Monday December 16th 2013QU: Why do we breathe?

**Need book the rest of the Semester**

OBJ: Biome Video: Frozen Tundra

“Cockroaches can live for 9 days after their head has been cut off.”

Tuesday December 17th 2013QU: How does cellular respiration allow

life to continue?

**CR Project Due Friday!!**

OBJ: Finish Biome, Over Test, Start PRJ

Cellular Respiration

Plants and Animals…

Plants - Autotrophs: ◦self-producers.

Animals - Heterotrophs: ◦consumers.

In what organisms does cellular respiration take place?

WHY? (cont.)

Cellular respiration’s main function◦Turn glucose into useable ATP

◦38 ATP per Glucose molecule ◦Also forms carbon dioxide and water

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (Glucose) (ATP)

WHERE?

Cellular Respiration occurs in the…◦Cytoplasm

Glycolysis---Cytosol (Cytoplasm)◦Mitochondria

Krebs Cycle—Mitochondrial Matrix Electron Transport Chain/ATP Synthase---Inner

Mitochondrial Membrane

Where does Cellular Respiration occur?

WHERE? (cont.)

Innermembrane

Outermembrane

Innermembrane space

Matrix Cristae

What happens in Cellular Respiration?

Thursday December 19th 2013QU: How do you think cellular respiration is

similar to our respiration?

**Make sure to BRING YOUR BOOK!!!*

OBJ: CR Notes and CR Prj

“The warmest temperature ever recorded on Antarctica was 3 degrees F.”

WHAT?

Cellular Respiration:◦catabolic, exergonic, oxygen (O2) requiring

process that uses energy to extract energy (ATP) from macromolecules (glucose). Catabolic: Rxn that breaks molecules down Makes CO2 and H2O as well as energy (ATP)

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (Glucose) (ATP)

AMP, ADP, ATP

Adenosine Tri-Phospate:◦Made of three things

1.) Ribose (sugar) 2.) Adenosine (base) 3.) Three phosphates

◦ Key to the activity of ATP

AMP, ADP, ATP

ATP works by losing the end most phosphate.

As the molecule goes from ATP to ADP to AMP it loses a phosphate.

◦With each lost phosphate more energy is released

This reaction releases a lot of energy, which the organism can then use to build proteins, contract muscles, etc

ATP to ADP To ADP releases energy

AMP

ADP ATP

HOW: Steps of Cellular RespirationGlycolysis and Krebs Cycle

and Substrate Level Phosphorylation

WHAT? (cont.)

Cellular Respiration is broken into three main parts.◦1.) Glycolysis: splits sugar (glucose)◦2.) Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle): Extracts the

energy from glucose◦3.) Electron Transport Chain/ATP Synthase:

Turns the energy into ATP for the body to use

**In total makes 38 ATP**

Glycolysis

Occurs in the cytoplasm just outside of mitochondria.

Two phases:A. Energy investment phase

-Put energy in

B. Energy yielding phase-Get energy out

Glycolysis: Step 1

Energy Investment Phase: must put in 2 molecules of ATP to start Cellular Respiration

Glucose (6C)

Glyceraldehyde phosphate (2 - 3C) (G3P or GAP)

2 ATP - used0 ATP - produced0 NADH - produced

2ATP

2ADP + 2P

C-C-C-C-C-C

C-C-C C-C-C

Glycolysis: Step 2

Energy Yielding Phase: Rewarded for your investment by 4 ATP molecules

Glyceraldehyde phosphate (2 - 3C)

Pyruvate (2 - 3C)

0 ATP - used4 ATP - produced2 NADH - produced

4ATP

4ADP + 4P

C-C-C C-C-C

C-C-C C-C-C

GAP GAP

(PYR) (PYR)

Glycolysis: The final picture

Total Net Yield:

2 - 3C-Pyruvate (PYR)2 - ATP(You put in two ATP and made for so total you have is 2 ATP)

2 - NADH

Thursday December 19th 2013QU: How is energy released from the ATP?

*CR Project Due Friday at the end of the hour*

OBJ: C.R. Notes and C.R. Project

“The warmest temperature ever recorded on Antarctica was 3 degrees F.”

“The In-between”

The 2 Pyruvates (PYR) (3 Carbons) lose one carbon each.

Now they each have only 2 carbons and are called Acetyl CoA

C-C-C C-C-C (PYR) (PYR)

C-C C-CAcetyl CoA Acetyl CoA

Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

Location: Mitochondrial Matrix

Acetyl CoA (2C) bonds to Oxalacetic acid (4C - OAA) to make Citrate (6C).

It takes 2 turns of the krebs cycle to oxidize 1 glucose molecule.◦Oxidize: remove electrons for energy

MitochondrialMatrix

Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

Total net yield (2 turns of Krebs Cycle)

1. 2 - ATP

2. 6 – NADH

3. 2 - FADH2

4. 4 - CO2

Friday December 20th 2012QU:

OBJ: C.R. Notes and Project

“In 1845 Boston had an ordinance banning bathing unless you had a doctor's prescription.”

Step Location Net Gain of ATPs1. 2.

*CR Project Due Today at the end of the hour***CR Quiz on Friday**

***Journals Due Friday***

Steps of Cellular RespirationElectron Transport Chain (ETC)

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Location: inner mitochondrial membrane.

ETC and ATP Synthase (enzyme) make ATP.

ETC is a series of transport proteins that pump H+ and electrons across the inner membrane to make ATP and Water.

InnerMitochondrialMembrane

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

All NADH and FADH2 converted to ATP during this stage of cellular respiration.

Each NADH converts to 3 ATP.Each FADH2 converts to 2 ATP.

Water is also made

Electron Transport Chain

Total ATP Yield…

Total ATP Yield

1. 04 ATP – Glycolysis and Krebs cycle2. 34 ATP - ETC 38 ATP – TOTAL NET Yield

ETC Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbJ0nbzt5Kw&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1

Fermentation

Makes ATP without oxygen◦Anaerobic Process

Only uses glycolysis

Fermentation

Net gain of 2 ATP◦By product is CO2 and alcohol in plants◦By product is lactic acid in humans

The burn you feel when you exercise

Friday December 20th 2013QU:

OBJ: Cellular Respiration Notes and PRJ

Stage of Cellular Respiration

Location of Stage

# of ATPs Produced (Net Gain)

**CR Project Due at end of Hour**

HAPPY BREAK! BE SAFE and MAKE GOOD DECISIONS!

Monday January 6th 2014QU: Are there more ATPs produced in

Cellular Respiration or Fermentation?

**Test 1/8 On Chapter 7**

OBJ: Over Project, Practice Quiz

Tuesday January 7th 2014QU:

**Cellular Respiration Test on WedNesday**

OBJ: Cellular Respiration Review

Stage of Cellular Respiration

Location of Stage

# of ATPs Produced (Net Gain)

Binder Organization: Ch 7

Chapter 7 Hand Written NotesCellular Respiration ProjectCellular Respiration Practice QuizCellular Respiration Graphic OrganizerCellular Respiration Chapter ReviewChapter 7 Test Answer Sheet

WedNesday January 8th 2013QU: How did you study for this test?

**Chapter Review to the HW Bin**

OBJ: Cellular Respiration Test, Org Binder