Module - The International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO). Training... · Teaching material on seedling techniques ... tools used. For field ... Together with the commitee, Trainers

Training Module of Sandalwood Resources Planning,

Silviculture and Utilization

By :

Elizabeth Lukas

Yani Septiani

Tim ITTO PD 459/07 Rev.1 (F) Yani Septiani Elizabeth Lukas Dodi Andriadi S. Esther Martha Joseph Christian Mocka Address : ITTO PD 459/07 Rev.1 (F) Jakarta: Manggala Wanabakti Building Block 4 7th floor Wing B Nr. 715 Jl. Jend. Gatot Subroto Jakarta 10210 Tel. : (62‐21) 574 6747, 570 3246, ext 5291 Fax.: (62‐21) 574 6747 Kupang: cq. Provincial Forestry Office of East Nusa Tenggara Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Kelapa Lima – Kota Kupang. 85228 Tel.: (62‐380) 831 847 Fax.: (62‐380) 833 102 Executing Agency: The Ministry of Forestry of Indonesia The Directorate General of Production Forest Management The Directorate of Natural Forest Development Address: Manggala Wanabakti Building Block I, 11th floor Jl. Jend. Gatot Subroto Jakarta 10210 Phone.: (62‐21) 573 0381, 573 0382 Fax.: (62‐21) 573 0381 Collaborating Agency: Provincial Forestry Office of East Nusa Tenggara Address: Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Kelapa Lima – Kota Kupang. 85228 Phone.: (62‐380) 831 847 Fax.: (62‐380) 833 102

International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) International Organizations Center, 5th Floor Pacifico‐Yokohama 1‐1‐1, Minato‐Mirai, Nishi‐ku, Yokohama, 220‐0012 Japan

Tel : +81‐45‐223‐1110 Fax : +81‐45‐223‐1111 Email: [email protected]

i

PREFACE

I thank God for the accomplishment of the Training Module on Planning, Silviculture, and Sandalwood Utilization. This module is used as the training material in 4 districts i.e. Alor, East Flores, East Sumba, South Timor Tengah.

This module is a part of Sandalwood development efforts in East Nusa Tenggara Province undertaken by the Ministry of Forestry of Indonesia through ITTO (International Tropical Timber Organization) project PD 459/07 Rev.1 (F); “Improving the Enabling Conditions for Sustainable Management of Sandalwood Forest Resources in East Nusa Tenggara” . The Project aims to support Sandalwood protection efforts in East Nusa Tenggara Province through strengthening policy framework, economic incentive, and local institution in managing Sandalwood sustainably. This program becomes a program priority dealing with Sandalwood issues in East Nusa Tenggara Province.

At the initial stage with a support from ITTO, policy analysis and economic incentive for Sandalwood management in East Nusa Tenggara as the realisation of the Action Plan and the Master Plan of Sandalwood management in East Nusa Tenggara have been conducted. Through this study, inputs from communities, the elders/religion leaders and NGOs indicated the need to undertake trainings for communities in Planning, Silviculture, and Sandalwood Management. Training module is prepared for the trainings.

We thank the Formulation Team and the Forestry Centre for Education and Training for their efforts in preparing the module. I hope that the important information in this module is useful as the guidelines for the trainings in Sandalwood management, not only in East Nusa Tenggara Province, but also in other Provinces in Indonesia.

Jakarta, September 2010 Project Coordinator ITTO PD 459/07 Rev.1 (F)

Yani Septiani

ii

TABLE OF CONTENT

PREFACE………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………… i

LiST OF TABLES ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. ii

LIST OF FIGURES ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. iii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ………………………………………………………………………………………. iv

INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………….…………………………….. 1

A. Background

B. Objective……………………………………………………………………..…………………………………. 1

C. The use of Training Modules ……………………………………….………………………............. 2

a. For Trainers ………………..……………………………………………………………………………... 2

b. For Trainees ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2

c. For Sponsor …………………………………………………………………………………………….…. 2

D. Manual for users ….………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2

E. Curriculum and syllabus …………………………………………………………………………………… 3

F. Manual for learning process.………………………………………………………………………….…… 10

G. Training schedule.………………………………………………………………………………………………. 24

H. Closing …….……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 25

APPENDICES…………………………………………

1. List of practical equipments and material ……………………………………………………… 26

iii

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Subject List ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5

Table 2. Training Syllabus on Sandalwood planning, silviculture and utilization ……… 7

Table 3. The introduction to the training environment ………………..……………………….... 10

Table 4. Training material of local government policies on Sandalwood cultivation ….. 12

Table 5. Teaching material on seedling techniques …………………………………………………. 14

Table 6. Teaching material of Sandalwood planting techniques……………….………………. 17

Table 7. Teaching material of Sandalwood maintenance and harvesting techniques… 19

Table 8. Training schedule………………………………………………………………………………..………. 24

iv

LIST OF FIGURES

Picture 1. The diagram of training process in planning, silviculture and Sandalwood

utilization for Farmer GroupLeaders……………………………………………..…... 6

v

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ATK : Alat Tulis Kantor (Stationary)

