go un-repaired between scheduled maintenance.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 28. In the ATA 100 zonal system the passenger entry door will have a designation of.

Option A. 800.

Option B. 400.

Option C. 600.

Correct Answer is. 800.

Explanation. Checkout most modern aircraft Maintenance Manuals for zonal locations.

Question Number. 29. In a monocoque structure, which component carries the majority of the loads?.

Option A. Longerons.

Option B. Stringers.

Option C. Skin.

Correct Answer is. Skin.

Explanation. A&P Mechanic Handbook Page 25-28.

Question Number. 30. Which anti-corrosive treatment is found on alloy steels?.

Option A. Zinc plating.

Option B. Cadmium plating.

Option C. Nickel plating.

Correct Answer is. Cadmium plating.

Explanation. CAIPs BL/7-2

Question Number. 31. What material can be chromated as a protection against corrosion?.

Option A. Magnesium alloys.

Option B. Ferrous alloys.

Option C. Aluminium alloys.

Correct Answer is. Magnesium alloys.

Explanation. CAIPs BL/7-3.

Question Number. 32. When carrying out a symmetry check on a large aircraft, what method of measurement is normally

used?.

Option A. Lateral alignment method.

Option B. Steel tape and spring balance.

Option C. Longitudinal alignment method.

Correct Answer is. Steel tape and spring balance.

Explanation. CAIPs AL/7-12 3.3.5 i.

Question Number. 33. How are passenger seats secured to the floor?.

Option A. By the front legs while the back attachment provides anti rattle.

Option B. By the back legs while the front attachment provides anti rattle.

Option C. By both front and back legs.

Correct Answer is. By the back legs while the front attachment provides anti rattle.

Explanation. The back legs are secured as they have the upward load during a sudden stop.

Question Number. 34. A material commonly used for bulkhead sealing is.

Option A. soft rubber.

Option B. PTFE.

Option C. aluminium.

Correct Answer is. soft rubber.

Explanation. CAIPs AL/7-2 para 3.9.

Question Number. 35. Shear stress is described as.

Option A. pulling forces.

Option B. slip away under the action of forces.

Option C. compressing forces.

Correct Answer is. slip away under the action of forces.

Explanation. The keyword is 'slip', but it is a terrible definition of shear stress.

Question Number. 36. The ground cable must be.

Option A. single strand 18 AWG.

Option B. single strand copper wire 0.5 in. cross sectional area.

Option C. copper stranded 0.5 in. cross sectional area.

Correct Answer is. single strand copper wire 0.5 in. cross sectional area.

Explanation. CAIPs EEL/1-6 3.3.1 a (i).

Question Number. 37. Paint remover substances.

Option A. should only be used once.

Option B. are damaging to some aircraft parts.

Option C. are not damaging to any aircraft parts.

Correct Answer is. are damaging to some aircraft parts.

Explanation. CAIPs BL/6-20 11.1.

Question Number. 38. How is the radome protected from lightning strike?.

Option A. Diverter strips.

Option B. Special paint.

Option C. Special grease on the hinges.

Correct Answer is. Diverter strips.

Explanation. CAIPs RL/2-5 3.4.2.

Question Number. 39. To remove a rivet.

Option A. chisel off the rivet head, and remove the shank with a metal punch.

Option B. drill the head with a drill bit the same size as the rivet shank, chisel off the rivet head, and remove the shank

with a metal punch.

Option C. drill the head with a drill bit slightly smaller than the rivet shank, chisel off the rivet head, and remove the shank

with a metal punch.

Correct Answer is. drill the head with a drill bit the same size as the rivet shank, chisel off the rivet head, and remove the

shank with a metal punch.

Explanation. CAAIPs Leaflet 6-4 3.7.1 says 'drill equal in diameter than that of the rivet', but CAIPs BL/6-29 para 10.1 says

'slightly smaller'. We chose the former, because it is current.

Question Number. 40. When acrylic and sheet metal is joined together, allowance should be made for.

Option A. expansion of the metal due to heat.

Option B. galvanic corrosion of the metal.

Option C. expansion of the acrylic due to heat.

Correct Answer is. expansion of the acrylic due to heat.

Explanation. AL/7-4 para 4.

Question Number. 41. If you short the two prongs with the single prong of a bonding tester together, what would the

gauge read?.

Option A. Centre scale.

Option B. Full scale deflection.

Option C. Zero.

Correct Answer is. Zero.

Explanation. CAIPs EEL/1-6 3.10.2 B.

