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Module 3 – Naval Skills
Section 2 – Ship Construction
Unit 1 - Ship Construction and Damage Control
Chapter 1 – Ship Construction, Propulsion and Naming
What You Will Learn to Do
Demonstrate knowledge of Navy ships, their construction, characteristics and damage control
Objectives
1. Define terms that describe a ship’s structure
2. Describe the decks and spaces of a U.S. Navy vessel
3. Describe the superstructure of a U.S. Navy vessel
4. Describe the watertight integrity of a Navy ship
Key Terms
Keel - The backbone of the hull located on the centerline like an I-beam running the full length of the bottom of the ship
Gunwale - The upper edge of the side or bulwark of a vessel
Roll - A ship rolls from side to side
Key Terms
Pitch - A ship pitches when it goes up and down fore and aft
Yaw - A ship yaws when the bow swings to port and starboard because of wave action
Draft - The distance from the keel to the waterline; the depth to which a vessel is immersed when bearing a given load
Key Terms
Compartment - Rooms of a ship
Head (ship compartment) - Bathrooms on a ship
Wardroom - The dining area for commissioned officers
Stateroom - A private room or compartment on a ship
Key Terms
Scupper - A drain at the edge of a deck exposed to the weather, for allowing accumulated water to drain away into the sea or into the bilges
Superstructure - Any deck above the main deck, forecastle deck, or poop deck
Weather deck -
The deck or all parts of a deck exposed to the weather
Key Terms
Foremast - The mast nearest the bow in vessels having two or more masts is the foremast
Mainmast - The second mast from forward in ships having two or more masts is the mainmast
Pigstick - A slender vertical extension above the mast from which the ship’s commission pennant is flown
Key Terms
Watertight integrity -
The soundness of a ship’s construction which prevents leakage
Stack - Supplies air to the main propulsion engines and removes exhausts and hot gases from them
Jackstaff - A short flagpole at a ship's bow, on which a jack is flown
Key Terms
Collision bulkhead -
A strong watertight bulkhead at the after end of the forepeak tank
List - Lean to port or starboard; careening, or leaning to one side, as of a ship
Trim - Be “down” by the head or stern; the difference between the forward and aft drafts
Based on your current knowledge, can you name and describe decks and compartments of a Navy ship?
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A. Expert – I know the entire dictionary of naval terminology.
B. Knowledgeable – I know most of the naval terms.
C. Rookie – I probably just know the common ones.
D. Novice – Ahoy, matey?
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A. armored
B. unarmored
C. drafted
D. undrafted
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Ship Structure
Hull is the main body of a ship.
Hull
Keel
Keel is the backbone of the hull located on the centerline running the full length of the bottom of the ship.
Ship Structure
Transverse frames are girders attached to the keel run athwartship and support the watertight skin or shell plating, which forms the sides and bottom of the ship.
Longitudinal frames are structural frames that run fore and aft.
Ship Structure
Double bottom is a honeycomb structure formed by the longitudinal and athwartship frames in the bottom of the ship
Ship Structure
These spaces between the inner and outer bottoms are formed when plating covers the honeycomb, which may be used for fuel and water stowage.
Tanks or Bridges
Ship Structure
The top of the main hull is called the main deck.
Main DeckGunwale
Gunwale (pronounced gun’el or deck-edge) is the intersection of the main deck with the shell or side plating.
Ship Structure
A ship rolls from side to side.
A ship pitches when it goes up and down fore and aft.
A ship yaws when the bow swings to port and starboard because of wave action.
Rolls, Pitches, and Yaws
Ship Structure
Most warships built today have unarmored hulls, while many ships of the last century had armored hulls.
USS Vella Gulf (CG 72) USS Iowa (BB 61)
Ship Structure
Waterline is the part of the outside of a ship's hull that is just at the water level.
Waterline
Ship Structure
Draft is the distance from the keel to the waterline.
The red area on the model represents the ship's draft.
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A. pitches; rolls; yaws
B. yaws; pitches; rolls
C. yaws; rolls pitches
D. rolls; pitches; yaws
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A. Bottom frames
B. Double bottom frames
C. Transverse frames
D. Longitudinal frames
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Ship Structure
The floors of a ship are called decks.
They divide the ship into layers and provide additional hull strength and protection for inner spaces(rooms).
Decks
Ship Structure
Compartments are the rooms of a ship and are sometimes called rooms, such as:
• Wardroom - officer’s dining room
• Officers’ staterooms - officer’s bedrooms
• Engine room
Ship Structure
The wardroom is the dining area for commissioned officers.
