MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/1 MODULE 2:
FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM By David Saussi Slide 2 MODULE 2: FRENCH
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/2 1. Introduction 2. Historical
Point of View 3. Organisation 4. Industry and Research links with
Education 5. Comparisons and Comments Slide 3 MODULE 2: FRENCH
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/3 1. Introduction 2. Historical
Point of View 3. Organisation 4. Industry and Research links with
Education 5. Comparisons and Comments Slide 4 MODULE 2: FRENCH
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/4 1.1 Brief introduction of the
speaker 1. Introduction - Engineering degree from ENSAE SUPAERO
(Aeronautics & Aerospace Superior National School) (Toulouse,
FRANCE, 2004) - Master of Science in Electrical Engineering (cole
Polytechnique de Montral) (Montral, CANADA, 2004) - Presently,
double Ph. D. between France & Canada and teacher at the cole
Polytechnique de Montral - Concerns: Control systems engineering,
robust control, fly-by- wire Slide 5 MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL
SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/5 1.2 Presentation schedule 1. Introduction
Morning (9am - 12am with a short break) - Historical Point of View
- Organisation Afternoon (2pm - 4pm) - Research and Industry -
Comparisons and Comments Slide 6 MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL
SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/6 1. Introduction 2. Historical Point of
View 3. Organisation 4. Industry and Research links with Education
5. Comparisons and Comments Slide 7 MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL
SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/7 2. History Ancient HistoryEarly Middle
Ages High Middle Ages Late Middle Ages XIV-XV centuries XI-XIII
centuries V-X centuries VIII century: Charlemagne entrusts the
Church with the education 2.1 From Ancient History to Middle Ages
2. Historical Point of View Slide 8 MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL
SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/8 2. History - King of the Franks from 768
to 814 - Regarded as the founding father of both France and
Germany, and sometimes Father of Europe - Entrusts the Church with
the scholarship 2.2 Charlemagne Charlemagne, portrait by A. Drer 2.
Historical Point of View Slide 9 MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL
SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/9 2. History 2.3 From Renaissance to
Napoleon 2. Historical Point of View Slide 10 MODULE 2: FRENCH
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/10 2. History - General of the
French revolution - First Consul of French republic from 1799 to
1804 - Then, emperor from 1804 to 1814 - 1801: lyces (high schools)
are created - 1802: Concordat between Napoleon and Pie VII, the
Church is now controlled by the State - 1808: Napoleon creates the
Baccalaurat 2.4 Napoleon (1769 -1821) Napoleon, portrait by J. L.
David 2. Historical Point of View Slide 11 MODULE 2: FRENCH
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/11 2. History 2.5 From XIXth
century to World War II 2. Historical Point of View Slide 12 MODULE
2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/12 2. History -
Lawyer holding the office of Minister of Public Instruction in the
1880s - Credited for creating the modern Republican school (lcole
rpublicaine) - All children between the age of 6 and 13 (boys and
girls) must attend school - Public instruction is then free of
charge (kindergarten and primary school) and laque (meaning that
religion no longer interfere in the education) Jules Ferry 2.6
Jules Ferry (1832-1893) 2. Historical Point of View Slide 13 MODULE
2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/13 2. History 2.7
Until nowadays 2. Historical Point of View Slide 14 MODULE 2:
FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/14 2. History 2.8
Sorbonne-Bologne Process 2. Historical Point of View - Purpose:
construct a tertiary education European space before 2010 -
Initiated at the Sorbonne in 1998 by France, Germany, Italy and
United Kingdom and signed during Bologne symposium in 1999 by 29
countries - Need of a common system within which diplomas and
qualifications can be more easily compared - Makes easier the
mobility of students, professors and researchers - System of
credits that can be transferred between universities - More than 40
European countries are presently engaged in the process - In
France, this leads to the LMD Reform (Licence Master Doctorat).
This will be discussed later. Slide 15 MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL
SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/15 1. Introduction 2. Historical Point of
View 3. Organisation 4. Industry and Research links 5. Comparisons
and Comments Slide 16 MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.:
IAS/2006/M2/16 1. Introduction 2. Historical Point of View 3.
Organisation 4. Industry and Research links 5. Comparisons and
Comments 3.1 Administration 3.2 Primary Education 3.3 Secondary
Education 3.4 Higher Education Slide 17 MODULE 2: FRENCH
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/17 1. Introduction 2.
