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Abstracts of Mongolian Journal of Chemistry
Citation preview
MONGOLIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
MONGOLIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
№ 13 (39)
Ulaanbaatar
2012
Editorial board:
Editorial-in-Chief: Acad. Prof. Batsuren D
Dr.Minjigmaa A
Members: Acad. Amgalan J
Acad. Regdel D
Acad.Temuujin J
Sc.D. Avid B
Dr. Odontuya G
Dr. Bayarmaa B
Dr. Ganbaatar J
Dr. Bayarjargal M
Dr. Khasbaatar D
Dr.Enkhtuul S
Prepared by: M.S Otgonsuren D
MAS, 4th
building, Peace Avenue,
Ulaanbaatar 51, Mongolia.
Fax: 976-11-453133
email: [email protected]
Acad. Purevsuren B
Sc.D. Gan-Erdene T
ww w w .icct.mas.ac.mn
Preface
Mongolian Journal of Chemistry provides a unique forum for the publication of
significant and original work across a variety of disciplines including chemistry, biology,
physics, chemical engineering and material science, which is likely to be of interest to the
multidisciplinary community that the journal addresses. Readership-Mong.J.Chem coverage
is highly relevant to a variety of industrial and academic sectors including: pharmaceuticals;
plant chemistry, analytical science; coal and petrochemistry, bio- and nanotechnology and
material science.
The Editors
at
Mongolian Journal of Chemistry
are committed to publishing high
quality new work which makes a significant contribution to the both academic and industrial
sectors development. In order to meet this aim, submitted manuscripts were evaluated by the
professional Mong.J.Chem Editors to ensue they meet essential criteria for
publication in the
journal.
We thank you for your submission to our journal and look forward to get another
submission next year.
Organizing Committee:
Dr. Minjigmaa A
Dr.Bayarmaa B
Dr.Ariunaa A
Dr.Otgonjargal E
Contents
1. A new humic acid remedy with addition of silver nanoparticles
G.P.Alexandrova, G. Dolmaa, U.Enkhbadral, G.L.Grishenko, Sh.Tserenpil,
B.G.Sukhov, D.Regdel, B.A.Trofimov
2. Biochemical study on the meat and oil of Mongolian fishes
B.Chantsalnyam, Ch.Otgonbayar, P.Odonmajig
, N.Tsevegsuren
3. Catalase, protease and urease activity in some types of soil
D.Purev, J.Bayarmaa, B.Ganchimeg, B.Ankhtsetseg, O.Anumandal
4. Chemical composition and quality of some river of Mongol Altai
G.Erdenechimeg, Munguntsetseg
5. Coumarins of Peucedanum Baicalense and their cytotoxic activity
J. Ganbaatar, E.E.Shults,
Т.N.Petrova, M.М. Shakirov, D. Оtgonsuren, E.Munkhbat,
D. Badamkhand, А.G. Pokrovskii, G.А. Тоlstikov
6. Comparative study of essential oil constituents of Bupleurum species from
Mongolia
Sh.Altantsetseg, S.Shatar, N.Javzmaa
7. Comparison of hematological and histological analysis of Clinomon and
Litovit-M in mice
J.Oyuntsetseg, P.Odnoo, J.Ganbaatar, L.Mandakhsaikhan, L.Tsogtzandan
8. Determination of phenolic compounds in Moravian wines
S. Badamtestseg, Ignc Hoza, Pavel Valášek, Vlastimil Kubáň
9. Determination of Alkaloids from the aerial parts of Caryopteris mongolica Bunge.
M.Dumaa, Ya.Gerelt-Od, Zh.Puzhao, L.Yinggang, S.Javzan, D.Selenge, G. Zhang
10. The comparison between novel reagent H-142, H-143, H-145 and xanthate for
flotation behaviour of molybdenum-containing ores
Z.Zolzaya, G.Burmaa, S.Enkhtuul, D.Khasbaatar, M.Munkhshur, E.Otgonjargal
11. Investigation of glucan polysaccharide derived from Fomes fomentarius.
in Mongolia
Ts.Bolor, N.Erdenechimeg, B.Amartuvshin, L.Munkhgerel, P.Odonmajig
12. Investigation of medical mud from Holboolj lake
G.Dolmaa, B.Nomintsetseg, G.Ganzaya
13. Investigation on characterization and liquefaction of coals from
Tsaidamnuur and Khoot deposits
( L ) Fr.grow ing
7-11
12-15
16-18
19-22
23-27
28-30
31-36
37-40
41-45
46-48
49-54
55-57
S.Batbileg
, Ya.Dabaajav, B.Purevsuren, J.Namkhainorov
14. Investigation of phenolic compounds of Scabiosa comosa, structure
elucidation of cosmosine
D.Batsuren, A.Tuvshintugs, B.Ganpurev, B.Sodbayar, B.Enkhjargal, J.Tunsag
15. Phytochemical constituents on leaves of Mongolian Sea buckthorn (Hippophae
rhamnoides L.)
G.Davaakhuu, N.Tsevegsuren, Ts.Bulgan
16. Phytochemical and pharmacological study of Mongolian Traditional drug
GARIDI-5
E.Sugarjav, B.Uuganbayar, Z.Oyun, Z.Ariunaa,G.Davaakhuu, Ch.Chimedragchaa
17. Preliminary results on characterization of various coal combustion products
from Mongolian thermal power stations and their application for preparation
of geopolymers
A.Minjigmaa, Ts.Zolzaya, B.Davaabal, U.Bayarzul, J.Temuujin
18. Protein and amino acid compositions in some Mongolian wood-rotting fungi
Sh.Naranmandakh
19. Removal characteristics of arsenic by Fe-Mn layered double hydroxide
and double oxide
E.Otgonjargal, Kitae Baek, Ts.Batjargal, Jung-Seok Yang
20. Relationship between structure and thermodynamic activity of carbon black
A.M.Amdur, V.V.Pavlov, B.Purevsuren, L.Munkhtuul
21. Some phytochemical constutients and bioactivity of water- and ethanolic
extract of Rumex acetosella L
D.Punsaldulam, E.Munkhbat, D.Otgonsuren
22. Synthesis and their photodynamic activity of new Photosensitizers for PDT
B.Bayarmaa, Young Key Shim
23. Synthesis and catalytic test of bimetallic Pd-Ag nanoparticle prepared by the
impregnation method
Sh.Nyamdelger, G.Burmaa, Christian Weilach and Karin Föttinger
24. Spectroscopic study and implications for biological reactive oxygen space sensing
of the inorganic DMSO/POCl3 reaction with BODIPY
N.Amgalan, Taehong Jun, Kang Mun Lee, HyuDavid, G.Churchill
25. Study of biological activity compounds in some Mongolian medicinal plants
S.Bayaraa, J.Batkhuu, A.Byayanmunkh, L.Khurelbaatar
58-65
66-71
72-74
75-77
78-81
82-86
87-97
98-101
102-107
108-113
114-119
120-122
123-124
26. Study biological activity of alkaloid protopine
S.Javzan, Y.Jamyansan, R.I.Alexandrova, D.S.Bae
,
Ch.W.Nho
27. Study on the washability of Baganuur coal by using float sink test
A.Ariunaa, G.Tsatsral, J.Narangerel, R.Erdenechimeg,
B.Purevsuren, S.Jargalmaa
28. Study on biological activity of Hyoscyamus niger L. grown in Mongolia
J.Irekhbayar, G.Davaakhuu, S.Odontuya, Burm-Jong Lee
29. Use of modifed zeolites for chromium removal from tannery wastewater
D.Batgerel, S.Erkhembayar, E.Anudari, G.Ariunzul
J.Dugarjav,
125-133
134-138
139-142
143-145
A new humic acid remedy with addition of silver nanoparticles
G.P. Alexandrova1, G. Dolmaa
2, U.Enkhbadral
3, G.L.Grishenko
1, Sh.Tserenpil
2,
B.G. Sukhov1, D. Regdel
1, B.A.Trofimov
1
1Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of
RAS, Irkutsk, Russia 2Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology,
MAS, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
e-mail:[email protected]
ABSTRACT: Previously known biogenic stimulator humic acid (HA) was the subject of this current study and HA
based new remediation was developed by addition of silver (Ag) nanoparticles in its macromolecule. Extracted HA
from a healing mud was characterized and used as reducing agent for Ag ion as well as a stabilizer for the formed Ag
nanoparticles. The properties of the obtained hybrid composite were examined by XRD, UV and FTIR spectroscopic
techniques. The diameter of the nanoparticles in the HA polymer was up to 8.6 nm and they were identified to be
metallic Ag.
Keywords: Composite; Healing mud; Humic acid; Silver nanoparticles
INTRODUCTION
romatic nucleus and functional groups
in the HA molecule react with cell walls
of organisms and with receptors in a
derma; furthermore, it shows a therapeutic
effect by penetrating through tissues [1]. HA is
a major proportion of organic matters in
Mongolian healing mud [2] and it tends to form
an organomineral particles. A hypothesis,
therefore, was developed that HA may possess a
stabilizing character for metal nanoparticles as
other natural polymers do [3-4] and such
behaviour has been recently investigated [5].
Humic substances from the healing mud differ
from coal, turf and soil derived counterparts by
their low molecular weight and high content of
reactive functional groups [6]. Silver shows an
antibacterial characteristic in addition to its
chemical stability, good thermal and electrical
conductivity and catalytic properties. Therefore
organic and inorganic hydrid composites
bearing Ag nanoparticles were synthesized and
studied for a different purposes; for instance, as
medical preparations, antimicrobial coatings for
biomaterials, as well as film castings for
electronic and optoelectronic devices. The
formation of Ag nanoparticiples in a variety of
polymers (e.g., natural and syntetic) has been
examined as size and dispersion pattern of metal
particles were unique for each case. Also natural
polymers are biocompatible making them
particularly interesting for researchers.
For obtaining metal nanoparticles, the most
important controlling parameters include
reducing agent type, stabilizer and the matrix in
which nanoparticles are formed. Dendrimers
usually take on a spherical three dimensional
structure, which is very different from linear
polymers. Additionally, it is predicted that HA
may provide more active sites for stabilization
of metal nanoparticles.
Akaihge et al examined the formation of Ag
nanoparticle in the presence of HA (i.e, from the
fresh water and marine sediment) under
environmentally relevant conditions (e.g.,
concentration, pH and temperature), and
discussed the possible formation by the natural
processes and their stability depending on HA
A
7 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 13 (2012)
7-11
Biochemical study on the meat and oil of Mongolian fishes
B.Chantsalnyam1, Ch.Otgonbayar
1, P.Odonmajig
1, N.Tsevegsuren
2
1Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS
2School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, NUM
e-mail:[email protected]
ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine the meat quality and fish oil’s physical and chemical
characteristics of the Mongolian fishes: Syrok (Coregonus peled), and Lenok (Brachymystax lenok). Lipid content was
3.1 to 14.15%, moisture was 72.14 to 80.5%, protein content was 8.54 to 9.8% and total mineral element was 0.5 to
3.1%. The caloric value Lenok (Brachymystax lenok) was 68.7 and Syrok (Coregonus peled) - 142.8 Kj/100g,
respectively. Minerals included potassium (46.32 to 52.22%), phosphorous (39.06 to 41.3%), calcium (3.26 to 5.87%),
magnesium (2.08 to 3.97%) and silicon (1.14 to 2.24%), while zinc, iron and copper were present intrace amounts.
Eight non essential amino acids with total amount of 58.61 to 59.64% were identified, and histidine detected as in
highest value in all the species, followed by arginine. The data showed that the Mongolian fishes are of high nutritional
value and good source of proteins, minerals as well as non essential amino acids. The physical and chemical
characteristics of Syrok (Coregonus peled), and Lenok (Brachymystax lenok) fish oil were analyzed. These parameters
are: iodine value (IV), peroxide value (PV), acid value (AV), saponification value (SV), percentage of free fatty acid (%FFA), refractive index (RI) and colour.
