Modulus of Rubblized Concrete-Mid-Atlantic QA · PDF fileARRAY 1 2 3 4 Phase ... Modulus of Rubblized PCCP Ultrasonic Surface Wave ... Distribution of Modulus for Individual Projects

Assessment of Modulus of Rubblized PCCP Using Surface Wave TestingPCCP Using Surface Wave Testing

Nenad GucunskiCivil and Environmental Engineering

Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation (CAIT)

47th Annual Mid-Atlantic Quality Assurance WorkshopAtlantic City, NJ - February 5, 2014

Modulus of Rubblized PCCP

Route I-78 Essex and Union CountiesRoute I-78 Essex and Union Counties

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Modulus of Rubblized PCCP Route I-78 Essex and Union Counties

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Modulus of Rubblized PCCP Route I-78 Essex and Union Counties

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Rehabilitation of PCC PavementsPrevailing strategy in NJ has been hot mix• Prevailing strategy in NJ has been hot mix asphalt (HMA) overlays => Reflective cracking

• Alternatives to HMA overlays• Alternatives to HMA overlays– Crack and seat and overlay

Break and seat and overlay– Break and seat and overlay– Rubblization with HMA overlay

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OutlineOutline• Objectives and benefits of rubblizationj• Typically used rubblization procedures

– Multi-head breaker (MHB)( )– Resonant-frequency breaker (RFB)

• Evaluation of rubblized PCCP modulus by surface waves

• Moduli comparisons for rubblized PCCP and other base materials

• Conclusions

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Obj i f R bbli iObjective of Rubblization

T li i t fl ti ki i th HMA• To eliminate reflective cracking in the HMA overlay by the total destruction of the existing slab actionslab action– Slab is reduced to small pieces and

diminished to a high strength granular basediminished to a high-strength granular base– Restoration of structural capacity is

accomplished with an HMA overlayaccomplished with an HMA overlay

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Why Rubblization?Rubblization is a viable rapid and cost effective• Rubblization is a viable, rapid, and cost-effective rehabilitation method for deteriorated PCC pavementspavements

• Rubblization is cost effective when the amount of patching exceeds approximately 10 percent ofof patching exceeds approximately 10 percent of the project area (NJ)

• Lower risk to the owner and/or contractor– Reduced subgrade exposure to moisture damage

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Wh R bbli ti ?Why Rubblization?• Rubblization saves timeRubblization saves time

– Typical rubblization process recycles 1 lane mile per day, with no material hauling

– 4X faster than breaking, excavating, hauling and placing DGA using traditional methods

R bbli ti• Rubblization saves money– Approximately 50% cost savings compared to

reconstruction with PCCreconstruction with PCC– Approximately 33% cost saving compared to

reconstruction with HMA

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Why Rubblization?• Environmental Benefits• Environmental Benefits

– Water Consumption: 41% Reduction– Energy Consumption: 44% Reductiongy p– CO2 Emissions: 43% Reduction– NOx Emissions: 26% Reduction– PM10 Emissions: 48% Reduction– SO2 Emissions: 40% Reduction– CO Emissions: 38% Reduction

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source: RMRC case study of a NHDOT project


Rubblization Procedures (Equipment)Two types of equipment typically used:Two types of equipment typically used:1. Multi-head breaker (MHB)

R bbli ti th h d f lti l h• Rubblization through drops of multiple hammers on the slab

2 Resonant frequency breaker (RFB)2. Resonant frequency breaker (RFB)• Rubblization through application of high (resonant)

frequency energy to the slab through a shoe

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M lti H d B k (MHB)Multi-Head Breaker (MHB)

• A self propelled unit with multiple drop• A self-propelled unit with multiple drop-hammers mounted at the rear of the machine.

• Hammers are set in two rows and strike the• Hammers are set in two rows, and strike the pavement approximately every 5 in.

• 1000 to 1500 lb hammers have variable drop1000 to 1500 lb hammers have variable drop heights and variable cycling speeds.

• Can break pavement up to 13 ft wide in aCan break pavement up to 13 ft wide in a single pass.

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M lti H d B k (MHB)Multi-Head Breaker (MHB)

• Production level is approximately 1 lane mile• Production level is approximately 1 lane-mile per day.

• Z pattern steel grid roller a vibratory roller• Z-pattern steel grid roller, a vibratory roller with a grid pattern, must be used in conjunction with the MHB to complete theconjunction with the MHB to complete the breaking process.

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Modulus of Rubblized PCCP I-78 MP 57

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Modulus of Rubblized PCCP I-78 MP 54

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CAIT-ICMP 16I-80 Rubblization


Rubblized PCCP – I-78Rubblized PCCP I 78

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Rubblized PCCP – I-78Rubblized PCCP I 78

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Modulus of Rubblized PCCP Rubblized PCCP - Route I-78

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Modulus of Rubblized PCCP Rubblized and Z-Roller Compacted PCCP I 78PCCP – I-78

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Rubblized and Compacted PCCP – I-78

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Modulus of Rubblized PCCP Cross Section of Rubblized PCCPI 78I-78

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Modulus of Rubblized PCCP Cross Section of Rubblized PCCP – I-78

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AC Overlaid

Rubblized PCCP with HMA Overlay

AC Overlaid

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Resonant Pavement Breaker (RPB)• High frequency vibrations induce high tensionHigh frequency vibrations induce high tension

in the top of the slab causing the slab to fracture along a number of shear planes.

• Breaking pattern is approximately 8 inches wide, and requires 18 to 20 passes to break a 12 foot wide lane12 foot wide lane.