Historical Point of View 3. Organisation 4. Industry and Research
links 5. Comparisons and Comments 3.1 Administration 3.2 Primary
Education 3.3 Secondary Education 3.4 Higher Education Slide 18
MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/18 3.1
Administration - The Ministry of National Education regulates all
educational programs in France (official name is Ministre de
lducation nationale, de lenseignement suprieur et de la recherche)
- The head of the ministry is the Minister of National Education.
As of June 2005, the Minister is Gilles de Robien - The teachers in
public primary and secondary schools are all state civil servants.
Professors and researchers in universities are also employed by the
state - At the primary and secondary levels, the curricula is the
same for all French students in a given grade in public
institutions. However, there exist specialized sections and a
variety of options - The reference for all French educators is the
Bulletin officiel de lducation nationale, de lenseignement suprieur
et de la recherche (B.O.) : it lists all current programs and is
amended many times every year G. de Robien Ministry of National
Education 3. Organisation Slide 19 MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL
SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/19 3.1 Administration Acadmie system - The
French territory is divided into 35 acadmies, 26 in mainland France
and 9 in French overseas territories - One acadmie often spans a
few dpartements (French administrative unit) - The headquarters
(termed rectorat) is usually located in the largest city of the
concerned acadmie and is headed by a recteur. - The main
responsibility of the acadmie is to manage personnel and state
budgets pertaining to the education system. It serves as a link
between regional specificities and the centralized governing body
in Paris. - Each dpartement also has its own inspection acadmique,
headed by an inspecteur dacadmie who is in charge to check the
application of the national directives 3. Organisation Slide 20
MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/20 3.1
Administration Acadmie system - 26 acadmies in Metropolitan France
- 9 acadmies in French overseas territories 3. Organisation Slide
21 MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/21 3.1
Administration School Calendar - In Metropolitan territory, the
school year extends from early-September to early-July - The school
calendar is standardized throughout the country by the ministry -
In French overseas departments and territories, the school calendar
is set by the local recteur - Major holiday breaks: 3. Organisation
Slide 22 MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/22
3.1 Administration School Calendar Zone A Zone B Zone C For the
winter and spring breaks, the country is divided into three zones
(A, B, and C) and each zones vacation dates are shifted by one or
two weeks. Any idea why ? 3. Organisation Slide 23 MODULE 2: FRENCH
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/23 1. Introduction 2.
Historical Point of View 3. Organisation 4. Industry and Research
links 5. Comparisons and Comments 3.1 Administration 3.2 Primary
Education 3.3 Secondary Education 3.4 Higher Education Slide 24
MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/24 3.
Organisation 3.2 Primary Education Slide 25 MODULE 2: FRENCH
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/25 3. Organisation 3.2 Primary
Education Slide 26 MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.:
IAS/2006/M2/26 3.2 Primary Education Maternelle (Kindergarten
classes) - Usually at the age 3 (or 2 in pr-maternelle classes,
essentially daycare centres) - The last year of maternelle, called
grande section is the year in which pupils are introduced to
reading cole Primaire (Primary school) - In the first year (cours
prparatoire), pupils learn to write and perfect their reading
skills - Pupils are instructed in many different disciplines, such
as French, mathematics, natural sciences, history & geography
3. Organisation Slide 27 MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.:
IAS/2006/M2/27 3.2 Primary Education AgeGradeAbbreviation
Kindergarten Classes 3-4Petite SectionPS 4-5Moyenne SectionMS
5-6Grande SectionGS Primary School 6-7Cours PrparatoireCP 7-8Cours
lmentaire First YearCE1 8-9Cours lmentaire Second YearCE2 9-10Cours
Moyen First YearCM1 10-11Cours Moyen Second YearCM2 3. Organisation
Slide 28 MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/28
3.2 Primary Education (2004-2005) Thousands 6 802 4006 585 5006 677
600 3. Organisation Slide 29 MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/29 1. Introduction 2. Historical Point of View 3.
