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7/29/2019 Moisture adsorption isotherm of Actinopyga miliaris
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0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
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5.0
6.0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
EMC(%drybasis)
aw
Moisture AdsorptionIsotherm of Sea cucumber
(Ac t inopyga m il iar is)
ENDMETHODSROLINTRO
1
Christine Joy Allas
R&D S&C REC
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BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Sea cucumber
KINGDOM:Animalia
PHYLUM: Echinodermata
CLASS: Holothuroidea
ORDER: Aspiodochirotida
FAMILY: Holothuriidae
GENUS: ActinopygaSPECIES: miliaris
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ENDMETHODSROLINTRO R&D S&C REC
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Dried sea cucumber is the 8th major fishery export interms of value as of year 2011 amounting to 730 MTsold at 8,228 USD or 354,471 Pesos (BFAR, 2011)
Sea cucumbers are harvested for food consumptionand its pharmaceutical benefits
A kilo of high value species can be sold up to 4000
Php. And low value species can still be sold at380Php
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
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ENDMETHODSROLINTRO R&D S&C REC
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BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Source: Brown, E.O. Et al., 2010
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ENDMETHODSROLINTRO R&D S&C REC
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Project Title:Enhancing Philippine Sea Cucumber Industry throughAppropriate Processing Technology
PCAARRDs Program Title:Increasing Sea cucumber Culture Production andValue of Dried Sea cucumber Products
Moisture Adsorption Isotherm of Sea cucumber
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
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ENDMETHODSROLINTRO R&D S&C REC
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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Moisture sorption isotherm provides thermodynamicproperties needed for the design and optimization ofdrying process of sea cucumber (Actinopyga miliaris)
MSI are also used to predict shelf life
This study will be a contribution to PCAARRDsprogram
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ENDMETHODSROLINTRO R&D S&C REC
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To develop a mathematical model foradsorption isotherms of A. miliaris
To determine the effects of temperatureon sorption isotherms of A. miliaris
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
To determine the shelf life ofA. miliarispacked in polyethylene film
1
2
3
To determine the adsorption isotherms ofActinopyga miliaris
The general objective of the study is
The specific objectives are
7
ENDMETHODSROLINTRO R&D S&C REC
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SCOPE AND LIMITATION
This study determined only the adsoprtion isothermsof the species Actinopyga miliaris
At varying temperature of 30, 45 and 60 C
And equilibrium relative humiditiesranging from 11-50%
Each set-up was done in duplicatewith two samples per set-up (total of 4 replicates)
Size of polyethylene films used: smallest availablesize available in PHTRC
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ENDMETHODSROLINTRO R&D S&C REC
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TIME AND PLACE OF STUDY
February 2012 to September 2013
Grain Laboratory, ABPROD, CEAT, UPLB
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ENDMETHODSROLINTRO R&D S&C REC
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE
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Beche-de-mer Industry Moisture Content Water Activity Moisture Sorption Isotherms Moisture Sorption Isotherm Determination Shelf Life of Packaged Sea Cucumber
ENDMETHODSROLINTRO R&D S&C REC
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Beche-de-mer Industry
Beche-de-mer (French): The processed form of sea cucumber
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ENDMETHODSROLINTRO R&D S&C REC
Local Name: Balatan
Processing: evisceration-> boiling-> burial indamp sand -> removalof external coat ->
reboiling-> sun drying
Proximate Analysis:
Moisture 17%Protein 43%Minerals 21%Fat 2%Soluble Ash 7%
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Moisture Content
Moisture Content: the ratio ofthe amount of water presentin the material to its totalweight
Equilibrium moisturecontent (EMC) - a pointwhere the vapor pressureof material is equal to thevapor pressure of its
surroundings at constanttemperature and relativehumidity
()
()
MCwb = % moisture content in wet basisMC
db= % moisture content in dry basis
mw = mass of wet materialmd = mass of dry material
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ENDMETHODSROLINTRO R&D S&C REC
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Water Activity
The measure of the energy status of water in thematerial
Where:
aw= water activity
p = partial pressure of water in the material at a given temp
Po = vapor pressure of material at same tempERH = equilibrium relative humidiy
%
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ENDMETHODSROLINTRO R&D S&C REC
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Moisture Sorption Isotherms
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ENDMETHODSROLINTRO R&D S&C REC
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Moisture Sorption Isotherms
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ENDMETHODSROLINTRO R&D S&C REC
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Sorption Isotherm Determination
Controlled
EMCMeasured
RHConstant
T
ControlledRH
MeasuredEMC
ConstantT
GravimetricMethod
Static
Dynamic
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ENDMETHODSROLINTRO R&D S&C REC
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Sorption Isotherm Determination
Salt Solution
ERH (%)
T=30C T=45C T=60C
Lithium chloride (LiCl) 11.28 11.16 10.95
Potassium acetate (CH3CO2K) 21.61 19.8 18.00
Magnesium chloride (MgCl) 32.40 31.10 29.26
Potassium carbonate (K2CO3) 43.10 42.06 42.12
Sodium dichromate (Na2Cr2O7) 52.5 48.5 44.4
ERH of different salt solutions at 30, 45 and 60C.