The extracted lipid content obtained from muscles of Syrok and Lenok was about 14.15% and 3.1%. The percentages of
unsaturated fatty acids were higher than saturated fatty acids accounting for 74.37% and 25.6%, 83.83% and 16.46%
respectively.
Keywords: Syrok (Coregonus peled), Lenok (Brachymystax lenok), protein, fish oil,
macro- and micro-elements, amino acid, infrared spectrophotometer
INTRODUCTION
ish and other sea foods remain an
important source of white meat for the
human diet to its beneficial effect in
reducing coronary heart diseases. This effects
especially, due to the fat for the fish. Fishes
living in fresh water and ocean are contained
oils which used as food and in medicine. Fresh
water’s and ocean’s fish oil are contained 14-35
highly unsaturated fatty acids. The fatty acid
pattern of triacylglycerol and phospholipids of
various fish oils were also assessed [1].
Epidemiological studies on the last assure that
omega-3 fatty acids are derived from fish and
fish oil to decrease the risk of coronary heart
disease, hypertension and stroke, and their
complications [2]. The liver obtained from fish
has high pharmacological activity (serve as
hypolipidemic agent an antiarthristic agent) [1].
It is known to be that Mongolia is rich in fishes.
From ancient times Mongolian people have
been used fish oil as food and remedy in
traditional and physical treatment of some
illnesses. Therefore, we have used fish Syrok
(Coregonus peled) and Lenok (Brachymystax
Lenok) which are widely distributed in
Mongolia. The purpose of our study was
biochemical study of meat obtained from two
species of Syrok (Coregonus peled) and Lenok
(Brachymystax Lenok)
EXPERIMENTAL
Methods. Moisture content was determined by
gravimetric method. The ash content was
determined by incinerating in a muffle furnance
at 5500C. Composition of the ash was measured
F
12 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 13 (2012)
12-15
Catalase, protease and urease activity in some types of soil
D.Purev, J.Bayarmaa, B.Ganchimeg, B.Ankhtsetseg, O.Anumandal
School of Biology and Biotechnology, NUM
e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT: Enzymes in the soil are closely related to the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the soil and regulate the formation of soil fertility, organic matter, nutrient mineralization and cycling in nature. Soil contains
phosphatase, urease, dehydrogenase, catalase, peroxidase, saccharase, protease, amylase, β-glucosidase, arylsulphatase
and other enzymes. The purpose of the given work was estimation of catalase protease and urease activity on three
different types of soil as high mountained steppe and dry steppe roughly humusified soil; mealy brown carbonated soil
and mountain meadow forest soil which are common in the mountain and steppe regions of our country in correlation
with soil depth and anthropogenic impacts. In all soil samples the highest enzymatic activities were detected in the
depth of 0-15 cm from the soil surface. For all soil samples the enzymes activities decreased more rapidly with
increasing soil depth affected to anthropogenic impacts in comparison with samples not exposed to human impacts.
Keywords: soil enzymes, catalase, protease, urease, anthropogenic impacts
INTRODUCTION
nzymes in soils mainly come from
plants, soil animals and microorganisms
and connected covalently, crosslinked,
copolymerized, adsorbed and included in the
microcapsules of soil particles (Girish S., Ajit
V., 2011). Soil enzyme activities vary
seasonally and have been related to soil
physiсo-chemical characters, microbial
community structure, vegetation, disturbance
and succession (Caldwell B. A. (2005). That is
why soil enzymes play an important role in
formation, converting and decomposition of
organic matter to the plant digestible forms,
decomposition of xenobiotics, involved in the
nitrogen and other elements cycle and life
cycling of soil microorganisms (Schaller K.,
2009). Nowaday soil enzyme activities have
been used as indicators in evaluation of soil
quality, climate changes, destruction and
toxification in ecosystems. Protease (EC 3.4.4…)
in soil plays a significant role in nitrogen
mineralization, more active in soils with a high
water and humus content forest soils and
landfills. Activity of this enzyme does not
depend on microbial community of soils and
expresses the biological activity of the soil. The
enzyme associated with soil fertility, regulating
the amount of available nitrogen in plant and
plant growth. (Girish S.et al., 2011). Peroxide in
soil is formed during respiration and oxidation
of organic matter (Andersen D.W., Gregorich
E.G., 1980). Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) decomposes
peroxide and its activity depends from organic
oxygen concentration, microbe biomass,
changes in CO2, and depends from
dehydrogenase, amidase, glucosidase and
esterase activity in soils. Therefore an important
indicator of soil fertility and aerobic
microorganisms (Burns R.G., 1982). Urease (EC
3.5.1.5) activity in soils depends from organic
and inorganic matter content; especially urease
is very sensitive to heavy metals (Girish S.et al.,
2011).
EXPERIMENTAL
Three types of soils samples were used in our
study (table 1). In all soil samples moisture,
soluble protein, protease, catalase and urease
activities were estimated.
E
16 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 13 (2012)
16-18
Chemical composition and quality of some river of Mongol Altai
G.Erdenechimeg1, Munguntsetseg
2
1School of Pharmacy, HSUM
2Faculty of Chemistry, NUM
e-mail:[email protected]
ABSTRACT: Main ions and guality of Hovd River and, its subrivers were studied.
Keywords: Hovd River, main ions, mineralization
INTRODUCTION he surface water of Mongolia is classified
into three groups according to its watershed;
Arctic Ocean, Pacific Ocean and Continental watershed. The continental watershed involves 68 %
of the surface area of Mongolia and 40 % of water
capacity. The system of Khovd River is in Khyargas Lake Basin. The system of Khovd River involves 99
% of surface area of Bayan-Ulgii province, 21.0 %
of surface area of Khovd province and 21.0 % of
surface area of Uvs province. Khovd river is the seventh longest and the fifth largest river in
Mongolia. Its source is the top glacials of Altai
Tavan Bogd Mountains and it flows to Khar-Us Lake. Several other rivers, Tsagaan, Ikh, Uigar,
Sogoo, Sagsai, Khatuu, Khavchig, Shijigt, Uliastai,
Shurag, Shiver, whose sources are in the glacials of Altai Tavan Bogd mountains flow to Khovd river.
G.N. Potanin /1883/, B.A. Smernov /1932/,
N.D.Bespalov /1951/, Sh.Luwsandorj /1959, 1968/,
D.Dawaasuren /1961/, N.Tsend, Sh.Sodnombaljer /1964/, J.Tserensodnom /1971, 1975/, B. Tsendee
/1980/, B. Ariyadagva /1985/ did hydrochemical
studies from the points of the sample from Hovd river. According to the classification of O.A.Alekin
from that research result Khovd river and its
subrivers and lakes waters belong to the group of
hydrocarbonate with low mineralization and low hardness water. Beside that do some research and
summerize some materials, determine the
composition water from Mongol Altai mointain, water gualified estimation, defermine pollution
source, collect some etalon materials.
EXPERIMENTAL Hydrochemical studies of the water samples were
done using methods of O.A.Alekin (1973),
U.U.Lurie (1971-1947) V.Leite (1975), L.P.Sokolova (1989), L.A.Reznikov (1970),
D.Darimaa (1985), A.Munguntsetseg (2003). We
have taken samples from the points of Khovd river and its subrivers, and determined the location of
groundwater by JPS until October, 2010. We did
chemical composition analysis complex in Barnayl
Laboratory of water institution in Russia
Figure 1. The points of the sample
T
19 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 13 (2012)
19-22
Coumarins of Peucedanum baicalense and cytotoxic
activity of some isolated coumarins
J.Ganbaatar1, E.E.Shults
2, Т.N.Petrova
2, M.М.Shakirov
2, D.Оtgonsuren
1,
E.Munkhbat1, D.Badamkhand
1, G.A.Tolstikov
2, D.Batsuren
1
1Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS
2Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SO RAN
ABSTRACT: It was shown that the plant Peucedanum baicalense (Redow.) Koch is the source of valuable coumarins.
Five linear furocoumarins – isoimperatorin, fellopterin, 8-(1,1-dimethylallyloxy) bergapten, deltoin and marmesin were
isolated from the roots of Peucedanum baicalense (Redow.) Koch. The structures of these compounds were elucidated
by spectroscopic methods. The cytotoxicity of isoimperatorin, fellopterin, 8-(1,1-dimethylallyloxy)bergapten and
deltoin was studied on models of human СEM-13, MT-4 and U-937 tumor cells. Compound 8-(1,1-
dimethylallyloxy)bergapten had the greatest cytotoxicity.
Keywords: Peucedanum baicalense, furocoumarins, isoimperatorin, fellopterin, 8-(1,1-dimethylallyloxy)bergapten,
deltoin, cytotoxic activity, tumor cells, X-ray analysis
INTRODUCTION
lants of the genus Peucedanum sp. attract
an attention of many researchers as a
source of coumarins. Previously, we
isolated pyranocoumarin (+)-pterixin from
Peucedanum terebinthaceum Fischer et Turcz.
of the Mongolian flora [1]. Plants belonging to
Peucedanum species characterized as the source
of angular furocoumarins [2]. Coumarins are
considered as phytoalexins since plants produce
them as defence substances when wounded or
attacked by other organisms. Coumarins can be
suggested to be beneficial for the plants
themselves as natural biocontrolling
antipathogenic compounds as well as for
humans as remedy for hyperproliferative skin
deseases and as reference compounds in various
bioactive tests. Furthermore, coumarin
containing plants are valuable as dietary
supplements on the basis of their mild
antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects.
Coumarins are also active in a plant
metabolism, taking part in growth regulation.
Peucedanum baicalense (Redow.) Koch is a
plant which widely spread throughout the
Mongolian territory [3]. To our knowledge a
systematic phytochemical investigation of this
plant has not been properly carried out yet. The
aim of this study was to investigate coumarins
of Peucedanum baicalense (Redow.) Koch and
cytoxic activity some of the pure coumarins.
EXPERIMENTAL
Roots of P. baicalense were
collected near the place Baruun buren, Selenge
aimag, Mongolia in its butonization-flowering
period in 2012.
. Air-dried ground
roots of Peucedanum baicalense (Redow.) Koch
(400 g) were exhaustively extracted by
maceration with 96% EtOH (3x500 ml) at room
temperature. The EtOH extract was evaporated
to an aqueous residue, which diluted with
distilled water (1:1), and filtered. The filtrate
was fractionated by solvents with increasing
polarity, i. e., n-hexane, diethyl ether and
ethylacetate, respectively. Each fraction was
condensed by a rotatory evaporator. Then, the
fractions were separated by column
chromatography over silica gel.
P
23 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 13 (2012)
23-27
Plant material.
Extraction and fractionation
Comparative study of essential oil constituents of Bupleurum
species from Mongolia
Sh.Altantsetseg, S.Shatar, N.Javzmaa
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Ttechnology, MAS
e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT: Essential oils have been isolated from the Mongolian plant species Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd, Bupleurum sibiricum Vest and Bupleurum multinerve DC by a hydro distillation method. The compositions of the
essentials oils were analyzed by GC and GC-MS methods. Indicating the following main constituents: limonene
(15.21%), p-cymene (11.54%), (E)-β-ocimene (10.50%), myrcene (8.09%), sabinene (6.56%), α-pinene (6.33%),
germacrene-D (4.08%), β-pinene (3.13%), δ-cadinene (2.73%), spathulenol (2.71%) and caryophyllene oxide (2.53%)
for B.scorzonerifolium; caryophyllene oxide (16.97%), spathulenol (7.25%), pentodecane (6.33%), α-pinene (4.20%),
limonene (3.30%), myrcene (3.09%), cis-carvylacetate (1.69%) and β-cubebene (1.43%) for B.sibiricum; germacrene-D
(19.41%), (E)-β-ocimene (18.63%), myrcene (9.13%), limonene (7.81%), E-caryophyllene (4.60%), sabinene (2.80%),
β-elemene (2.72%), bicyclogermacrene, β-pinene, γ-terpinene, (Z)- β-ocimene (2.00-2.10%), and caryophyllene oxide
(1.11%) for B.multinerve.