Organisation 4. Industry and Research links 5. Comparisons and
Comments 3.1 Administration 3.2 Primary Education 3.3 Secondary
Education 3.4 Higher Education Slide 30 MODULE 2: FRENCH
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/30 3. Organisation 3.3
Secondary Education Slide 31 MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/31 3.3 Secondary Education Collge (~Junior High
School) - Four years (age 11 to age 15) - Pupils are instructed in
French language & literature, history & geography, foreign
languages (English, German, Spanish, Italian, Russian), ancient
language (Latin, Greek), physical education, arts & craft,
musical education, civics, mathematics, biology & geology,
physics & chemistry, - One teacher (professeur) per topic - The
fourth year is punctuated by final exams in French language,
mathematics and history & geography, which leads to the
National Diploma Certificate (Diplme National du Brevet) - Divided
between Collge and Lyce - The completion of secondary studies leads
to the baccalaurat 3. Organisation Slide 32 MODULE 2: FRENCH
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/32 3.3 Secondary Education Lyce
(~ High School) - Three years (age 15 to age 18) - Divided between:
lyce gnral (general) which leads towards more than two years of
post- baccalaureate studies lyce technologique (technological)
which leads towards short studies lyce professionel (professional)
which leads directly towards professional life - General and
technological streams are given at standard lyces - While
professional streams are provided at separate professional lyces 3.
Organisation Slide 33 MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.:
IAS/2006/M2/33 3.3 Secondary Education AgeGradeAbbreviation Collge
11-12Sixme6e6e 12-13Cinquime5e5e 13-14Quatrime4e4e
14-15Troisime3e3e Lyce 15-16Seconde2 de 16-17Premire1e1e
17-18TerminaleTle 3. Organisation Slide 34 MODULE 2: FRENCH
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/34 3.3 Secondary Education
(2004-2005) Thousands 5 799 5005 540 2005 513 200 3. Organisation
Slide 35 MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/35
3.3 Secondary Education Lyce gnral - The usual stepping stone to
university degrees - Seconde is a link-year during which students
finalize their choice of srie (stream) for the final two years.
During Seconde, all students have mostly the same courses. -
General streams: S Scientifique (natural sciences) : requires a
high level in mathematics (heavily weighed), physics &
chemistry and biology ES conomique et Sociale (economics and social
sciences) : balanced between literary and scientific courses of
studies, and an economics and social sciences course L Littraire
(literature) : weighs French literature, history & geography
and foreign languages heavily - Philosophy courses are provided in
each stream during the last year 3. Organisation Slide 36 MODULE 2:
FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/36 3.3 Secondary
Education Lyce technologique - 8 technological streams: Service
Sciences and Technologies (STT) Industrial Science and Technologies
(STI) Laboratory Science and Technologies (STL) Health and Social
Sciences (SMS) Food Science and Technologies (STPA) Agronomy and
Environment Science and Technologies (STAE) Music and Dance
Techniques (TMD) Hotel and Catering Industry - The STPA stream is
only available in lyces agricoles, specialty schools for
agricultural sciences 3. Organisation Slide 37 MODULE 2: FRENCH
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/37 3.3 Secondary Education Lyce
professionel - Leads to several different professional diplomas in
all fields - Based on vocational training and internships in
companies and with craftsmen: students more interested in a hands
on approach than in academic learning - The first diploma, the CAP
is prepared during 2 years. Usually prepares for a specific job:
carpenter, childcare provider - The second diploma, the BEP is
prepared during 3 years after the collge. It leads to a
professional qualification in a specific field such as restaurant
industry, metallurgy. More difficult than a BEP. - The final
diploma is the Baccalaureat Professionnel : the highest
professional qualification available. Can be prepared during 3
years after the collge. 3. Organisation Slide 38 MODULE 2: FRENCH
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/38 1. Introduction 2.
Historical Point of View 3. Organisation 4. Industry and Research
links 5. Comparisons and Comments 3.1 Administration 3.2 Primary
Education 3.3 Secondary Education 3.4 Higher Education Slide 39
MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/39 3.4 Higher
Education Introduction - Many available formations BTS and DUT
Specialised schools Universities Preparatory Classes Grandes coles
- France has a dual system for higher education: Universities
Grandes coles - The latter (less than 5% of students) requires very
competitive selection entry exams and has no equivalent anywhere
else in the world whereas the former can be simply attended as soon
as one gets his baccalaurat 3. Organisation Slide 40 MODULE 2:
FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/40 3. Organisation 3.4
Higher Education Slide 41 MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.:
IAS/2006/M2/41 3.4 Higher Education BTS (Higher Technicians
Licence) - Its a two-year course that takes place in High Schools -
Over 100 specialty subjects in all professional sectors - Like BTS,
a two-year course but is prepared within university technological
institutes (IUT) linked to universities - More generalist than the
BTS, the DUT offers fewer specialities (25) - Can lead to some
engineering and business schools The aim of the BTS and DUT is to
train senior technicians planning to seek work in the industrial or
agricultural sectors or as high level employees that wish to work
in business or services sectors (commerce, tourism, transport,
assistance services, etc.). They lead on to a wide range of further
studies. 3. Organisation DUT (University Diploma of Technology
Slide 42 MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/42
3.4 Higher Education Specialised schools - Certain professions are
only accessible through courses taken in specialised schools and
depending on the specialities, courses can last from 2 to 6 years.