DDG
SSN
Ship Structure
Stateroom is a private room or compartment on a ship.
Mess deck is a dining area for enlisted crewmembers.
Ship Structure
Berthing compartments are the living quarters for enlisted crew members.
Officers country is the living spaces of officers.
Heads are the bathrooms on the ship.
Ship Structure
Compartment numbers are assigned according to a standardized system that identifies all spaces aboard a ship.
Example: 2 - 175 - 7 - A
Second deck
Frame number
Fourth compartment tostarboard from centerline
Compartment usage (stowage)
Ship Structure
Cargo ship compartments and the main storage spaces of all ships are called holds.
Holds are normally larger in merchant ships than in naval combatants or civilian passenger ships.
Complete decks are decks that extend throughout the ship from side to side and bow to stern.
Ship Structure
The uppermost complete deck that runs continuously from bow to stern is the main deck.
Main Deck
Ship Structure
The second, third, and fourth decks are complete decks below the main deck numbered in sequence from the main deck down.
On an aircraft carrier, the uppermost complete deck is the flight deck.
Ship Structure
The hangar deck is the main deck on aircraft carriers on which aircraft are stowed and serviced.
Ship Structure
Forecastle deck is a partial deck at the bow above the main deck:
• At midships it becomes the upper deck
• At the stern of a ship it is the poop deck
Ship Structure
• Well deck is the main deck areas between the forecastle and poop decks
• Half deck is any partial deck between complete decks
• Platform decks are the partial decks below the lowest complete deck
Ship Structure
Bulwarks is a sort of low solid steel fence along the gunwale of the main deck.
Scuppers are rubber or metal drains fitted in the bulwarks that allow water to run off the deck during rain or heavy seas.
Bulwarks
Scuppers
Ship Structure
A superstructure deck is any deck above the main deck, forecastle deck, or poop deck.
Ship Structure
These decks are called levels. The first level above the main deck is the 01 (pronounced oh-one), the second the 02, and so on.
Superstructure Decks
Ship Structure
The superstructure deck includes all structures above the main deck.
NOTE: The flight deck on a carrier is the 04 level, not the main deck.
Main Deck
Ship Structure
Included in the superstructure may be the:
• Wheelhouse• Bridge• Signal bridge• CIC• Radio shack• CO’s sea cabin
Superstructure deck levels may be called other names related to their uses as mentioned above.
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A. Upper deck
B. Main deck
C. Platform deck
D. Forecastle deck
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A. First
B. Second
C. Third
D. Fourth
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Ship Structure
The mast tops the superstructure and will have at least one vertical pole fitted with a horizontal yardarm that extends above the ship and carries flag halyards and navigational and signal lights.
Mast
Ship Structure
On most ships, the mast will contain:
• Electronic devices
• Radar antennas
• Radio aerials
• Meteorological instruments
Ship Structure
The mast nearest the bow in vessels having two or more masts is the foremast.
Foremast
Ship Structure
It is usually taller than the foremast, making it normally the highest structure above the main deck.
Mainmast
The second mast from forward in ships having two or more masts is the mainmast.
Ship Structure
Truck is the top of the mast.
Pigstick is a slender vertical extension above the mast from which the ship’s commission pennant is flown.
Gaff is a spar extending abaft the mainmast from which the national ensign is flown when the ship is Underway.
Ship Structure
When a Navy ship is at anchor or moored, it flies the jack on the jackstaff.
Union Jack
Jackstaff
Ship Structure
When in port or at anchor, a Navy ship flies the national ensign from the flagstaff at the stern from 0800 to sunset.
Flagstaff
Ship Structure
The Navy Jack is now raised in lieu of the Union Jack until the war on terrorism is over.
Ship Structure
The stack supplies air to the main propulsion engines and removes exhausts and hot gases from them.
Stack
Ship Structure
Nuclear-powered ships do not need stacks since their reactors require no air for combustion, and they produce no smoke or gas.
Watertight Integrity
To prevent the spread of flooding, watertight bulkheads are built in naval ships to divide the hull into a series of watertight compartments.
Watertight Integrity
Watertight Integrity
Holds are the compartments of cargo ships, and the main storage spaces of all ships.
HoldsThe more compartments a ship has, the more secure it will be from flooding.
Watertight Integrity
Flooding can cause a ship to:
• List - lean to port or starboard
• Lose trim - be “down” by the head or stern
• Capsize - tip over, or sink
Watertight Integrity
Access through bulkheads is provided by doors and through decks by hatches.
