V O L tor the Party

•f Your Class M O N T A N A N E W S . O W N E D A N D P U B L I S H E D B Y "I H E S O C I A L I S T P A R T Y O f M O N T A N A

Abolish the Capi­

talist System

V O L . V. H E L E N A MONTANA. T H U R S D A Y , S E P T E M B E R L9 1907. NO. 44.

by Congress Immigration and Emigration of Work­

ers Often Means of Reducing Share in Labor's Product

Resolution adopted by the Interna

tienal Congress at Stuttgart, Aug. 16

to 24, 1907.

The International Socialist Congreta held at Stuttgart during the week of Aug. 16 to 24 passed the following re­solution on Emigration and Immigra tlon.

The congress declares: Immigraition and Emigration of

working men are phenomena as insep­arable from the substance of capital­ism as unemployment, overproduction and underconsumption of the working men, they are frequently one of the means to reduce the share of the work­ing men in the product of labor and at times they assume abnormal dimension* through political, religious and nation­al persecutions.

The congress does not consider ex ceptional measures of any kind, econ­omic or political, the means f o r remov­i n g any danger which may arise to the working class from i m m i g r » t i o n and emigration since such measures are fruitless and reactionary; especially not the restriction of the freedom of migration and the exclusion of foreign nations and races.

At the same time the congress de Clares it to be the duty of organized working men to protect themselves against the lowering of their standard of life which frequently results from the mass import of unorganized work ing men. The congress declares it to be their duty to prevent the import a n d export of strike breakers.

The congress recognizes the difficult iea which in many cases confront the working men of the countries of n more advanced stage of capitalist develop ment through the mass immigration of unorganized working men accustomed to a lower standard of life and coming f r o m countries of prevalently agricul tural and domestic civilization, and al •o the dangers which confronts them f r o m certain forms of immigration.

But the congress sees no proper solu­tion of these difficulties in the exclu sion of definite nations or races from immigration, a policy which is besides in conflict with the principles of pro letarian solidarity.

The congress, therefore recommends the following measures:

I. For the countries of immigra

tion: 1. Prohibition of the export and

import of such working men who have entered into a contract which deprive tbem of the liberty to dispose of their labor power and wages.

2. Legislation shortening the work day, fixing a minimum wage, regulat­ing the sweating system and house in­dustry and providing for strict super­vision of sanitary and dwelling condi­tions.

3. Abolition of all restrictions which exclude definite nationalities or races from the right of sojourn in the country and from the political and economic rights of the natives or make the acquisition of these rights more

d i f f i c u l t f o r them. I t also demands the greatest l a t i t ude in the laws o f na tur a l i z a t i on .

4. Eo r the trade unions of a l l coun­t r ies the f o l l o w i n g p r inc ip l e s sha l l h a w un ive r sa l app l i ca t ion in connec­t ion w i t h i t :

(a) . U n r e s t r i c t e d admiss ion of i m ­migra ted w o r k i n g men to the trade unions of a l l countr ies .

(b ) . E a l i c i t a t i n g the admiss ion o f members by means of fixing reasonable admiss ion fees.

(c) . F r ee t r an s f e r f r o m the organi­zat ions of one count ry to those of the other upon the discharge of the mem bership ob l iga t ions towards the fo rmer o rgan iza t i on .

(d) . The m a k i n g of i n t e rna t i ona l t rade union agreements fo r the purpose of r e g u l a t i n g these questions i n a de­finite and proper manner and enab l ing the r e a l i z a t i o n of these p r inc ip l e s on an i n t e rna t i ona l scope.

5. Suppor t of the trade unions of those count r ies f r o m wh ich the i m m i ­g ra t ion is c h i e f l l y recru i ted .

I I . F o r the count ry of e m i g r a t i o n :

1. A c t i v e propaganda f o r trade unionism.

2. En l igh tenmen t of the w o r k i n g men and the pub l i c at large on the true condi t ions of labor in the countr ies of i m m i g r a t i o n .

In v i e w of the faet that emig ra t i on of w o r k i n g men is o f t en a r t i f i c i a l l y s t imula ted by r a i l r o a d and s teamship companies, l and speculators and other s w i n d l i n g concerns through f a l s e and l y i n g promise* to w o r k i n g men, the congress demands :

C o n t r o l o f the steamship agencies and e m i g r a t i o n bureaus and lega l and a d m i n i s t r a t i v e measures aga ins t tbem in order to prevent that e m i g r a t i o n be abused in tho interests of such capi ta l i s t concerns.