BDK : Balai Diklat Kehutanan (Forestry Training and Education Centre)

ISOMA : Istirahat Solat dan Makan (Lunch Break)

ITTO : International Tropical Timber Organization

JPL : Jam Pelajaran (section)

NTT : Nusa Tenggara Timur (East Nusa Tenggara)

Pemda : Pemerintah Daerah (Local Government)

RHL : Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan (Reforestation and Land Rehabilitation)

TTS : Timor Tengah Selatan (South Timor Tengah)

Training Module of Sandalwood Resources Planning, Silviculture and Utilization

Improving the Enabling Conditions for Sustainable Management of Sandalwood Forest Resources in East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia

1

INTRODUCTION

A. Background

East Nusa Tenggara province was popular for Sandalwood. It is not anymore, however

since it is very difficult to find Sandalwood trees at the moment both on private lands and

state lands. The species is almost extinct due to over‐exploitation. Various reasons behind its

endangered condition are: unsupportive policies (non pro‐people policies), inbalance

between explotitation and planting, not optimal genetic conservation efforts, and others.

Local government of East Nusa Tenggara Province has been active to deal with the issues by

for example issuing regulations which support the development of Sandalwood.

Sandalwood (Santalum album Linn) is one of tree species which is planted for land

rehabilitation and reforestation objectives. East Nusa Tenggara is its native habitat. As a

commercial tree species, propagation efforts have to be carried out. Effective propagation

efforts involving communities are done through capacity building activities to cultivate

Sandalwood. Capacity building is done through trainings which enable communities to

enhance their technical capacity on Sandalwood cultivation. Therefore, capacity building

through trainings on planning, silviculture, and Sandalwood utilization are crucial to be done.

The target is communities. After training completion, communities are expected to be able

to apply training outcomes collectively and they will become the examples for other

communities.

B. Objectives Modules consist of the competency in planning, silviculture, and Sandalwood

utilization. Competency is reflected in several modules. Competency will be achieved

through a learning process.

Training modules are prepared as the manual of learning processes on Sandalwood

management for Trainers, Trainees, and organizer. The objectives are efficiency and

effectivity. In the form of written documents, the modules are used as the manual for

training preparation, learning process, Trainee evaluation, and the evaluation of training

activities.



2

C. The use of training modules

a. For Trainers

Modules are used as manual for learning processes on planning, silviculture, and

Sandalwood utilization. The manual includes module teaching preparation, material and

tools used. For field training purpose, locations should be well prepared. Surveys should be

conducted in selecting locations. Plain language should be used both in preparing the

modules and teaching. In addition, participative approach should be applied to ensure

interactive learning process.

b. For Trainees

Trainees are expected to be competent easily and in a relatively short time in Sandalwood

management, including the cultivation techniques because they read the modules. They can

read the modules any time they want and whenever they want. Reading the modules before

class will enable an interactive learning process between Trainees and facilitators and

among the Trainees themselves since they are well prepared. Trainees will understand the

material easily.

c. For sponsor

Modules are important as the parameter of the success of the learning process. One of

significant factors, which indicate the success of training is the evaluation of learning process

written in the modules.

D. Manual for users

Training activities of Sandalwood management which start from planning to silviculture to

Sandalwood utilization cover various components which relate each others. The approach is

therefore led to one system. Each component should be prepared systematically,

comprehensively and involve multi stakeholders. One of the important factors in training

activities is to prepare training modules. Modules consist of competencies which are

distributed to the Trainees. Modules are prepared by referring to the format provided by the

Forestry Centre for Education and Training in cooperation with ITTO PD 459/07 Rev 1 (F);

“Improving the Enabling Conditions for Sustainable Management of Sandalwood Forest



3

Resources in East Nusa Tenggara Province ‐ Indonesia” . However, the contents are modified

based on the objectives of both ITTO and the Forestry Centre for Education and Training.

Each subject consists of curriculum and syllabus, teaching sheets (LPM) and notes

(learning scenario). It is important for Trainers as the manual in preparing training material.

Together with the commitee, Trainers prepare training support equipments e.g. LCD, chart,

marker, tape, metaplan, planno paper, and others. Trainees should be provided with handout

to enable them in understanding the material taught by the Trainers.

E. Curriculum and syllabus

a. Training name: Sandalwood management

b. Background

Sandalwood is one of native tree species in East Nusa Tenggara Province. The

Sandalwood habitat e.g. Timor island, Alor, and Sumba. However, Sandalwood is

endangered. Over exploitation and non‐conducive local government policies are the reasons

behind the endangered Sandalwood. Replanting needs to be done. Therefore, Sandalwood

can contribute economically and socially with the final outcome to communities. The

program should be supported by various stakeholders, including by communities.

Communities should be supported in enhancing their capacity in Sandalwood cultivation.

Sandalwood is unique in terms of its characteristics, its price, the treatment, and others.