• Resonant breaker hinders traffic flow because the machine encroaches 3 to 5 feet on the adjacent lane when rubblizing the centerline.

• 20,000 lb wheel load and 40,000 to 60,000 lb eight can damage r bbli ed pa ement

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weight can damage rubblized pavement.

Modulus of Rubblized PCCP I – 295 Rubblization

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Modulus of Rubblized PCCP Surface of I-295 after Rubblization with RPB

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Questions Related to RPCCP ModulusQuestions Related to RPCCP Modulus

• What value of the modulus should be used in• What value of the modulus should be used in the (mechanistic-empirical) pavement design?

• How the modulus compares to moduli of• How the modulus compares to moduli of traditional base materials, especially of dense graded aggregate base?g gg g

• What are the means to measure it?

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SASW MethodSASW MethodCoherence h

Phase

Wav

elen

gth

Dep

thDISPERSIONCURVE

SHEARMODULUS

PROFILE

IMPACTSOURCE RECEIVER

ARRAY

1 2 3 4

Phase velocity Shear modulus

1 2 3 4

4S2SSS

DISPLACEMENT DISTRIBUTION FOR A SINGLE FREQUENCY COMPONENT

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Ultrasonic Surface Wave MethodUltrasonic Surface Wave MethodCoherence th

Phase

Wav

elen

gt

Dep

thDISPERSIONCURVE

YOUNG'SMODULUS

PROFILE

IMPACTSOURCE

RECEIVERS1 2

Phase velocity Young's modulus

Wavelength consideredless than layer thickness1 2

SS

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PSPA E l ti f RPCCP M d lPSPA Evaluation of RPCCP Modulus

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Dispersion Curve and ModulusDispersion Curve and Modulus

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PSPA Reanalysis (RPCCP)PSPA Reanalysis (RPCCP)

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PSPA Reanalysis (RPCCP)PSPA Reanalysis (RPCCP)

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RPCCP’s Modulus I 78RPCCP’s Modulus – I-78 30003000

2000

2500

a) 2000

2500

a)

1500

000

dulu

s (M

Pa

Average rubblized PCCP I-781500

000

dulu

s (M

Pa

Average rubblized PCCP I-78

500

1000Mod

500

1000Mod

0

500

5442 5444 5446 5448 5450 5452 5454 5456 5458 5460 5462

Typical dense aggregate (DGA) base

0

500

5442 5444 5446 5448 5450 5452 5454 5456 5458 5460 5462

Typical dense aggregate (DGA) base

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5442 5444 5446 5448 5450 5452 5454 5456 5458 5460 5462

Station5442 5444 5446 5448 5450 5452 5454 5456 5458 5460 5462

Station

Modulus of Rubblized PCCP Cross Section of Rubblized PCCP

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RPCCP’ M d l I 295RPCCP’s Modulus – I-2952500

Lane 1

2000Lane 3

1500

ulus

(MPa

)

500

1000

Mod

0

500

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

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0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Station


Modulus Distribution for Individual SectionsModulus Distribution for Individual Sections

Distribution of Modulus for Individual Projects Test Sections

35.040.045.050.0

[%]

10.015.020.025.030.0

Freq

uency [

0.05.010.0

<300

01‐600

01‐900

1‐12

00

1‐18

00

1‐24

00

1‐30

00

>300

0

30 60 901

120

180

240

Range of Modulus [MPa]

I‐78 I‐296(MP 17)Lanes 1 & 3 I‐295 (MP 54)

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I 78 I 296(MP 17)Lanes 1 & 3 I 295 (MP 54)


Modulus of Various Base MaterialsModulus of Various Base MaterialsType of Base Material Modulus of Elasticity in MPa

G l b 220 950Granular base 220-950

Sandy gravel base 170-230

Limestone base 210-3450

Lime stabilized limestone base 8250-9250

Cement stabilized limestone base 17200-23400

Sandy base 28-48 (4-7)

Rubblized PCCP – surface waves (this study) 331-2740

Rubblized PCCP – FWD (Gulen 2001) 480

Rubblized PCCP – FWD (Thompson 1999) 390-1450 ( p )

Rubblized PCCP – FWD (Galal 1999) 620-2400

Rubblized PCCP – FWD (Scullion 2006) 830-11450

Rubblized PCCP FWD (Crovetti 2006) 1380

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Rubblized PCCP – FWD (Crovetti 2006) 1380

Rubblized PCCP – FWD (Von Quintus 2007) 240-820 43


C l iConclusions• Elastic modulus of rubblized PCCP can be

efficiently evaluated using seismic testing.• Modulus is evaluated from the average g

velocity of surface waves (USW method).• Seismic modulus is a low strain modulus,

reductions should be made to describe it as resilient modulus.

• Modulus of RPCCP is higher than modulus of typical granular bases, but lower than modulus of lime or cement stabilized bases

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of lime or cement stabilized bases.


C l iConclusions

• Modulus of rubblized PCCP varied between• Modulus of rubblized PCCP varied between 550 and 2800 MPa (80 and 400 ksi), with an average value between 1030 and 1500 MPa g(150 and 217 ksi) for all sections tested.

• Other studies based on FWD evaluation of paved RPCC suggest a modulus between 240 and 11500 MPa (35-1660 ksi).

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Thank You!!

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Documents

Modulus of Rubblized Concrete-Mid-Atlantic QA · PDF fileARRAY 1 2 3 4 Phase ... Modulus of Rubblized PCCP Ultrasonic Surface Wave ... Distribution of Modulus for Individual Projects