Keywords: Bupleurum scorzonerifolium, B.sibiricum, B.multinerve (Apiaceae), essential oil
composition
INTRODUCTION
he genus Bupleurum is a very common
wild growing perennial and 150 species
of those originate from Euro-Asia[1].
The roots are collected in the spring and autumn
of those bitter herbs are used in herbal medicine
that contain rutin, quercetin, organic acids
(oleic, linolenic, palmetic, stearic et al),
stigmasterol and bupleuromol, as well as
calcium and potassium[2.3].
The Bupleurum root is considered an herbal
anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agent that
may be useful for treating rheumatoid arthritis
as well as it is a popular plant in traditional
medical systems in Europe and Asia with
reputation in treatment of chronic enlarged liver
or spleen which are caused by chemicals and
other hepatic affects, liver stasis, liver
congestion, depression and irregular
menstruation[5].
In Mongolian traditional therapy, the aerial
parts of Bupleurum species are used in some
cardiovascular diseases, in addition to infectious
diseases4. A literature search is revealed many
references of previous work those are on the
essential oils of Bupleurum species[6-8].
Volatile components of Bupleurum
scorzonerifolium and Bupleurum sibiricum from
the Mongolian flora have been
investigated[9,10] previously, while there is no
report on the volatile constituents of the aerial
parts of Bupleurum multinerve.
The aim of this paper was to investigate the
chemical compositions of the essential oils of
B.scorzonerifolium, B.sibiricum and
B.multinerve from the Mongolian forest-steppe
region.
EXPERIMENTAL
Plant material. The aerial parts of the
B.sibiricum Vest were collected from Zuun-
haraa of the Selenge aimag, B.multinerve DC
and B. scorzonerifolium Willd were collected
from Terelj, Hentii mountains in Mongolia
T
28 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 13 (2012)
28-30
Comparison of hematological and histological analysis
of “Clinomon” and “Litovit-M” in mice
J.Oyuntsetseg1, P.Odnoo
2, J.Ganbaatar
1, L.Mandakhsaikhan
1 L.Tsogtzandan
2
1Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS
2Mongolian International University
ABSTRACT: Based on earlier studies we activated Mongolian Tsagaantsav zeolite by tribo-mechanical avtivation and utilized it as a food additive, giving it the name Clinomon. This research is devoted to investigation whether the
supplementations of 2 levels (0.5%and 10%) of Clinomon and Litovit-M in the concentrate feed of mice have any
effects on their hematological parameters and compare parameters of Clinomon and Litovit-M.
Keywords: Tsagaantsav zeolite, Clinomon, Litovit-M, clinoptilolite, dietary supplement ,
hematological parameters, histo-pathology analysis.
INTRODUCTION
ongolia is rich in many types of
mineral resources; zeolite which has
unique properties is deservedly one of
them. Zeolite from the Mongolian Tsagaantsav
deposit has certain advantages like having
similar chemical composition and physico-
chemical properties to zeolite from the Russian
Kholinskii deposit. Based on earlier studies we
activated Mongolian Tsagaantsav zeolite by
tribo-mechanical avtivation and utilized it as a
food additive, giving it the name Clinomon. The
aim of this research was to investigate whether
the supplementations of 2 levels (0.5%and 10%)
of Clinomon and Litovit-M in the concentrate
feed of mice have any effects on their
hematological parameters and compare
parameters of Clinomon and Litovit-M.
Clinoptilolite were added to the standard mouse
ration. Four preparations differing in particle
size were tested: grilled by vibration mill (VC),
natural clinoptilolite (NC), tribomechanically
micronized clinoptilolite by attritor mill, named
Clinomon (MC) and Russian dietary
supplement Litovit-M (LM). A total of 54 CBA
strain mice were divided into 9 groups (n=6)
and supplied with food containing 0.5% or 10%
clinoptilolite powders. Two mice were
sacrificed from each group after 10, 20 and 30
days, and blood samples from these mice were
collected for hematological parameters and liver
and kidney were obtained for histopathological
analysis. The mice fed Clinomon and Litovit-M
didn’t lose weight. Liver and kidney
histopathology were not affected. Clinomon,
made by Mongolian Tsagaantsav deposit’s
clinoptilolite and Litovit-M, made by Russian
Kholinskii deposit’s clinoptilolite at the levels
of 0.5% and 10% in the concentrates doesn’t
have any adverse effect on RBC, WBC and
HGB. From these results, we concluded that
there were no significant differences between
Clinomon and Litovit-M on hematological and
histological analysis. In further, we should study
it in long term with large variants animals.
This paper was based on the animal welfare
application of zeolite. We focused more on
previous studies about biomedicine and the
animal nutrition of zeolite. Various biomedical
applications of natural zeolite. Clinoptilolite is
non-toxic and safe for use in human and
veterinary medicine. Animal fodder containing
zeolites has been shown to increase biomass
production in fisheries [1]
, to promote weight
M
31 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 13 (2012)
31-36
Determination of phenolic compounds in Moravian wines
S.Badamtestseg1, Ignc Hoza
2, Pavel Valбšek
2, Vlastimil Kubбň
3
1Department of Biological Active Products,
Drug Research Institute, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 2Department of Biochemistry and Food Analysis,
Tomas Bata University, Zlin, Czech Republic 3Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry,
Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
e-mail:[email protected]
ABSTRACT: Wines were made from Grьner Veltliner and Zweigelt and cultivars were grown in four different
geographical regions of Austria and Czech Republic; two wineries in Austria (Poysdorf, GroЯriedenthal) and two
wineries in the Czech Republic (Velkě Bнlovice, Bošovice). Eleven individual phenolics were quantified using a
HPLC/UV-VIS method.
Keywords: Moravian wine, phenolics, HPLC/UV-VIS, phenolic acids
INTRODUCTION
he phenols compounds in wine include a
large group of several hundred chemical
compounds, known as polyphenols that
affect the taste, color and mouthfeel of wine.
This large group can be broadly separated into
two categories
such as flavonoids and non-
flavonoids.
Flavonoids include anthocyanins
and tannins which contribute to the color and
mouthfeel of the wine. Non-flavonoids include
stilbenes sach as resveratrol and compounds
derived from acids in wine like benzoic, caffeic
and cinnamic acid.
White wine contains significantly lower
amounts of total polyphenols compared with red
wines, mainly hydroxycinnamic acids,
hydroxybenzoic acids and flavan-3-ols
[1].
As a material for winemaking, the phenolic
compounds of wine grape are one of the most
important aspects determining wine quality. A
large number of published works have focused
on the essential contributions of phenolic
profiles to wine quality and sensory properties
[2, 3].
The phenolic profiles in wine depend on the
phenols contained in the grapes, the extraction
parameters, yeast strain, processing enzymes,
cap management, and alcohol concentration [4,5], while the phenolic compounds of grapes
are affected by many factors such as genetic
variation, maturity, climatic and geographical
conditions [6,7]. Other factors that influence the
extent of phenolic extraction are the molecular
weight, size and type of phenolic molecules, the
surface area for the concentration gradient, other
temperature treatments including grape and
must freezing and thermovinification, and
factors that affect cell permeability [8]. In this study some flavonoids, phenolic acids,
flavonols and resveratrol were determined.
These compounds could be key agents of the
antioxidant action on the human metabolism
pathway, the reason why we wanted to obtain
indication to qualify the wine from a nutritional
point of view. Also, the environmental
condition (temperature, rainfall/humidity, high
above sea level and geochemical characteristics)
can affect the wine maturation and consequently
the concentration of its phenolic compounds.
T
37 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 13 (2012)
37-40
Two new alkaloids from the aerial parts of Caryopteris mongolica Bunge.
M.Dumaa1, Ya.Gerelt-Od
1, Zh.Puzhao
2, L.Yinggang
2, S.Javzan
1,
D.Selenge1, G.Zhang
2
1Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS,
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
2Chengdu Institute of Biology, CHAS,
Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Two new alkaloids moncaryopterine A and moncaryopterine B were isolated from the aerial parts of
Caryopteris mongolica Bunge. by the column chromatography and HPLC methods. Molecular structures of them were
elucidated by MS, 1H, 13C, HSQC, HMBC, 1H/1H COSY, and 1H/1H NOESY NMR methods.
Keywords: Caryopteris mongolica Bunge. Verbenaceae, alkaloids,
moncaryopterine A, moncaryopterine B
INTRODUCTION
aryopteris mongolica Bunge. is a
deciduous shrub and belongs to the
Verbenaceae family. It is widely
distributed throughout the Mongolian territory
[1]. In addition, this plant species grows in some
provinces of Hebei, Shanxi of Inner Mongolia
and Gansu, China [2]. In fact, Caryopteris
mongolica is only species grown in Mongolia,
whereas about 16 other species are discovered
in different places of the world.
In Mongolian traditional medicine aerial parts
of C. mongolica have been used for the
treatment of haemorrhage, chronic bronchitis
and for an increasing of the muscle strength and
urinary excretion [3]. In Chinese folk medicine
Caryopteris terniflora has been used as
antipyretic, expectorant and for the treatment of
tuberculosis, rheumatism and cold [4]. Some
species of Caryopteris are cultivated for a
decoration arrangement and ornamental
purposes.
Previous chemical investigations of Caryopteris
mongolica showed the presence of essential
oils, mono and sesquiterpenoids [5], hypolaetin-
7-glucoside [6], iridiod glucosides and steriods
[7, 8, 9]. Moreover, from other species of
Caryopteris iridoids, steroid glucosides,
phenylethanoids, diterpenoids, phenolic acids,
α-caryopterone, a new pyranojuglone,
clandonoside and its acetylated derivatives have
been isolated, respectively [10, 11, 12, 13, 14].
To the best of our knowledge there are no data
on alkaloids in all species of Caryopteris.
However, we are reporting here of the
molecular structure elucidation of two alkaloids
isolated from the aerial parts of C. mongolica.
EXPERIMENTAL
Plant material. The aerial parts of Caryopteris
mongolica Bunge. were collected from Terelj
Mountain chains, vicinity of Ulaanbaatar,
during the flowering period in August 2010. Dr.
B. Mandakh, Institute of Botany, MAS has
identified the plant species and voucher
specimen was deposited at the Herbariums of
the Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory,
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical
Technology of the Mongolian Academy of
Sciences.
Extraction and isolation of alkaloids. The air
dried and powdered aerial parts (3.3 kg) of
Caryopteris mongolica were extracted with
94% ethanol at room temperature for 3 times.
C
41 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 13 (2012)
41-45
The comparison between novel reagent H-142, H-143, H-145 and xanthate for
flotation behaviour of molybdenum-containing ores
Z.Zolzaya, G.Burmaa, S.Enkhtuul, D.Khasbaatar,
M.Munkhshur, E.Otgonjargal
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS
ABSTRACT: In this study, a novel flotation collector reagents were tested for molybdenum containing ore. H-142 (E)-
4-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-3-penten-2-one, H-143 (Z)-4-[(2-[(E)-1-methyl-3-oxo-1-byteny]) aminoethyl) amino]-3-
penten-2-one and H-145 (E)-4-[(6-[(E)-1-methyl-3-oxo-1-butenyl] aminohexyl) amino]-3-penten-2-one collector
reagents were used in flotation process for molybdenum containing ore. Maximum metal recoveries of molybdenum
were 63.61%, 67.80% and 68.13%, respectively. Molybdenum recovery of traditional collector butyl xanthate was
15.8%.
Keywords: Synthetic reagent, Flotation, Molybdenum, Collector
INTRODUCTION
olybdenum does not naturally occur
as a free metal on the Earth, but rather
in various states in minerals, which is
most frequently used as an alloying addition in
alloy and stainless steels [1]. Its alloying
versatility is unmatched because its addition
enhances strength, hardenability, weldability,
toughness, elevated temperature strength and
corrosion resistance.