Sandalwood cultivation techniques should be taught to eliminate the failure in planting. In

addition, the regulators i.e. Provincial and District Forestry Offices need to be strengthened

for their capacity in the management planning.

The active and propotional communities’ involvement has been encouraged to

support the success of Sandalwood planting to return its past success. To optimize the

communities’ role in Sandalwood cultivation both on state‐forest lands and private lands,

communities’ capacity needs to be enhanced. The enhancement of communities’ knowledge

and motivation to protect forest as well as to practice environmental friendly forest

management are important. The effort should be participative.Trainings are considered

appropriate strategies.

c. Training description

The Trainees are particularly Farmer Group Leaders who come from the villages

within TTS district area. The aim is that they will have expertise in Sandalwood cultivation.



4

Meanwhile, the Trainees of Sandalwood management planning are the regulators in Provincial

and District Forestry Offices. The trainings should be done separately. Trainings in cultivation

techniques to harvesting will be carried out in 3 days (29 sections of 45 minutes. It consists of

13 sections of theory and 16 sections of practice). The trainings will be carried out in Forestry

Training Centre in Buat, Soe.

The method is done interactively through lectures, discussion, questions, and

demonstration.

d. Training objective

After the training completion, the Trainees are expected to have a better understanding and a similar perception on planning, silviculture, and Sandalwood utilization.

e. Training target

After training completion, the Trainees are expected to be able to:

1. Explain the policies on Sandalwood cultivation. 2. Practice Sandalwood and host plant seedling activities. 3. Practice Sandalwood and host plant planting. 4. Practice Sandalwood and host plant maintenance.

5. Explain harvesting and utilization activities.

f. The training target group

a. 30 Trainees are Farmer group Leaders and Elders who are involved in Sandalwood

management.

b. Trainee origin: villages in TTS district. c. Trainee qualification: - Sex: Male/Female

- Lowest education level: Elementary school

- Physical and mentally healthy

- Never attending similar trainings

- Indonesian language ability.

g. Trainers a. Trainer qualifcation:

- Knowledge in theory and practice

- Sufficient experiences

- Teaching and evaluating ability

b. Trainer origin:

- Kupang Forestry Training Centre



5

- Related institutions

h. Training venues Modules on theory will be held at Forestry Training Centre in Soe, while practice will be held

in seedling demonstration plot and Sandalwood demonstration plot in Soe.

i. Training schedule

Training will be held in 3 days equivalent to 29 sections of 45 minutes (13 sections of theory

and 16 sections of practice).

j. Training equipments and material

a. Trainee requirement:

- Stationary - Training handbook - Writing book

- Training textbooks

b. Class room requirement:

- OHP/OHT/LCD - White board

- Planno paper - Marker

- Eraser - Glue/Tape

k. Subject List

Table 1. Subject list

Nr. Subject section I. Theory 13 1 The introduction to the training environment 1 2 Local government policies on Sandalwood development program 2 3 Sandalwood seedling techniques 4 4 Sandalwood planting 2 5 Sandalwood maintenance, harvesting, and utilization 4 II Practice 16 1 Sandalwood seedling techniques 10 2 Sandalwood planting and maintenance 6 Total 29



6

l. Training process diagram

Training process diagram describes the sequences of material teaching so the Trainees can follow the learning process and the training objective can be achieved effectively. Training process diagram is also important in preparing training activity schedule. The training process diagram of Sandalwood cultivation is described below:

Picture. 1 Training process diagram on Sandalwood planning, silviculture, and utilization for Farmer

Group Leaders

To establish a learning

environment

Conception

(knowledge)

Practice

The establishment of training environment

A. Local government policies on

Sandalwood

B. Seedling techniques

C. Local government policies on

Sandalwood development program

D. Sandalwood planting techniques

E. Sandalwood maintenance and

harvesting techniques

F. Sandalwood seedling techniques G. Sandalwood planting techniques H. Sandalwood maintenance techniques

Training objective

After training completion, Trainees are expected to have expertise in Sandalwood

cultivation.



7

Table 2. Training Syllabus on Sandalwood planning, silviculture and utilization

Nr. Subject Section The objective of Specific Instruction Theme

a. Methods b. Tools/materi

al Reference

I. Theory (13)

1

The introduc-tion environ-ment

1 After the training completion, trainees are expected to: - Know each others

and be able com-municate each others.

- Be motivated to learn and to work

1. Introduction/ice breaking

2. To enhance the motivation to learn and to work.

3. To enhance collaboration.

4. Introduction to programs

a. Games, discussion, lectures

b. White board, OHP, Flip chart,news-papers,tapes games,statio-nary.

Group dynamics

2.

