MOEF Statement on Activities and Achievements in 2013

BRIEF STATEMENT ON ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS

2013

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT & FORESTS GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

BRIEF STATEMENT ON ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS

2013

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT & FORESTS GOVERNMENT OF INDIA (http://www.moef.gov.in) (http://www.envfor.nic.in)

CONTENTS

I. Role, Functions and Mandate of the Ministry ........................................ 1

II. Natural Resources Survey and Exploration ......................................... 5

III. Conservation ....................................................................................................13

IV. Environmental Impact Assessment ...........................................................31

V. Abatement of Pollution .................................................................................34

VI. Conservation of Water Bodies ....................................................................45

VII. Regeneration and Eco-development .........................................................47

VIII. Research ............................................................................................................50

IX. Education and Awareness ............................................................................62

X. Centres of Excellence .....................................................................................67

XI. Fellowships and Awards ...............................................................................69

XII. Environmental Information ........................................................................72

XIII. Legislation and Institutional Support ......................................................74

XIV. Sustainable Development and Climate Change ....................................75

XV. International Cooperation ...........................................................................78

XVI. Administration and Civil Construction ...................................................78

XVII. Plan Coordination and Budget ...................................................................82

Activities and Achievements

1

I. Role, Functions and Mandate of the Ministry

1.1. Role and Functions

The Ministry of Environment & Forests is the nodal agency in the Central Government for planning, promoting, co-ordinating and overseeing environmental, ecological, forestry and wildlife policies and programmes.

The Ministry is also the nodal agency for the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), South Asia Co-operative Environment Programme (SACEP), International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), and United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED). On matters pertaining to the environment, it coordinates with multilateral bodies such as the Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) and Global Environment Facility (GEF) and regional bodies such as the Economic and Social Council for Asia and Pacific (ESCAP) and South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC).

The institutional set up of the Ministry includes a number of Directorates and Divisions assembled around the main thematic sectors of environment and ecology, national river conservation, forestry and wildlife, afforestation and eco-development, and animal welfare. There are six Regional Offices; eight Subordinate Offices (e.g. Botanical, Zoological and Forests Surveys of India, and Directorate of Forestry Education); Boards and Authorities (e.g. Central Pollution Control Board, National Biodiversity Authority, National Ganga River Basin Authority, National Tiger Conservation Authority, Central Zoo Authority and Animal Welfare Board of India); Autonomous Institutions (e.g. Society for Integrated Coastal Management, Indian Council for Forestry Research and Education and Wildlife Institute of India); and one Public Sector Undertaking, namely, the Andaman & Nicobar Islands Forest Plantation Development Corporation Ltd. at Port Blair.

Its main activities include conservation and survey of natural resources including flora, fauna, forests, wildlife, aquatic bodies and water resources, and eco-systems, prevention and control of pollution and management of hazardous substances, protection of the environment and forests, including their biodiversity, mitigation and adaptation to climate change through measures that include afforestation, regeneration of degraded areas, and adoption of cleaner technologies, and promoting sustainable development and better environmental governance while protecting human, plant and animal life, health and welfare.

1.2. Mandate

As per Allocation of Business Rules, the Ministry is responsible for the following:

(1) Environment and ecology, including environment in coastal waters, in mangroves and coral reefs but excluding marine environment on the high seas.

(2) Environment research and development, education, training, information and awareness.

(3) Environmental health. (4) Environmental Impact Assessment. (5) Forest Development Agency and Joint Forest Management Programme for

conservation, management and afforestation. (6) Survey and exploration of natural resources particularly of forest, flora, fauna,

ecosystems etc. (7) Biodiversity Conservation, including that of lakes and wetlands. (8) Conservation, development, management and abatement of pollution of rivers

Ministry of Environment & Forests

2

which shall include National River Conservation Directorate. (9) Wildlife conservation, preservation, protection planning, research, education,

training and awareness including Project Tiger and Project Elephant. (10) International cooperation on issues concerning environment, forestry,and

wildlife. (11) Botanical Survey of India and Botanical Gardens. (12) Zoological Survey of India. (13) National Museum of Natural History. (14) Biosphere Reserve Programme. (15) National Forest Policy and Forestry Development in the country, including

Social Forestry. (16) All matters relating to Forest and Forest Administration in the Union

Territories. (17) Indian Forest Service. (18) Wildlife preservation and protection of wild birds and animals. (19) Fundamental and applied research and training including higher education in

forestry. (20) Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park. (21) National Assistance to Forestry Development Schemes. (22) Indian Plywood Industries Research and Training Institute, Bengaluru. (23) Afforestation and Eco-Development which shall include National Afforestation

and Eco-Development Board. (23A) Bio-fuel plantations in forest, wastelands and environmental issues concerning

bio-fuels. (24) Desert and Desertification. (25) Forest Survey of India. (26) Indian Institute of Biodiversity, Itanagar. (27) Central Pollution Control Board. (28) G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment & Development. (29) Wildlife Institute of India and Indian Board for Wildlife. (30) Indian Institute of Forest Management. (31) Central Zoo Authority including National Zoo Park. (32) Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education. (33) Andaman & Nicobar Islands Forest and Plantation Development Corp. Ltd. (34) Prevention of cruelty to animals. (35) Matters relating to pounds and cattle trespass. (36) Gaushalas and Gausadans. (37) The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960 (59 of 1960). (38) The National Environment Tribunal Act, 1995 (27 of 1995). (39) The National Environment Appellate Authority Act, 1997 (22 of 1997). (40) The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 (6 of 1974). (41) The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977 (36 of 1977). (42) The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 (14 of 1981). (43) The Indian Forest Act, 1927 (16 of 1927). (44) The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 (53 of 1972) (45) The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 (69 of 1980). (46) The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986). (47) The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 (6 of 1991).

Its responsibilities include overall policy in relation to forests, except all matters including legislation, relating to rights of forest dwelling Schedule Tribes on forest lands.


3

The main tools used to discharge its mandate include, inter alia, conducting surveys; collecting, compiling and disseminating data and information; undertaking scientific research, extension services and analyses; carrying out impact assessment of developmental projects and programmes; regulating use of natural resources; undertaking regeneration programmes; providing technical, scientific, financial and administrative support to organisations and institutions; imparting education, training, building capacity and generating awareness among stakeholders and the public at large; and promoting international cooperation through bilateral, regional and multilateral initiatives in environment and ecology.

1.3. Vision, Mission and Goals

In the Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-17) document, the vision for the Ministry has been stated as Managing environment, forests, wildlife and challenges due to climate change for faster and equitable growth, where ecological security for sustainability and inclusiveness is restored, equity in access to all environmental goods and ecosystem services is assured through institutionalization of peoples participation; and a future in which the nation takes pride in the quality of its environment, forests, richness of its biodiversity, and efforts by the State and its people to protect, expand and enrich it, for intra and inter-generational equity and welfare of the local and global community.

The primary objectives are implementation of policies and programmes relating to conservation of the countrys natural resources including lakes and rivers, bio-diversity, forests and wildlife, ensuring welfare of animals and prevention and abatement of pollution. The objectives are supported by necessary policy framework and legislative and regulatory measures aiming at preservation, conservation and protection of environment. Some of these are the National Forest Policy 1988, National Conservation Strategy and Policy Statement on Environment and Development, 1992, Policy Statement on Abatement of Pollution, 1992, and National Environment Policy 2006 and associated legislation, including the Forests (Conservation) Act, 1980, Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991, National Environment Tribunal Act, 1995, National Environment Appellate Authority Act, 1997, Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 2001, Bio-Diversity Act 2002 and National Green Tribunal Act, 2010.

Ministry has formulated various regulatory instruments (environmental standards, consent administration, authorization, environmental and forestry clearances etc.) and created institutional infrastructure at the National, regional, and State level in the form of Regional Offices of the Ministry, CPCB, State Pollution Control Boards/ Pollution Control Committees, State Departments of Environment and Forest, and various environmental research institutions/ organizations etc. The Ministry has also launched several Plan schemes to strengthen the regulatory mechanism for environmental management.

Towards programmatic strategies for environment and forestry sectors, it lays emphasis on improving forest cover, preserving wetlands, treatment of municipal solid waste and urban sewage, restoration of mining areas, community involvement in forest management, protection and preservation of biodiversity and wildlife and community rights and appropriate pricing of minor forest produce and addressing the challenges involved in mitigation and adaptation actions under climate change. The Twelfth Plan has identified 13 monitorable socio-economic targets for the Ministry and 14 goals which should receive special attention as in Box 1 and Box 2 respectively below.