Approximately, 50% all molybdenum
production comes from Cu-Mo ore as a by-
product [2]. Mongolia is a major producer and
exporter of copper and molybdenum
concentrate, accounting for 1.2% of the world's
molybdenum production [3]. Molybdenum
recovery of Erdenet mining what is only one
Cu-Mo mining industry in Mongolia is only
45%. It needs to find a way to increase
molybdenum recovery. One of main minerals of
molybdenum is molybdenite (MoS2) that begins
from primary process of geochemistry.
Flotation means to concentrate the minerals
according to their physical and chemical
diversity of surface, and specific character to be
soaked with water. A several chemicals of
different capacity are used in the flotation
process. Flotation chemicals are divided as
collector, coordinator and foaming according to
their purpose.
Here, we present the possibility use of novel
collector reagents such as (E)-4-[(2-
hydroxyethyl)amino]-3-penten-2-one (H-142),
(Z)-4-[(2-[(E)-1-methyl-3-oxo-1-byteny])
aminoethyl) amino]-3-penten-2-one (H-143)
and (E)-4-[(6-[(E)-1-methyl-3-oxo-1-butenyl]
aminohexyl ) amino]-3-penten-2-one) (H-145)
that recover the molybdenum from the Cu-Mo
ore and compare the result with the traditional
collector BX.
EXPERIMENTAL
Main analysis and experiments were carried out
in the laboratory of precious and rare metals,
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical
Technology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences
and Central Laboratory of Geology. Samples
were prepared from copper and molybdenum
ore of Erdenet mining in 2007. Novel reagents
H-142, H-143 and H-145 as collectors that
synthesized in the Irkutsk Institute of Organic
M
46 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 13 (2012)
46-48
Investigation of glucan polysaccharides derived from
Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr. grown in Mongolia
Ts.Bolor, N.Erdenechimeg, B.Amartuvshin, L.Munkhgerel, P.Odonmajig
1Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS
e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT: This study was aimed to analyze chemical composition and to isolate the glucan polysaccharides of fruiting bodies of F.fomentarius (L.) Fr. grown in Mongolia. Extraction with hot water (yield 0.91%) and alkali-
soluble extraction (yield 3.7%) were purified and examined by using PC, IR and viscometric analysis, respectively.
Water fraction showed mainly glucose, rhamnose and arabinose. This preparation contained 0.16% protein and
molecular weights were about 6829.3 Da. And Alkali- soluble extraction consist of glucose and rhamnose. The
molecular weight of these polysaccharides was 507.9 Da and contained 0.2% protein. Element analysis of Fomes
fomentarius (L.) Fr. showed that this fungus contains K, Mg, Ca, Zn and other elements favoring health.
Keywords: Fomes fomentarius ( L.) Fr., polysaccharide, monosaccharide, glucan
INTRODUCTION
edicinal mushrooms have been
widely used as tonic food and herb
remedy in many Asian countries since
ancient times. They comprise a vast and yet
largely untapped source of powerful new
pharmaceutical products and represent a source
of polysaccharides with antitumor and
immunostimulating properties [1, 2]. Therefore,
searching for alternative medicines and natural
therapeutics for cancer therapy, medicinal
mushrooms are among the most promising
targets. Fomes fomentarius (Tender polypore)
is a fungus of the Polyporaceae family. It is also
used to make a popular drink, which is believed
in Japan to be a tonic and to have an anticancer
effect. It has also been reported that Fomes
fomentarius has an inhibitory effect of virus
infection on plants [1]. The fruiting body has
been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for
many centuries for the treatment of various
diseases, including oral ulcer, gastro enteric
disorder, hepatocirrhosis, inflammation, and
various cancers. Recent study has shown that
F.fomentarius has the effect of being
antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and
antitumor activities [1, 3, 4]. As a result of its
perceived health benefits, F.fomentarius has
gained wide popularity as an effective medicine
and has become one of the valuable mushrooms
in China. The fall in supply and the increase in
demand have stimulated interest in the search
for substitutes of the natural products of the
fungus [5-10]. Also, methanol extract of
F.fomentarius had immunomodulatory activity
[1]. Wasser S.P and Weis A.L have shown that
the beta-glucans from fruiting body and
submerged and cultured mycelial biomass of
F.fomentarius had antitumor activity [11].
Mushroom’s polysaccharides, especially,
the high molecular weight β-D-glucan have
been considered to have anti-cancer activity.
Many polysaccharides (glucans) purified from
mushroom fungi belong to either homoglycans
or heteroglycans while others mostly bind to
protein residues as polysaccharide-protein
complexes. The fungal antitumor
polysaccharides are mainly present as glucans
with different types of glycosidic linkages, but
some are true heteroglycans. Glucan from the
M
49 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 13 (2012)
49-54
Investigation of medical mud from Holboolj Lake
G.Dolmaa, B.Nomintsetseg, G.Ganzaya
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS
e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT: We have studied physicochemical properties and yield of free and linked organic compound, mineral components, element and yield of macromolecular compounds of healing mud, which is collected from Holboolj Lake.
Minerals enter peloids underground as well as from the surface. They are leached out of the surrounding earth into the
peloid bed. We determined microcline -K(Si3AI)O8, quartz- SiO2 which is most common mineral on the face of earth
and albite - Na (AISi3O8) by X-Ray diffraction analysis. The organic matter of medical mud investigated using
chemical analysis and analytical technique. Some classes of biomolecules including humin, lipid, and carbohydrate
were identified. Humic acid which is the major part of peloid organic matter concentration varied 0.59% and 41.54% of
total organic matter of peloid. Composition of organic matter in peloid is to affect its chemical and physical property
and to empower bio-chemical process in mud. Holboolj Lake belongs to continental hydrosulfide peloid.
Keywords: peloid, hydrosulfide, mineral
INTRODUCTION
eloids are natural great product and multi-
component system, which consists of
minerals, water, salt, free and linked
organic matter and organo-mineral complex,
micro and macro elements, macromolecular
compounds. Peloids formed a very long period
of time by chemical, physical, biological and
geological processes, and that became
healthfulness.[1]The first recorded use of
medical mud goes back to ancient Greek but
research work of medical mud was not
performed until 19th century. Nowadays, many
country studied chemical composition and
properties of own country’s peloid. For
example, Russian scientists carried out
extensive research on the chemical nature and
therapeutic properties of the sapropel and peat.
There are more than hundred lakes with medical
mud in Mongolian but we have studied
physicochemical properties and some organic
compound of healing mud, which is collected
from 30 lakes. The main objective of this paper
is to determine the chemical, physical
composition of natural healing mud from
Holboolj Lake and to provide some fundamental
data which are useful to explain the therapeutic
effects of peloid.
EXPERIMENTAL
Sampling area. We selected and collected the
samples of the peloid from the bottom
sediments of the Holboolj Lake that located at
1330 m above the sea level and situated
southwest from Bogd sum, Baynkhongor
province. The size of the lake is 0.6 km by 1,2
km [2]. Water in this lake is highly mineralized.
Methods. For investigation we have used MNS
5849:2008 [3] standard for determination of
general characteristics of peloid and organic
matters isolated from dried peloids, that
preliminary washed by distilled water with the
purpose of cleaning from salts, consistently
extracted with hexane, chloroform, acetone, and
mixture of ethanol: benzene (1:9). The
concentration of total organic carbon (TOC)
was determined using rapid dichromate
oxidation of organic matter (Nelson and
Sommers, 1996). The composition of organic
compounds was determined by IR method. IR
P
55 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 13 (2012)
55-57
Investigation on characterization and liquefaction of coals
from Tsaidamnuur and Khoot deposits
S.Batbileg , Ya.Dabaajav, B.Purevsuren, J.Namkhainorov
Institiute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS
ABSTRACT: On the basis of proximate, ultimate, petrographic and IR analysis results have been confirmed that the
Khoot coal is a middle-rank D mark stone coal and Tsaidamnuur coal is a low-rank B mark lignite brown coal. The results of X-ray fluorescence analysis of coal ash show that the Khoot and Tsaidamnuur coals are subbituminous coal.
The ash of Khoot coal has an acidic character and the ash of Tsaidamnuur coal has an alkaline character. The results of
pyrolysis of Khoot coal at different heating temperatures show that a maximum yield-10,3% of liquid product can be
obtained at 600oC. Also the results of pyrolysis of Tsaidamnuur coal at different heating temperatures show that a
maximum yield-13,7% of liquid product can be obtained at 500oC. The results of thermal dissolution of Khoot coal in
tetralin with constant mass ratio between coal and tetralin (1:1,8) at 450oC show that 60,8% of liquid product can be
obtained after thermal decomposition of the coal organic mass. Also the results of thermal dissolution of Tsaidamnuur
coal in tetralin with constant mass ratio between coal and tetralin (1:1,8) at 450oC show that 80,0% of liquid product
can be obtained after thermal decomposition of the coal organic mass.
Keywords: pyrolysis, petrographic, mineral compounds, thermal dissolution
INTRODUCTION
oal has been believed to be the major
energy source and feedstock of chemical
industry among fossil resources in the
coming century because of its abundant
reserves and easy availability. Because of
instability on world oil market , the
diversification of energy carriers is practically
implemented in many countries with
involvement of various nontraditional types of
organic raw materials, primarily, coal, whose
reserves are much greater than oil and gas
reserves. Mongolia is the country of lack of oil
source with relative rich in coal resource.
Mongolia has 20 billion tons of proven coal
reserves and estimated resources totalling 163
billion tons, mostly of them is low-rank brown
coal, but remain undeveloped due to a lack of
infrastructure. Such reserves include the huge
Tavan tolgoi deposit in the South Gobi, which
contains over 5 billion tons of high quality stone
and coking coal, but lies more than 400 km
from the nearest railway. There is a large brown
coal basin (Jurassic origin), which contains the
Baganuur, Ovdogkhudag, Aduunchuluun,
Tevshiin govi, Khoot, Tsaidam nuur and Shivee
ovoo deposits and this is located in the central
economic region of Mongolia [1 ]. The most
important features of these deposits are accessed
by opencast mining and coal can be transported
using the nearby railway. In Mongolia coal is
currently the main energy carrier for thermal
power plants and local boiler houses and there is
almost no other form of large-scale coal
utilization industry [2 ]. Now Mongolia exports
about 15 million tons raw coal by trucks from
the South gobi to China. However, coal samples
from the Tavan tolgoi deposit have been
assessed for benefication [3] and coke
production [4 ], samples from Baganuur,
Bayanteeg and Shivee ovoo deposits as fuel for
pyrolysis [5], hydrogenation[6] and gasification
[7,8]. Also samples from Ovdogkhudag and
Aduunchuluun deposits have been assessed for
their liquefaction potential using facilities in
Japan [9]. However, the coals of Khoot and
C
58 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 13 (2012)
58-65
Investigation of Phenolic Compounds of Scabiosa comosa,
structure elucidation of cosmosine
D.Batsuren1, A.Tuvshintugs
1, B.Ganpurev
2, B.Sodbayar
2, B.Enkhjargal
1, J.Tunsag
1
1Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS,
2Health Sciences University of Mongolia
e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT: From the areal parts of Scabiosa comosa Fisch. has been isolated cosmosine. The structure was
confirmed by chemical and spectral analysis.
Keywords: Scabiosa comosa, flavonoid, cosmosine, phenolic compounds, diethyl ester of caffeic acid,
apigenin, apigenin-O-glycoside, NMR
INTRODUCTION
n traditional Mongolian medicine aerial
parts of Scabiosa comosa used for treatment
of diseases of urino-genital system and
kidney diseases.[1] From 88g ethylacetate
fraction of the aerial parts of Scabiosa comosa
isolated biologically active compound which
has yellow colour. This compound was
crystallized by chloroform-acetone mixture and
filtrated, after drying we obtained 5,9mg
compound (S-2) belonging to flavonoid group.
