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SHEIKH TECHNICAL VETERINARY SCHOOL (STVS)
1
Sheikh technical veterinary school
Field Work Report; Inspection, Vaccination,
Treatment,
And Certification of Export Animals in
Tog Wajale, Hargeisa and Berbera)
Name of student: Mohamed Jama Idiris
Registration number: 0110
Submitted on -/ 06/ 2011
SHEIKH TECHNICAL VETERINARY SCHOOL (STVS)
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Table of content:
Page number
Acknowledgement ……………………………………………………………………………i
Declaration …………………………………………………………………………………...ii
CHAPTER I
1.0 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………1
1.1 Back ground Information of Study areas……………………………………………...2
1.2 Objectives ………………………………………………………………………………...3
1.3 Methodologies …………………………………………………………………………....3
CHAPTER II
2.1.0 Activities Carried Out In Wajale
2.1.1 Wajale Livestock Market ……………………………………………………………..4
2.1.2 Price of Wajale Livestock Market…………………………………………………….4
2.1.3 Inspection Activities of Togwajale ……………………………………………………5
2.1.4 Vaccination of Animals in Wajale Livestock Market………………………………..5
2.1.5 Treatment of Animals in Tog Wajale ………………………………………………...6
2.1.6 Veterinary Institutions of Tog Wajale………………………………………………..6
2.1.7 Roll of Veterinary Association of Tog Wajale ……………………………………….7
2.1.8 Slaughter House of TogWajale………………………………………………………..7
2.1.9 Constraint of Slaughter House ………………………………………………………..7
2.1.10 Certification Form ……………………………………………………………………7
2.2.0 ACTIVIES CARRIED OUT IN HARGIESA
2.2.1 Mandeeq Hargiesa Slaughter House………………………………………………….8
2.2.2 Mandeeq Slaughter Infrastructure……………………………………………………9
2.2.3 Transportation And Meat distribution……………………………………………….9
2.2.4 Meat Inspection……………………………………………………………………….9
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2.2.5 Demand of Livestock Fluctuation……………………………………………….......10
2.2.6 Organization Chart of Hargiesa Maandeeq Slaughter House……………………..11
2.2.7 Hygiene And Sanitation of Maandeeq Slaughter House…………………………...11
2.2.8 Constraint of Maandeeq Slaughter House…………………………………………..12
2.2.9 Hargiesa Livestock Market ………………………………………………………….12
2.2.10 Livestock Market Actors……………………………………………………………13
2.2.11 Municipality of livestock market of Hargaisa……………………………………..13
2.2.12 Hargeisa Milk Markets ……………………………………………………………..13
2.2.13 Handling of milk in the markets……………………………………………………14
2.2.14 Sources of the Milk………………………………………………………………….14
2.2.15 Price of Milk in Hargaisa milk market…………………………………………….14
2.2.16 Constraint of Hargeisa Milk Market………………………………………………14
2.3.0 Activities carried out in Berbera
2.3.1 Gulf international Quarantine in Berbera…………………………………………..15
2.3.2 Berbera Quarantine Station (Gulf international quarantine)……………………..15
2.3.3 Berbera holding ground consist three section………………………………………15
2.3.4 Berbera Laboratory Quarantine…………………………………………………….16
2.3.5 Experiences gained from the attached areas………………………………………..16
2.4.0 Chapter four: Conclusions and Recommendations
2.4.1 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………..17
2.4.2 Recommendation……………………………………………………………………...18
2.4. 3 annex one……………………………………………………………….19
SHEIKH TECHNICAL VETERINARY SCHOOL (STVS)
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DECLARATION
I hereby Mohamed jama idiris sead, declare that this field report is only my original work
except reference and has been present before
Student Signature
.....................................
Supervisor’s Signature (first screening). Supervisor’s Signature (Final Check)
..................................................... ........................................................List of
abbreviations, symbols and nomenclature
NGO = Nongovernmental organization
STVS = Sheikh technical veterinary school
LEISOM = Livestock emergency intervation to migrated food crisis in Somaliland
AU-IBAR = African union inter Africa bureau for animal resources
EU = European union
FMD = Food and mouth disease
ELIZA = Enzyme linked immunesorbent assay
PPR = Pest dest petist ruminants
Acknowledgement:
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I would like to thank Allah the merciful who gave me talent to prepare for this report
effectively. Secondly, I would like to thank STVS administration that helped me complete
this report for their technical and financially investment.