4

Box 1: MONITORABLE SOCIO-ECONOMIC TARGETS

Environment and Climate Change (1) Assess and remediate 12 identified contaminated sites (hazardous chemicals and wastes) with potential for

ground water contamination by 2017. (2) Clean 80% of critically polluted stretches in rivers by 2017 and 100% by 2020. (3) States to meet National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) in urban areas by 2017. (4) Reduce emission intensity of GDP in line with target of 20-25% reduction over 2005 levels by 2020.

Forests and Livelihood (5) Greening 5 mha. under Green India Mission including 1.5 mha. of degraded lands, afforestation and eco-

restoration of 0.9 mha. of ecologically sensitive areas. (6) Technology-based monitoring of forest cover, biodiversity and growing stock including change-monitoring

on periodical basis through dedicated satellite by 2017; establishment of open web-based National Forestry & Environmental Information system for research and public accessibility by 2015.

(7) Engagement of Village Green Guards/ Community Foresters for every Joint Forest Management (JFM) village by 2016.

(8) Establish forestry seed bank in forest circles and Model Nursery in every district with information on public portal by 2014.

Wildlife, Ecotourism and Animal Welfare (9) 20% of veterinary professionals in the country will be trained in treating wildlife. (10) Integrated Ecotourism District Plans covering 10% of all potential Protected Areas (PAs) by 2017. (11) Promote participation of private sector, civil societies, NGOs and philanthropists in animal welfare.

Ecosystem and Biodiversity (12) Restore 0.1 mha. of wetlands/ inland lakes/ water bodies by 2017. (13) Map and prepare biodiversity management plans for deserts, coastal areas, important coral zones, wetlands,

mangroves and so on to be completed by 2017.

Box 2: GOALS

Environment (1) Epidemiological studies to assess improvement in health status due to better management of environment

and ecology. (2) Promotion and adoption of cleaner technology, strengthening and initiation of reforms in regulations, policy

making and enforcement institutions for environmental governance. (3) Move towards cumulative and strategic EIA. (4) Ensure ecological flows in rivers by regulating abstractions to allow conservation of riverine eco-systems

by developing a legal framework and management strategy for conservation of river basins. (5) Promote recycling and reuse of treated sewage in urban projects such as sanitation, landscaping, central air

conditioning and so on.

Forests and Livelihood (6) Improve forest productivity, production and sustainable management of biodiversity (equity in access to

benefit sharing with local people). (7) Restoration and intensification of forest-rangelands/ grazing-land management and establish community

grazing land around forest fringe villages. (8) Build capacity of Village Forest Committees/ JFMCs for management of forest resources incl. ecotourism. (9) Revive seed orchards and silviculture plots for various forest types of the country as well as for enlisted

species under Minor Forest Produce (MFP)/ Non-Timber Forest Produce (NTFP) including genetic improvement of and establishment of clonal orchards.

Wildlife, Ecotourism and Animal Welfare (10) Reducing and managing human-wildlife conflict. (11) Commercialise permissible marine products rich in poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), vitamins, etc. (12) Promotion of ecotourism and participatory eco-development support livelihood of local population.

Ecosystem and Biodiversity (13) Develop national targets and indicators related to biodiversity and support actions to strengthen

implementation of Biological Diversity Act, 2002 and ensure bio-safety for economic and social development of local communities.

(14) Assess coastal biodiversity resources, ensure sustainable management, restoration of mangroves, coral reefs and wetlands and support livelihood.


5

II. Natural Resources Survey and Exploration

2.1. Survey of Flora

Botanical Survey of India (BSI) BSI is the Ministrys apex research organization for carrying out taxonomic and

floristic studies on wild plant resources of the country. Established on 13th February 1890 with the objective of exploring the plant resources and identifying the plants species with economic virtues, it was reorganised in 1954 (after independence)for scientific development. During successive Plan periods, its functional base was expanded to include inventorying,multiplication and maintenance of endemic, rare and threatened plant species, wild ornamentals, etc. in Botanic Gardens and Orchidaria; evolving conservation strategies; carrying out studies on fragile ecosystems and PAs (like wildlife sanctuaries, national parks and biosphere reserves); documenting traditional knowledge associated with plants; and developing a National Database of herbarium specimens/live collections/botanical paintings/illustrations/ plant distribution,nomenclature and uses, etc.

Progress/Achievements: (a) Survey and exploration activities towards collection, preservation,

identification and incorporation of the plant specimens in the herbaria under 105 projects carried out in the current financial year so far resulted in collection of ca 9,541 (incl. 1,976 of non-flowering plants) specimens, out of which ca 8,204 specimens were identified into ca 4,201 species, subspecies and varieties. This resulted into the discovery of 28 species and 01 variety as new to science; 39 species and 01 subspecies as new to India and 122 new distributional records for different geographic regions/ States. The specific activities were as follows:

- 75 field tours for collection of plant specimens/materials for floristic, ethnobotanical and pharmacognostical studies on flowering and non-flowering plants, including three biodiversity hotspots (Himalayas, Indo-Burma and Western Ghats-Sri Lanka). These include 26 PAs and 07 Sacred Groves.

- 09 tours for collections of live germplasm:(i) Western Himalayas; (ii)Eastern Himalayas; (iii) NorthEast India; (iv)Arid/ Semi Arid;(v)Gangetic Plains;(vi)Deccan Peninsula;(vii)Western Ghats;(viii)Coastal Region;and (ix)Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

- 25 herbarium consultation/study tours for identification of critical specimens conducted in different Herbaria, within and outside BSI.

(b) Documentation of phytodiversity towards inventorisation of the collected plant specimens at National/ Regional/ State/ District/ Ecosystem levels covered taxonomic descriptions for: - 1,201 taxa of flowering plants (Landfall Island:Andaman & Nicobar

Islands; Lohit, Kameng, Lower Dibang Valley districts:Arunachal Pradesh; Impatiens:Arunachal Pradesh; Upper Ganga Ramsar site; Bihar; Jharkhand; Chhattisgarh; Wetland flora of Bihar:from Buxar to Katihar; Grasses and bamboos of Eastern India; Flora of Grasses of Odisha; Gesneriaceae of NE India; Flora of Uttarakhand, Vols. 2, 3 & 4; Flora of Sikkim, Vol. 2; Endemic Orchids of Maharashtra); and


6

- 172 taxa of non flowering plants towards Algal flora:Jharkhand; Liverworts and Hornworts: Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh (Anjaw and West Siang districts); Mosses:Darjeeling district; Lichens:Rajasthan, Kutch and Gujarat; Wild Mushrooms:North Sikkim; Wood-Rotting Fungi:Rajmahal Hills and Koderma WLS; Pteridophytic Flora:Sikkim and Maharashtra.

- The manuscripts of (i) Flora of West Bengal, Vol. II; and (ii) Flora of UP, Vol. III were submitted for publication.

(c) Documentation of traditional knowledge of plants was carried out for various ethno-botanical (healthcare, food, oil, fuel wood, timber, fodder and forage), socio-religious, rope-making, agricultural implements, biofencing, insecticide/ pesticide, piscicide, gum, beverages, musical instruments, and other uses associated with plants from Dang district (Gujarat) and Balasore and Koraput districts (Odisha). Manuscript Traditional knowledge associated with plants of Junagarh district, Gujarat, comprising 241 species, is under finalisation.

(d) Development of Indian Virtual Herbarium (IVH) and Digital Herbarium (DH): 7,507 herbarium specimens were bar-coded and digitized.

(e) Ex situ conservation and maintenance of live germplasm of RET and economically important species: About 3,027 saplings, seeds, propagules belonging to 432 species of rare, threatened, endemic and economic plant species, including wild relatives of cultivated plants, aquatic plants, orchids, palms, canes, bamboos, ferns and fern-allies, etc., were collected for introduction in AJC Bose Indian Botanic Garden (Howrah) and associated Botanic Gardens of different Regional Centres.

(f) Publications: For dissemination of information on Indian plant diversity, 11 books and 03 periodicals were published by BSI. BSI scientists also published, 149 research papers in peer-reviewed journals, 03 book chapters, and communicated 72 research papers for publication. 51 popular Hindi articles were also published.

2.2. Survey of Fauna

Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) ZSI was established on 1st July 1916 primarily to explore and inventorise the faunal

resources (diversity) of the country and to collect and document the baseline data with regard to taxonomy, distribution, bio-ecology, traditional knowledge associated with fauna, etc., of all available animal groups. During the last over 96 years, it has grown from a small unit at the Indian Museum, Kolkata, to a premier National institution with Headquarters at Kolkata and 16 Regional Centers country-wide. 11 Regional Museums have been established, besides two Marine Aquaria, which are being further developed during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan through addition of regional fauna and by establishing galleries, showing the importance of animal life and their conservation. 02 Regional museums in Gangetic Plain Regional Centre, Patna and Sunderban Regional Centre, Canning are being initiated during this Plan period.

