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Air blowing: Process by which compressedair is blown into a bitumen eedstock typically at230260 C. Tis process results in complex reac-tions that raise the sofening-point and viscosityo the bitumen. See oxidized bitumens.

Air-blown asphalts: See oxidized bitumens.

Air-rectified bitumen or Air-refinedbitumen (synomym or semi-blown bitumen):A bitumen that has been subjected to mild oxida-tion with the goal o producing a bitumen thatmeets paving-grade bitumen specifications, typi-cally having a penetration index o 2.0

Asphalt: A mixture o bitumen and mineralmaterials used as a paving material that is typi-

cally produced at temperatures in the range o140160 C.

Asphalt binder: A term used in the USA andsome other countries or bitumen.

Asphalt cement: A term used in the USA andsome other countries or bitumen.

Asphalt cold mixes: Asphalt mixtures madeusing cutback bitumens or bitumen emulsionsthat can be applied at ambient temperature.

Asphalt paving mixtures: Mixtures ograded mineral aggregates (sized stone ractions,sands and fillers) with a controlled amount ostraight-runor paving bitumen.

Bitumen, petroleum-derived: A dark brownto black cement-like residuum obtained rom thedistillation o suitable crude oils. Te distillationprocesses may involve one or more o the ollowingatmospheric distillation, vacuum distillation,

steam distillation. Further processing o distil-lation residuum may be blended to yield a mate-rial, the physical properties o which are suitableor commercial applications. Tese additionalprocesses can involve air oxidation, solvent strip-ping or blending o residua o different stiffnesscharacteristics.

Bitumen emissions: Te complex mixture oaerosols, vapours and gases rom heated bitumenand products containing bitumen; although the

term bitumen ume is ofen used in reerence tototal emissions, technically bitumen ume reersonly to the aerosolized raction o total emissions(i.e. solid particulate matter, condensed vapourand liquid bitumen droplets).

Bitumen-emission condensate: Te conden-sate o emissions rom heated bitumen; the chem-ical composition may vary with the temperatureand the type o bitumen.

Bitumen emulsion [Class 4]: Mixtures o

two normally immiscible components (bitumenand water) and an emulsiying agent (usuallya suractant); bitumen emulsions are used inpaving, roofing and waterproofing operations.Tese materials are also called asphalt emulsion(North America).

GLOSSARY

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Solvent-refined asphalt: erm used in theUSA to define propane-precipitated asphalt.

Stone-mastic asphalt: A high stone-contentpaving mixture used in some countries.

Steam-refined bitumens: Vaccum residuesthat have been subjected to injection o steamto aid vacuum distillation. See straight-runbitumens.

Straight-run bitumensor paving bitumens[Class 1]: Tese are usually produced romthe residue rom atmospheric distillation opetroleum crude oil by applying urther distil-lation under vacuum, solvent precipitation or

a combination o these processes. Also calledsteam-refined bitumens or straight-reducedbitumens.

Termally cracked bitumens or thermalbitumens [Class 6]: Bitumens produced bythermal cracking at high temperatures, typically440500 C.

Warm-mix asphalt: A type o hot-mixedasphalt, which is produced at lower than normaltemperatures. ypically warm-mixed asphaltsare produced at temperatures between 100 and130 C.

Glossary

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