Thirdly I would like to thank my supervisors Mr Abdiqani Ahmed Farah, Mr jones and my
beloved parents.
Also I would like to thank my supervesors in Wajale, Hargiesa and Berbera like Dr Hassan
Isahak (wajale ) Dr Yusuf Jama Adem ( Hargeisa) and Ahmed Buroa .
Lastly I wish to express grateful thanks to my tutors like:
1. Dr Abdulahi Sheikh ( dean of study)
2. Dr Nuh Hajji Abdulahi
3. Dr Ibrahim osman
4. Dr Abulkadir khalif
5. Mr jones
6. Mr Thomas matinde
CHAPTER (I)
1.0 Introduction
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At the end of every academic year students are sent for report writing as part of fulfilling
their diploma course. In this report second year students are sent to a various locations of
Somaliland, The duration allocated for this field work report was 16 days and every site or
location was given 5day except Berbera with reporting days of 6 days.
The locations were as fallowing:
A. Tog wajasle (commercial centre of Somaliland that link Ethiopia and Somalia)
B. Hargeisa (capital of Somaliland)
C. Berbera (centre of export and import of Somaliland)
Those location were selected the due to the prioritization of vet activities going on this
location. For instance in Tog Wajale there is an on going vaccination on export animals;
although last year activities were better than this year because of the vaccination programme
Which not running as good as last year
Study areas
TogWajale Hargeisa Barbara
1.1 Background Information of Study area
Togwajale:
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Togwajale is a located border between Somaliland and Ethiopia, this border separate small
village in two countries of Somaliland and Ethiopia the Somaliland part were the most
important part where business activities were going on, particularly livestock trade and
trading of goods like electronic clothes and etc.
The population of togwajale was registered about 25000 according to the number of voter in
Somaliland presidential election of 2011.
Its temperature of togwajale range 25co to
30co. Togwajale has the largest livestock cattle
market in Somaliland because of that togwajale familiar of the particular surrounding area of
cattle rearing the livestock of tog wajale where the most activities of cattle livestock sector
occur which is vaccination program going on the most disease vaccinate is FMD, PPR ,pox
virus and contagious bovine pleuropneuminia.CCBP
The vaccination is kept at cool chain to put appropriate temperature for ice box and to keep
sun light
HARGAISA:
Hargeisa is a capital city of Somaliland which located in the north west of Somaliland. It was
the capital city of British Somaliland protectorate from 1941 to 1960, and also serves as the
capital city of Maroodijeex region. Its the largest city and mostly populated city in
Somaliland, according other regions of Somaliland the population of hargaisa registered
during presidential election of Somaliland is about 1.5 million Hargeisa is the largest city in
the Somaliland more over it has the second largest livestock market after Burao livestock
market, which sale different species of domestic animals.
BEREBRA:
Berbera is the main port of Somaliland that export livestock production of Somali ecosystem
and import goods and other raw material productions berbera is a capital of sahil region
located nothern of the country and its along the red sea of Gulf of aden
The Coastal belt is usually cold between the months of October and January while May to
September it is normally hot and windy weather condition, in the summer time (June -
September) temperature rises up ward 45CO
which causes residents to move during that
season.
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The coastal belt around Berbera (Guban) is arid or semi- arid which receives rain ones
or twice in the year.
The economic sources of Berbera depend on the port activities which is the largest port in the
country in addition to this it is income generation for the whole of the country. Thousands of
livestock are exported every week from Berbera port to the Arabian countries like SAUDI-
ARABIA, QATAR, KUWEIT, BAHREIN and EGYPT Etc.
Chapter two: objectives and methodology
1.2 Objectives
To acquire practical knowledge skills and experience from field.
To identify veterinary infrastructure in the study areas
To improve skills of collecting and processing of data from livestock sector.
To identify opportunities and challenges that faced livestock stakeholder in study areas.
1.3 Methodologies
Observation/ Examination
During our field trip observation of the study areas was one of our main methodologies to
collect a lot of data.
Using Interview
For the duration of our data collection we used oral interview for the different stakeholders in
order to get enough information about the situation in the ground during this task, we were
using pre tested semi structured questioner
CHAPTER (II)
2.1 Activities carried out in wajale
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2.1.1 Wajale Livestock Market
Livestock market of tog wajale located eastern apart of togwajale district about the a distance
of 1km from the town
Togwajale livestock market is the place where payers and sellers meet for their exchange of
their commodities it has four cattle loading ramps two of them are public institution where
the other two are private cattle loading ramp .
the facility of togwajale livestock market include crashes ,ramps of bulls. The crash is very
importance for livestock during vaccination and bleeding (blood taken) time, the livestock
market of togwajale collecting in different zone of Somalia ecosystem include Ethiopia and
other part of somalia
The cattle loading ramps ease loading and unloading animals from the cars and not taken
more effort and forces.