- These courses result in either a State diploma or a school
diploma. - As places are limited, it is necessary to go through a
selection process. Paramedical Schools (3-4 years): nurse,
kinesiologist, orthoptist, hearing aid specialist, speech
therapist... Social sector schools (2-3 years): social service
assistant, special education teacher, community education worker
Schools of art, music, dance, theatre (2-5 years): plastic arts and
applied arts studies in advertising, communication, interior
decoration take place in National schools of art. Other
establishments concern music, dance, theatre. Schools of
architecture (6 years): 20 schools providing training in
architecture (2 for landscape designers) 3. Organisation Slide 43
MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/43 3.4 Higher
Education Universities - University education in France falls
within the European system of organising studies around three
levels: Licence, Masters Doctorate. These are known as the LMD
system. - To attend university, the baccalaurat is required -
University branches incorporate generalist branches (humanities,
sciences and technologies, law, economics, arts, social sciences)
and professional branches such as management and business,
communication, sciences and industrial techniques. - Wide range of
courses in a large number of specialties - LMD system is based on
three levels ( or grades) Licence (acquired over 3 years) Masters
(acquired over 2 years) Doctorate (acquired over 3 years) 3.
Organisation Slide 44 MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.:
IAS/2006/M2/44 3.4 Higher Education European LMD Reform (Licence
Master Doctorat) 3. Organisation Slide 45 MODULE 2: FRENCH
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/45 3.4 Higher Education Health
Studies - Health studies channel has a specific organisational
system - Studies to become a doctor, dental surgeon, pharmacist or
midwife take place within universities. - All studies are subject
to a competition at the end of the first year: places are limited
within each med schools. If failed the first year, the competition
can be attended only a second time (exceptionally a third time) -
Studies can last between 5 and 11 years Midwife : 5 years
Specialist doctor : 11 years (brain surgeon, etc) Dental surgery
doctor: 6 years Pharmacist: 6 years 3. Organisation Slide 46 MODULE
2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/46 3.4 Higher
Education (2004-2005) Student distribution in universities 3.
Organisation Total number of students: 1 312 141 Slide 47 MODULE 2:
FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/47 3.4 Higher Education
(2004-2005) Student distribution in universities 3. Organisation
Total number of students: 1 312 141 Slide 48 MODULE 2: FRENCH
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/48 3.4 Higher Education
Preparatory Classes & Grandes coles - The Grandes coles are
higher education establishments outside the mainstream framework of
the public universities - They are generally focused on a single
subject area (such as engineering), have moderate size and are
often quite selective in their admission of students - They are
prestigious and have traditionally produced most of Frances
scientists and executives - The Grandes coles recruit students not
after the end of their high school (lyce) but after two or more
years of initial higher education - For the most part, this
education takes place in special preparatory classes, known as
Classes Prparatoires aux Grandes coles (CPGE) or prpas 3.
Organisation Slide 49 MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.:
IAS/2006/M2/49 3.4 Higher Education Preparatory Classes - The
Classes Prparatoires aux Grandes coles is a high school prep course
with the goal of training students for enrolment in a Grande cole -
They are located in a number of select high schools throughout the
country - There are four main categories of preparatory classes:
Mathematics and Physics (plus computer science and engineering as
minors) engineering schools Biology, Geology and Mathematics (agro)
food science, biological and agricultural engineering Humanities
(hypokhgne and khgne) coles Normales Suprieures Mathematics and
Economics known as prpa HEC Management schools - The amount of work
required of the students is exceptionally high and after two years,
one can integrates a school when one succeeds in passing the
competitive exam to that school 3. Organisation Slide 50 MODULE 2:
FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/50 3.4 Higher Education
Grandes coles - After competitive entrance exams (proper to each
school or group of schools), one can attend a Grande cole if his
rank is sufficiently high - Grandes coles can be classified into
several broad categories: coles Normales Suprieures : they train
researchers, professors Engineering schools such as cole
Polytechnique, cole Centrale Paris Institutes of Political Studies
and Administrative schools Management schools (coles de commerce)
such as HEC, Military officer academies such as St Cyr (Army
Academy), cole Navale (Naval Academy) and cole de lAir (Air Force
Academy) Veterinary schools (only 4 schools in France) - Writes
Nadeau 1 : French parents dont want to send their children to
university. We could not believe this until we understood just what
the Grandes coles were. French parents do everything they can to
make sure their child wont go to university but will go to a Grande
cole (1) From Sixty million Frenchmen cant be wrong by J.B. Nadeau
and J. Barlow 3. Organisation Slide 51 MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL
SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/51 3.4 Higher Education (2004-2005)
Thousands 2 133 7002 268 4002 312 00 3. Organisation Slide 52
MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/52 3.4 Higher
Education Peculiarities - Compared to other countries, small size
and multiplicity of establishments, each specialized in a more or
less broad spectrum of disciplines (Paris and suburbs count 13
universities) - Scientific research not done by universities but by
research establishments such as CNRS. In many cases, the research
units are installed inside universities and research staff teach
some graduate classes - Low tuition fees : higher education is paid
by the French taxpayers. The tuition varies from 150 to 400
depending on the university and the different levels of education.