Compound S-2 separated by using of
chloroform-methanol (98:2) system as eluent.
This work is the continuation of previous work
[2,3] concerning to isolation of caffeic acid’s
diethyl ether and apigenin from Scabiosa
comosa. In papers [2,3] described this plant,
date of collection, methods for isolation of
compounds as well as chromatographical
methods. This paper contain material
concerning to isolation of S-2 (flavon
compound 7-O--D-glycopyranoside) and
structure elucidation by 1H,
13C NMR and two
dimensional spectral methods.
EXPERIMENTAL
For structure elucidation of compounds we used 1H,
13C NMR, DEPT, two dimensional (H-H-
2D COSY HSQC HMBC) spectral methods.
Spectra recorded on BRUKER 500MHz NMR
spectrometer. Solvent dimethyl sulfoxide
(DMSO) is used. Chemical shifts expressed
with ppm, spin-spin coupling – Hz, the quantity
of protons calculated by integral curve.
For structure elucidation of the compound S-2
we dissolved it in DMSO and recorded their 1H
NMR spectra (Pig.1).
According to 1H NMR spectra showed the
presence of two protons at chemical shift 7.96
ppm (2H, d, J=8Hz) and 6.93 ppm (2H, d,
J=8,5Hz), as well as two signals of aromatics
protons with J=8Hz. Thus, compound S-2 might
be included to flavones, 4’ position of C-cycle
substituted by functional groups. Because of
influence of substituted groups protons H-2’, H-
6’, H-3’, H-5’ transfer to magnitude equivalent
condition and detected signal of those two
proton. This is common properly of two
substituted aromatic protons and referred to
I
66 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 13 (2012)
66-71
Phytochemical constituents on leaves of Mongolian
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.)
G.Davaakhuu1, N.Tsevegsuren
1, Ts.Bulgan
2
1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, NUM,
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 2School of Technology MUST,
Darkhan, Mongolia
ABSTRACT: Sea buckthorn (H.rhamnoids L.), a member of the family Elaeagnaceae, is a deciduous spiny shrub or
small tree and widely distributed in cold regions of Mongolia such as Khangai, Mongol Daguur, Khovd, Mongol Altai,
Gobi Altai and Great Lakes regions. They are rich source of vitamins (especially vitamin C), sugars, organic acids and
bioactive compounds. We have conducted biochemical and phytochemical studies of leaves Mongolian Sea buckthorn varieties (Ayaganga, B-32, and Prevoskhodnaya). The contents of flavonoids and proteins in Mongolian sea buckthorn
leaves were ranged 0.29-0.35%, 16.43-19.50%. We conclude that leaves of Sea buckthorn growing in Mongolia contain
similar biologically active substances and vitamin C (110.8-154.3 mg%) like berries and might be serve as raw material
for producing of essential dietary products.
Keywords: Sea buckthorn, H.rhamnoids L., Elaeagnaceae
INTRODUCTION
ea buckthorn (H.rhamnoids L.), a member
of the family Elaeagnaceae, is a
deciduous spiny shrub or small tree
between 2-4 m high, hard, drought and usually
cold tolerant, useful for the land reclamation
and farmstead protection (Ligaa et al, 2005;
Camelia et al, 2008). Sea buckthorn (SBT) is
widely distributed in cold regions of Mongolia
such as Khangai, Mongol Daguur, Khovd,
Mongol Altai, Gobi Altai and Great Lakes
regions (Juuperelmaa, 2011). In Mongolia SBT
grows approximately 4000 hector area and
covers major part of the forest area in the region
and is being used as food and pharmaceutical
applications (Avdai, 2012).
All parts of Sea buckthorn are considered to be
rich source of a large number of bioactive
substances like flavonoids, carotenoids,
vitamins (C, E, K), tannins, phenols,
triterpenoids, glycerides, proteins, some
essential amino acids, minerals (Ca, Mg and K),
folic acid, free and esterified sterols and
isoprenols (Salenko et al, 1986; Uransanaa et al,
2003; Tiffany et al, 2005; Gupta et al., 2005; Zu
et al., 2006; Ranjith, 2009; Efterpi, 2012). The
plant has been used extensively in oriental
traditional system of medicine for treatment of
asthma, skin diseases, gastric ulcers and lung
disorders (Ligaa et al, 2005; Ranjith, 2009).
Besides the berries and seeds, leaves of Sea
buckthorn have also been reported as having
nutritional properties and have been used in
some countries to produce leaf extract, tea, tea
powder, animal feed, pharmaceuticals and
cosmetics (Tiffany et al, 2005; Suryakumar and
Gupta, 2011; Efterpi, 2012;). The phenolic
compounds found in the leaves have been
reported as useful antioxidants (Bandoniene et
al, 2000; Vaher and Koel, 2003). The
phytochemical information of Mongolian Sea
buckthorn leaves is scarce in the literature. In
this study were investigated in detail for
phytochemical composition and antioxidant
properties of Mongolian Sea buckthorn
varieties.
S
72 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 13 (2012)
72-74
Phytochemical and pharmacological studies on the traditional
Mongolian drug Garidi-5
E.Sugarjav1, B.Uuganbayar
1, G.Davaakhuu
2, Z.Oyun
1, P.Molor-Erdene
3,
Z.Ariunaa1, Ch.Chimedragchaa
1, S.Oldokh
3
1Traditional Medical Science, Technology and Production Corporation
2School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering,NUM, 3 Health Sciences University of Mongolia
e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT: Garidi-5, a traditional medicine composed of 5 herbs including Terminalia chebula Retz., Aconitum
Kusnezoffii Reichb., Acorus calamus L., Saussurea lappa L., and musk of Moschus moschiferus, has been used in
traditional Mongolian medicine as an analgesic and antibacterial medicine. Bioactive compounds of Garidi-5 were
determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method. An antioxidant potential of the methanol extract of Garidi-5 was evaluated
by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay. Writhing was induced in mice by an intraperitoneal injection of 0.6 % acetic acid solution (10 ml/kg). Water extract of Garidi-5 was given orally at concentrations of 20
mg/kg, 80 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg. Aspirin was used as a standard medicine (100 mg/kg). Gallic acid, α-azarone,
costunolide, alkaloids and testosterone were detected in Garidi-5. Methanol extract of Garidi-5 showed the highest
(95.11%) DPPH radical scavenging activity at concentration of 0.05 µg/ml. Moreover, Garidi-5 significantly reduced
the number of writhes induced by acetic acid in mice by 40.4-47.9% suggesting that it has peripheral antinociceptive
effect.
Keywords: Garidi-5, antioxidant, antinociceptive effect
INTRODUCTION
aridi-5 has been used in traditional
Mongolian medicine as an antibacterial
and analgesic agent for treatments of
various diseases including typhus, dyphteria,
joint conditions, neurological and skin
disorders. Garidi-5 is composed of 5 herbs
including Terminalia chebula Retz., Aconitum
Kusnezoffii Reichb., Acorus calamus L.,
Saussurea lappa L., and musk of Moschus
moschiferus [1,2]. As written in traditional
medical sourcebooks the compounds of Gairidi-
5 mainly balance humors, detoxify the body,
kill bacteria and relieve pain [2]. A variety of
bioactive substances have been detected in the
components of Garidi-5. Terfalvin B and gallic
acid have been found in Terminalia chebula
Retz. [3]. Diterpene alkaloids [4,5,6] and
polysaccharides have been isolated from the
root of Terminalia chebula. Saussurea lappa L.
is rich in sesquiterpenoid lactones and
terpenoids [7]. In the present study,
antioxidative and antinociceptive activities of
Garidi-5 were examined. Phytochemical
screening was also performed to determine the
presence of some bioactive components
including gallic acid, total alkaloids, α-azarone,
costunolide, and testosterone.
EXPERIMENTAL
Animals. Specific pathogen-free white mice
weighing 20-30 g were used for the study and
all were housed in a quiet room with 12 h
light/dark cycle. The study protocol was
approved by the Ethical Committee of the
Health Sciences University of Mongolia and the
care and handling of animals were in
accordance with the principles of the Helsinki
Declaration.
G
75 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 13 (2012)
75-77
Preliminary results on characterization of various coal combustion products
from Mongolian thermal power stations and their application for preparation of
geopolymers
A.Minjigmaa, Ts.Zolzaya, B.Davaabal, U.Bayarzul, J.Temuujin
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS
ABSTRACT: At present, over 90% of Mongolian electricity is produced by combined heat and thermal power stations.
The main coal deposits used for Central power system's power stations are Baganuur, Shivee-ovoo lignite type coal and
Shariin gol bituminous coal. In Mongolia almost 600,000 tonnes of coal combustion by-products are disposed of in
waste ponds. In this paper we report preliminary characterisation of Mongolian coal combustion by-products including
fly ashes sourced directly from thermal power stations and ash retrieved from ponds. It was determined that fly ashes
generated from Baganuur and Shivee-ovoo coal deposits are class C, while ash from Shariin gol coal is class F
(according the ASTM C618). All ash products were characterised by chemical, mineralogical, granulometrical,
porosity, FE-SEM and radiation methods. Fly ashes sourced directly from power stations were found to be more suitable for manufacture of geopolymers for building materials application.
Keywords: coal, coal combustion by-products, synthesis, geopolymers
INTRODUCTION
he most common usage of coal is
burning as a solid fuel to produce
electricity. It is estimated that around
40% of total electricity produced in the world is
generated by coal burning
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal) and this is
likely not to be decreased by near future.
Approximately 10-30% of the original coal is
not consumed in the burning process and
remains as coal combustion by-products.
Generally, the chemical, mineralogical
composition and volume of the coal combustion
by-products are determined by the content and
composition of the inorganic constituent of the
original coal and design and operation of the
power station (Jha et al., 2008). Coal
combustion by-products also can be divided into
different types; namely bottom ash or boiler
slag, fly ash and flue gas desulphurisation
materials. In a review on fly ash utilisation
Ahmaruzzaman (2010) states that the world's
current annual production of coal ash is around
600 million tonnes of which fly ash is about 500
million tonnes. Ash products are usually
disposed of in landfill or in ash ponds, but with
such enormous volumes it is creating
environmental problems and becoming costly
overhead for coal fired power generation. Thus,
there is a strong incentive to find useful and
sustainable ways to utilise ash products (Wang
and Wu, 2006). Currently worldwide utilisation
is about 16% of total the total ash produced,
though it varies from country to country. For
instance, Japan utilises over 97% of coal ash
(http://www.jcoal.or.jp/coaltech_en/coalash/ash
01e.html) while in Australia over 40% of the
ash isutilised
(http://www.adaa.asn.au/documents/ADAA_Ms
hip_Report_2010.pdf). Recent reports have
indicated that Mongolia has total coal reserves
of over 150 billion tonnes located in more than
200 coal deposits within 12 coal basins
(http://www.mmre.energy.mn/branch/now/103/
detail/1004090003/). In Mongolia over 90% of
electricity is produced by coal fired power
stations. The maximum energy production of all
the power stations is 4,256 million kWh,
T
78 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 13 (2012)
78-81
Protein and amino acid compositions in some
Mongolian wood-rotting fungi
Sh.Naranmandakh
School of Biology and Biotechnology, NUM
e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT: In this study the contents of total nitrogen, crude protein, easy extracted protein and the compositions of free and protein’s amino acids in five wood-rotting fungi, growing in Mongolia were analyzed. All those fungi are
medicinal and the medicinal use of them has a very long tradition in the Asian countries. Dried wood-rotting fungi
Fomitopsis officinalis (Vill. ex Fr.) and Inonotus obliquus (Pers. ex Fr.) contain very low crude protein (8.06% and
9.12%, respectively) in comparison with edible mushrooms. The protein content of the other 3 species Fomes
fomentarus (L. ex Fr.), Fomitopsis pinicola (Schwarts. ex Fr.) and Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull. ex Fr.) were range from
20.79 to 28.31% such as in most medicinal mushrooms. All investigated fungi are a good source of brain amino acids as
aspartic and glutamic acids. A high amount of essential free amino acids such as tryptophan, cysteine and methionine
was determined in all investigated wood-rotting fungi although some of them showed a low content of protein.