The public cattle loading ramps were built in January 2011 by project founded by European
commission and IU IBAR implement by TERRE NOUVA international NGO
2.1.2 Price of wajale Livestock Market
the price of livestock in togwajale were classified in to three major grades but unfortuanately
in last year the price of bulls in tog wajale are higher than this year
Species Grade of animals Rate of price (USD)
Bulls Grade one 756-800
Bulls Grade two 482-520
Bulls Grade three young
( cajuul)
250-320
This table shows price of animals specially bulls
2.1.3 Inspection Activity of Tog wajale
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Togwajale is where the inspection and vaccination of bulls to be exported took place.
Livestock market inspection where the assessing and inspecting animals condition whether
it’s normal and abnormal condition.
Inspection normally leads vets to correct diagnosis and it is more effective when there is
laboratory confirmation.
In Somaliland availability of laboratories is rare, therefore livestock inspection is very
affective way which is widely used in the country, and during field work it was noticed that
most veterinaries in the study area were using inspection as a mean of diagnosis.
In the study area while the exporting cattle are inspected there were two ways that
Veterinarians were using herd level and individual level inspection to assess the health status
of the cattle.
In the herd level inspection, the parameters used in assessment process include; -
Observing the body condition of the animals, its poor or well body condition
Observing general herd abnormalities like, self isolatings animals, lameness,
depression, lachrymation, tiredness and salivation.
skin lesion either primary and secondary skin lesion
2.1.4 Vaccination of animals in wajaale livestock Market:
The instrument used for vaccinating animals was automatic syringe as well as ear tag after
animals are vaccinated. The FMD vaccine was given subcutaneously with the dosage of 3ml
per animal
This figure 1 shows Equipment using for vaccination
2.1.5 Treatment of Animals in togwajale
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After clinical examination tentatively it was concluded that all animals are common in
helmenthiasis according to the case history and clinical signs. All the animals were administered
Albendazole orally in a dosage rate of14ml/50kg since it is very effective anti-helmentic drug
recommended the treatment of different Worms infections such as round worms, tape worms, lung
worms and liver flukes in cattle, sheep and goats and it was shaken well before the administration.
The owner was informed not to slaughter the animals for human consumption for two Weeks after
treatment and not to milk the lactated ones until 5days.
The severe emaciated one who had diarrhea, depression, anorexia, and decreased Temperature was
treated with Pen & Strep (combination of penicillin and Streptomycin) after consultation with the
field supervisor. Pen & Strep is effective against infections and agents sensitive to penicillin and
Streptomycin and the recommended dosage rate is1ml/25k g body weight intramuscularly for up to
one consequence day. In addition to that the two caws showed purulent nasal and ocular discharge and
evidence Of fever with temperature around 39oC were used for CI LA MY C IN long acting(LA) in
deep Intramuscular in a dosage rate of 1ml/10kg body weight.Each 1ml of Clamycin is contained by
100mg of oxytetracyclin e. This compound is suitable for the treatment of acute infections and the
other hand it is formulated to provide a prolonged action resulting in a sustained anti-bacterial
activity.
The treated caws were not lactated and the owner accepted not to use their meat for 28 Days after the
administration of the drug.
2.1.6 Veterinary Institutions of Togwajale:
The veterinary institution in wajale has managed a livestock activity that was going on and
they ensure animal’s health and animal welfare.
The veterinary institution in wajale consist of 2 doctors, 6 assistance and one auxiliary in all
that veterinary members were ministry of livestock employees, how ever the veterinary staffs
in tog wajale were decreased in their numbers because of no continue activity in livestock
market of tog wajale.
2.1.7 Role of Veterinary Association (Function of Veterinarian):
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They do vaccination programs
They do inspection of animals before vaccination and bleeding
They carry out treatment
Animals are held in special pens before vaccination and after vaccination each
2.1.8 Slaughter House of Togwajale:
Towajale has one slaughter house that locates southern direction of the town in the side of
Somaliland village.
The slaughter house are slaughtering around 10cattle 5camels and 35of sheep and goats daily.
