Module 3-5Module 3-5

Surface Rehabilitation Surface Rehabilitation TreatmentsTreatments

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives Describe the function of surface Describe the function of surface

treatmentstreatments Compare usage of various surface Compare usage of various surface

treatmentstreatments Describe conditions best suited for each Describe conditions best suited for each

treatmenttreatment Describe the design and construction Describe the design and construction

considerations and techniquesconsiderations and techniques

IntroductionIntroduction Surface rehabilitation techniquesSurface rehabilitation techniques

Low-volume roads – most historical Low-volume roads – most historical useuse

High-volume roads - improved High-volume roads - improved materials and processesmaterials and processes

Pavement preservation applicationPavement preservation application

DefinitionsDefinitions Fog sealFog seal

Sand sealSand seal

Scrub sealScrub seal

Asphalt chip sealAsphalt chip seal

Slurry sealSlurry seal

MicrosurfacingMicrosurfacing

Cape sealCape seal

Sandwich sealSandwich seal

Nova Chip®Nova Chip®

Open graded Open graded friction course friction course (OGFC)(OGFC)

Fog SealFog Seal

Fog SealFog Seal Seal pavement Seal pavement

surfacesurface

Rejuvenate oxidized Rejuvenate oxidized HMAHMA

Provide delineationProvide delineation

Sand SealSand Seal Seal pavement surfaceSeal pavement surface

Rejuvenate oxidized HMARejuvenate oxidized HMA

Provide delineationProvide delineation

Improve frictionImprove friction

Scrub SealScrub Seal

Scrub SealScrub Seal Surface restoration that rejuvenates Surface restoration that rejuvenates

asphalt and fills voids and cracksasphalt and fills voids and cracks Application processApplication process

Apply polymer-modified asphalt agentApply polymer-modified asphalt agent Broom asphalt into voids and cracksBroom asphalt into voids and cracks Apply sand or small aggregateApply sand or small aggregate Broom aggregate and asphalt mixtureBroom aggregate and asphalt mixture Roll with pneumatic tire rollerRoll with pneumatic tire roller

Asphalt Chip SealAsphalt Chip Seal

Asphalt Chip SealAsphalt Chip Seal

Asphalt Chip SealAsphalt Chip Seal Provide wearing courseProvide wearing course

Improve surface frictionImprove surface friction

RubberizedRubberized Bridge and seal cracksBridge and seal cracks Delay reflective crackingDelay reflective cracking

Slurry SealSlurry Seal

Slurry SealSlurry Seal Seal Seal

pavement pavement surfacesurface

Retard Retard surface surface ravelingraveling

Improved Improved surface frictionsurface friction

MicrosurfacingMicrosurfacing

Level pavement surfaceLevel pavement surface

Fill rutsFill ruts

Restore surface Restore surface frictionfriction

MicrosurfacingMicrosurfacing

Cape SealCape Seal

Cape SealCape Seal Seal pavement surfaceSeal pavement surface

Improve surface frictionImprove surface friction

Sandwich SealSandwich Seal Seal pavement surfaceSeal pavement surface

Improve surface frictionImprove surface friction

Nova Chip®Nova Chip®

Gap graded HMAGap graded HMA

Heavy tack coat applied first (0.7-1.0 l/mHeavy tack coat applied first (0.7-1.0 l/m22))

Proprietary machine and processProprietary machine and process

Paver applies both tack coat and HMAPaver applies both tack coat and HMA

Functional, not a structural overlayFunctional, not a structural overlay

Nova Chip®Nova Chip®

                                     

Open-Graded Friction Open-Graded Friction CourseCourse

Open-Graded Friction Open-Graded Friction CourseCourse

Provide surface drainageProvide surface drainage

Reduce hydroplaningReduce hydroplaning

Reduce tire sprayReduce tire spray

Improve surface frictionImprove surface friction

Noise reductionNoise reduction

Purpose and ApplicationPurpose and Application Provide a new wearing surfaceProvide a new wearing surface

Seal cracks in the surfaceSeal cracks in the surface

Waterproof the surfaceWaterproof the surface

Improve pavement surface friction and Improve pavement surface friction and surface drainagesurface drainage

Why apply a surface treatment?

Purpose and ApplicationPurpose and Application Slow pavement weathering and agingSlow pavement weathering and aging

Improve the surface appearanceImprove the surface appearance

Provide visual delineation between the Provide visual delineation between the mainline pavement and the shouldermainline pavement and the shoulder

Matching Condition to Matching Condition to TreatmentTreatment

Performance of surface treatments highly Performance of surface treatments highly dependent upon existing surface dependent upon existing surface conditioncondition

Pavement SurveysPavement Surveys Type of distressType of distress

Surface treatment typeSurface treatment type

More severe cracking More severe cracking ““Heavier” surface treatmentHeavier” surface treatment

Distorted pavement surfaceDistorted pavement surface ““Leveling” treatmentLeveling” treatment

Applicable Pavement Applicable Pavement ConditionsConditions

OxidationOxidation Fog sealFog seal Scrub sealScrub seal Sand sealSand seal Slurry sealSlurry seal

BleedingBleeding Sandwich sealsSandwich seals

FrictionFriction Slurry sealSlurry seal Asphalt chip Asphalt chip

sealseal MicrosurfacingMicrosurfacing Nova Chip®Nova Chip®

Applicable Pavement Applicable Pavement ConditionsConditions

CrackingCracking Scrub sealScrub seal Slurry sealSlurry seal Asphalt chip Asphalt chip

sealseal MicrosurfacingMicrosurfacing Cape sealCape seal Nova Chip®Nova Chip®

RuttingRutting MicrosurfacingMicrosurfacing Nova Chip®Nova Chip®

Cost ConsiderationsCost Considerations Typical surface treatment costsTypical surface treatment costs