Hatch
Door
Watertight Integrity
These are tanks located at the extreme bow and stern of the ship and are used for trimming the ship.
Forward (or Forepeak) and After Peak Tanks
After Peak Tanks
Forepeak Tanks
Watertight Integrity
A collision bulkhead is a strong watertight bulkhead at the after end of the forepeak tank.
If one ship rams another head on, the bow structure would collapse, hopefully, somewhere forward of the collision bulkhead, thus preventing flooding of compartments aft of it.
Watertight Integrity
Maintenance of watertight integrity is a function of damage control.
A stuffing tube is a cylinder plugged with watertight filler material to prevent leakage.
Stuffing Tube
Watertight Integrity
All watertight doors and hatches carry markings that determine when they may or may not be opened.
In this case, the “Z” (condition ZEBRA) indicates this door is normally kept closed at all times.
How is watertight integrity maintained on a Navy ship?
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A. The nuclear powered ship glows in the dark.
B. Both use a steam powered turbine, but one uses nuclear power to heat the water to steam.
C. The nuclear powered ship uses a release of nuclear isotopes to drive the turbine.
D. The nuclear powered ship moves by a motor powered by electricity from the reactor.
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A. As long as the ship is in commission.
B. Until the captain scuttles the ship.
C. Until the war on terrorism is over.
D. Until there is world peace.
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Questions?
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Click here to return to this index. Index
1. Backbone of the hull
2. Upper edge of side of vessel
3. Ship rolls, side to side
4. Ship's movement- up, down; fore, aft
5. Bow swings to port and starboard
6. Distance from keel to waterline
7. Rooms of a ship
8. Bathrooms on a ship
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9. Dining area for commissioned officers
10. Private room on a ship
11. Parts of deck exposed to elements
12. Drain at edge of deck exposed to weather
13. Any deck above main deck
14. Mast nearest the bow
15. Second mast from forward
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16. Slender vertical extension above mast, ship’s commission pennant flown
17. Short flagpole at a ship’s bow, jack is flown
18. Supplies air to main propulsion engines, removes exhaust
19. Soundness of ship’s construction, prevents leakage
20. Lean to port or starboard
21. Be “down” by head or stern
22. Strong watertight bulkhead at after end of the forepeak tank
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A. Scupper
B. Abeam
C. Keel
D. Gunwale
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A. Rail
B. Gunwale
C. Head
D. Weather deck
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A. Yaw
B. Pitch
C. Roll
D. Wayward
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A. Roll
B. Wayward
C. Pitch
D. Yaw
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A. Roll
B. Bows
C. Wayward
D. Yaw
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A. Berth
B. Trim
C. Yaw
D. Draft
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A. Cabins
B. Quarters
C. Compartments
D. Blocks
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Index Leader Team MVP Fastest Whiteboard
A. John
B. Head
C. Lavatory
D. Watercloset
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A. Mainroom
B. Stateroom
C. Wardroom
D. Commandroom
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A. Stateroom
B. Wardroom
C. Commonroom
D. Cabin
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A. Top deck
B. Weather deck
C. Scupper deck
D. Outer deck
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A. Lift
B. Jackstaff
C. Stack
D. Scupper
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A. Stack deck
B. Platform deck
C. Superstructure
D. Well deck
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A. Foremast
B. Shipmast
C. Mainmast
D. Topmast
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A. Captain’s mast
B. Topmast
C. Foremast
D. Mainmast
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Index Leader Team MVP Fastest Whiteboard
A. Trim
B. Pigstick
C. Lift
D. Stack
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Index Leader Team MVP Fastest Whiteboard
A. Stubby
B. Pigstick
C. Flagstaff
D. Jackstaff
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Index Leader Team MVP Fastest Whiteboard
A. Smoke Barrel
B. Stack
C. Condenser
D. Exhaust Tube
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Index Leader Team MVP Fastest Whiteboard
A. Water resistance
B. Sinkabiltiy
C. Seaworthiness
D. Watertight integrity
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Index Leader Team MVP Fastest Whiteboard
A. List
B. Trim
C. Stack
D. Draw
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Index Leader Team MVP Fastest Whiteboard
A. Draw
B. List
C. Trim
D. Stack
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Index Leader Team MVP Fastest Whiteboard
A. Forepeak bulkhead
B. Collision bulkhead
C. Front bulkhead
D. Counter bulkhead
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