I I I . R e g u l a t i o n o f the sys tem of t ranspor ta t ion , especia l ly on ships. Employmen t of inspectors w i t h discret­ionary power who should be selected by the o rgan ized w o r k i n g men of the countr ies of emig ra t i on and immig ra ­t ion . P r o t e c t i o n f o r the n e w l y ar­r i v e d i m m i g r a n t s , i n order that they may not become the v i c t i m s of cap i ta l is t exp lo i te r s .

In v i e w of the fac t that the trans­port of i m m i g r a n t s can only be regu lated on i n t e r n a t i o n a l basis, the con gress d i rec t s the In t e rna t iona l Soc ia l ­ist B u r e a u to prepare suggest ions f o r the r egu la t ion of th is quest ion, w h i c h shal l deal w i t h the condi t ions , arrange­ments and suppl ies of the ships, the a i r space to be a l l o w e d f o r each passenger as a m i n i m u m , and shal l l a y specia l stress, that tho i n d i v i d u a l emigran ts contract f o r the i r passage d i r e c t l y w i t h the t r anspo r t a t i on companies and w i t h out i n t e r v e n t i o n of midd lemen . These suggest ions sha l l be communica ted to tho var ious soc ia l i s t par t ies f o r the purpose o f l eg i s l a t i ve app l i c a t i on , and adapt ion as w e l l as f o r the purposes of p ropaganda .

WORK OF THE RANDAD SCHOOL The first year of the Rand School

notably successful. A n average of ten classes a week was given for the greater part of the school year. In addition, a course of free Sunday lectures wss given from Jan. 13 to April 28. The instructors in the reg ular courses were Morris Hillquit, W . J . Ghent, Dr. David Saville Muzzcv, Dr. Charles A. Beard, Franklin H . Oiddings, Tilden Sempers, Lucien San ial, Algernon Lee , Joseph Aldelman, Frederick C. Patterson, Mrs. Char­lotte Perkins Oilman, Edward K i n g and Charles Aronovici. Prof. John Ward Stimson and John II. Fry gave three lectures each, also in the regular instructional courses. The lecturers in the Sunday morning courses were Prof. Franklin H . Uiddings, John Martin, Mrs. Charlotte Perkins Oilman, M r . and Mrs. William English Walling, Mrs. Meta L . Stern, Mrs. Marion Craig Wentworth, Prof. Vida D. s.-uddor, Dr. Charles A . Beard, Dr. E . E . Slosson, Morris HiUqnit, Miss Mkry MscAr tbur, Algsrnon Las, Miss Elisabeth B . Butler, W. B. Ghent and George Willis

Cooks. The attendance in the regular classes ranged for 2 to 25, and at the Sunday lectures from 25 to 140. There were 566 s i ng l e paid admiss ions to lectures i n the regular courses. The numl>er of s tudents who at tended one or more courses (exc lus ive of the Sun­day lec tures) was 6,819. O f the 221 enrol led s tudeuts 128 were men and M were women . O f the men ,74 were members of the soc ia l i s t pa r t y , 4 of the S o c i a l i s t I>abor par ty and 50 were non members. O f the women, 32 were members, or wtives or daughters of members, o f the Soc i a l i s t pa r ty , and 61 were non-members. A number of persons who enroled as non-members have since j o ined the par ty .

Fight For Free Speech

Whitewash Necessary

Street Packed With People for Two Efforts Blocks—20,000 in Line Fol­

lowed to Station

Denmark. A congress of women servants rec­

ently held in Copenhagen and attend ed by 15 delegates, resolved to ask the government to enforce the law for bidding mistresses to employ thsir ser vants after 7 p. m. on ordinary Jays or S p. m on Sunehys. English ser­vants might wsll s>gh for rack n law.

The pub l ic a t t en t ion i n Spokane has never been so general ly aroused as in the case of the arrest laBt S a t u r d a y n ight and the subsequent proceeding*.

The demons t ra t ion on that occasion was f o l l o w e d by a packed house i n O l i v e r ha l l Sunday evening. The ha l l w9s in no way adequate to hold the c rowd , only about IN b e i n g able to get in whi le 1,000 were tu rned away . A n d th is was done wi th a twen ty five cent admiss ion charged.