Over the recent years, functions of ZSI have also expanded gradually encompassing areas like Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) with regard to fauna; survey of Conservation Areas; Status Survey of Endangered Species; Computerization of data on faunal resources; Environmental Information System (ENVIS) on faunal diversity, etc. It also has a regular training and extension service for creating public awareness for the conservation of


7

environment and wildlife through exhibitions, training programmes and interaction with governments and NGO organizations, as well as universities, colleges and schools.

ZSI is the Custodian of the National Zoological Collections which comprise more than two million specimens belonging to about 82,000 species, including about 10,000 species of neighboring countries like Bangladesh, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Thailand.

The main objectives and functions of ZSI are:

(a) Exploration, survey, inventorisation, and monitoring of faunal diversity in various States, select ecosystems and PAs of India.

(b) Taxonomic studies of all faunal components collected. (c) Status survey of Threatened and Endemic species. (d) Preparation of Red Data Book, Fauna of India and Fauna of States. (e) Bio-ecological studies on some important communities/ species. (f) Preparation of database for the recorded species of the country. (g) Maintenance and development of National Zoological Collections. (h) Training, capacity building and human resource development. (i) Faunal identification, advisory services and library services. (j) Publication of results, including Fauna of India and Fauna of States. Its other objectives and functions are: (a) GIS and Remote Sensing studies for recorded animal diversity as well as for

selected threatened species. (b) Chromosomal Mapping and DNA finger-printing. (c) Environmental Impact Studies. (d) Maintenance of Museums at Headquarters and Regional Stations (e) Development of ENVIS and CITES Centers. (f) Research Fellowship, Associateship and Emeritus Scientists Programme. (g) Collaborative research programmes on biodiversity with other organizations. Progress/ Achievements: (a) 90 extensive surveys were undertaken, across various States, Biosphere

Reserve and National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, and as a part of the State Fauna Programme.

(b) Identification of 1,100 species was completed. (c) 21 publications, including pictoral handbooks, have already been brought out. (d) Fauna of important ecosystems were studied and determined. (e) Rendered identification and advisory services free of cost to research and

teaching institutions in India and abroad, Central and State Governments/Agencies, NGOs, industries and also individuals on zoological matters.

(f) Acted as a National repository of Zoological collections and maintained identified species belongs to all animal groups in the country.

2.3. Forest Survey of India (FSI)

FSI, a national level organization for forest resource assessment of the country under the Ministry, succeeded (in June 1981) the "Pre-Investment Survey of Forest Resources" (PISFR), which was a project initiated in 1965 by Government of India with sponsorship of the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and the United Nations Development


8

Programme (UNDP). The mandate of FSI was revised in 1986 in order to make it more relevant to the rapidly changing needs and aspirations of the country.

Major activities of FSI are Forest and Tree Cover Assessment and Estimation of Growing Stock of Wood within and outside the countrys forests. So far since 1987, with the release of the India State of Forest Report 2011, 12 cycles of forest cover assessment have been completed. In addition to forest cover, assessment of tree cover of the country is also being carried out using the TOF inventory data. More than 80% forest area stood inventoried by 2000.A new inventory design was adopted since 2002 to generate national level estimates of growing stock both for forest and TOF resources on a two-year cycle on the basis of selected sampled districts. This estimate is further improved in the subsequent cycle with the increase in the numbers of sampled districts enabling progressive improvement in estimation with each cycle.FSI also provides training to State Forest Departments personnel in application of Remote Sensing and GIS in forest resource assessment. In 2013-14, about3,500 forestry personnel have been trained, besides another 500 forestry personnel at various outreach customized training courses for them. It is also working on various projects assigned by Government of India some of which are as follows:

(a) National Forest Type Mapping (b) Monitoring of Area Coverage and Survival Percentage of Plantations/

Afforestation under National Afforestation Programme (NAP) (c) Mapping of change in land use in Aravalli Hills of Haryana (d) Assessment of Coral Reefs in India (e) Near real-time monitoring of active Forest Fires (MODIS Web Fire Mapper) (f) Analysis of eligibility of lands for afforestation and re-afforestation projects

under Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) (g) Assessment of Mangroves in India (h) Coastal Zone Studies project

2.4. Network of Regional Offices

The Ministry has six Regional Offices located at Bengaluru, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar, Chandigarh, Lucknow, and Shillong, with Headquarter in the Ministry at New Delhi. Their primary function is to monitor and evaluate the ongoing forestry projects and schemes with specific emphasis on conservation of forests and follow up action on implementation of the conditions and safeguards laid down while granting clearance to development projects under Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 and Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (EPA).

(a) Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 related functions include: (i) Assisting States/ Union Territories in preparation of proposals

involving diversion of forests land for non-forestry purposes for expeditious processing and disposal of such cases;

(ii) Undertaking physical inspection of site in cases of diversion of forests land involving an area of over 100 ha, and as required in other cases.

(iii) Monitoring the implementation of conditions and safeguards stipulated by Central Government in the approval.

(iv) Approval of diversion of forest land to the extent of 5 ha (except mining and regularization of encroachment) and to process cases between 5 ha to 40 ha (and mining and regularization of encroachment cases) in consultation with the State Advisory Groups;

(v) Uploading on the websites the Stage-I (In-principle), Stage-II (Final) approvals, the site inspection/monitoring reports, Agenda and Minutes


9

of the SAG meetings held. (b) Assisting States/ UTs in the preparation of management/ working plans for

working of forests under their control within the framework of guidelines issued by Central Government from time to time, and monitoring their implementation.

(c) Monitoring and evaluating all ongoing forestry development projects and schemes with specific emphasis on conservation of forests, including the utilization of CAMPA funds.

(d) Environmental Management and Pollution Control functions include: (i) Follow up on implementation of conditions and safeguards laid down

for projects/activities when environmental clearance is given, including taking action on the basis of analyses of the Six Monthly Progress reports from the Project proponents;

(ii) Carrying out surprise and random checks/verifications of EC conditions of various projects and conducting enquiries;

(iii) Follow up on pollution control measures taken by industries local bodies, Government (State/Centre);

(iv) Collecting information relating to EIA of projects, pollution control measures, methodology and status, legal and enforcement measures, environmental protection for special conservation areas like wetlands, mangroves and biosphere reserves;

(v) Maintaining liaison/ linkage with the State Government concerned, Central Government agencies (including Regional Offices of BSI, ZSI and FSI),Project authorities, Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)/ State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs), andNGOs involved in implementation of programmes relating to environment; and

(vi) Organising workshops for SPCBs/ State Department on the application of Hazardous Management Rules and Public Liability Act.

(e) Miscellaneous functions include verification of nominees for the annual Indira Gandhi Paryavaran Puruskar and other Awards of the Ministry:

In pursuance of the Hon'ble Supreme Court of Indias Order dated 6th July 2011, delivered its final judgment in LA. No. 1868 of 2007 filed by Lafarge Umiam Mining Pvt. Ltd and other related LAs in Writ Petition No. 202 of 1995 in the matter of T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad versus Union of India & Others, and the decisions of the Expenditure Finance Committee at its meeting held on 4th March 2013 to strengthen and expand the Regional Offices, preparatory activities were undertaken towards establishing four new Regional Offices at Chennai, Dehradun, Nagpur and Ranchi with effect from 01.04.2014.

2.5. National Forest Information System (NFIS)

The NFIS is envisaged to collate and disseminate information from autonomous sources in support of sustainable forest management through a set of conventions for shared information management by independent parties as network nodes via web-enabled interactive GIS support system, made accessible through FSI Geoportal. Its main objectives are to provide ready access to the most current, consistent and reliable forest resources information on spatial and non-spatial data base on forest cover and forest types and other forestry layers of the country collected through satellite imageries, GIS and ground surveys.

The types of information covered include forest growth and classification in the


10

country over a time line, health and assessment of forests for varied stress factors and climate monitoring and carbon sequestration in forests. The Decision Support System (a subset of NFIS), under preparatory stage presently, will provide information of forest cover, forest type and biodiversity richness of recorded forests of the country. It will also provide information about PAs, including corridors, for all the States of the country. After developing the methodology and scheme, FSI conducted four regional meetings with participation of 30 States/ UTs, who have also conveyed in-principle agreement for the development of NFIS.