Keywords: medicinal fungi, nitrogen content, protein, essential amino acids
INTRODUCTION
ungi have influenced human affairs for
thousands of years, either as a direct food
source and in a food process, or as a
medicine. The nutritive and medicinal values of
mushrooms have been recognized all over the
world. Mushrooms and primarily
basidiomycetes contain a high amount of
proteins, essential amino acids, minerals,
vitamins and fibers (Chang, 1996). Some of
them produce substances having potential
medical effects, are called medicinal
mushrooms. Researchers suggested that they
use for treatment of certain types of cancer,
boost the immune system and reduce the risk of
coronary heart disease, because some of the
edible mushroom species possess
pharmacological properties (Kalac, 2009).
Mushrooms are low in calories, lack cholesterol
and virtually do not contain fat and sodium.
Selenium and niacin that play important role in
the immune system, thyroid system and the
male reproductive system and cancer prevention
are sufficiently contained in mushrooms
(Hobbs, 1995). Mushrooms are considered to be
a good source of digestible protein, with protein
content greater than most vegetables, but
somewhat less than meat and milk. The protein
content in mushrooms can vary between 10-
40% by dry mass. As well, mushrooms contain
all essential amino acids: however, hold limited
amounts of the sulphur-containing amino acids
such as cysteine and methionine (Breene, 1990).
In Mongolia many species of basidiomycetes
are growing, which are widely used in
traditional medicine. In Mongolian tradition a
wood-rotting basidiomycetes mainly used as a
tea. According on this reason we have chosen
wood-rotting fungi. Main biological active
compositions of medicinal fungi are proteins
and amino acids. But proteins and amino acid’s
composition of Mongolian medicinal fungi
have
never been investigated up to now.
The aim of the present study was to determine
the contents of proteins and composition of the
free and protein amino acids in five wood-
rotting fungi, growing in Mongolia.
F
82 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 13 (2012)
82-86
Removal characteristics of arsenic by Fe-Mn layered
double hydroxide and double oxide
E.Otgonjargal1, Kitae Baek
2, Ts.Batjargal
3, Jung-Seok Yang
4
1Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS
2Department of Environment Engineering,
Chonbuk National University, Republic of Korea 3 Ministry of Environmental and Green Development, Mongolia
4KIST-Gangneung Institute, Republic of Korea
e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT: In this study, Fe-Mn-CO3 layered double hydroxides (Fe-Mn LDHs) and Fe-Mn double oxide (Fe-Mn
DOs) were prepared by the co-precipitation methods to remove arsenite and arsenate. The physico-chemical
characteristics of adsorbents were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectrum, Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The adsorption characteristics of arsenite and arsenate were
investigated in points of adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics usaing batch and column experiments.
The adsorption of As(III) onto Fe-Mn LDHs and Fe-Mn DOs were occurred five times faster than that of As(V), where
pseudo-second order model was well fitted with the experimental data compared to other kinetic models. The
adsorption capacity of arsenic from solution by Fe-Mn LDH and Fe-Mn DOs were more fitted to both the Langmuir
and Freundlich isotherms compared to Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption isotherm models. The adsorption of arsenic onto the Fe-Mn LDH and Fe-Mn DOs increased with the decrease in pH because of more positive charge of
surface due to protonation.The results indicate that the Fe-Mn LDHs and Fe-Mn DOs are a novel and excellent
adsorbents for the removal of arsenic.
Keywords: Arsenite, Arsenate, Layered Double oxide, Double oxide, Adsorption
INTRODUCTION
rsenic (As) pollution in drinking or
surface water has become a worldwide
environmental issue and is a serious
threat to human health. In many countries,
numerous people have been made ill by arsenic-
contaminated groundwater. In 2006, the World
Health Organization (WHO) lowered the
standard for As in drinking water to 0.01 mg/L
[1]. In nature, As exists as the inorganic
oxyanionic forms As(V) and As(III): As(III) is
more toxic than As(V), and its removal is more
difficult [1]. A common choice to remove toxic
compounds from aqueous streams is the process
of adsorption. As(V) can be easily removed by
adsorption technology using adsorbents
including iron oxyhydroxide[2], activated
alumina, and steel-making slags [3]. However,
it is difficult to remove As(III) by adsorption
processes, and, therefore, As(III) requires
oxidation before adsorption.
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are two-
dimensional nanostructured anionic clays found
in naturally occurring minerals. Generally,
LDHs contain divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent
metal cations and hydroxyl groups in octahedral
sheets, and oxyanions or water molecules are
imported into the interlayer region between the
sheets[4, 5]. Many research groups have
reported the potential of LDHs to remove
inorganic contaminants such as oxyanions and
mono-atomic anions from aqueous solutions by
the processes of adsorption and ion exchange.
Recently, great interests on Fe-Mn oxide have
been increasing for arsenic removal.
Chakravarty et al. [6] and Deschamps et al. [7]
A
87 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 13 (2012)
87-97
Relationship between structure and thermodynamic
activity of carbon black
A.M.Amdur1, V.V.Pavlov
1, B.Purevsuren
2, L.Munkhtuul
1
1 Ural State Mining University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
2-Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
ABSTRACT: The role of carbon black is especially important in cokeless metallurgy. Carbon black can be isolated at
less hot zones (less than 720oC) in metallurgical ovens according to equation of Buduara: 2CO = C +CO2. The
particles of carbon black obtained by the reaction of Buduara are characterizing with complicated open-work structure
including globular amorphous parts and graphitized crystalline elements connected by crosspieses with size in
nanometric range ( from 0,1 µm to 3µm). The carbon black is characterizing with increased Gibbs’s energy and high kinetic activity because of its dispersed and amorphous structure.
Keywords: carbon, carbon black, reduction reaction, globular amorphous
INTRODUCTION arbon black is a more active reductor in metallurgical process in comparison with
other solid fuels. It can be isolated at less hot
zones (less than 720oC) in metallurgical ovens
according to equation of Buduara [1].
2CO = C +CO2 (1)
The role of carbon black is especially important in
cokeless metallurgy. The content of carbon in a
metalized pellets (briquette) should correspond to
the mark of smelting steel. It can be regulated by saturation of spongy iron carbon with carbon black,
being a product of methane decomposition in a
cooler zone of shaft furnace. The important advantage of carbon black in comparison with other
solid fuels consists in the fact that it is isolated or
formed from the gas phase and therefore does not contain ash and other admixtures of ordinary fuel.
Increased thermodynamic and kinetic activity of
carbon black is based on its high dispersion, highly
developed reaction surface and also by unstable internal structure of the atomic packing, often
having not crystalline but amorphous structure.
Let’s consider the increase of thermodynamic activity after dispersing. If there is a mole of the
substance with a volume V=M/d (M-molecular
weight, d-density) pound onto particles with radius
- r after which a new surface SV will be created, a
work A=σSV will be done, and the thermodynamic
potential (G) will be increased by the same value ΔG
o = A = σSV. If we accept that the particles have
spherical form, then specific surface S is equal to
their surface 4рr2,
divided onto the volume V=(
4рr3)/3, S = (4рr
2) / ( 4рr
3)/3 =3/r, then
ΔGo =A=σ S V = 3σM/dr (2)
The pressure P of steam, thermodynamic activity
and constant K of reaction equilibrium, in which
participate dispersed substance depends from the potential G
0 by exponent. Therefore increasing the
potential Go of liquid by the value (2) brings to
growth of the pressure P of steam and constant K in
exp (3 σM/d r RT) once in comparison with the value for weight of substances P0, K0:
P / P0= ехр(3σМ / d r RT); ( 3 ) К / К0 = ехр(3σМ / d r RT).
Therefore for example the pressure of water steam increases when the size of water drops decrease.
Lets to see a mist consists of nano-drops of water
with radius 1 nanometer. The tension of water σ =73
mJ/m2, molecular weight M = 18 10
-3 kg/mole,
density d=1000 kg/м3. So for such drops with radius
C
98 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 13 (2012)
98-101
Some phytochemical constituents and bioactivity of water and
ethanolic extract of Rumex acetosella L.
D.Punsaldulam1, E.Munkhbat
2, D.Otgonsuren
2
1Institute of Botany, MAS,
2Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS
e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT: Total flavonoids, anthocyanins and hydrolysable tannin’s contents were determined in water and
alcoholic extract in different parts of Rumex acetosella L. Antioxidant assays and brine shrimp cytotoxicity assay were
followed. Maximum amount of flavonoid (59.67±0.4 mg/g) determined in leaf’s ethanolic extract, the hydrolyzable
tannins - in root’s ethanolic extract (94.78±1.45 mg/g) and the anthocyanins (0.14%) in flower’s ethanolic extract.
Maximum correlation occurred between hydrolyzable tannins and reducing power or antioxidant capacity (p = 0.001,
R2 = 65.5% and 85.8%, p = 0.001, respectively). In preliminary result of brine shrimp assay, significant deaths of
nauplii were observed only in root extracts (LD50≈160µg/ml in ethanol and≈1000 µg/ml in water extract).
Keywords: flavonoids, anthocyanins, condensed tannins, brine shrimp assay
INTRODUCTION
umex are plants distributed widely in
Mongolia. Totally, 13 species are found.
Some of these species are used in
traditional medicine to treat several unhealthy
conditions (1). Rumex plants are reported to
contain anthraquinones, flavonoids (2,3),
naphthalenes (4), proanthocyanidins (5,6),
phloroglucinol (6). R. acetosa L. (2),
R.nepalensis L. (4) showed cytotoxic activity.
However, there is no enough scientific
information about phytochemicals and their
bioactivity of R.acetosella L. A medicinal plant
book said that this plant had purgative, diuretic,
antibacterial and wounds repairing activity (1).
Therefore, we aimed at investigating some
phenolics of R.acetosella L. and their
relationship with antioxidant capacity. Many
biological activities such as antioxidant activity
are attributed to plant phenolics. Also, possible
usage of polyphenolics as remedy for cancer
treatment is extensively studied recently. In this
study, brine shrimp cytotoxicity assay was used
to assess possible cytotoxic effect. According
to J.B. Harborn (1998), this test was used to
reveal anticancer compound - taxol, which is
used in chemotherapy against cancer (7).
EXPERIMENTAL
Plant materials were collected in June, 2012 in
flowering stage from Batnorov sum, Dornod
province. After collection, plants were separated
into flower, leaf, stem and root and air dried at
room temperature. Extraction was done in three
different conditions: 1 hour in distilled water at
boiling water bath, 48 hours in distilled water
and in 70% ethanol. Phytochemicals and
bioactivity assays were conducted in these
extracts. Brine shrimp cyst was purchased from
local fish store and kept in dark, cool place. All
chemicals used were analytical grade.
Spectrophotometric determination of total
flavonoids. Quantitative determination of
flavonoids in water and ethanol extract of
different parts of plants were carried out using
aluminium chloride spectrophotometric method
described by Ruch with slight modifications
(8,9). In short, 200µl of previously prepared
plant extracted were mixed with same amount
of AlCl3 in ethanol and final volume was made
R
102 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 13 (2012)
102-107
Synthesis and their photodynamic activity
of new photosensitizers for PDT
B.Bayarmaa1, Young Key Shim
2
1Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology of MAS, Ulaanbaatar Mongolia,
2PDT Research Institute, School of Nano Systems Engineering,
Inje University, Gimhae, Republic of Korea
e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT: The main goal of this research is to synthesize new candidates of chlorin based photosensitizers and to
evaluate their the antitumor photodynamic effect. In this research we used A549 (human lung carcinoma cell). The
cytotoxic activity was measured by microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay, and morphological changes induced by PDT
were checked by microscopy. The cytotoxic effect of photosensitizers was shown to increase depending upon the
concentration of photosensitizers. New chlorin derivative photosensitizers were low toxic to tumor cells in the absence
of light, while there was remarkable tumor cell death after photodynamic therapy.