Local government policies on Sandalwood cultivation

2

After training completion, trainees are expected to be able to: - Explain govern-

ment programs in reforestation and land rehabilitation

- Local government regulations on Sandalwood cultivation.

a. Efforts in

reforestation and land rehabilitation

b. Local govern-ment regulations and policies in Sandalwood cultivation

a. Lectures,

discussion and inquiry

b. OHP, OHT, white board, planno paper, handout

- Local

government regulations on Sandal-wood in District/ - Province

3. Sandalwood seedling techniques

4

After training completion, trainees are expected to be able to: - Explain seedlling

procurement - Explain seedling

planning - Explain seedling

propagation - Explain the maintenance of the seed lings in the nursery - Explain nursery

- Seed sources - Seed collecting - Seed storage - Seed needs - Nursery location requirement - Nursery size - Nursery buildings - Generative Propa gation - Vegetative Propa- gation - SeedlingTreatments - Seedling spreading and weaning - Primary host plants - Maintenance in

a. Lectures,

demonstration, discussion


- Technical

guidelines on seedling technology - Technical

guidelines on nursery



8



al Reference

4. Sandalwood

planting

2

After the training completion,Trainees are expected to : - Explain the selec-

tion techniques of Sandalwood seedlings which are ready for planting - Explain planting

pattern - Explain planting

stages - Explain secondary

host plants

- Seedling selection - Planting pattern - Direct planting techniques - Indirect planting

techniques - Host plant planting

techniques - Planting stages

a. Lectures, discussion and questions


- Technical guidelines for planting

5. Maintenance and harvesting including Sandalwood utilization

2 After the training completion,Traineesare expected to be able to : - Explain the cons-

truction of drop irrigation/botes Explain weeding techniques - Explain fertilizing

techniques - Explain pest dise-

ases elimination - Explain harvesting

and utilization techniques

- Drop irrigation - Weeding - Fertilizing - Pest & diseases elimination - Sandalwood harvest ing and utilization techniques

a.Lectures,

discussion and questions


- Technical

guidelines for planting

II.

Practice

16

1. Seedlings 10 After the practice

completion,Traineesare expected to be able to demonstrate Sandalwood and host plant seedling techniques

- Seed selection - Location selection - Seedling media preparation

- Media filling to polybags

- Seedling treatment

a. Practice b. Practice

handout,seeds polybag, sand and soil media, riddle, primary host

-



9



al Reference

- Spreading techniques

- Weaning techniques - Direct planning techniques

- Primary host plant planning techniques

plants, TSP fertilizer,manure, shovel

2. Sandalwood planting and maintenance

6

After the practice completion, Trainees are expected to: - Demonstrate Sandalwood and host plant planting techniques - Demonstrate

maintenance techniques for Sandalwood and host plants

- Seedling selection technique for Seed ling ready for planting

- Transportation techniques - Planting pattern - Planting holes

preparation - Direct planting

techniques - Planting techniques

through nursery - Sandalwood and

secondary host plant planting stage

- Stitching technique - Irrigation technique

with botes weeding - Pest diseases elimination - Prunning

a. Practice b. Practice

handout, seeds, crow bar,mattok frame A,cleaver bamboo, urea fertilizer,manureetc.

-



10

m. Training description

Training on Sandalwood cultivation aims to enhance the knowledge, motivation of

communities in particular the farmer groups in Sandalwood cultivation. Final outcome

expected are the enhancement of community’s income and the sustainability of

Sandalwood.

F. Learning process manual

1. The introduction to the training environment

Teaching preparation sheets

Title : The introduction to the training environment Duration : 1 section (45 minutes)

Objective : Trainees know each others both their names and origin, to create

communicative environment and prepare Trainees mentally to the learning process

Target : After training comnpletion, Trainees are expected to: 1. know each others , comunícate fluently to each others, and with the

Trainers and committee 2. To enhance the motivation in training and work 3. To explain the need for collaboration in any activities

Subject : Table 3. The introduction to the training environment

Contents Methods Demonstration tools Duration A. Introduction • Greeting • Motivation

Lectures, discussion

LCD, computer, Whiteboard

5’

B. Main material • Introduction • Motivation

enhancement and collaboration

Games, discussion

ganes, whiteboard, marker

10’ 25’

C. Concusion • Conclusion • Epilogue


Whiteboard, marker

5’



11

Note for Trainers

Guidelines for Trainers

This section becomes the first section in the training. This section should be fun for every body

since this section becomes a warming section. Games should be used by Trainers.

Introduction

o Trainer should introduce himself/herself first to create a warm environment

o Greetings

o Explain briefly about the subjects and learning process activities during the training

Main material

Introduction

Trainer should ask the Trainees whether they have known each others. If not, the introduction

section should be organized. Each Trainee is asked to look for their pairs. It is suggested that the

pairs have not known each others. Each Trainee is asked to ask their pair’s names, origin, marital

status, interests, and others. Time allocated is 5 minutes. Then, each Trainee is asked to introduce

his/her pair to other Trainees. After the introduction section has been finished, Trainees

introduce all Trainees. Afterwards, the discussion section is organized. Ask Trainees about the

benefits of the introduction section. Some Trainees are requested to know each others. Say that

during the training, the Trainess will be together so they have to know each others and keep the

friendship.