2.1.9 Constraint of Slaughter House
Poor hygiene condition
Bad drainage system of the blood
There is no enough building of slaughter house
Lack of external support such as government and international NGOs
2.1.10 Certification Form : Certification is way to determine /identify and recognition
of health of animals export
There are three type of certification:
Inspection certification
Movement permission certification
Health certification
A) Inspection Certification:
This is certificate identify that the animals has no sing of disease and animals have good
body condition
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b) Movement Permission Certificate: This certificate shows that the animals can be
transport from one region to the other without suspicion of disease transmission
C) Health Certification:
This is certificate that make sure that the animals has qualified all necessary performance and
free from disease, this certificate is final certificate that allows animals export from the
berbera port and to give quarantine
2.2.0Activities carried out in Hargeisa
2.2.1Maandeeq Hargeisa Slaughter House
Mandeeq slaughter house located south eastern side of Hargaisa city, mandeeq is private
ownership enterprise and based on the principle of public private partnership.
Mandeq slaughter house establish on March 25th
by the Somaliland citizen Mr Abdirashid
Omar And Mr Mohamed Rooble , who were interested in the development of the country
Mandeq is legally registered under the ministry of commerce and industry ,mandeq was first.
Company with service that has been set up in hargiesa to improve health status in hargiesa
Before Mandeeq Company meat sellers and consumers were used un health of animals
Mandeq Company distributes meat to the market places and major hotels of the city.
Mandeq uses more than 12 vehicles which is fully operating in the slaughter house and 18
local market are distribute to the well protect fresh meat with van meat
The company is under extension plan for exporting but the still company lacks role
international donors and investment of foreign countries.
1200 of sheep, goats, cattle and camels slaughtering per daily totally that is used by the local
consumption.
Mandeeq enterprise is an income generating company plays central role for Somaliland
livelihood (sources of income).
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2.2.2 Mandeeq Slaughter Infrastructure
Hygiene sanitation of mandeeq slaughter house
Operation of mandeeq slaughter house
Transportation and meat distribution of mandeeq slaughter house s
2.2.3 Transportation and meat distribution:
The transportation facilities are only means that enabled the company to distribute meat to
market places and major hotels of the hargiasa city.
Mandeeq enterprise uses more than 12 vehicles which fully operate in slaughter house and 18
local markets are supplied and distributed to well protect fresh meat with covered van and
meat cases.
2.2.4 Meat Inspection
About one thousand and two hundred of sheep, Goat, Cattle and camels are slayed in the
slaughter house for local consumption. There are only 3 meat inspectors for this huge
activity which is difficult to inspect thoroughly. On 5th
and second 9th
june 2011 the
students participated inspection of more than 500 animals, after slaughtering and skinning
of the animal; the lungs, visceral and mediastinal organs are removed then the carcass is
carried in to plastic containers which is written by the symbol of its owners.
Both carcass and removed organs were observed to find any gross lesions, color,
consistency and texture of organs and tissues were considered, some of the
removed organs like liver, lung, kidney and heart were palpated and cut sectioned, any
swollen lymphanodes were inspected.
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This picture shows construction of mandeeq hargaisa slaughter house
2.2.5 Demand of Livestock Fluctuation:
The local consumption of animals depends on their body condition, weight and health status.
Before the Ramadan up to pilgrimage month’s demand of the animals are very high because
of the demand of pilgrimage. The veterinary code of conduct does not allow to slaughtering
the following animals:
Pregnant animals
Lame animals
Sever emaciated or sick animals
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2.2.6 Organisation Chart OF Hargaisa Manadeeq Slaughter House:
2.2.7 Hygiene and Sanitation of Mandeeq Slaughter House:
Hygiene sanitation of mandeeq slaughter house is very high essential in public health issues
during the time of field work report student has been focusing on hygienic condition of
mandeeq slaughter house and other places visited during field activities.
Mandeeq locate suitable place of slaughter house which is free from air pollution.
Transport vehicles were good because they were using cover van vehicles instead of
uncovered donkeys carts and wheel barrows.
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Mandeeq slaughter house was well fenced and this protected it from predators. it is well
ventilated, they were removing and transport wastes both solid and liquid such as blood dirty
used water, animals fluid abdominal content and bones to designated damps site.