Keywords: photodynamic therapy, photosensitizer, tropolone, lung cancer cell
INTRODUCTION
hotodynamic therapy (PDT) is relatively
new method for the treatment of
cancerous and nonmalignant tumors
using a combination of visible or near-infrared
light and a ligth -activated drug, or
photosensitizer [1,2]. The photosensitizer is
activated by light to produce a cytotoxic
species, which in turn promotes the destruction
of the target tissue [3].
In the presence of molecular oxygen, the
photosensitizer elicits a photochemical reaction
resulting in the production of highly a reactive
species, particularly singlet oxygen [4], which is
toxic to the cells in which it is produced. The
behavior of the photosensitizer is thus
paramount to understanding, and improving, the
efficacy of the PDT-based treatments. Emphasis
in the development of new photosensitizers has
been placed primarily on the natural chlorins,
which differ markedly from symmetric
porphyrins, the former having substantially
stabilized S1-energies, strong Q-absorption
bands, and unique redox reactivities. Previous
reports [5] suggest that the placement of
particular substituents on the chlorin parent ring
may have a large influence on the
photosensiting properties of the compound
when used in PDT treatments.
Chlorin-based photosensitizers, with a variety of
substituents on the periphery of the parent ring,
have been synthesized and exhibit strong
absorption in the red visible region. This strong
absorption allows for deeper light penetration
and therefore higher efficiency for singlet
oxygen generation. In addition, the ease with
which these compounds can be chemically
modified allows tailoring of properties such as
aggregation and cellular uptake.
Modification of the β-position on the porphyrin
or chlorin ring increases the degree of cell
penetration and affords many advantageous
pharmacological properties. Seven-membered
cyclic compounds linked to a chlorin skeleton,
such as 2-hydroxy-2,4,6-cycloheptatriene-1-
one, also known as tropolone (TRN), may
exhibit several pharmacological advantages.
The chemical structure of tropolone has been
known since 1945, and contains aromatic
features [6]. Lung cancer are a frequent cause of
P
108 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 13 (2012)
108-113
Synthesis and catalytic test of bimetallic Pd-Ag nanoparticle
prepared by the impregnation method
Sh.Nyamdelger1, G.Burmaa
1,Christian Weilach
2 and Karin F ttinger2
1Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS,
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 2Institute of Materials Chemistry,
Vienna University of Technology, Austria
e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT: We have synthesized mono and bimetallic catalysts (Pd,Ag, Pd-Ag, Ag-Pd) supported on γ-Al
2O
3 by
the sequential impregnation method. The bimetallic catalysts were prepared with a fixed Pd loading (4 wt.%) by
incipient impregnation of one metal precursor and calcination, followed by the impregnation of the second metal
precursor and a second calcinations step. Obtained materials were characterized by TEM, XRD and IRAS and
catalytic test measurements. The temperature programmed CO oxidation and IR results showed that the bimetallic
catalysts consisted of alloyed nanoparticles and indicated that the surface mainly consists of isolated Pd atoms in
a Ag matrix. The catalytic activity of the catalysts for hydrodechlorination of TCE was tested. For the pure Pd/γ-
Al2O
3 catalyst, the catalytic activity was observed in the hydrodechlorination reaction of TCE. The catalytic
performance of the bimetallic samples was poor under these conditions, but may be increased by changing the Pd/Ag
ratio or the H2/TCE ratio e.g. during reaction.
Keywords: nanoparticles; bimetallic catalysts; impregnation method; hydrodechlorination
INTRODUCTION
nvironmental pollution by
polychlorinated aromatic (PCA) and
aliphatic (PCAl) species is of great
concern today. Such compounds are distributed
widely throughout the world due to their diverse
use. Such compounds can be released into
water, soil and air from household or
industrial facilities. The options of their
disposal related to incineration, pyrolysis,
biological treatment and catalytic oxidation are
associated with drawbacks of high toxic
emissions such as dioxins, low rate of reaction
and high energy cost [Beteley, 2011]. The most
challenging method for recycling and
dechlorination of such compound is conversion
to ecologically friendly derivatives. On the other
hand, catalytic dechlorination and
hydrogenation are methods of choice for
detoxication and recycling of halogenorganic
waste [Gentsler,2008]. These are:
1. Hydrogenation leads to complete conversion
of original organic compound to its non
harmful derivative in mild condition
2. Selective reaction take place during
recycling allowing dechlorination of
chlorinated organic compounds of different
concentration.
3. During hydrogenation no secondary toxic
compounds (e.g. chlorine NOx, phosgene
and dioxin) will be produced
4. No energy needed during catalytic
convertion
For the establishment of method for
hydrogenation of chloroaromatic compounds,
an establishment of catalytic system fulfilling
condition for stable catalysator with high
activity is of utmost importance. Noble metals
are very active for the hydrodechlorination of
chlorine organic compounds producing fully
E
114 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 13 (2012)
114-119
oe
Spectroscopic study and implications for biological reactive oxygen space
sensing of the inorganic DMSO/POCl3 reaction with BODIPY
N.Amgalan1, 2
, Taehong Jun2, Kang Mun Lee
2, HyuDavid G.Churchill
2
1Department of General and Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, NUM, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, 2Molecular Logic gate Laboratory, Department of Chemistry,
KAIST, Republic of Korea
e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT: The reaction of boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) species with DMSO and POCl3 to afford the 2-
chloro,6-methylsulfido derivatives [1]. Systems underwent reaction to give the 4,4-difluoro-2-chloro-6-methylsulfido-8-
(C4H3X)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (Compounds 2a-2d). The species were characterized completely by NMR (1H, 13C) and X-ray diffraction.
Keywords: BODIPY; Sulfido; Sulfur oxidation; Fluorescence; DMSO.
INTRODUCTION asic fluorescent properties of fluorescent
probe are heavily dependent on the
fluorophore, that is selected as the main skeleton of the fluorescent probe.In our case, the
choice of difluoroboradiaza-s-indacenes, commonly
denoted boron-dipyrromethene dyes (F-
BODIPY)reflects the thinking that this class of compounds would act as a very efficient fluorescent
label and that the surrounding decoration might act
as the recognition sites for many different analytes. Furthermore, the optical properties can be tuned to
an incredible large extended by modifying the
pyrrole core,the central meso-position and the boron
substituents. BODIPY is a fluorescent probe for indexing lipid
peroxidation and antioxidant efficacy in model
membrane systems and living cells, with excellent characteristics; emission in the visible range of the
electromagnetic spectrum, with good spectral
separation of the monoxidized (595 nm) and oxidized (520 nm) forms [1].
Herein, we report the facile synthesis and properties
of a new BODIPY dye bearing a methylthioether
group. Compounds 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d have been previously reported by this research group [2].
Sulfide substitutions can become chemically
oxidized species and give rise to discrete valence
state increases; subsequent fluorescence or
colorimetric changes may ensure. The novel 4-difluoro-2-chloro-6-methylsulfido-1,3,5,7-8-phenyl-
4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene was synthesized with
DMSO/POCl3.
EXPERIMENTAL General Considerations. All chemicals used herein
were used as received from commercial suppliers
(Aldrich, Acros, and Junsei companies). The synthetic details for the preparation of the
dipyrromethanes and for the BODIPY systems
follow literature methods [2].1H and
13C NMR
spectra were acquired using a BrukerAvance 300 or 400 MHz spectrometer. TMS was used as an
internal standard. 1H and
13C NMR spectral signals
were calibrated internally by the respective protio impurity or carbon resonance of the CDCl3 (
1H
NMR: δ 7.24; 13
C NMR: δ 77.0) or CD2Cl2 solvent
(1H: δ 5.32, 13C: δ 53.8). C, H, N elemental
analyses were measured using a Vario EL III CHNS elemental analyzer. High resolution matrix-assisted
laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass
spectrometry was performed on a VG AUTOSPEC ULTIMA by the research support staff at KAIST.
This instrument possesses a tri sector double
focusing magnetic sector analyzer and was operated at a resolution of 80,000. To introduce the desired
B
120 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 13 (2012)
120-122
Study of biological activity compounds in some
Mongolian medicinal plants
S.Bayaraa, J.Batkhuu, A.Bayanmunkh, L.Khurelbaatar
Drug research institute
e-mail:[email protected]
ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to investigate biological activity compounds in Mongolian traditional medicinal plants, such as Vaccinium Vitisidaea L., Iris tenufolia Pall., Oxytropis pseudoglandulos and Ribes diacanthum Pall. We
were determined total flavonoid, total coumarin, tannin and saponin by method of Mongolian National Pharmacopeia
[1] and antibacterial activity by paper-disk method [2]. Content of biological activite compounds in plant raw material
were: 1.25-7.40% of total flavonoids, 2.06-4.13% of total coumarins, 2.13-6.30% of tannins and 2.80-4.71% saponins
in plants and 43.43-233.58 mg% of total flavonoids and 4.00-752.66 mg% of total coumarins in extracts of plants.
Vaccinium Vitisidaea L., Iris tenufolia Pall. and Oxytropis pseudoglandulos have antibacterial activity. But Ribes
diacanthum Pall. was not determine antibacterial acitivity.
Keywords: Vaccinium Vitisidaea L., Iris tenufolia Pall., Oxytropis pseudoglandulos, Ribes diacanthum Pall,
antibacterial acitivity
INTRODUCTION
he kidney diseases are increasing year by
year in our country. In traditional
medicine many plants used for treatment
of kidney diseases. The biological activity of
all compounds and antibacterial activity of the
extract of Vaccinium Vitisidaea L., root of Iris
tenufolia Pall., herb of Oxytropis
pseudoglandulos and Ribes diacanthum Pall
have been done. In literature, those plants are
rich in phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids
and phenoilic acids, which exhibit wide range of
biological effects including antioxidant and
antibacterial activity.
EXPERIMENTAL
Medicinal plants were harvested in 2011 from
Bogd-Kan Uul and Chingeltei Uul. We studied
leaves of Vaccinium Vitisidaea L., roots of Iris
tenufolia Pall., herb of Oxytropis
pseudoglandulos and herb of Ribes diacanthum
Pall. Anticbacterial activity of extracts was
evualuated by paper-disk method of Kirby –
Bauer [2]
.Total flavonoid, total coumarin, tannin
and saponin were determined by method of
Mongolian National Pharmacopeia, MNS
4163:2009, MNS 4166:1993 and MNS
4441:1997[1]
. Vaccinium Vitisidaea L. was
extracted with water (1:10), Ribes diacanthum
was extracted in water (1:5), Iris tenufolia and
Oxytropis pseudoglandulos were extracted with
ethanol 70%. (1:10). Extract of Iris tenufolilia,
Oxytropis pseudoglandulos was concentrated to
1g/ml, 0.5g/ml (respectively). Extracts of
Vaccinium Vitisidaea L. and Ribes diacanthum
were not concentrated.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Content of biological activity compounds in
plants are shown in Table1.