The enhancement of motivation and collaboration

Every Trainee has to find a new pair. Each pair sits face by face separated by a table. Each pair is

given a piece of paper divided into two pieces and a pencil. Put the paper on the table. The pencil

is held by the two Trainees. One Trainee holds the top of the pencil, while another Trainee holds

the bottom of the pencil. Each pair draws a house within 10

minutes. After 10 minutes, check all of the pairs. Which pairs are successful in drawing the house

and which pairs are not. Ask the successful pairs, why they are successful and ask unsuccessful



12

pairs, why they are not successful. Discuss with all Trainees, what factors contribute to the

cooperation. The respons are written on the white board and conclusion is made by the Trainer.

Remarks

o Trainer re‐emphasises to the Trainees that activities during training need to be done together. Therefore, cooperation among Trainees is required. The success of the training is also determined by the spirit and motivation of the Trainees.

o Trainer gives concluding remarks.

2. Local government policies on Sandalwood cultivation

Training preparation sheets

Title : Local government policies on Sandalwood cultivation

Duration : 2 sections ( 90 minutes)

Objective : Trainess could explain local government regulations relating to Sandalwood

Target : After training completion, Trainees are expected to be able to : 1. Explain reforestation and land rehabilitation activities 2. Explain local government regulations on Sandalwood Explain Sandalwood development program

Training material :

Table 4. Training material of local government policies on Sandalwood cultivation

Contents Methods Demonstration tools

Duration

A. Introduction • Greeting • Motivation



5’

B. Main material • Reforestation and land

rehabilitation activities • Local government

regulations on Sandalwood

• Sandalwood development program


LCD, computer, Whiteboard, material texts

15’ 45’ 20’

C. Epiloque • Conclusion • Epilogue

Lectures, discussion Lectures

Whiteboard, marker

4’ 1’



13

Note for Trainer

Guidelines for Tainer

The materials for this section are: the importance to rehabilitate forest and land, regulations

on Sandalwood, rights and responsibilities for Sandalwood cultivation. This section encourages

and motivates Trainees to plant Sandalwood. The material should be clearly delivered to the

Trainees in order that the Trainees have similar perception.

Introduction

• Greeting to trainees

• Informing the objectives and the target of the section

• Exploring the issues relating to the extinction of Sandalwood

Main Subjects

1. Reforestation and land rehabilitation activities

2. The section starts with the question whether the Trainees know any activities which relate

to reforestation and land rehabilitation. Trainer takes a note on all answers. It is followed by

general explanation about reforestation and land rehabilitation. Give chances to the

Trainees to ask or to give comments, answer the questions by explaining more detail about

reforestation and land rehabilitation. Then, explain the relation between planting

Sandalwood and reforestation and land rehabilitation. Explain that by planting Sandalwood,

the environment will improve. In addition, explain that planting Sandalwood also enhance

communities’ economy significantly. Conclude the section and explain which parts of lecture

the Trainees have not understood.

3. Local government regulations on Sandalwood

Explain the previous regulations and compare to the current regulations. Emphasise that

current regulations are pro‐people. Give chances to the Trainees to give comments on the

current regulations. Explain the objective of issuing the current regulations. Explain what will

happen on the absence of the current regulations or against‐people regulations. Continue

with discussion to explore the issue. Conclude with the conclusion on the importance of the

current regulations.



14

4. Sandalwood development program

Ask the Trainees the constraints of planting Sandalwood as well as its utilization. The input is

useful for discussion and problem solving alternatives. Explain that by understanding

problem solving alternatives, the priority can be determined. Explain further about the

priorities which have been chosen. Give chances to the Trainees to ask or to give comments,

answer the questions so the Trainees understand the lecture

Closing remarks

Trainer ask the Trainees once again about the lecture whether they have understood or not. If

not, the Trainer needs to explain more shortly but systematically. Trainer thanks Trainees and

ends the section by greeting the Trainees.

1. Seedling techniques


Title : Seedling technique


Objective : Trainees can explain effective communication and teaching techniques for adults

Target : After training completion, Trainees are expected to be able to: 1. Explain seedling preparation 2. Explain nursery planning 3. Explain Sandalwood propagation techniques 4. Explain Sandalwood maintenance techniques 5. Explain host plant seedling techniques

Teaching material:

Table 5. Teaching material on seedling techniques

Contents Methods Demonstration tools Duration A. Introduction

• Greeting • Introduction

Lecture, discussion White board, LCD, laptop /computer, stationary

5’

B. Main material • Planning • Seddling

preparation

Lecture, discussion, questions, games, demonstration

White board, LCD, laptop / computer, stationary.

35’ 35’



15

• Nursery • Sandalwood

propagation • Maintenance in

nursery • Host plant

seedling techniques

60’ 30’ 15’

C. Epilogue Summary Greeting

Lecture, discussion White board, LCD, laptop / computer, stationary.

5’

Note for Trainer

Guidelines for Trainer

Seedling activity is the first activity of the whole cycle of Sandalwood cultivation. If seedling

activity fails, Sandalwood cultivation will also fail. For the reason, the Trainees are required to

pay attention to this section.