NFIS is to prepare a blueprint towards the development of a comprehensive National Forestry Database Management System (NFDMS) to effectively monitor various programmes, develop an appropriate forest database and network with the State/ UT Forest Departments. Its purpose is to assist in planning, implementation and real-time monitoring of various schemes and to serve as an effective administrative tool for transparency, aiding in socially inclusive and responsive public service. It will also be useful for validation and dissemination of forestry statistics required for satisfying the national and international commitments. The architecture of NFIS will be compatible with organizational and management needs and will be flexible enough to allow for the incorporation of improved corrective processes, new data, and new technologies.

2.6. Forest Certification of Timber, Non-Timber Forest Products

Forest Certification has emerged as a voluntary market-driven mechanism in support of Sustainable Forest Management (SFM). The Ministry constituted a National Working Group/ Governing Body to frame the policy guidelines for forest certification for timber and non-timber forest products along with three Committees to prepare a road map and necessary criteria and processes for the development of the National Certification mechanism. These Committees were merged to form the National Forest Certification Committee for the development of Certification Criteria, Certification Process and Accreditation Criteria and Process towards Forest Certification of Timber, Non-Timber Forest Products. In-principle approval has been accorded to setting up the Indian Forest Certification Council. A draft Cabinet Note is under preparation towards obtaining final approval.

2.7. National Coordinated Programme for Assessment of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) Resources

States have varying priorities for NTFPs, which have different economic roles to play in the livelihood and socio-economic amelioration of various communities. Some NTFPs have been nationalized whereas a large number of NTFPs are being allowed to be collected as usufruct rights of the tribal and other communities living inside or in the vicinity of forests. Due to the lack of any authentic data about the available NTFP resources, it is very difficult to formulate any policy regarding prices, establishment of markets and other such mechanism to safeguard the interest of the people who collect and trade them. Moreover, the contribution of NTFPs towards Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has remained unreported. It is therefore, necessary to assess the NTFP resources under a coordinated programme at the national level with the active participation of the States.

Thus, the main objective of this Scheme in the Twelfth Plan is to carry out assessment, monitoring and evaluation studies in the broad areas of forest trade, production and disposal of NTFPs in the country, towards which the following have been identified so far:

(a) Price related issues of NTFPs especially in context of import-export of forestry products and domestic potential.

(b) Survey of the removals of fuel-wood and NTFPs from the forest areas.


11

(c) Survey of removals of head-loads from the forest areas. (d) Feasibility of establishment of regulated timber markets (haats) in select towns

(major timber sale points), etc. (e) Production and consumption studies in forestry sector mainly NTFPs. (f) Socio-economic dimensions of NTFPs for the livelihood and socio-economic

benefit of the people. (g) Identification of number of species being collected, their periodicity and their

marketability.

Although the Planning Commission has suggested that the Ministry of Tribal Affairs should be the nodal and administrative Ministry for operationalizing the Minimum Support Produce (MSP) for Minor Forest Produce, and that the Allocation of Business Rules of that Ministry should be amended to include the subject Minimum Support Price (MSP) for Minor Forest Produce and other related matters, the responsibility for information regarding data related to Minor Forest Produce has been placed with this Ministry, such as for the following:

(a) Regeneration of dwindling Minor Forest Produce Resources (b) Quick assessment of condition of 12-14 important Minor Forest Produce (c) Making available planting material (d) Training on sustainable productivity (e) Management plans and working plans of Minor Forest Produce to be drawn up

in a transparent manner in consultation with Gram Sabhas

During 2013, the Ministry organized the Asia Regional Bamboo and Rattan Workshop (10-13 December, 2013; New Delhi) in collaboration International Network for Bamboo and Rattan (INBAR).Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education (ICFRE), Dehradun,has been assigned the task to submit the proposal covering NTFPs/ Minor Forest Producefor the next cycle of Forestry Sector Report India.

2.8. Export and Import of Forestry Products and their Tariff Structure:

The Ministry deals with the formulation of guidelines and directions for domestic and international trade in forest produce and the necessary regulation of export and import of forest produce as per the Foreign Trade Policy as well as the applied Tariff rates. It also deals with the issue of NOC for grant of export license for export of wood and wood products on applications received through the Directorate General of Foreign Trade, New Delhi.

International Tropical Timber Organisation (ITTO)

The International Tropical Timber Organisation (ITTO), established in 1983 with Headquarter at Yokohama, Japan, and governed by the International Tropical Timber Agreement (ITTA), is a commodity organisation bringing together producer and consumer Member countries to discuss and exchange information and to develop policies on all aspects of the world tropical timber economy. India, as a signatory to ITTA 1994, has ratified and deposited the instrument of ratification for the successor ITTA 2006, with the UN Secretary General in New York on 25th July 2008.Its governing body, the International Tropical Timber Council (ITTC), composed of Member countries, is supported by four Committees:

(a) Committee on Economic Information and Market Intelligence (b) Committee on Reforestation and Forest Management (c) Committee on Forest Industry (d) Committee on Finance and Administration

In 2013-14, from the available funds, the Ministry has released US $ 41,844/- to


12

ITTO, being arrears for annual contribution for Calendar Year 2011, US $ 30,387/- as part payment towards Calendar Year 2012, and US$ 1,69,704/- being full annual contribution for Calendar Year 2013.

International Network for Bamboo and Rattan (INBAR)

The Ministry organised the Asia Regional Bamboo and Rattan Workshop in collaboration with INBAR from 10-13 December 2013 in New Delhi,which was attended by the representatives of the States Forest Department and INBAR Member countries.The workshop provided an opportunity to exchange and disseminate the overall scientific and technical human resource potential for green growth and inclusive development based on Bamboo and Rattan resources in the Asia region. It helped to charter a road map for the bamboo and rattan Sector for the next decades.

2.9. Sustainable Forest Management (SFM)

SFM is of significance due to its contribution towards sustainable development. India remains committed to the goals of SFM and is a signatory to the Objective 2000 of ITTO.

The Ministry had sanctioned the three projects on Criteria and Indicators for SFM to the Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM), Bhopal, the reports for which were received in 2012. In 2013, based on discussions with the Ministry, IIFM has submitted concise reports to the Ministry which are now under examination.

FRI, Dehradun, entrusted with the responsibility to execute a project for revising Working Plan Code by incorporating final Criteria and Indicators for SFM and annexing micro-plan processes for JFM areas and Eco-Development areas, has also submitted its report to the Ministry on Revision of National Working Plan Code. The Report was circulated to all State/UT Forest Departments and Regional Offices of the Ministry, and a National Workshop on Draft Revised National Working Plan Code submitted by FRI was held on 16thMay 2013. On the basis of comments/suggestions received in the Workshop, the Draft Code has been further revised and is under consideration for approval.

2.10. Andaman & Nicobar Islands Forest and Plantation Development Corporation Ltd. (ANIFPDCL)

ANIFPDCL, a Government of India Public Sector Undertaking, was set up in 1977 with the broad objectives of development and managing forestry plantations on the Islands. The Honble Supreme Court of India, vide its Orders dated 10.10.2001 and 07.05.2002, imposed various restrictions on felling and sale of timber from naturally grown trees in Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Since then the obligatory expenses of the Corporation, like payment of salaries, wages etc,are being made using interest bearing loans sanctioned every year by the Government of India since 2003-04. In 2012-13, 11.00 crore was sanctioned and released to ANIFPDCL as an interest bearing loan for the purpose.

For 2013-14, for loan to ANIFPDCL only 1.00 crore has been sanctioned by the Ministry of Finance, which has been released. Towards meeting balance requirements, after approval of the Ministry of Finance the Ministry has sanctionedthe same to ANIFPDCL.

The Ministry had also prepared a draft Cabinet Note onthe revival plan for ANIFPDCL through transfer of its ownership to the Andaman & Nicobar Administration with effect from 1stApril 2014. Andaman & Nicobar Administration,citing theOrders of the Honble Calcutta High Court, has suggested closure of the Corporation. Thedetailed proposal for closure of the Corporation from Andaman & Nicobar Administration is awaited.


13

III. Conservation

3.1. Environmental Conservation

3.1.1. Conservation and Management of Mangroves and Coral Reefs

The National Environment Policy, 2006 recognizes Mangroves and Coral Reefs as an important coastal environmental resource, which provides habitats for marine species, protection from extreme weather events and a resource base for sustainable tourism. It underlines the need to mainstream their sustainable management in the regulatory regime for forestry sector and in the comprehensive approach to Integrated Coastal Zone Management.

(a) Mangroves

India is home to some of the best mangroves in the world. West Bengal has the maximum of mangrove cover in the country followed by Gujarat and Andaman & Nicobar Islands. However, not all coastal areas are suitable for mangrove plantation as mangrove requires an appropriate mix of saline and freshwater, and soft substrate like mudflats to be able to grow and perpetuate. 38 mangrove areas have been identified on a countrywide basis for intensive conservation and management. The Coastal Regulation Zone Notification, 2011, recognizes the mangrove areas as ecologically sensitive and categorizes them as CRZ-I(i), which implies that these areas are accorded protection of the highest order.