Source: Greenspan (1976); Greenspan, 1977 and Labuza et al., 1985 as cited by Gazor, 2010
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ENDMETHODSROLINTRO R&D S&C REC
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Mathematical Models of SorptionIsotherm
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MSI could be expressed mathematically throughthese models
TheoreticalEmpirical
Semi-empirical
LinearNon-linear
Regresssional
ENDMETHODSROLINTRO R&D S&C REC
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Shelf Life of Packaged SeaCucumbers
Food Packaging: necessary to ensure food safetyand quality
,=
,
is the thickness of packaging material (m)
W is the weight of the product (kg)
P is the permeability of the material (kgm/m2dkPa)
A is the area of the package (m2
)p
satis the water vapor pressure of pure water at storage temperature (kPa)
RHo is the relative humidity outside the package (%)
RHi is the relative humidity inside the package (%)
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ENDMETHODSROLINTRO R&D S&C REC
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R&D
Sample Conditioning
Sample Conditioning
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ENDMETHODSROLINTRO S&C REC
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EMC determination
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R&D ENDMETHODSROLINTRO S&C REC
Preparation os salt solutions EMC determinationSystem set-up
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EMC determination
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R&D ENDMETHODSROLINTRO S&C REC
EMC determinationSystem set-up Preparation os salt solutions
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EMC determination
The samples will be subjected to thesalt with lowest ERH (Lithiumchloride)
The samples will be weighed ideallyevery two hours
Recording of actual temperature
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R&D ENDMETHODSROLINTRO S&C REC
Preparation os salt solutions EMC determinationSystem set-up
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Adsorption Isotherm Modeling
Selection of best modelCurve Fit
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R&D ENDMETHODSROLINTRO S&C REC
MODEL NAME MODEL EQUATION
Modified Chung-Pfost1
( + )
Modified Henderson3
( )
+
Modified Oswin1 + [
]
Guggenhein-Anderson-
de Boer(GAB)2
( ) ( + )
Brunauer-Emmet-Teller
(BET)2 ()
( + ())
Modified Smith3 + ( + )
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Adsorption Isotherm Modeling
Selection of best model Selection of best modelCurve Fit
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R&D ENDMETHODSROLINTRO S&C REC
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Estimation of Shelf Life
CalculationExperimental Procedure
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R&D ENDMETHODSROLINTRO S&C REC
Drying to 2% MC Packing
Weighing of Samples Recording of actual
Temperature Recording of actual
RH
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Estimation of Shelf Life
CalculationExperimental Procedure
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R&D ENDMETHODSROLINTRO S&C REC
Linear equation from best model obtainedERH=a+b(MC)
WVTR
,=
,
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Fluctuating weight of samples at 30% RHCrystalization of salts
Stabilization of weight:11% and 20%: 1 week30%, 40% and 50%: 4 weeks
Actual temperature is close to ambient/controllersetting
EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS
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ENDROLINTRO S&C RECR&DMETHODS
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EQUILIBRIUM MOISTURE CONTENT
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ENDROLINTRO S&C RECR&DMETHODS
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0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
EMC(%drybasis)
aw
Figure 4-1. Moisture Sorption Isotherm
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SORPTION ISOTHERM MODEL
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ENDROLINTRO S&C RECR&DMETHODS
0.0
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0 0.2 0.4 0.6
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drybasis)
aw
Figure 4-1. Moisture Sorption Isotherm
GAB Model
R2=0.0985RMSE=0.14192 =0.0557
30
45
60
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ESTIMATION OF SHELF LIFE
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ENDROLINTRO S&C RECR&DMETHODS
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
EM
C(%)
Day
1 mil
1.5 mil
2 mil
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GAB model
Temperature has no significant effect
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Increased thickness of PE film willprolong storage ofA.miliaris
1
2
3
To determine the adsorption isotherms ofActinopyga miliaris
The general objective of the study is
32
ENDMETHODSROLINTRO RECS&CR&D
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Increase range of water activity
Reduce duration of experimentUse more samples and get EMC simultaneously fordifferent RH
Use same package sizeUse samples of equal or almost equal weights
RECOMMENDATION
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ENDROLINTRO R&DMETHODS
1
2
3
RECS&C
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THANK YOU!
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ENDMETHODOLOGYREVIEW OF LITERATUREINTRODUCTION