2.2.8 Constraints of Mandeeq Slaughter house:
More than one thousand animals are slaughtered per night; only three inspectors are
Involved the examination of this large number, both inspectors and the slayers do not use
gloves to protect themselves and the products from contamination. The operation area is
too small compared to the capacity of the animals and no suitable cleaning solutions for
The slaughterhouse, only detergents are used for hygiene instead of chlorine and other
disinfectants
2.2. 9 Hargiesa Livestock Market :
Hargiasa livestock market is a second largest livestock market of Somaliland which was
established by former regime of Somalia in 1984.
It is located south east direction of the city and market occupied area of 1km2, livestock
market of hargiasa has six shades which are built by the government and also have two
modern ramps that is built in 2011 by project founded EU and AU IBAR implement by
TERRA NOUVA ,although there were no real borders between the market segment but there
were different site which are as fallows:
Camel market
Cattle market
Goat and sheep market
Near the market there were private pens which have their own facilities like water feeds
shades and ramps .
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2.2.10 Livestock Market Actors:
The main players of hargiasa livestock market are producers, brokers, butchers and
consumers.
2.2.11 Municipality of livestock market of Hargaisa:
The local government of hargeisa has office in the livestock market which was responsible
for taxation and security of livestock market.
The office of municipality has seven members of staffs who were responsible for the
collection of taxation from livestock traders in the market.
2.2.12 Hargeisa Milk Markets
There are two common milk markets in hargaisa; one is in the center of the town and it is
Kwon as Waheen , the other one is located the north of the city and is named
GOBANIMO. Both of them are highly crowded and operate between 9:00AM and
5:00PM, by considering species it is understandable that there is difference between the
Regions of the country, mainly camel and cattle milk are sold in Hargeisa markets,
Although goat milk may be found thus they are view and are merely consumed.
While the eastern regions of Somaliland camel and goat milk are the most abundant types
used and cattle milk rarely consumed.
Producers
Brokers Traders Butchers Retaillers
Consume
rs
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2.2.13 Handling of milk in the markets:
Unlike the other towns, the milk is sold in large halls with sufficient sheds to protect it from
the sun light. Unfortunately, the selling milk is stored in uncovered vessels and is exposed to
the dust and the other environmental contaminants.
2.2.14 Sources of the Milk:
Hundreds of plastic containers are brought to the markets per day, during the summer time an
Average of 700 litters is sold by each seller and can exceed in the spring (the rainy Season).
Most of the milk in the market is transported from areas away from Hargeisa; some of them
are from the northwest like Geed-ballaar, Gebilay and Alla-ibaday others from the north ward
such as ilmaha, Faraweyne and Balligacas. In the west it transported from Quraca abriin and
Waddo miikaahiil. Balli-gubadle of the south ward and Haro-haadlay of the east them selves
are taken from huge amounts
2.2.15 Price of Milk in Hargaisa milk market:
Whole of the milk are consumed by Hargeisa local community and are priced according
to the demand and their availability. Both cattle and camel milk are highly consumed and
are sold 3000 S/L shillings per milk cup; they are measured a cup of 7500ml which
means each liter is about 4000 S/L shillings.
Goat milk is rarely preferred, each cup is sold about 1500 S/L shillings and sheep are not
milked because of the culture of the Somali communities
2.2.16 Constraint of Hargeisa Milk Market;
Lack of good market infrastructure
Lack of good hygiene in milk market
Dirty plastic containers of milk
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2.3.0 Activities carried out in Berbera
2.3.1 Gulf international Quarantine in Berbera
The quarantine of Berbera city is known as (maxjar ) was invested by Arab man called
ALJABIRE to reconstructed in 2007 ,the animals of berbera quarantine comes from different
on the Somali ecosystem , the majority animals comes from the Buroa and Hargiasa livestock
market were animals took form of known as movement certificate that is easily pass throght
the each district ckeck point.
For the long distance of transportation which carry out large vehicles ,when animals reach
quarantine ( holding ground )animas loaded specific farms they stay for that farms in 24
hours but that farm were present water ,grass and doctors that observe for that health of
animals
2.3.2 Berbera Quarantine Station (Gulf international quarantine):
Gulf international quarantine located eastern side of berbera town and estimate area about
10km2 can hold more than 467000 of animals in one time to occupied for the area of
quarantine.
After that were the send a group of doctors to observe and inspected any clinical examination
like, skin lesion/ mouth lesion diarrhoea, posture of animal’s rough coat and excess of
discharge.