The address was on " T h e Lessons of the H a y w o o d T r i a l , " but occasion was taken to show the nature of the co r rup t i on of c i t y a d m i n i s t r a t i o n un­der a government that is based on the rule of a f e w over the many fo r the sake of greed.

The speaker ' s desk was covered w i t h b e a u t i f u l bouquets, and there seemed to be the utmost interest awakened in the p rac t i ca l issues of personal r igh ts that are at our doors.

The t r i a l had been set f o r M o n d a y a f t e rnoon at 1:30. When we reached the court room the place was jammed. T h e o f f i c ious at tachces of the court seemed amazed. The fa t , porky bai li tf was s h o w i n g more impor tance and au thor i ty than K i n g E d w a r d would ever have a r roga ted bo h i m s e l f , b a w l i n g out useless ins t ruc t ions i n a loud tone of vo ice , a n d shov ing the poor d runks and prost i tu tes that had been run in , a round as tho they were cat t le . Mos t of them seemed dazed at the ' o f f i c i a l " atmosphere and were fined and sentenced In silence, or, i f they d id at tempt to s t a m m e J out a f e w words were soon overwhelmed by the strange ness, the power and the i n j u s t i c e of the machine, that had first t a k e n away a l l poss ib l i ty of a decent l i f e , and then was c r u s h i n g these helpless creatures w i t h the weight of the s t ruc tu re that Prof i t s had ra ised f o r i t s o w n interests

A s I took the chai r of the accused, th is o f f i c ious personage began the shov­i n g process on me. I p r o m p t l y cor rected h im as to his place w h e n a gen era l uproar seemed to come f r o m a l l tho " o f f i c i o u s " personages assembled there. A f t e r I bad pleaded not g u i l t y , aud our a t torney , M r . K i r b e y , come f o r w a r d to take charge of the case, the judge announced that i f the matter was to take any considerable t ime, be would postpone it as his docket was f u l l . We had learne I p r e v i o u s l y that but l i t t l e cou ld be expec ted f r o m th is J u d g e l l i n k l c , and tha t be was go ing on a vaca t ion , so our l awyer acked f o r a cont inuance o f the case t i l l Thu r sday when another man would be on the bench.

N o w camo the dramat ic part of the proceedings. A s I arose I turned to the b a i l i f f and to ld h im that I wanted h i m to keep his hands off m y person. H o immed ia t e ly s tar ted h i s uproar aga in , and 1 t u rned to the judge and asked f o r pro tec t ion , as the person o f an i n d i v i d u a l under bond is immune. Instead of the judge l i s t e n i n g to ray appeal to h im, tho ha l f d r u n k e n f e l l o w begun to pound b is desk, s a id he d i d n ' t wan t a n y sensat ion there, and or­dered the b a i l i f f to t ake me out. Whereupon the b r u t a l lubber seized me when I was m a k i n g no res is tance what­ever and pushed and c a r r i e d me to the door, where Comrade B a r b e r stepped between h i m a n d me.

T h e d i s g r a c e f u l scene caused an up­roar. T h e audience composed almost en t i r e ly of the socia l i s t s and the i r f r i e n d s rose as one man to see what this i d io t i c court was g o i n g to do w i t h me. W h e n I w a l k e d out w i t h the coin miles a round me, M r . K i r b y asked if ho migh t c a l l our witnesses together. T h o j u d g e re fused his request when M r . K i r b y w a v e d his band and the whole c r o w d came t r e m b l i n g out a f t e r me. T o say (he judge was ustonished at these developments , w o u l d be ex press ing i t m i l d l y . The o l d f e l o w learn ed someth iug o f the s t reng th of the socia l i s t sent iment in S p o k a n e that ho never k n e w before .

The papers came out w i t h the most a t roc ious ly perver ted accounts of the affair. T h e y s a i d I fought w i t h the bailiff and a\tompted to harangue the court, both of which statements are absolutely false. They also said 500 people swarmed over the railing to pro­tect tkeir idol. But of course we are used to such glaring untruths from the

sheets that uphold the v i c ious capi­t a l i s t system.

When 1 was arrested on Sa turday uigbt , the drag net was th rown out, a n d a young f e l l o w by the name of Thompson was c lu tched by the police and taken to the s ta t ion , a (25 bond was placed upon h im also. There has been something amus ing about th is y o u n g man ' s case. H i s brother has been the social is t o f the f a m i l y , and a l l the way to the s ta t ion he had been c u t t i n g in to keep h i m out of the hands of the police. H e and his w i f e run the M o n t a n a rooming house, he is a y o u n g man of excellent character , and the last t h ing In- ever thought of was be­i n g arrested f o r lead ing a mob. The comrades are t aken care of his case also, and he took a cont inuance to Thursday l ikewise .