Introduction

• Greet the Trainees and ask their condition.

• Trainer explains the material which will be taught and the importance of the material for the

Trainees.

Main material

1. Basic theory on seedling preparation

All tree cultivation, including Sandalwood start with seedling preparation. Trainer explains

activities of seedling preparation i.e. seedling sources, seedling collecting techniques, seedling

selection, spreading seedling in ditch/flower beds or directly to weaning beds.

2. Nursery planning

Before establishing the nurseries, Trainer should explain the seedling quantity required, the size

of the planting area, the size of planting spacing, and others. Therefore, the seedling

requirement as well as the size of nursery area can be predicted. Inefficiency and the shortage



16

in the field can be avoided. Explain with a simple calculation to determine the size of nursery

area.

Give chances to the Trainees to understand the lecture through discussion. Trainer concludes

the importance of nursery planning. Then, Trainer give chances to the Trainees for discussion to

have a better understanding about the lecture.

3. Tree propagation

Trainer starts this section by discussing Sandalwood propagation techniques. Explain that

Sandalwood propagation can be done through both vegetative and generative propagation.

Explain more about generative propagation since such propagation is more suitable for

Sandalwood compared to vegetative propagation. Explain the examples of success in doing

generative propagation in various regions. Explain the stages in doing generative propagation.

Provide time for discussion and answering questions.

4. Maintenance in nursery

Ask Trainees to form small groups to discuss what kinds of maintenance activities. One of the

group presents their work in the front of the class, while other groups pay attention. Other

groups are given chances to give comments. Trainer discusses the issues and explain further

about maintenace activities in nursery.

5. Host plant seedling activity

Explain that Sandalwood is distinct to other tree species, in terms of its hemi paracycte

character. Sandalwood requires host plants to suck the nutrition. Explain the role of the

primary host plant for the Sandalwood growth. Explain various host plant specification,

obtaining host plant, planting techniques, and time period for planting. Give chances to

Trainees for discussion to have a better understanding on the lecture.

Epilogue

Trainer gives chances to Trainees to ask. Thank the Trainees for their participation and their

attention. The section is ended by greeting the Trainees.



17

2. Sandalwood planting techniques


Title : Sandalwood planting techniques


Objective : Trainees can explain appropriate Sandalwood planting techniques based on the guidelines.

Target : After training completion, Trainees are expected to be able to: 1. Explain techniques on seedling selection which are ready for planting 2. Explain planting pattern 3. Explain planting stages 4. Explain secondary host plants

Teaching material:

Table 6. Teaching material of Sandalwood planting techniques

Contents Methods Demonstration tools Duration A. Introduction

• Greeting • Introduction


5’

B. Main material • Seedling selection

which are ready for planting

• Planting pattern • Planting stages • Secondary host

plants

Lecture, discussion

White board, LCD, laptop /computer, stationary

15’ 45’ 30’ 35’

C. Epilogue • Summary • Greeting


5’

Note for Trainer


This section emphasizes the importance of the selection of seedlings which are ready for planting.

Seedling selection is expected to produce high quality trees. Trainer should be able to explain that

many failures are resulted from unfulfilment of seedling criteria. Seedling selection is therefore very



18

important to achieve optimal result. Seedling not ready for planting should be given particular

treatment before planting.

Introduction

• Greeting

• New Trainers should introduce themselves to the Trainees.

• Explain the connection between previous lectures to this lecture and explain general description

about the scope of this lecture.

Main material

1. Seedling selection

This section starts by asking the Trainees to share their experiences on the physical

characteristics of seedlings which are ready for planting. Ask the Trainees to discuss this matter

with their colleagues sitting next to them and ask their colleague to take a note. Trainer explains

further about physical characteristics of seedlings which are ready for planting.

2. Planting pattern

This section starts with showing some pictures or photographs on single tree species planting

pattern or alley cropping planting pattern. Trainer explains the advantages of each pattern in

order to motivate Trainees to plant Sandalwood. Trainer also explains both direct and indirect

planting patterns. Ask Trainees to analyse advantages and disadvantages of both direct and

indirect planting patterns. Then Trainer clarifies the advantages of each planting pattern. Trainer

asks ideal planting spacing for Sandalwood. Every Trainee answer the question with their

arguments. Ask other Trainees to give comments. Finally, Trainer concludes the answers and

clarifies planting spacing for Sandalwood.

3. Planting stages

Trainees are requested to share their knowledge and experiences about planting stages of

Sandalwood and the reasons. Trainer adds the information by showing the planting stages.

Trainer explains the objective and the target of each stage so the Trainees will understand the

importance of appropriate planting process.



19

4. Secondary host plants

This section starts with explaining the function of secondary host plants and tree species used as

secondary host plants. Trainer also shows various host plant species (legume family) to the

Trainees. Trainer explain how to prepare host plant and how to plant it. Give chances to Trainees

to ask or to share their experiences so they are able to understand the lecture easily.

Concluding remarks

• Before closing the section, provide time for discussion to test Trainees’ understanding to the

lecture.