Health insurance is low too - However tuition in engineering
schools can reach 1000 a year, and some business schools charge up
to 7000 a year -This leads to a very low rate of people under 25
years old on the job market 3. Organisation Slide 53 MODULE 2:
FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/53 3.4 Higher Education
Why a dual system ? - A Grande cole was created everytime the need
for specialists could not be satisfied by universities - From the
mid-XVIIIth Century: To build harbours and bridges (cole des Ponts
et Chausses - 1747) To improve artillery (cole Polytechnique - ) To
exploit mines (coles des Mines) To develop industry (coles
Centrales and coles des Arts et Mtiers) To train managers (coles de
Commerce) - Meanwhile, in the rest of the world, universities
created their engineering and their business departments -
Inability of French University to reform and adopt a unique system
3. Organisation Slide 54 MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.:
IAS/2006/M2/54 3. Organisation Toulouse Poitiers Paris ENAC: cole
Nationale de lAviation Civile SUPAERO: cole Nationale Suprieure de
lAronautique et de lEspace ENSICA: cole Nationale Suprieure
dIngnieurs et Constructions Aronautiques ENSMA: cole Nationale
Suprieure de Mcanique et dArotechnique ESTACA: cole Suprieure des
Techniques Aronautiques et de Construction Automobile ESC Toulouse:
cole Suprieure de Commerce (Business School) 3.4 Higher Education
Main Aeronautical Schools ENSTA: cole Nationale Suprieure des
Techniques Avances Members of GEA: Aeronautical Engineering School
Group * * * * * Slide 55 MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.:
IAS/2006/M2/55 3. Organisation 3.4 Higher Education Higher
Education In Toulouse - More than 110 000 students ( Second student
city in France) - 3 Universities: Toulouse I: Law, Political
Sciences, Social Sciences Toulouse II, le Mirail: Humanities, Arts,
Toulouse III, Paul Sabatier: Fundamental & Natural Sciences,
Health Sciences... - 14 Grandes coles: 7 Engineering schools: ENAC,
ENSICA, ENSAE, ENSIACET, INSA, ENSEEIHT, ICAM 1 Veterinary School 2
Agronomic Schools: PURPAN, ENSAT 1 Business School: ESC Toulouse
Slide 56 MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/56 1.
Introduction 2. Historical Point of View 3. Organisation 4.
Industry and Research links with Education 5. Comparisons and
Comments Slide 57 MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.:
IAS/2006/M2/57 4.1 Research Higher Education is of course linked to
Research through many centers Research and Higher Education are
headed by Franois Goulard, associate minister Many kinds of
centers: Introduction of 3 well-known research centers in Toulouse
4. Research and Industry - EPST (tablissements Publics caractre
Scientifique et Technologique) - EPIC (tablissements Publics
caractre Industriel et Commercial) - EPA (tablissements Publics
caractre Administratif) - Foundations such Institut Pasteur,
Institut Curie - GIP (Groupement dIntrt Public) - . Slide 58 MODULE
2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/58 -
Government-funded research organization, under the administrative
authority of Ministry of Research - Founded in 1939 - Europes
largest fundamental research organization - Evaluating and carrying
out all research capable of advancing knowledge as well that having
social, cultural, and economic benefits for society - Contributing
to the application and promotion of research results - Developing
scientific information, and promoting the use of the French
language - Supporting training for and through research -
Participating in the analysis of the national and international
scientific climate and its potential for evolution in order to
develop a national policy - Many CNRS research units are spread
throughout France, and a large body of permanent researchers,
engineers, technicians, administrative staff works at these units.