Question Number. 42. Battery trays are.

Option A. metal for earthing purposes.

Option B. absorbent to soak up electrolyte.

Option C. metal with PVC coating and anti corrosive paint.

Correct Answer is. metal with PVC coating and anti corrosive paint.

Explanation. Aircraft Electrical Systems. Pallett Page 24.

Question Number. 43. The primary purpose of sealant in use in pressurised aircraft is.

Option A. to seal the cabin.

Option B. to prevent corrosion.

Option C. to provide external streamlining.

Correct Answer is. to seal the cabin.

Explanation. CAIP AL/7-2 para. 3.7 and. http://www.tpub.com/content/aviation/14022/css/14022_156.htm

Question Number. 44. Which of the following is Perspex resistant to?.

Option A. Kerosene.

Option B. MEK.

Option C. Acetone.

Correct Answer is. Kerosene.

Explanation. AL/7-4 2.3.

Question Number. 45. When installing a 'Hi-lock' bolt, it is necessary to.

Option A. lubricate the collar.

Option B. simply fit the bolt as they are prelubricated.

Option C. lubricate the shank and threads.

Correct Answer is. simply fit the bolt as they are prelubricated.

Explanation. NIL. http://www.hi-shear.com/fasteners

Question Number. 46. The web of an 'I' beam takes mainly which type of load?.

Option A. Tension.

Option B. Shear.

Option C. Bending.

Correct Answer is. Shear.

Explanation. A 'web' always takes shear loads.

Question Number. 47. A condition after which a permanent deformation of a material is caused, is known as.

Option A. strain.

Option B. bending.

Option C. shear.

Correct Answer is. strain.

Explanation. Strain is 'best' of the answers. Strain is 'deformation' but does not necessarily cause a permanentdeformation.

Question Number. 48. Sealant or levelling compound is installed during structure repair.

Option A. according to AMM and SRM chapter 51.

Option B. according to SB instructions.

Option C. according to separate manufacturer's documentations such as BAC.

Correct Answer is. according to AMM and SRM chapter 51.

Explanation. Chapter 51 is General Practices.

Question Number. 49. The purpose of the vinyl interlayer in window construction is.

Option A. to improve on brittle behaviour.

Option B. to increase static strength.

Option C. to enable inclusion of heater film.

Correct Answer is. to improve on brittle behaviour.

Explanation. AL/7-10 3.1.1.

Question Number. 50. Semi-monocoque construction.

Option A. offers good damage resistance.

Option B. utilizes the safe-life design concept.

Option C. is used only for the fuselage.

Correct Answer is. offers good damage resistance.

Explanation. Jepessen A & P Technician Airframe textbook page 1-3.

Question Number. 51. Most radio aerials are.

Option A. insulated from the fuselage.

Option B. bonded.

Option C. not bonded.

Correct Answer is. bonded.

Explanation. Jeppesen A&P Technician Airframe Textbook 12-56.

Question Number. 52. A bonded waffle doubler, as well as acting as a skin strengthener, also acts as a.C20

Option A. jury strut.

Option B. shear tie.

Option C. tear stopper.

Correct Answer is. tear stopper.

Explanation. CAIPs AL/7-2 (crack stopper band fig.4).

Question Number. 53. What are the faying surfaces of a repair?.

Option A. Material under repair.

Option B. Edges of repair metal.

Option C. Middle of repair.

Correct Answer is. Material under repair.

Explanation. Open to interpretation. We have gone for 'material under repair' as the surfaces joined together.

Question Number. 54. Why is a joggle joint used?.

Option A. So countersunk rivets do not need to be used.

Option B. Added strength.

Option C. Smooth contour of surface.

Correct Answer is. Smooth contour of surface.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 55. Secondary bonding is usually provided with.

Option A. stranded copper 0.25 inch.

Option B. 18 AWG.

Option C. single strand 0.25 inch.

Correct Answer is. 18 AWG.

Explanation. CAAIPs Leaflet 9-1 3.3.1 (a) (ii).

Question Number. 56. The term 'empennage' incorporates.

Option A. tail rotor, vertical stabilizer and tail rotor gearbox.

Option B. landing gear, wheels, brakes and tyres.

Option C. rotor blades, rotor head and main gearbox.

Correct Answer is. tail rotor, vertical stabilizer and tail rotor gearbox.

Explanation. NIL.

Question Number. 57. Dissimilar metal fusion bonding is best for.

Option A. high strength, h