Module 3 Basic Components

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Electrical Workshop

Module 3: Basic Electrical Components

PREPARED BY

IAT Curriculum Unit

December 2008

Institute of Applied Technology, 2008


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ATE212 Electrical Workshop

Module 3: Basic Electrical Components2


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Module 3: Basic Electrical Components 3

Module 3: Basic Electrical Components

Module ObjectivesAt the end of this module, students will be able to:

1. Identify basic electrical components such as:

Lamps, motors and buzzers.

Resistors, LDRS, capacitors and inductors.

Diodes

2. Understand the applications of each component.

Module Contents3.1 Introduction

3.2 Basic Electrical Components

3.3 Components Coding

3.4 Class and Lab Activities


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3.1 Introduction

Have you ever opened your personal computer (PC) or your radio from the inside? If

you tried so, have you seen the electrical boards with many components mounted on

them? Figure 3.1 shows an example of a PC electrical board with different

components. In this module, we will study these components and understand their

usages and applications.

Figure 3.1: PC Electrical Board

3.2 Basic Electrical Components

Component Symbol Function Picture

Lamp Light Indicator

Motor Motion Indicator

Buzzer Sound Indictor


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Compone

nt

Symbol Function Picture

Resistor

Resistors limit the current flow

VariableResistor

Variable resistors control the current inthe circuit:

- Adjust lamp brightness

- Adjust motor speed

LDR

(LightDependent Resistor)

LDRs are variable resistors whereresistance value changes with light


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Component

Symbol Function Picture

Capacitor

Capacitors storeelectrical charge andare used in:

- Timer Circuits

Inductor

Inductors storemagnetic field and areused in:

- Electric bells

- Door locks

Diode

Diodes allow current toflow in one directiononly.

Diode has two

terminals:1. Cathode (K)(-) :

located to the lineperpendicular tothe point of thearrowhead

2. Anode (A) (+):located at theopposite end of thecathode.


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3.3 Components Coding:

1. Resistance Coding: Resistors are specified by theirresistance value and their

tolerance. One way to indicate the resistance value and tolerance is color

code method, which is explained in Figure 3.2.

1.Resistance is measured in ohms ()

2.Most resistors have 3 bands:

The 1st band gives the first digit.

The 2nd band gives the second digit.

The 3rd band indicates the number of zeros.

The 4th band gives the tolerance

Figure 3.2 Resistance color code


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Exercises:

State the resistors value and tolerance for the following resistors:

R = 470 10%

Yellow Violet Brown Silver

4 7 0 10 %

R = 25 5%

Red Green Black Gold

2 5 5 %

R = 72 5%

Violet Red Black Gold

7 2 5 %

R = 94000 10%

White Yellow Orange Silver

9 4 000 10%

R = ---------------------------------------------

Red Green Orange Silver

R = -------------------------------------------

Blue Green Orange Gold


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2. Capacitor Coding: Capacitors are usually specified by three quantities;

capacitor value, tolerance and voltage rating. A number code is often used

on small capacitors where printing is difficult.

The 1st

number is the 1st

digit,

The 2nd

number is the 2nd

digit

The 3rd number is the number of zeros to give the capacitance in pF

Ignore any letters - they just indicate tolerance and voltage rating.

Example 1:

You have a capacitor with "104" stamped on it.- The first two digits are: 1 0

- The third digit is: 4 so add four zeros to the 1 0 1 0, 0 0 0 0 pF

Exercises:

State the capacitance value for the following capacitors:

C = 1000 pF C=68000 pF C = 2200 pF

C = --------- C = --------- C = ---------

102 683 222

154 471 541


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3.4 Class and Lab Activities:

Activity 1: Identify resistors from color code

Items Required:

Resistors with various values

Steps:

1. Using the color coding method, identify the resistance value of various

resistors

2. Fill the table below:

No1st band color

and value

2nd

band

color and

value

3rd

band

color and

value

Resistanc

e ()

Toleranc

e

1

2

3

4


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Activity 2: light intensity control using potentiometer

Items Required:

Potentiometer 9V Battery 9 V Light Bulb Alligator Clips

Steps:

1. Connect the following circuit:

2. Rotate the spindle of the potentiometer. What do you observe on the light

brightness?

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3. State an application of potentiometers?

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Activity 3: Demonstrate LDR Operations

Items Required:

LDR 9V Battery 9 V Light Bulb Alligator Clips

Steps:

1. Connect the following circuit:

2. Expose the LDR to light. What happen to the brightness of the lamp?

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3. Put the LDR in the dark. What happen to the brightness of the lamp?

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4. State some applications of LDRs.

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Activity 4: Identify capacitance for various capacitors

Items Required:

Capacitors with various values

Steps:

1. Identify the capacitance value of various capacitors.

2. Fill the table below:

No Number displayed on the capacitor Capacitance (F)

1

2

3

4

3. state some applications of capacitors.

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Activity 5: Draw the symbols for the following components:

Components Symbol

LDR

Diode

Variable Resistor

Capacitor

Resistor

Inductor

Documents

Module 3 Basic Components