FSI has been assessing the mangrove cover using remote sensing since 1987. The current assessment shows that the mangrove cover is 4,662.56 km2 or 0.14% of total geographical area. The very dense mangrove comprises 1,403 km2 (30.10%) and moderately dense mangrove 1,658.12 km2 (35.57%), with open mangroves 1,600.44 km2 (34.33%). Compared with 2009 assessment, there has been a net increase of 23.34 km2 in Indias mangrove cover, attributable to increased plantations, particularly in Gujarat, and regeneration of natural mangrove areas.

The project entitled Mangroves for the Future (MFF): AStrategy for Promoting Investment in Coastal Ecosystem Conservation is being coordinated by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) covering, initially, eight countries(including India since 2006) in South Asia, South East Asia and Western Indian Ocean. It is a partnership-based initiative, involving government agencies, NGOs, research institutes, UN agencies and other multilateral bodies, for promoting investment in coastal ecosystems for sustainable development. To oversee and guide the IUCN-MFF (India) Programme and review, monitor and evaluate its implementation, a National Coordination Body (NCB) has been constituted by the Ministry.

MFF has adopted mangroves as its flagship ecosystem in recognition of the important role that mangrove forests played in reducing the impact of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, and the severe effect on coastal livelihoods caused by the loss and degradation of mangroves. However MFF embraces all coastal ecosystems, including coral reefs, estuaries, lagoons, wetlands, beaches and seagrass beds. This inclusive approach reflects the ecosystem-based, or reef to ridge, management approach.

The second phase (2010-2013) has been underway guided by the National Strategy and Action Plan (NSAP) which is organised into two categories: Conservation Strategy and Action Plan for mangroves and Resotration Strategy and Action Plan for potential and/or degraded mangrove areas, with four priority areas: (i) environmentally sustainable livelihoods to reduce pressure on coastal ecosystems; (ii) plantation of mangroves for creating green


14

belts; (iii) civil society awareness, participation and coastal decision making and sustainable financing; and (iv) improving knowledge gaps.

MFF (India) has also published several knowledge products on Indias coastal and marine diversity. These include Soldiers of our Coast, Towards Conservation and Management of Mangrove Ecosystems in India, and Coral Reefs in India - Status, Threats and Conservation Measures. MFF (India) also produced an educational movie Guardians of the Coast, in partnership with Mr. Mike Pandey (Riverbank Studios), which showcased the fascinating web of life that surrounds these tidal forests, including the regulatory and provisioning services they provide and the livelihoods of local communities that depend on them. A large grant project (USD 299,600/-) of IUCN titled Alternative Livelihood Options for Vulnerable Mangrove Resource Users in the Sunderbans Biosphere Reserve, West Bengal,signed on 16th November, 2011, has been under implementation over the last two years.

As of 1st January 2013, MFF India has initiated its third cycle of small grant projects, with the awarding of 5 projects from a selection of 52 proposals by the NCB, focussing on one or more of the following: (i) promote innovative community based coastal rehabilitation projects; (ii) build community resilience; (iii) build local capacity to implement sustainable development strategies; (iv) create public awareness on environmental issues as integral to the project; (v) address livelihood, income, equality and gender based concerns; (vi) demonstrate potential for replication or scaling-up, and co-financing; and (vii) create an impact on policy at National/ State/ District level, for ICZM.The projects formally commenced in mid-December 2013 and will be carried out over the next 18 months.

Partner Project Center for Environment Education (CEE)

Education for coastal and marine biodiversity conservation through schools

Gujarat Institute for Desert Ecology (GUIDE)

Developing a practicable model through corporate-community participation for successful mangrove restoration activities in Kachchh, Gujarat

Save the Children, India Strengthened capacity of children, communities and local government by better preparedness and mitigation of climate change and disaster risks in Kendrapara district, Odisha

Society for People Education and Economic Development (SPEED)

Participatory community engagement and education for conservation of mangroves in Palk Bay areas of Ramanathapuram district in Tamil Nadu

Suganthi Devadson Marine Research Institute (SDMRI)

Rehabilitation of degraded seagrass areas in Tuticorin coast of Gulf of Mannar, Tamil Nadu to support long term conservation of seagrass habitat

(b) Coral reefs

The Indian reef area is estimated to be 2,375 km2 for encouraging targeted research on both hard and soft corals. Four major coral reefs areas identified for intensive conservation and management are: (i) Gulf of Mannar, (ii) Gulf of Kachchh, (iii) Lakshadweep, and (iv) the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The emphasis is on preventive aspects through monitoring and surveillance as the restoration work is both costly and time consuming.

The Ministry has established a National Coral Reef Research Centre at Port Blair. A two-tier system at National and State level is in operation for effective coordination to implement the Scheme on Mangroves and Coral Reefs. The Ministry provides financial assistance to the State Forest Departments of all the four identified coral reefs areas for


15

activities like monitoring, surveillance, education and awareness. R&D activities with emphasis on targeted research on coral biodiversity and its management, including various aspects of pollution in these areas, is also supported.

3.1.2. Biosphere Reserves

Biosphere Reserves are areas of terrestrial and coastal ecosystems some of which are internationally recognized within the framework of the Man and the Biosphere Programme of UNESCO. These Reserves are required to meet a minimal set of criteria and adhere to a minimal set of conditions before being admitted to the World Network of Biosphere Reserves. The Network is devoted to conserving biological diversity, promoting research and monitoring as well as seeking to provide models of sustainable development in the service of human kind with special reference to the local communities which mostly consist of traditional societies. It is a pioneering effort at pursuing the increasingly difficult yet urgent task of conserving ecological diversity under mounting pressures.

The programme was initiated in 1986 and till date 18 sites have been designated nationally as Biosphere Reserves (BRs). Out of these, so far 09 have been included in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves of UNESCO viz., Nilgiri (Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka), Gulf of Mannar (Tamil Nadu), Sunderban (West Bengal), Nanda Devi, (Uttarakhand), Pachmarhi (Madhya Pradesh), Similipal (Odisha), Nokrek (Meghalaya), Achanakmar-Amarkantak (Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh) and Great Nicobar.

The Ministry through the Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Biosphere Reserve provides 100% financial assistance to the State/UT Government concerned for conservation and management of the designated Biosphere Reserves. The Indian National Man and Biosphere (MAB) Committee is the apex body to oversee the programme, provide policy guidelines and review the programme.

Progress/Achievements

During 2013-14, Management Action Plans (MAPs) submitted by the States/UTsconcerned were scrutinized and sanctioned for implementation of approved items of activities. From 2014-15 onwards, the State/ UT Governments concerned are to submit Comprehensive Management Action Plans of 3-5 years duration along with annual requirements of funds. The services of Space Application Centers could be utilised for keeping track of impact of restoration measures in the core area of the Reserve. Livelihood opportunities generated in the buffer of transition zones must be sustainable. Further, a dynamic linked website for the Biosphere Reserves in the Ministry and at State/ UT level would be developed.

Additional information in respect of Periodic Review 2011 Report of Gulf of Mannar BR, ten years after its inclusion in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves has been conveyed to the MAB Programme, UNESCO, for recommendation of the International Advisory Committee for Biosphere Reserves and thereafter to accept the same by the International Coordination Committee of the MAB Programme, UNESCO.

3.1.3. Biodiversity Conservation

(a) Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

CBD, a key agreement with near universal membership with 193 countries as its Parties, including India, was adopted during the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. It is the first comprehensive global agreement which addresses all aspects relating to


16

biodiversity. It sets out commitments for maintaining the world's ecological underpinnings while pursuing economic development. It reaffirms sovereign rights of nations over their biological resources, and establishes three main goals: the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the use of genetic resources.

The main activities undertaken include the following:

(i) Implementation of obligations arising from various agreements reached and Declarartions of CBD and development of related issues at national and international levels.

(ii) Preparation and putting forth of country position in meetings of CBD and its Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing.

(iii) Implementation of Biological Diversity Act, 2002, through the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA).

(iv) National Biodiversity Action Plan (NBAP): Preparation of national targets within the framework of CBDs Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and Aichi Biodiversity targets.

(v) Undertaking activities for Biodiversity Conservation including bio-safety during Indias Presidency of Conference of Parties-11 (COP-11) by way of: Hosting/ participating in inter-sessional national and international

workshops/ meetings on biodiversity conservation and biosafety. Organizing/ facilitating training/ capacity building programmes for

knowledge-sharing on different aspects of biodiversity conservation and biosafety in India and abroad for national/ regional/ international participants for promoting South-South Cooperation.