But it was M o n d a y e v e n i n g that gave a demonstrat ion more remarkab le even than tin- one of S a t u r d a y night when Ho,iino cheer ing people l i ned the streets ami f o l l o w e d us to and f r o m the pol ice s ta t ion . W e had planned to hold another street mee t ing , and eight o ' c lock was the hour named. L o n g before that t ime some o f the comrades came to my room and said the street was massed w i t h people. W h e n 1 a r r ived it was w i t h the utmost d i f f i c u l t y that my box could be placed and I mounted upon i t . S u c h a sea of faces I never looked into. The street was packed so l id f o r two b locks f r o m w a l l to w a l l . T h i s mass of humani ty had come to see i f I w o u l d be arrested again , as the evening papers had spread the news ( . f the outrages at court in the a f t e rnoon . T w e n t y po l icemen were present, among them the c h i e f ; but they looked at the c rowd and gave it up. T h e y to ld Comrade L i c h t y to go ahead. N o less than 10,000 people were massed together there. Tucs . lay evening the sensat ional f ea tu re had worn off. W'e had won the fight. There was a large c rowd present, about 1,500. We had a good meet ing and sold a l l our l i te ra ture .

Thursday a f t e rnoon we came to t r i a l baftl J u d g e H y d e . M r . K i r b y had spoken to h im previous ly about the protect ion o f my person, u n d received the reply that no one had a r igh t to touch me. T h e court room was packed to every i nch of s t and ing room. I V licemen were s ta t ioned a l l over the room as though they were to deal w i t h a convoy o f Russ i an c r i m i n a l s . M r . Pence, a social is t l awyer , was asso elated w i t h M r . K i r b y in charge of tho case. M r . R icha rdson b e i n g s t i l l out of town.

The prosecution cal led five witnesses two o f them be ing pol icemen, and a l l testif ied s i m p l y that there was a b i g •WWd! and they thought the street was b l o c k c l . W e ca l led fifteen witneses, men and women, aud had more to c a l l i f they were needed. Our people p roved conclus ively that the s i d c w a l k e was nevi r b locked so people could not pass, that teams were cont inous ly pass ing on the idhe r side, thnt as soon as the policeman t o l d me I must c lear the sidewalk, that I spoke to the people and they came f o r w a r d at once. T h e prosecution was so ro t ten that i t looked p o s i t i v e l y foo l i sh . I t d i d one good to see my witnesses come up, people I never saw before , and t e s t i f y to the u t te r u n t r u t h f u l n e s s of the bur­l y , ove r fed o f f i ce r ' • charges.

It soemeJ to create qu i te a l i t l e in terest as I took the s tan I and stated that I wou ld not swear but a f f i r m . The r id iculous use of the word C o d , by-people who never use it except in pro t'anity as to cover a l ie ought to suf­fice to make a l l social is ts d i sca rd i t i n court. The prosecut ing a t torney asked me about th i s , but I appealed to the judge that such was my pr iv i l ege , and was sustained. The reporters a f t e r wards asked mo about this .

A t the close o f the tes t imony tho judge said ho wou ld l i k e to hear a rgu ment on the mat te r and the decis ion was postponed t i l l Wednesday , the 18.

A f t e r my case that of Thompson was ca l led . Three big b r u t a l pol icemen •wore to lias about h i m and the judge fined him >.Vi a n d costs. W o took an appeal, a n d w i l l t r y tho case before a j o t y .

Being Made to Have Prose­cuting Attorney Desist—Big­

gest Sensation Feared Boise , Idaho, Sep t .—Unless a coat

of whi tewash can be app l ied to Sen­ator W . E . Borah , now under indict ­ment f o r land f r a u d s , before December 1, Ii laho w i l l be represented i n the next session of the U n i t e d Sta tes sen ate only by one senator, and that, too by a man as hosti le to the plans and intr igues of the Roosevel t adminis t ra ­t ion as Borah is f r i e n d l y to them. Namely , Senator W . E . B . H e y b u r n .

