Molecules of LifeSection 3.3

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What do we know? What elements do the symbols C, H, O,

and N represent? In your group, Write the names of these

elements on a piece of paper. Then list as many things (both living and nonliving) as you can that contain each element.

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Organic Compounds Organic Compounds- almost all

compounds containing carbon. Living things also contain inorganic

compounds (do not contain carbon). Four groups of organic compounds are

important to living things: Carbohydrates Proteins Nucleic Acids Lipids

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Proteins Made up of long chains of amino acids

Amino Acid- simple molecules that contain C, O, H, and N. (20 different amino acids)

Specific amino acid and their arrangement determine the shape of the protein.

Cells use proteins to: Build and repair body parts Speed up chemical reactions Protect the body from disease

Human body contains more than 100,000 different types of protein molecules, each with its own function.

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Carbohydrates Most living things use carbohydrates to

store energy. Made up of: Carbon, Hydrogen, and

Oxygen atoms. Two classes of Carbohydrates:

Starches (complex carb. molecules) Sugars (simple carb. Molecules)

Sugars and starches are broken down into simple sugars in living things. Simple sugars- (glucose) provide fuel for

energy.

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Lipids Contain: Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen Lipids do no mix with water. Three types of lipids: fats, oils, and

waxes. Body uses lipids for energy storage,

drawing on them when carbohydrates are not available.

Lipids can contain twice the amount of energy as the same amount of carbohydrate.

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Nucleic Acids Large organic molecules that store and

process the information the cell needs to carry out its activities.

Stored information is copied and passed along to new generations.

Two types: DNA and RNA DNA stores the information RNA-where DNA is copied to be

transported to other parts of the cell.

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What have we learned?1. What are organic compounds? Name and

describe three types of organic compounds.2. Why are nucleic acids important to living

things?3. What might happen if you did not eat enough

foods high in carbohydrates?4. Decide if the following substances contain

carbon compounds. Explain your conclusions.a. Waterb. Ketchupc. Appled. Table salte. Sandf. Butter

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