Sponsoring training programmes for specific groups such as the least developed countries, which are Parties to the CBD/ CPB.

Publishing/ distributing materials on biodiversity conservation/ biosafety. Any other activity as decided by the President of CoP-11 and CoP-MOP-6

for promoting South-South Cooperation.

Progress/ Achievements

(i) India as the President of CoP-11, chaired the Seventh Trondheim Conference held in Norway from 27- 31 May 2013. The outcomes of the Conference along with a request to expedite ratification of Nagoya Protocol on ABS were transmitted to Ministers in charge of all Member countries.

(ii) India as the President of CoP-11 chaired two meetings of CoP Bureau on 31May and 1 June 2013 (Trondheim) and on 6 October 2013 (Montreal).

(iii) India as the President of CoP-11 worked with the CBD Secretariat and well as directly with various countries through Indian Missions abroad for expediting ratifications of Nagoya Protocol on ABS, so that the Protocol enters into force during Indias Presidency.

(iv) India as the President of CoP-11 chaired the meeting of CBDs Working Group on Article 8j on traditional knowledge from 7-11 October 2013 (Montreal). Contributed USD 90,000/- towards this meeting.

(v) India as the President of CoP-11 contributed USD 10,000/- towards Indias support to International Science Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) for the year 2013.

(vi) Successfully hosted three meetings of CBD in Chennai, viz. (a) Second Meeting of the High Level Panel on Global Assessment of Resources for


17

Implementing Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 from 2-4 December 2013; (b) Second Meeting of the Expert Group on Biodiversity for Poverty Eradication and Development from 4-6 December 2013; and (c) Sub-Regional Capacity Building Workshop for East, South and South East Asia from 3-6 December 2013.

(vii) It has been decided to adopt the logo of CoP-11 as the logo of this Ministry. (viii) Published Hosting of CoP-11: A Pictorial Presentation. (ix) In the run-up to CoP-11, special efforts were made to create awareness and

local capacity building on biodiversity related issues. The brand Ambassador of CoP-11, namely, the Science Express Biodiversity Special (SEBS), a 16 coach train exhibiting Indias biodiversity was flagged off on World Environment Day on 5 June 2012. Travelling across India to cover 57 stations, the train received 2.2 million visitors. This innovative train played an important role in creating mass awareness on biodiversity.

(x) Process is under way for establishment of National Biodiversity Museum, and Garden at Hyderabad on the site where Prime Minister unveiled the commemorative Pylon and planted the first tree on behalf of India. Agreement for preparing Detailed Project Report for the Museum was signed on 27 December 2013.

(xi) Action is underway to prepare national targets in line with the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity for updating the National Biodiversity Action Plan, and for preparation of Indias Fifth National Report to the CBD. Towards this, a zero draft of the document was prepared and discussed in a National Consultation on 30 July 2013. Thereafter a meeting of the Technical Review Committee was held on 27 December 2013.

(b) Biological Diversity Act, 2002

Taking cognizance of CBD, and to address the excessive pressure on biodiversity, the Government of India has enacted Biological Diversity Act, 2002 (BDA 2002). National, State and local level mechanisms have been provided for implementation of the Act. At the national level, National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) was established by Government of India on 1 October 2003 at Chennai (Tamil Nadu) under Section (8) of the Act.

Following their establishment in Bihar, Maharashtra and Jammu & Kashmir, State Biodiversity Boards (SBBs) have now been established by all State Governments.Seventeen States viz. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal have notified the State-specific rules in accordance with the Section 63(1) of the Act.

In accordance with Section 41 and Rules 22, every local body shall constitute a BMC within its area of jurisdiction. The BMC as constituted under sub-rule (1) shall consist of a Chairperson and not more than six persons nominated by the local body of whom not less than one third should be women and not less than 18% should belong to the Scheduled Castes/ Scheduled Tribes. The process for benefit sharing with the BMC, Self-Help Groups etc., accruing from accessed bio-resources is being firmed up.So far, 33,353BMCs have been constituted by the local bodies in 26 States.

The main activities centered onconsidering appropriate amendments to the Act and Rules for enhanced conservation of biodiversity in India, and implementation of various extant provisions, such as conservation of Biodiversity Heritage Sites (BHS), conservation


18

and rehabilitation of threatened species on verge of extinction, eco-restoration, etc.


(i) Strengthening the institutional capacity of NBA, SBBs and BMCs to enable them to undertake developmental and regulatory activities, as per their respective mandate. The incumbent of non-official members in NBA were appointed in October 2013. An enforcement wing was established at NBA.

(ii) The Expert Consultant engaged by NBA to work out the modalities for setting up Regional Offices in five regions based on flora and fauna has submitted the Working Paper, and based on it Expression of Interest for establishment of Regional Office for the North East has been received from Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and Tripura.

(iii) 1,901 PBRs have been documented on bio-resources and associated traditional knowledge in 14 States (Andhra Pradesh, Aurnachal Pradesh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and West Bengal), of which 110 PBRs have been prepared during the year.

(iv) Under the UNEP-GEF-ABS project, a model PBR has been developed for Yeragollapahad Grama Panchayat, in Warangal Disrict, Andhra Pradesh. Five model PBRs are under preparation.

(v) ABS-related capacity building and awareness raising activities were initiated in five Project States, namely Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim and West Bengal, and 05 Stakeholder Consultations as well as a number of Discussion Meetings organised with BMCs in various locations, were held in each of them.

(vi) Three publications relevant to ABS, BD Act, and economic valuation of bioresources were developed and disseminated.

(vii) Towards inter alia finalizing the guidelines for Access and Benefit Sharing and also revising the extant agreement, four Meetings of the Expert Committee on ABS were held.

(viii) Fourth Expert Committee Meeting on Agrobiodiversity was held on 8-9 April 2013 at Hyderabad.

(ix) Expert Committee/ Key Stakeholder Consultation on Strategies for up-scaling domestic and international trade in Herbal Products & Medicinal Plant Resources as part of the preparation of an Intersectorial Strategy and Action Plan for the Management of Medicinal Plant Resources of India in the XII FYP was held on 26 April 2013 at Chennai.

(x) Supported NBA for setting up of Centre for Biodiversity Policy and Law (CEBPOL) to address policy and legal issues. Technical Assistance Contract was signed between NBA and Norwegian Environment Agency in April 2013, which identified 10 thematic areas for collaboration. The Norwegian counterpart has identified and signed an agreement with a service provider in India to facilitate implementation of the project. Its Project Steering Committee meeting was held on 21 October 2013 and initiated activities in India.

(xi) Under the GEF Direct Access Project for National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) and Fifth National Report to WII, about USD 145,200/-, which is 60% of project cost was released to NBA for implementation of the project for preparing the Report. National Stakeholder Consultation on its preparation was held in July 2013 at New Delhi, and a Draft Report has been prepared and circulated for comments. Two Project Steering Committee


19

meetings were held, and a set of 12 Draft National Biodiversity Targets has been developed. Prototype for developing National Clearing House Mechanism has been prepared aimed at providing effective information services to facilitate the implementation of NBSAP.

(xii) Assisting the States in notifying threatened species in their areas of jurisdiction. So far the species which are on the verge of extinction have been notified in 15 States and 1 UT (A&N Islands).

(xiii) So far, four BHS sites have been notified in the State of Karnataka. Twelve SBBs have identified another 123 sites for declaring as BHS.

(xiv) Facilitating projects related to digitations of biodiversity-related data. Designing/ implementing the Indian Biodiversity Information System (IBIS).

(xv) Undertaking/ facilitating projects related to biodiversity conservation such as INBIF, The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB), etc.

(xvi) Increasing awareness through a number of communication and outreach activities. Educational materials were developed in regional languages such as Telugu, Bengali, Gujarati and Hindi.

(xvii) Three capacity-building initiatives were undertaken: (a) a programme on Strengthening the implementation of Biological Diversity Act, 2002, leading to establishment of robust ABS mechanism at Local Body Level was organized by SBB Gujarat in May 2013; (b) an interactive meeting on Strengthening Implementation of BD Act & ABS " was organized by SBB Himachal Pradesh in July 2013; and (c) a Panel discussion on Gap analysis on Policy Issues and Awareness for Implementation of ABS Provisions within the BD Act was organized by SBB West Bengal in July 2013.

(xviii) During the year, four meetings of the Authority were held, and important decisions were taken on different matters. For regulation of access of biological resources, 78 applications were received during first half of the financial year, which are at various stages of processing. Further, NBA placed 77 applications (which includes applications received during previous years) before the Expert Committee for examination, of which 14 were recommended for approval and 29 recommended for closure. Six agreements were entered during first half year till 31 December 2013.