Sena to r ia l et iquet te , as exempl i f i ed in the cases of Senator R a l p h B u r t o n , of Kansas , and Senator J o h n H . M i t c h ­e l l , of Oregon, requires that a senator under ind ic tment or c o n v i c t i o n must case to exercise h i s senator ia l func tions u n t i l the c loud i s removed f r o m him. The prospect of H e y b u r n be ing Idaho 's sole representat ive is bel ieved to be responsible in part f o r the effort of the Roosevelt a d m i n i s t r a t i o n to se­cure an acqu i t t a l f o r B o r a h , accom­panied by the d i s c r e d i t i n g and possible removal of the D i s t r i c t At torney Rsfl man M . R u i c k by t in d e t r i m e n t of jus t ice .

When M r . R u i c k first secured the in •licttnent of Senator Borah he was

The s ta 'e of Idaho w i l l soon be a h o r n e t s ' nest f o r the repub l ican p a r t y and the Roosevel t admin i s t r a t i on . The worke r s are g e t t i n g t i red of be ing bun­coed b y the B o r a h - G o o d i n g gang and w i l soon be ready to vote the soc ia l i s t t i cke t .

Te legraphers U n i o n M a y H a v e L o n g Hard F i g h t .

T h e board of d i rec tors of the West­ern U n i o n Te leg raph company have met a n d declared thei r quar te r ly d i ­v i d e n d and approved the a c t i o n of the c o m p a n y ' s officials in h a n d l i n g the s t r i ke .

M r . QssSfSM and M r . N e i l l have an­nounced the i r i n a b i l i t y to af fec t a set t lement of any k i n d a n d have q u i t .

B o t h sides ma in t a in s tou t ly tha t t i n y have no th ing to a rb i t r a t e , a n d i t seems now that the endurance of the s t r i k i n g telegraphers is to be tested, unless the great and on ly P re s iden t K ' losevel t shou ld step in to the breach and b r i n g the contestants together.

M e a n w h i l e , the telegraphers can push the i r c ampa ign f o r " g o v e r n m e n t ownersh ip of the t e l e g r a p h , " and i f

summoned post haste to Wash ing ton , j they w o u l d inves t iga te the p l a t f o r m « There, it is sa id , he was labored w i t h j a n d p rog rams of the S o c i a l i s t pa r ty by A t t o r n e y ( icnera l Bonapar te , i f not I tbey might d iscover that the i r inter-by Pres ident Roosevelt h imsel f , to con j ests as w e l l a* the interes ts of the sent t o a dismissal of the S M S against i whole w o r k i n g c l a m cou ld be served the senator ia l f a v o r i t e o ^ t h e admin j best by g e t t i n g in to th is i n t e rna t iona l i s t ra t ion f r o m Idaho. R u i c k , it is sa id , w o r k i n g class p o l i t i c a l pa r ty . B u t s tubbornly refused, i n s i s t i n g that Bo rah was g u i l t y and that he had the evidence to convic t h i m .

The a d m i n i s t r a t i o n bided i ts t ime, and just before the t r i a l of the ac­cused senator it sent a special agent of the department of jus t ice . .lodge M displace Ruick in the conduct of the prosecution. Hun-h has started his la

don't y i v i up your fight f o r we are a l l w i t h y o u and we w i l l a l l " s t i c k . "

I'' r i a Soc ia l i s t .

Austria. The Bohemian , or Czech ish Soc i a l i s t

P a r t y , held their A n n u a l Congress i n C. B u r c h of Denver , to Boise to P i l s e n — f a m o u s , it may be added, • •

the soune of P i l sener beer. The re were present 4'Jo delegates, and a l l tho

bors here by h a v i n g a special grand 24 Czech i sh delegates i n the A u s t r i a n j u ry summoned to inves t iga te R u i c k . ! Re ichs tag . It is the first congress

wh ich has been held f o r 1$ veaxs. A t

(Continued on Page 4.)

wi th a hope that some excuse can be found f o r r e m o v i n g h i m f r o m office.

Fr iends of M r . R u i c k say that, if he is the game tighter he has been dur ing his whole po l i t i c a l career, he w i l make publ ic the efforts w h i c h have been made by men in h igh places to cause him to desist i n the prosecution of Senator Borah . The re is l i t t l e doubt that R u i c k , i f so disposed, could u n f o l d a tale that woul 1 create the biggest k i n d of a p o l i t i c a l and j u d i c i a l sensa t ion.