• Make a summary of important points.

• Greeting.

3. Sandalwool maintenance and harvesting techniques


Title : Sandalwood maintenance and harvesting techniques


Objective : Trainees could explain permanent, productive, and sustainable agriculture activities by practicing appropriate soil and water conservation techniques.

Target : After training completion, trainees are expected to be able to: 1. Explain drop irrigation 2. Explain weeding techniques 3. Explain fertilizing techniques 4. Explain pest and diseases elimination 5. Explain harvesting techniques

Teaching material:

Table 7. Teaching material of Sandalwood maintenance and harvesting techniques

Contents Methods Demonstration tools Duration A. Introduction • Greeting • Motivation

Lecture, discussion


5’

B. Main material • Drop irrigation • Weeding

Lecture, discussion

LCD, Komputer, Whiteboard, texts

25’ 15’



20

• Fertilizing • Pest and diseases

fumigation • Harvesting

15’ 15’ 15’

C. Epilogue • Conclusion • Greeting

Lecture, discussion Lecture

Whiteboard, marker

9’ 1’

Note for Trainer


This section explains efforts required in order that Sandalwood can grow well after they are planted.

The activity starts from when the trees are planted in the field to harvesting time. During the period,

Sandalwood is very vulnerable. It requires treatments in particular from the first year to the third

year. Trainer should emphasises the importance of the maintenance.

Introduction

• Greeting.

• Explain the objective and the target of the lecture.

• Explore the knowledge and issues relating to Sandalwood at a field level.

Main material

1. Drop irrigation (Botes)

This section starts by giving the Trainees chances to tell about watering. Trainer takes a note

about the information, then explains practical and simple watering technique. Trainer should

also explain the water issue in the area. One solution is by establising botes. Explain how to

make botes. Give chances to the Trainees for a brief discussion. Then, explain to the Trainees by

showing pictures or scetchs which have been prepared by the Trainer.

2. Weeding

Explain the objective of weeding, weeding technique, and weeding schedule, tools used. Give

chances to the Trainees to ask questions or to share their experiences about weeding. Then

explain about weeding by showing pictures or photographs. Give chances to the Trainees to

response and to ask the questions. Trainer clarifies Trainees’ questions.



21

3. Fertilizing

It starts by asking the Trainees why plantation require fertilizer. Summarise the answers and

confirm the answers. Explain the purpose and objective of fertilizing, fertilizing principles,

fertilizer variety, fertilizing techniques, and fertilizing schedule. Give chances to the Trainees to

share their experiences. Take notes on the questions asked by the Trainees. Answer the

questions sequencely, shortly, and clearly. If there is no more questions, Trainer could ask

questions to test the Trainees’ understanding on the lecture.

4. Pest and diseases elimination

Explain the effects of pest and diseases attack. To make Trainees understand, Trainer shows

photographs and pictures of various Sandalwood pests and diseases. Then Trainer explains

conventional and modern fumigation techniques. However, conventional techniques are

recommended with such condition. Give chances to the Trainees for comments or opinion. Ask

the questions by explaining the comparison between trees with treatment and without

treatment. The Trainer explains sustainable harvesting. Give time for discussion to make

Trainees understand the lecture.

5. Harvesting

Start by explaining suistainable harvesting concept. Explain the purpose and the objective of the

sustainable harvesting and why it should be done. It is very important since many people have

not realized about this concept. Give chances for discussion so the Trainees understand the

lecture better.

Closing remarks

Trainer asks once again to the Trainees about the lecture, whether they understand or not about the

lecture. If there are Trainees who have not understood, Trainer should explain shortly and

systematically. Then thank the Trainees for their participation and greet the Trainees.

4. Seedling practice

Title : Seedling


Objective : Trainees can do the efforts to protect forests



22

Target : After training completion, Trainees are expected to be able to: 1. Select Sandalwood seedlings. 2. Treat the seedlings so they are ready to plant 3. Determine weaning media 4. Fill in the media to the pollybags 5. Spreading the seeds 6. Plant the primary host plants

Short note for Trainer

Knowledge on seedling has been learnt during theory section. Then, this section discusses about

practice (both in class and in the field). Before field practice is carried out Trainer should check the

location for field practice as the preparation stage. Executing Team should have prepared the tools

and material required. Trainer should also prepare practice manual for the Trainees.

Learning process and methods

a. Preparation

- Explanation on the objectice and the purpose of the practice

- Explanation on schedule and procedure of practical activities

- Preparation/practice tools and material checking

- Group division

b. Implementation

In practice, Trainees are requested to carry out seedling activities. Several seedling activities

which can be carried out:

Sandalwood seedling selection

a. Treatment to Sandalwood seedling

b. Determine the weaning media

c. Filling in the media to the pollybag

d. Spreading the seeds



23

e. Plant the primary host plants

c. Evaluation and reflection

After the practice activity, discussion is carried out to evaluate practice, which has been carried

out. It also aims as a reflection to know the Trainees’ feeling about the practice.

