ESL501 online

MODULE 4:INTEGRATING

QUOTES IN TEXT WITH

PIE STRUCTURE Adapted from

Prof. Randall Sadler and Susan Faivre

PIE!

Point

Illustration

Explanation

PIE STRUCTURE

Point Although the bald eagle is still listed as an endangered

species, its ever-increasing population is very encouraging . According to ornithologist Jay Sheppard, “The bald eagle seems to have stabilized its population, at the very least, almost everywhere” (2004, p. 96).

 Signal Phrase

Illustration In-text Citation

(Notice the author is mentioned in the signal phrase)

(No explanation yet!)

 

PointSignal Phrase(These 2 may or may not be one sentence)Illustration (quote/paraphrase/summary) In-text citationExplanation

EVERY QUOTE/PARAPHRASE/SUMMARY YOU USE SHOULD HAVE ALL 5 OF THESE

THINGS:

• Point• Signal Phrase #1• Illustration #1• Signal Phrase #2• Illustration #2• Signal Phrase # 3• Illustration #3• Explanation (or the explanation might be used

throughout the paragraph)

You as the author need to decide what is needed to best illustrate and explain your point

OTHER OPTIONS FOR PIE

In the words of researcher and Nobel prize winner Chie Fujii, “…” (Quotation to follow in “…”)

As Sang-soo Lee has noted, “…” The Hossain’s point out that “….” “…,” claims linguist Noam Chomsky. Psychologist Ivan Cokrosaputra off ers an odd argument

for this view: “…” Dring answers these objections with the following

analysis: “…” According to Randall Sadler, author of Give me all your

money, “…”

The signal phrase indicates what is to come is not the author’s own, that they’re borrowing from another source to better illustrate their point

EXAMPLES OF SIGNAL PHRASES

Acknowledges Comments Endorses Reasons

Adds Compares Grants Refutes

Admits Confirms Illustrates Rejects

Agrees Contends Implies Reports

Argues Declares Insists Responds

Asserts Denies Notes Suggests

Believes Disputes Observes Thinks

Claims Emphasizes Points outs Writes

SOME COMMON SIGNAL PHRASES

In addition, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) helps recruiting talented students, which is an essential factor for continuous development of a company. Hill & Knowlton, Inc. (2008) showed that competent students in leading Universities prefer the companies with a higher corporate reputation through their CSR activities (p.4). As examples above show, both reputations and competent human resources can be obtained through CSR activities.

PointSignal phraseIllustrationIn-text citationExplanation

EXAMPLE PIE STRUCTURES

One main problem is that most government positions are fi lled with men and they might not be feminists. According to Center for American Women and Politics (2012), women hold far less percentage in government positions not only in present day but also in the past (p. 26). The current feminism opportunities and gender equalities regulations are the result of years long fighting and campaigning.

PointSignal phraseIllustrationIn-text citationExplanation

EXAMPLE PIE STRUCTURES (CONT.)

When integrating information from other sources into your own writing, remember PIE:

PointSignal Phrase(These 2 may or may not be one sentence)Illustration (quote/paraphrase/summary) In-text citationExplanation

SUMMARY

Hacker, D. (1995). A Writer’s Reference. Boston: Bedford Books.

Sadler, R. (2005). Topic Sentences and Pie Structure. Resources. Retrieved from: eslweb.org.

REFERENCES