(xix) Acquiring 5.0 acres of land from State Government of Tamil Nadu for constructing a building to house the NBA.

(xx) International Day for Biodiversity with the theme Water and Biodiversity was celebrated on 2 May 2013. A poster on the theme was also released.

(xxi) Instituting awards for best performing SBB/ BMC/ biodiversity conservers; breed savior award and such awards to recognize contributors who help in implementing the Act effectively.

(c) Biodiversity Scheme/ Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC)

Under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, the Rules for the Manufacture, Use, Import, Export and Storage of Hazardous Microorganisms/Genetically Engineered Organisms or Cells, 1989 (Rules, 1989) have been notified. The Rules also cover application of hazardous microorganisms which may not be genetically modified, but include those which are pathogenic to animals as well as plants.

The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC), the apex body under the Rules, 1989 has the mandate to approve the large scale trials and environmental release of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) and ensure that research and development and


20

testing of GMOs prior to environment release are conducted in a safe and scientific manner through appropriate implementation of Rule 1989 and biosafety guidelines.


(i) GEAC has been reconstituted, which held one meeting on April, 2013. Decision on GM crop field trials and holding of further meetings of GEAC stand deferred in view of issues pending before the Honble Supreme Court.

(ii) Phase-II of UNEP-GEF Capacity Building Project on Biosafety has commenced; Project Coordination Unit (PCU) has been set up; Biotech Consortium India Limited has been appointed; Consultants and Experts for implementing various activities have been identified; Guidance document for generation of biosafety data, environmental risk assessment guidelines, strengthening pre- and post-release monitoring mechanism, notification of accredited laboratories for LMO detection etc. have been initiated.

(iii) Two reports of Technical Expert Committee constituted by the Honble Supreme Court have been received. The matter is also pending final decision of the Honble Supreme Court. Union of India is filing a counter affidavit in respect of each of recommendations made in the two reports of TEC.

(iv) Cabinet Note for Ratification of the Nagoya Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress has been circulated to all Ministries/ Departments concerned. Comments from a few are awaited.

(v) Development of biology documents in respect of 8 crops (chickpea, pigeon pea, sorghum, papaya, mustard, tomato, rubber and potato) is in progress.

(vi) Development of the State-of-Art GEAC website has been completed. Audit of the website by NIC has been completed and is ready for launching.

(vii) Indian delegation attended Asia Regional National Project Coordinators Meeting of UNEP held from 1-5 July 2013 at Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia to discuss experience and challenges faced in execution of UNEP-GEF biosafety project.

(viii) South Asia Biosafety Conference was convened jointly with DBT and SABP during 18-20 September 2013. India participated in the ASIA BCH Workshop in Siem Reap, Cambodia from 18-20 November 2013 organized by Korea Biosafety Clearing House (KBCH) in partnership with UNEP.

(ix) India chaired the online and regional real time conferences on socio economic considerations for Asia-Pacific.

(d) Biodiversity Scheme/ Cartagena Biosafety Protocol (CPB)

CPB has come into force on 11 September 2003. The Conference of Parties serving as the Meeting of Parties to the Protocol (COP-MOP) currently meets every two years in conjunction with the regular meetings of the Conference of Parties (COP) to the CBD. Six meetings of the COP-MOP have been held so far. The Sixth meeting of COP-MOP hosted by India from 1-5 October 2012 at Hyderabad provided India with an opportunity to consolidate, scale-up and showcase our initiatives and strengths on biosafety. The Seventh meeting of COP-MOP is scheduled in South Korea in October 2014.

As a follow-up to COP-MOP decisions taken so far, several initiatives including capacity building and awareness programs to facilitate compliance have been undertaken. In compliance with the reporting requirements, India has submitted its first and second National Reports on implementation of CPB, which were finalized following a consultative approach. Several consultative meetings of experts and stakeholders have also been convened prior to each COP-MOP meeting to finalize the country position and negotiating briefs. During 2013,


21

Indian experts participated in online discussion forum and other preparation meetings on various thematic areas pertaining to COP-MOP-7 agenda. Consultations for preparing the country positions are scheduled to commence in the first quarter of 2014.

(e) Nagoya Kula Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress

COP-MOP-5held at Nagoya, Japan in October 2010 adopted the Nagoya Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to the CPB after six years of intense negotiations. India made significant positive contributions in its finalisation, which is being considered as a milestone achievement in multilateral environmental negotiations. India signed the Supplementary Protocol on 11 October 2011. So far, 51 countries are its signatories and 10 countries have ratified it. The Protocol will enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit of the 40thinstrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.

The study to probe the legal implications of its ratification and to identify legislative amendments required in the domestic law has been completed. The process of seeking Cabinet approval for ratification has been initiated.

An international workshop on ABS and Liability and Redress in the context of CPB for capacity building of Africa region was held in February 2013 at Bengaluru.

3.1.4. All India Coordinated Project on Capacity Building in Taxonomy (AICOPTAX)

AICOPTAXs mission is enhancement of countrys capabilities for inventorying, monitoring, conserving and utilizing biodiversity as well as for establishing leadership in the field of taxonomy at regional and global levels. It is an active programme channelized at the national level to address the problems of inadequate taxonomic knowledge due to limited number of taxonomists available in the country. It is fully funded by the Ministry.

To start with, 30 thematic areas were chosen for investigation. Of these, 15 could be implemented so far, with work assigned to 15 coordinators along with 61 collaborators. The remaining 15 thematic areas are being taken up for investigation in a phased manner.

3.1.5. GOI-UNDP-CCF-II project Biodiversity Conservation through Community-based Natural Resource Management

The project was being implemented in four States (Arunachal Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, and Odisha) with the following objectives: (a) to facilitate the process of making the national and state-level policies and programmes more responsive to linkages between sustainable rural livelihood; and (b) to enhance the capacity of communities and institutions of decentralized governancefor integrating sustainablebiodiversity-basedlivelihoods through participatory micro planning, while ensuring equity, transparency and accountability.

In-situ conservation interventions were carryied out in more than 23,000 ha area, three new nurseries including one high altitude established and more than 15 skill strengthening and capacity building programmes organized in all four States. Fourteen NTFP and agro-forestry based micro-enterprises were established during previous year. The project was formally closed on 31 December 2013.

3.1.6. Assistance to Botanic Gardens

The scheme was initiated in 1992 to augment facilities for ex-situ conservation of rare, endangered, threatened and endemic plants. One-time financial assistance is provided to the


22

existing botanic gardens for improvement of their infrastructural facilities to facilitate ex-situ conservation of rare and endemic plants. The achievements made in these botanic gardens are periodically monitored with the help of BSI, which also helps in identification of rare endemic plants requiring priority attention for ex-situ conservation.

Comprehensive guidelines have been issued in May 2013 outlining the goals and objectives; need for lead gardens in different phytogeographic zones, terms and conditions, and role of State and Central Governments, besides promoting education awareness, ex-situ conservation and reintroduction of rare plants in natural habitats.

Under the new guidelines for financial assistance, the process of scrutiny of proposals has become more objective resulting initially into higher rate of revision/rejection. Under the scheme, 268 projects have been supported so far to various organizations maintaining botanic gardens and Centres of ex-situ conservation. In 2013, 50 threatened plant species were taken up for ex-situ conservation. 16Botanical Gardens were supported, which included one Lead Garden. Infrastructure strengthening of 12 existing Botanical Gardens was taken up, including designations of 4 lead gardens.

3.2. Forest Conservation

The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 came into effect from 25 October 1980 and provides for prior approval of the Central Government for diversion of forest lands for non-forestry purposes. Its objective is to regulate diversion of forest lands for non-forestry uses and to maintain balance between developmental needs and conservation of natural heritage. Guidelines are issued under the Act from time to time, to simplify the procedures, to cut down delays and to make the process transparent.

Heads of Regional Offices of the Ministry at Bengaluru, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar, Lucknow, Shillong and Chandigarh are empowered to grant approvals under the Act for diversion of forest land for non-forestry purposes up to 5 hectare in each case (except for mining and regularization of encroachments) and to process and make recommendations to the Ministry in cases between 5 hectare and 40 hectare in consultation with the State Advisory Committee. Proposals involving areas more than 40 ha are to be submitted by the State Governments to the Ministry, and they are examined by the Forest Advisory Committee (FAC), constituted under the Act,which meets once a month. In the cases where area involved is more than 100 ha, a site inspection by Regional Office is mandatory before the proposal is examined by FAC. The Ministry takes the final decision on diversion proposals stipulating appropriate mitigation measures keeping in view the recommendations of FAC.