Chip sealChip seal $1.02 /m²$1.02 /m² Db. chip sealDb. chip seal $1.35 /m²$1.35 /m² Slurry sealSlurry seal $1.08 /m²$1.08 /m² MicrosurfacingMicrosurfacing $1.50 /m²$1.50 /m² Fog sealFog seal $0.54 /m²$0.54 /m² Sand sealSand seal $0.70 /m²$0.70 /m² Cape sealCape seal $1.70 to $2.40 /m²$1.70 to $2.40 /m²

Design and Construction Design and Construction ConsiderationsConsiderations

Design ConsiderationsDesign ConsiderationsAsphalt Chip SealsAsphalt Chip Seals

Existing pavement conditionExisting pavement condition Asphalt typeAsphalt type AggregateAggregate Quantity selectionsQuantity selections Local conditions and experienceLocal conditions and experience General environmentGeneral environment Traffic volume and handlingTraffic volume and handling Contractor experience and availabilityContractor experience and availability

Construction ProceduresConstruction Procedures Chip seal construction issues:Chip seal construction issues:

Equipment calibrationEquipment calibration Pavement surface preparationPavement surface preparation Application of asphaltApplication of asphalt Application of aggregateApplication of aggregate Rolling of aggregateRolling of aggregate Curing of binderCuring of binder Brooming of loose aggregateBrooming of loose aggregate

Fog SealsFog Seals Light coating of asphalt cement applied Light coating of asphalt cement applied

usually as an emulsionusually as an emulsion

Traffic allowed on in 2-4 hours after water Traffic allowed on in 2-4 hours after water has evaporatedhas evaporated

Surface may be slick if traffic allowed too Surface may be slick if traffic allowed too soonsoon

Open Graded Friction Open Graded Friction CourseCourse

Similar to HMASimilar to HMA Butt joints onlyButt joints only Limited time for compaction due to thin lift Limited time for compaction due to thin lift

((≤≤25 mm)25 mm) Usually seasonal restrictions on Usually seasonal restrictions on

placementplacement Air/pavement temperature criticalAir/pavement temperature critical

No vibratory compaction equipmentNo vibratory compaction equipment

ReviewReview Why would you apply surface treatments?Why would you apply surface treatments?

Which treatments could be applied to Which treatments could be applied to correct a rutted pavement?correct a rutted pavement?

Which treatments could be applied Which treatments could be applied successfully to a pavement with cracking?successfully to a pavement with cracking?

What are key considerations in the What are key considerations in the construction of a chip seal?construction of a chip seal?

Key ReferencesKey References Van Zyl, G. D., J. P. Nothnagel, and C. J. Van Zyl, G. D., J. P. Nothnagel, and C. J.

Semmelink. 1999. “Rationalisation of Seal Semmelink. 1999. “Rationalisation of Seal Selection and Single Seal Design Methods in Selection and Single Seal Design Methods in South Africa.” Seventh Conference on Asphalt South Africa.” Seventh Conference on Asphalt Pavements for Southern Africa. RSA/USA Pavements for Southern Africa. RSA/USA Pavement Technology Workshop CD-Rom, Pavement Technology Workshop CD-Rom, Pretoria, South Africa.Pretoria, South Africa.

Key References Key References (continued)(continued)

Eltahan, A. A., J. FEltahan, A. A., J. F.. Dalieden Dalieden,, and A. Simpson. and A. Simpson. 1999. “Effectiveness of Maintenance 1999. “Effectiveness of Maintenance Treatments of Flexible Pavements.” Treatments of Flexible Pavements.” Transportation Research Record 1680. Transportation Research Record 1680. Transportation Research Board, Washington, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.DC.

Key References Key References (continued)(continued)

Huber, G. 2000. Huber, G. 2000. Performance Survey on Performance Survey on Open-Graded Friction Course Mixes.Open-Graded Friction Course Mixes. NCHRP NCHRP Synthesis of Highway Practice 284. Synthesis of Highway Practice 284. Transportation Research Board, Washington, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.DC.

Janisch, D. W., and F. S. Galilard. 1999. Janisch, D. W., and F. S. Galilard. 1999. Minnesota Seal Coat Handbook. Minnesota Seal Coat Handbook. Report Report Number MN/RC-1999-07. Minnesota Local Number MN/RC-1999-07. Minnesota Local Road Research Board, Minnesota Department Road Research Board, Minnesota Department of Transportation, St. Paul, MN.of Transportation, St. Paul, MN.

Key References Key References (continued)(continued)

Hicks, R. G., S. B. Seeds, and D. G. Peshkin. Hicks, R. G., S. B. Seeds, and D. G. Peshkin. 2000. 2000. Selecting a Preventive Maintenance Selecting a Preventive Maintenance Treatment for Flexible Pavements. Treatment for Flexible Pavements. FHWA-IF-FHWA-IF-00-027. Federal Highway Administration, 00-027. Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC.Washington, DC.

Raza, H. 1992. Raza, H. 1992. An Overview of Surface An Overview of Surface Rehabilitation Techniques for Asphalt Rehabilitation Techniques for Asphalt PavementsPavements. FHWA-PD-92-008. Federal . FHWA-PD-92-008. Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC.Highway Administration, Washington, DC.