And doctors separate normal and abnormal animals .the abnormal animals immediately return
back to the traders while the normal (health) animals exporting to Saudi Arabia.
The main trade countries are Saudi Arabia UAE, Yemen and Middle East were exported
cattle, sheep, goats and camels.
2.3.3 Berbera holding ground consist three section
Inspection area
Quarantine area
Laboratory area
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Each area has port of entry and exit of animals , the quarantine water troughs ,feeding troughs
,and sheds can occupied area of 500m2
were animals have specific holding ground such as
small ruminant like goats and sheep and cattle and camels has specific pens to take vaccine
and blood taken( bleeding)
2.3.4 Berbera Laboratory Quarantine:
The laboratory found in quarantine station it has qualified technicians and the laboratory
consist of three parts
1. serology parts : in this part to investigate test serum by using ELIZA
2. Bacteriology parts: In these parts they test and classified where the bacteria is
gramm positive and gramm negative.
The laboratory diagnosis FMD (foot and mouth disease) , PPR,RVF( rift valley fever) this
disease take long time .
FMD it takes 3 hours and 5minutes while PPR take 6 hours and also rift valley fever take 8
hour.
The laboratory uses for this fallowing apparatus:
Direct ELIZA
Comparative ELIZA
Rose Bengal test
Oven heater
Incubator
2.3.5 Experiences gained from the attached areas:
During the field activities in Wajaale, Hargeisa and Berbera the following experiences were
gained:
The relationship between livestock stakeholders like livestock producers, traders
and veterinarians
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Inspection of the exporting animals and the signs which can be observed during
the inspection.
Preparing and administering of FMD vaccine and performing of eartags.
Testing of milk adulteration and viscosity of different species.
Understanding the sections and functions of Berbera quarantine station and
laboratory.
Analyzing of the certification procedure like inspection form, health certificate
and vessel certificate.
2.4.0 Chapter four: Conclusions and Recommendations
2.4.1 Conclusion:
These field work conducted in three different areas was successful achieved by the student
they practice new skills such as vaccination of animals, inspection in antemorteum and post-
mortem before and after slaughtering of animals in slaughter house.
These were great professional field activities that students can gain knowledge and skills
during 16 days of field work.
Hargeisa milk market, it is easy to found several kinds of milk like camel, cattle and goat
milk but they are stored in uncovered vessels which are exposed for contamination. Hundreds
of animals were inspected in Hargeisa slaughter house and several gross lesions were found,
there is only three meat inspectors in the slaughter house, the inspectors and the slayers do
not use gloves to protect them selves and the product from contamination.
The area of the slaughter house for slaying is too small and is cleaned with detergents instead
of other solutions like chlorides.
The animal slayers in Hargeisa slaughter house are not trained for animal welfare, they
slaughter the animal in front of the others and even the camel slayers beat the animal with
huge sticks on the head and neck region until it falls down.
In Berbera the quarantine station, laboratory and the port were visited to analyze the
infrastructures and the activities going on there. Both quarantine and laboratory are fully
functional and have their essential requirements except plantations supposed to plant
since they can minimize the effect of the windy and hot climate.
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It was pointed all the certification procedures like inspection form, health and vessel
certificates during the exporting of the animals.
2.4.2 Recommendation:
Although the objectives for this report was achieved ,there were same constraint that had
been met during the field work activities such as no enough transportation facilities and the
period of field attachment which was very short per report required for the students .
There fore its being recommended that STVS administration solve these constraints that
might arise during field attachment. On the other hand the areas visited had the same sort of
constraint.
After the analyses of the conditions detailed in the content and summarized in the
Conclusion, I suggested the following recommendations.
I would suggest to the international organizations to built new slaughter house
and livestock market in Hargeisa city since the current ones are insufficient to the
community according to the number of the animals and to improve the old
infrastructures of Hargeisa and Wajaale livestock markets like sheds, ramp and the
crush pen of Wajaale
The government should increase the number of meat inspectors and train the slayers
for the animal welfare
Both meat inspectors and slayers must use their protective equipments like gloves
to protect the product as well as them selves
The government must bring suitable solutions for the cleaning of the slaughter
houses and encourage the milk sellers to use covered vessels instead of uncovered
ones.
To provide building new crashes in wajale to be capable of proper vaccination of
animals.
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2.4. 3 Annex one:
Pictures of field work report:
Hargeisa Livestock Market Loading Ramps in Hargeisa livestock market
Carcass hangs from the hooks; ready to process Students performing meat inspection