In 2013, a total of 1,007 proposals were received, of which 645 involving about 17,253 ha. forest land have been approved or granted in-principle approval. 8 proposals were closed/ rejected, while 94 are pending consideration with State Governments concerned.

To mitigate impacts of diversion of forest land on ecology, environment, biodiversity and overall forest cover, the Central Government while according approvals under the Act stipulates appropriate conditions. In addition to the requirement that User Agency provides land in compensation at prescribed scales, it is also incumbent on them to provide compensatory levies for Afforestation (Compensatory/ Additional Compensatory/ Penal Compensatory)/ Treatment (Safety Zone/ Catchment Area)/ Net Present Value of forest land diverted. Forest area which are notified as part of national parks/ sanctuaries are allowed to be diverted only with express approval of the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India, and the User Agency is required to pay 5 times/ 10 times of Net Present Value of the forest land diverted.


23

The Ministry has initiated a web-based system of Online Monitoring of Forest Clearances based on work flow-based application for monitoring the proposals submitted by User Agencies for seeking forest clearances for diverting forest land for non-forestry purposes. This application is amenable to use, including updating of data pertaining to their competence, by State Forest Departments, Regional Offices and Headquarter at the Ministry.

3.2.1. Forest Establishment (FE)

The Forest Establishment Division is handling the establishment matters relating to the Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE), an autonomous organisation under the Ministry, and its Institutes/Centers; Forest Survey of India (FSI) and its Regional Centers; National Zoological Park (NZP); Wildlife Crime Control Bureau (WCCB) and its Regional Offices; Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy (IGNFA); Directorate of Forest Education (DFE), three Central Academies and one Ranger College; State Forest Colleges of all the Union Territories of India (except Andaman & Nicobar Forest Plantation Development Corporation), general references relating to frontline staff of State Forest Departments including court cases, RTI applications and Parliament Matters concerning the above.

In 2013, Consultancy Rules of ICFRE are being streamlined so that maximum revenue generated by consultancies is utilised to reduce the dependence of ICFRE on grants in aid. Further, efforts are underway towards making the corpus fund of Pension Fund Trust of ICFRE self-sustainable.

3.2.2. Intensification of Forest Management Scheme (IFMS)

The National Forest Policy 1988 aims at bringing 33% of countrys geographical area under the forests/ tree cover. While aiming to expand the forest cover in the country, it is equally important to improve the state of existing forests and protect them against various threats. The threats to forests include encroachments, forest fires, illegal felling for timber and firewood grazing, diseases and incursion of weeds and other invasive species. In addition, there are problems related to unique vegetation and eco-systems either due to high value or peculiar nature of their management. Examples of this include forests with species such as Sandalwood, Red Sanders and Bamboo to name a few.

IFMS intends to address both the general problems of forest protection and protection of unique vegetation.Its mandate includes (a) prevention and control of forest fires; (b) protection of existing forests against illicit fellings and encroachment, etc, and demarcation of forest boundaries; (c) providing financial assistance to States/ UTs for improving the infrastructure; (d) using modern technology in scientific management of forests and preparation of working plans; (e) protection and conservation of sacred groves, and unique vegetation and ecosystems; and (f) control and eradication of forest invasive species.

The financial assistance is provided on cost-share basis. All North Eastern States including Sikkim and Special Categories States (Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand) share 10% of the cost while the rest of the States/UTs share 25% of the cost of the annual plans of operations. State Forest Departments are the implementing agencies. The total outlay for the Scheme for the XII Plan is 600 crore. During 2012-13,against anoutlay at RE stage of 53.25 crore, 51.0582 crore was released. During 2013-14 so far, against an outlay at RE stage of 51.55 crore, 51.1418 crore has been released to States/ UTs.

In 2013, the operational guidelines for the scheme in its revised shape have been issued, which include a provision for signing a Memorandum of Understanding between the implementing States and Central Government. The Annual Work Plan proposals are to be


24

submitted to the Ministry by States, which after scrutiny by the Screening Committee, are approved for implementation. A greater emphasis is being laid on States identifying gaps in their efforts in forest protection. This is expected to improve the impact of the scheme in fulfilling its mandate. In order to promote transparency, GPS co-ordinates of all infrastructure works financed in this scheme have been made mandatory. Details of the allotment and expenditure together with the Annual Work Plan are also being put on the Ministrys web site.

The major components of the scheme include: (i) Forest fire control and management. (ii) Strengthening of Infrastructure. (iii) Survey, Demarcation and Working Plan preparation. (iv) Protection and Conservation of Sacred Groves. (v) Conservation and Restoration of Unique Vegetation & Ecosystems. (vi) Control and Eradication of Forest Invasive Species. (vii) Preparedness for Meeting Challenges of Bamboo Flowering and Improving

Management of Bamboo Forests.

The Scheme is also being monitored at the level of Centre and States. Principal Chief Conservator is responsible of the implementation as well as monitoring of the Scheme at the States level. Fresh instructions have been issued regarding monitoring of the Scheme at their level. A third party has been initiated to monitor and evaluate the implementation of the Scheme and suggest change to increase the effectiveness of the Scheme. During 2013-14 as on 31 December 2013, status with regard to three major montitorable targets is as follows:

(i) Creation and Maintenance of fire lines (kms.): 49,874.50 km (target 68,000 km) (ii) Construction of Boundary pillars (Nos.): 38,905 (target 78,000) (iii) Construction of Building for frontline staff (Nos.): 279 (target 600)

Overall, the scheme has helped the State/UT Forest Departments in modernizing the forestry sector by way of creating infrastructure such as field offices, forest stations, residential facilities for frontline staff; construction of roads and patrolling paths; introduction of modern technology including use of PDA for field surveillance and reporting; providing field vehicles, arms and ammunitions. Introduction of advanced technology helped in bridging the backlog in preparation of working plans. Forest fire control has become progressively effective by way of creation and maintenance of firelines for prevention of forest fires, early detection, reporting and quick mobilization of force for forest fire control. Modern technology has also helped in improving planning for forest fire control and management. This scheme has also provided incentives for involvement of local people through Joint Forest Management Committees in forest protection. There are 2,74,134 JFMCs managing 671,42,757 mha involving 38,62,811 people of forest area.

3.2.3. Forest Policy

Forest Policy Division coordinates all aspects of the National Forest Policy, 1988, including its implementation issues;the Indian Forest Act, 1927 and policy and legislative issues of other Central Ministries/ Departments related to forests and Scheduled Tribes, besides coordinating the State Forest Policies, State Forest Acts/Amendment etc. It liaises with Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Ministry of Tribal Affairs and Planning Commission on the matters related to various Acts and Policies. It is the nodal Division for Forestry in relation to Climate Change and REDD+ Cell. It also acts as a National Focal Point on international cooperation in forestry.

In 2013, some major activities coordinated were as follows:


25

(i) Creating a facilitative Regulatory Regime for felling in transit of trees grown on non-forests land in order to encourage people participation. The Report of the Bansal Committee constituted to study the Regulatory Regime and recommend measures, has beenuploaded on the Ministry's website for widespread suggestions and comments.

(ii) Pursued with State Forest Departments for creating enabling environment and relaxation of regulatory regime for felling and transit of bamboo grown on private/ farm land. Advisories issued to all States/ UTs in this regard.

(iii) Among activities in support of International Arrangement on Forests (IAF), National and 4 Regional Workshops for Capacity Building and Awareness on Non-Legally Binding Instrument on all types of forests and current IAFwere organised, with financial support of Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Country views on the post-2015 IAFhave been prepared for submission to United Nations Forum on Forests.

(iv) Contributed in discussions on Agroforestry convened by National Advisory Council and in formulation of draft National Agroforestry Policy, 2014.

(v) Towards preparation of Draft Reference Document for REDD+, National and Regional Workshops for REDD+ awareness and preparedness are being organised. The Kishwan Expert Committee was constituted to prepare the REDD+ Reference Document.

(vi) Meeting of the Consultative Group on Forestry Matters was organised for preparing countrys views for the 10thSession of United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF) which was held at Istanbul (Turkey) from 8-19 April 2013.

3.3. Wildlife Conservation

Government of India provides technical and financial support to States/ UTs for wildlife conservation under some Centrally Sponsored Schemes: (i) Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats, (ii) Project Elephant, and (iii) Project Tiger, and also through Central Sector Schemes: (i) Strengthening of Wildlife Division and Consultancies for Special Tasks, and (ii) Grants-in-Aid to Central Zoo Authority and Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun.

3.3.1. Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats

The scheme has the following components: (i) Support to Protected Areas (National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Conservation Reserves and Community Reserves); (ii) Protection of Wildlife Outside Protected Areas; and

Documents

MOEF Statement on Activities and Achievements in 2013