5. Sandalwood planting and maintenance practice

Title : Sandalwood planting and maintenance


Objective : Trainees are able to carry out several planting and maintenance activities

Target : After training completion, Trainees are expected to be able to: 1. To select seedlings which are ready for planting 2. To dig the holes for planting 3. To plant

Short note for Trainer

Planting and maintenance practices are the continuation stage of theory section. Practice in planting

and maintenance should be done by Trainees. It can be held in nursery demonstration plot and

Sandalwood demonstration plot of BDK Kupang. However, Trainer should check the demonstration

plot condition first as the initial stage. Executing Team should also prepare tools and material

needed as well as practice manual for the Trainees.

Learning process and methods

a. Preparation

- Explanation on the objective and purpose of practice

- Explanation on schedule and procedure of practice activities

- Preparation/checking of tools and material for practice

- Group division



24

b. Implementation

In the practice, Trainees are requested to carry out Sandalwood planting and maintenance

activities. Several activities which can be practiced are:

a. Selection of seedlings which are ready for planting;

b. Digging planting holes;

c. Planting;

d. Weeding;

e. Establishing botes.

c. Evaluation and reflection

After practicing, discussion is carried out to evaluate the practice. In addition, it aims as a

reflection to explore the Trainees’ feeling about the practice.

G. Training schedule

Table 8. Training schedule

Day/date Time Subject Trainers Institution

Monday/ 12.00 ‐ 20.00 Trainees arrive at the

dorm itory of Kupang

Training Centre in Buat

Dormitory staff BDK Kupang

Tuesday/ 07.30 ‐09.00

09.00 ‐ 10.00

10.00 ‐ 10.30

10.30 ‐ 11.15

11.15 ‐ 12.45

12.45 ‐ 14.00

14.00 ‐ 15.30

15.30‐15.45

1. Enrolment

2. Opening ceremony and

coffee break *

3. Introduction to the

training environment

4. Local government

policies on Sandalwood

lunch break


Coffee break

Officer

Officer

Harjanto

PM

Harjanto

ITTO Project ITTO

Project

BDK Kupang

Head of Forestry

Office

BDK Kupang



25

15.45 ‐ 16.30

16.30 ‐ 18.00


7. Planting techniques

Harjanto

Kenan

Tandipuang

BDK Kupang

BDK Kupang

Wednesday 08.00 ‐ 09.30

09.30 – 09.45

09.45 – 12.30

12.45 – 14.00

14.00 ‐ 15.30

15.30 ‐ 15.45

15.45 – 18.00

1. Maintenance and

harvesting techniques

Coffee break

2. Seedling practice (4)

ISOMA

3. Seedlin practice (2)

Coffee break

5. Seedling practice (3)

Harjanto

Harjanto,Kenan, Eman Harjanto,Kenan, Eman

BDK Kupang

BDK Kupang

BDK Kupang

BDK Kupang

Thursday 08.00 – 08.45

08.45 – 09.30

09.30 – 09.45

09.45 ‐12.45

14.00 – 14.45

14.45‐15.30

15.30‐15.45

Seedling practice (1)

Planting and maintenance

practice

Coffee break


practice


practice

Administration

Closing ceremony

Harjanto,Kenan, Eman Harjanto,Kenan, Eman Harjanto,Kenan, Eman Harjanto,Kenan, Eman

BDK KUpang

BDK KUpang

BDK KUpang

BDK KUpang

Note : The Head of District Forestry Office of South Timor Tengah (TTS) district will be invited during

the opening ceremony

h. Closing

The design of training modules on planning, silvicultures, and Sandalwood utilization in

particular for Farmer Group Leaders and farmer group members can be used as a reference for

training. Therefore, it helps the training process easier. As a reference, the design should be

flexible in the implementation due to changing situation.



26

Committee, Trainers, Organizers and all people involved in the training of Sandalwood

cultivation techniques should be able to adjust themselves with the environment. The

modification aims to deal with the condition. It is expected to enrich the module design and to

make the module design dynamics.

Appendix 1. The list of practical tools and material

A. Tools Quantity Notes 1. Mattock 5 2. Mowing tool 5 3. Cleaver 5 4. Crowbar 5 5. Shovel 5 6. Fine‐sand siever size

1x 0,6 m 1

7. Sand pan (size 1 x 1 m)

1

8. Bucket 5 9. Tub sow 5

10. Water yells 5 11. Roll metre 5 12. Handsprayer 5

B. Material 1. Sandalwood seeds 5 Kilo 2. Sandalwood seeds 100 seeds 3. Manure 5 sacks 4. Sand 3 sacks 5. Top soil 1 truck 6. Pollybags (12 x 15 )cm 1 kilo 7. Bamboo/plastic

water bottles 60 laths/ ± 6 trunks

9. Wick stove 8 m 10. Vilosa seeds 2 kilo 11. Vilosa seeds 60 seeds

Documents

Module - The International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO). Training... · Teaching material on seedling techniques ... tools used. For field ... Together with the commitee, Trainers