4.1 C.N.R.S (National Center for Scientific Research) 4. Research
and Industry Overview Missions Research units Slide 59 MODULE 2:
FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/59 - Mathematics,
Physics, Chemistry - Nuclear and High-Energy Physics - Engineering
Sciences - Communication and Information Technology and Sciences -
Environmental Sciences - Life Sciences - Humanities and Social
Sciences - Budget for 2005: Euros 2.299 billion - 26,080 permanent
employees: 11,644 researchers and 14,416 engineers and technical
staff - 19 regional offices ensuring decentralized direct
management of laboratories 4.1 C.N.R.S (National Center for
Scientific Research) 4. Research and Industry Scientific fields at
stake Key figures Slide 60 MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.:
IAS/2006/M2/60 - Public research establishment, with eight major
facilities in France - Founded in 1946 and under Defense Ministry -
Direct and conduct aeronautical research - Support the
commercialization of this research by national and European
industry - Construct and operate the associated experimental
facilities - Supply industry with high-level technical analyses and
other services - Perform technical analyses for the government -
Train researchers and engineers - Civil and Military aircrafts -
Helicopters and tilt rotors - Propulsion systems - Space transport
- Missile and defence system - Networked systems and security
systems 4.2 ONERA Aerospace Research and Technology 4. Research and
Industry ONERA, first aerospace research player in France 6 key
missions Application-oriented research Slide 61 MODULE 2: FRENCH
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/61 - 60%: contract research for
industry and agencies - 40%: annual subsidy from the French
government - 2000 employees (250 graduate students) - Budget: Euros
188 Million - 8 Centers (3 in Paris) - First european wind-tunnels
collection 4.2 ONERA Aerospace Research and Technology 4. Research
and Industry Oneras funding comes from two sources Key figures
Slide 62 MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/62 -
Government agency responsible for shaping and implementing Frances
space policy in Europe - Founded in 1961 - Under Research Ministry
and Defence Ministry - Invent the space systems of the future -
Bring space technologies to maturity - Guarantee Frances
independent access to space - Budget: Euros 1867,1 million - 2500
employees (1800 engineers) - 4 Centres: Paris, Toulouse, Evry,
Kourou (Guyana) 4.3 C.N.E.S (National Center for Spatial Studies)
4. Research and Industry Overview Mission Key figures Slide 63
MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/63 4.4
Research and Development Budget 4. Research and Industry % of the
Gross Domestic Product Sweden: 4.25 Japan:3.90 Finland:3.40
Iceland:3.04 South Korea:2.96 United States:2.82 Switzerland:2.64
Germany:2.50 France:2.20 R&D in billions $ (in 2000) United
States265 Japan98 Germany55 France32 United-Kingdom27 Italy14 Slide
64 MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/64 4.5 and
Industry 4. Research and Industry Generally students who graduated
from Grandes coles find a job quite easily Hiring wages can depend
from the school rank: some schools are more rated than others -
cole Polytechnique, Mines de Paris : 39,000 Euros (per year)* -
Supaero : 36,000 Euros (per year)* - ENAC, ENSICA: 31,000 Euros
(per year)* (*) From Challenges June 8 th,2006 Contrary to North
America, Doctorat is underestimated in French industry Students
from Universities can find difficulties to get a job depending on
their formation Slide 65 MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.:
IAS/2006/M2/65 1. Introduction 2. Historical Point of View 3.
Organisation 4. Industry and Research links with Education 5.
Comparisons and Comments Slide 66 MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL
SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/66 5.0 Comparisons 5. Comparisons
Comparisons with other country educational system Debate about
other educational systems - United States - England - Canada (and
Qubec) - Japan Slide 67 MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.:
IAS/2006/M2/67 5.1 Comparison with United States 5. Comparisons
Slide 68 MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/68
5.2 Comparison with England 5. Comparisons Slide 69 MODULE 2:
FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/69 5.3 Comparison with
Canada (and Qubec) 5. Comparisons Slide 70 MODULE 2: FRENCH
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.: IAS/2006/M2/70 5.4 Comparison with Japan 5.
Comparisons Slide 71 MODULE 2: FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Rf.:
IAS/2006/M2/71 5.5 Questions Its up to you to talk and share Which
system seems to be the closest to yours ? Could you explain briefly
how to become an engineer in your own country ? Any competitive
exams ? How many years does it take ? Any comments, remarks ?