Table1. Content of biological activity
compounds in plant raw material
T
123 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 13 (2012)
123-124
Study biological activity of alkaloid protopine
S.Javzan 1, Y.Jamyansan
1, R.I.Alexandrova
2, D.S.Bae
3 , Ch.W.Nho
4
1Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS,
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 2Institute of Experimental Pathology and Parasitology,
BAS, Sofia, Bulgaria 3Department of Biology Education, College of Education,
Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 3 4Functional food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology,
Gangneung, Republic of Korea
e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT: Protopine is an isoquinoline alkaloid contained in plants in northeast Asia. In this study, we investigated
whether protopine derived from H. erectum L could suppress lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory
responses in murine macrophages (Raw-264.7cells). Protopine was found to reduce nitric oxide (NO), cyclooxygenase-
2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) production by LPS-stimulated Raw-264.7 cells, without a cytotoxic effect. Pre-
treatment of Raw 264.7cells with protopine reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These inhibitory
effects were caused by blocking phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases) and also
blocking activation of a nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB). Also cytotoxic and
antiproliferative activities of the protopine on tumour (LSCC-SF-Ms29, LSR-SF-SR) and nontumour (L 929, MDBK)
cells were evaluated. The maximal nontoxic concentrations (MNC) as well as concentrations required to reduce cell
viability by 50% (CC50) at 24h and 48h were determined using the trypan blue dye exclusion test. Comparable CC50
(24h) data were obtained for protopine (25µM; 92 µM) and mytomycin C (24 µM≥30 µM) for LSCC-SF (Ms29) and
LSR-SF(SR) cells, respectively. In MNC the alkaloid decreased the proliferation of LSCC-SF-Ms29, MDBK and L929
by 58, 42, 19 and 21%, respectively. The alkaloid was much less toxic and cytostatic for cells from L929 and MDBK as
compared to cells from tumour lines. The compound inhibited the colony-forming ability of tumour cells in a dose
dependent manner. In doses ≥0.001 µM the protopine blcked the colony-forming capacity of normal murine-marrow
cells.
Keywords: Hypecoum erectum; protopine, cytotoxic, antiproliferative, inflammation activity
INTRODUCTION
ypecoum erectum L. belongs to the
family Hypecoaceae in which
belongs only one genus. The genus
Hypecoum is represented by three species in
Mongolian flora. H. erectum is widely spread in
Khentei, Khangai, Mongol Daurian, Middle
Khalkha, Mongolian Altai, East Mongolia and
East Gobi regions [1]. Russian scientist have
been found nine isoquinoline alkaloids from
H.erectum [2.3], but only protopine has been
isolated the same from species of Mongolian
origin [4]. We have been some alkaloids
(protopine, allocryptopine, oxyhydrastinine,
coridamine, hypecorine, hypecorinine,
berberine) from H.erectum grown in Mongolia,
5 of which named by us as 8-oxyhunnemanine,
8-oxyallocryptopine, tautomer of hyperectine,
8-oxyprotopine A, 8-oxyprotopine B, were
found to be as novel natural compounds.
Elucidation of the structures of 8-
oxyhunnemanine, 8-oxyallocryptopine, 8-
oxyprotopine C, 8-oxyprotopine D allowed us
to conclude about the existence of a new group
of naturally occurring 8-oxyprotopine alkaloids
[5]. In the traditional medicine of Tibet and
Mongolia the plant is named “bar ba da” and
has been used for many years due for as
H
125 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 13 (2012)
125-133
Study on the washability of Baganuur coal
by using float sink test
A.Ariunaa1, G.Tsatsral
1, J.Narangerel
2, R.Erdenechimeg
1,
J.Dugarjav1, B.Purevsuren
1, S.Jargalmaa
1
1Institiute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology MAS,
2Mining Research Laboratory, MRAM
ABSTRACT: The wash ability of coal sample from seam number 4 of Baganuur deposit, which is located in Nyalga-
Choir basin, was studied. The proximate and ultimate analyses of the sample were done by standard methods. The
sample was crushed and pulverized in order to obtain 3 fractions with particle sizes of 3-1.5mm, 1.5-1.0mm and 1.0-
0.63mm. Heavy liquids were obtained by dissolving different amounts of ZnCl2 salt in water. The liquids having <1.3;
1.3-1.4; 1.4-1.5; 1.5-1.6; 1.6-1.7; 1.7-1.8 and >1.8g/cm3 densities were used for float sink test of the fractions. Float
sink test was done by using Russian standard GOST 4790-93. Results of the proximate and ultimate analyses showed
that the coal has Vdaf=47.0%, Ad=13.3%, Cdaf=70.53%. According to the coal classification, the coal belongs to the B2 class of brown coal. Yields and ash contents of the fraction with 3-1.5mm, 1.5-1.0mm particle size were 51.8 and 7.7%,
46.6% and 7.4% respectively, when for the separation was used heavy liquid with 1.4g/cm3 density. In general, it can be
concluded that the Baganuur coal belongs to the category of coals with very poor washability.
Keywords: ash, coal washability, float sink test
INTRODUCTION
oal is the most important mineral
resource of Mongolia. Total geological
resource of coal in the country has been
estimated approximately 163 billion tones and
the number can be increased in future.
Approximately half of this resource is low rank
coal or brown coals. Due to high moisture and
ash contents, low rank coals have a limited
application in the industrial use, especially in
gasification and liquefaction plants. Upgrading
of low rank coals is an important step for further
processing of coal.
Purpose of the research was to determine a
possibility to reduce ash content of Baganuur
coal through dense medium separation.
EXPERIMENTAL
Baganuur coal deposit, which belongs to the
Nyalga-Choir basin, is located at 110 km to the
south east from Ulaanbaatar in the Central
economic region of Mongolia. In 1988 Central
geological expedition (B.Chuluun and
L.Monkhtogoo) has estimated total geological
resource of the coal as 713 million tonnes [1,2].
Proximate analyses. Mongolian National
Standards (MNS) were used for proximate
analyses; moisture (MNS 655-72), ash (MNS
652-72), volatile matter (MNS 654-72),
calorific value (MNS 669-72), sulphur content
(MNS 656-72).
Ultimate analyses. Contents of C, H, N, O
elements of the sample were determined by
using CHN analyser of the Irkutsk Institute of
Chemistry, Russia.
Float sink test procedure. In laboratory
condition, coal washability is determined by
GOST 4790-93 standard. Fractions with particle
sizes of 3-1.5mm, 1.5-1.0mm and 1.0-0.63mm
were separated by float sink test procedure into
sub-fractions with densities having <1.3; 1.3-
1.4; 1.4-1.5; 1.5-1.6; 1.6-1.7; 1.7-1.8 and
>1.8g/cm3. Heavy liquids were obtained by
dissolving different amounts of ZnCl2 salt in
C
134 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 13 (2012)
134-138
Study on biological activity of Hyoscyamus niger
L. grown in Mongolia
J.Irekhbayar1, G.Davaakhuu
1, S.Odontuya
2, Burm-Jong Lee
3
1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, NUM, Mongolia
2Central Geological Laboratory, Mongolia 3Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Inje University,
Obang-Dong, Gimhae, 621-749, South Korea
e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT: This study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities, hepatoprotective effects of the
aerial parts of Hyoscyamus niger L. grown in Mongolia. The ethanol crude extract of H.niger L. was suspended in
water and consequently fractionated with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butyl alcohol. All of the fractions were
examined for their antioxidant and cytotoxic activities by using DPPH and MTT assays, respectively. Hexane fraction
showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity at concentration of 50 µg/mL by 87.36% with the IC50 value of
18.16 µg/mL. MTT results showed that ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against A549 cell
line, with values of 90.47% at 48 h (50 µg /mL). The water fraction notably protected HepG2 cells against the
cytotoxicity of t-BHP than EGCG. H.niger L. is an important medicinal plant and reported to be used for the treatment
of various ailments.
Keywords: Hyoscyamus niger L., antioxidant, cytoxicity
INTRODUCTION
he genus Hyoscyamus belongs to the
family Solanaceae, which comprises a
group of some 50 species all over the
world. One of them (Hyoscyamus niger L.) is
distributed in Mongolia [1, 2]. It is used
extensively as a sedative and pain killer and is
specifically used for pain affecting the urinary
tract, especially when due to kidney stones. Its
sedative and antispasmodic effect makes it a
valuable treatment for the symptoms of
Parkinson's disease, relieving tremor and
rigidity during the early stages of the disease
[3]. The plant is used internally in the treatment
of asthma, whooping cough, motion sickness,
Meniere’s syndrome, tremor in senility or
paralysis and as a pre-operative medication [4].
H.niger L. reduces mucous secretions, as well
as saliva and other digestive juices. Externally,
it is used as an oil to relieve painful conditions
such as neuralgia, dental and rheumatic pains
[3, 4]. This is a very poisonous plant that should
be used with great caution, and only under the
supervision of a qualified practitioner [4, 5].
The seeds are used in Tibetan medicine, they
are said to have a bitter, acrid taste with a
neutral and poisonous potency. Anthelmintic,
antitumor and febrifuge, they are used in the
treatment of stomach/intestinal pain due to
worm infestation, toothache, inflammation of
the pulmonary region and tumours [4].
To the best of our knowledge, there are no
published reports on the biological activities of
the extracts of H.niger L. grown in Mongolia.
Therefore, the present study was conducted.
EXPERIMENTAL
Plant material. The aerial parts of H.niger L.
were gathered from Selenge aimag, Mongolia in
July, 2010. Similarly, soil was taken from the
same place. Voucher specimens have been dried
separately in room temperature.
T
139 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 13 (2012)
139-142
Use of modifed zeolites for chromium removal from
tannery wastewater
D.Batgerel1, S.Erkhembayar
2, E.Anudari
1, G.Ariunzul
3
1School of Chemistry and Chemical Enjineering, NUM, 2 School of Civil Enjineering and Architecture, MUST,
3Energy Resources LLC
e-mail:[email protected]
ABSTRACT: Adsorption of heavy metal ions specifically, Cu (II), Zn (II), As (V) and Cr (VI) from waste
water by modified zeolite was evaluated. The modified zeolite was synthesized previously by
dehydroxylation of low grade at 450°C and reacted hydrothermally with 2-4 M NaOH solution at 100°C for
2 h. The adsorption capacity decreased in the order Cu(II) > Zn(II) > As(V)>Cr(VI) ions. Almost complete adsorption was achieved for Cr(VI) was 91% and 52.3% at pH 7.0 and 8.4, respectively. The results also
showed that the grain size of the modified zeolite has a little effect on the adsorption capacity. The
experimental data was compared with two adsorption isotherms, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The experimental results showed a good agreement with the Langmuir plots .
Keywords: Chromium, Adsorption, Zeolite, Modification, Tannery Wastewater
INTRODUCTION
eolites are well known for their ion
exchange capacity. The role of zeolites
in the conversion of solid and liquid
Tannery wastes into environmentally acceptable
products has also been demonstrated. Modified
zeolites are useful because of their controlled
and known physico-chemical properties relative
to that for natural zeolites. The focus of the
present study was evaluation of the
effectiveness of the modified zeolites in their
NH4 forms for removal of chromium from water
over a wide range of pH. A similar reaction is
possible for adsorption of chromium onto
zeolites, where terminal aluminol or silanol
hydroxyl groups develop at the edges of the
zeolite particle.
EXPERIMENTAL
Adsorbent. Natural zeolite was provided by the
deposits of Tragabtsav and Urgun, Mongolia.
The zeolite was synthesized previously by
calcining of law grade for 4 h in air at 450°C
and reacted hydrothermally with 2-4 M NaOH
solution at 100°C for 2 h. The obtained gel was
filtered first, then washed till pH 10, afterwards,
the product was dried at 100°C for 24 h. The
produced zeolite is characterized as average
particle size of 1-5 mm.
Batch Adsorption Experiments. The pH values
of the solutions were adjusted from 1 to 11 with
0.5 M NaOH and 0.5 M HClO4 and measured
with a pH meter. The pH value of solution was
kept at a specific value during the experiments
using a pH controller. The liquid samples were
filtered after adsorption for metal ions analysis
by FEC.
Adsorption Capacity. The adsorbents (0.25 g)
were left in contact with 100 mL of each of Cr
solutions in the range of 50-5 mg L-1
with the
initial pH value of 10 for 30 min. The amount of
metal ions adsorption onto the zeolite can be
calculated by: Qe=(Ci-Ce)/S where, qe is the
metal ions adsorbed onto the zeolite (mg g-1
), Ci
Z
143 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 13 (2012)
143-145