R u i c k is a man of tremendous coin­age and u n l i m i t e d fighting qual i t ies . H e i s no more a f r a i d of VksSSWS Roosevel t than he is o f an Idaho jack r a b b i t ; and, i f he fee ls that he is be i n g out raged, he is l i k e l y to take the people of Idaho into h is confidence, an I remove the l i d f r o m what is be l ieved to be a po l i t i c a l scandal of the first magnitude.

The po l i t i c a l atmosphere here is charged w i t h e l ec t r i c i t y , and some t h i n g sensat ional is l i k e l y to happen any t ime.

Espec i a l l y when the social is t thun­der is tu rned loose.

the last e lec t ion the pa r ty won the i r sp lendid success, wi thout any eompro-• i a . against an a l l iance of the en t i re bourgeois part ies. Never the less our comrades ob ta ined 40 per cent of the votes cast in Bohemia , i n the <<>untry const i tuencies 30 per cent, and in M o ­r a v i a 41 per cent, w i t h 2< p< r cent i n count ry . T h e y got thus 400,000 vote*. In a d d i t i o n to that there were -0,000 Czech i sh votes i n other parts . The finances of the party are sa id to be sat i s f a c t o r y .

The house of representat ives, b y 37 votes to 20. last week passed a clause e n a b l i n g wot i to sit in the U p p e r house. The b i l l is f o r the e lec t ion o f the U p p e r house by the L o w e r , a most cur ious and novel k i n d of l eg i s l a t i ve check.

The amendment submi t t ed b y L o ­cal Reno. \ e \ , pub l i shed A p r i l 27th, which provides f o r nomina t ions b e i n g made accor l i n g to numer ica l choice, has been endorsed by L o c a l s S i o u x < i t y , l a . , and Sandusky , O.

RAILWAY BOILERMAKERS STRIKE The boi ler makers and boi le r maker

helpers employed on the ra i l roads run­ning northwest of C h i c a g o have gone on s t r i k e f o r the shorter w o r k day. The s t r i ke extends b o m Chicago to the l'uget sound country . The boi ler maU ers and their helpers have been work ing a ten hour day w i t h a l l the over­time they were able to s tand and de •Med that a l i t t l e of the rest cure wa« a BBSS' t h ing and that one hour less work each day would not work a hard­ship on anyone. The ra i l roads consid ered that they owned the bo i le rmakers ami that the men had no r igh t to say a n y t h i n g about how long the w o r k day should be, hence the s t r i ke . The s t r i ke is l i ab le to spread to other branches of the r a i l w a y se rv ice . The maehiti ist hclj>ers have handed in an u l t i matum to the ra i l roads wh ich must be compl ied w i t h by the 20th inst or they w i l l s t r i ke . The mach in i s t s and b lack smiths have l a t e ly s igned a schedule w i t h the r a i l r o a d but they say that they w i l ] not w o r k w i t h scab boi ler

make r s or helpers. T h e car repairer* are also p r e p a r i n g f o r s t r i k e . T h o car men are the hardest w o r k e d men and the lowest pa id f o r the work done on the r a i l r o a d . The car tuen have a just g r ievance , the ra i l roads treat thenr s h a m e f u l l y and w i l l seldom l i s ten to the i r g r ievance , and i f the car men s t r i ke , they w i l l have the sympathy o f a l l r a i l w a v workers .

The Internat ienal OsSjfSffSSJSS Sf Me

t a l W o r k e r s in Mrussel was marked ,

among other th ings by a most interest

i n g d iscuss ion ou the (!• n c r a l H t r ike ,

w h i c h was opened by our French Com

rade l^atapic. A l l the I 'elcgates who

spoke, however, i n the discussion, in ­

c l u d i n g a second French t r i d e unionis t ,

repudia ted bis advocacy of direct ac­

t ion and defended pa r l i amen ta r i sm

agains t his a t tack . T h e y agreed in advising the i r colleagues in F rance to .

talk less about revolution and to do. more practical organisation work.— Justice.

V O L tor the Party

•f Your Class M O N T A N A N E W S . O W N E D A N D P U B L I S H E D B Y "I H E S O C I A L I S T P A R T Y O f M O N T A N A

Abolish the Capi­

talist System

V O L . V. H E L E N A MONTANA. T H U R S D A Y , S E P T E M B E R L9 1907. NO. 44.

by Congress Immigration and Emigration of Work­

ers Often Means of Reducing Share in Labor's Product

Resolution adopted by the Interna

tienal Congress at Stuttgart, Aug. 16

to 24, 1907.

The International Socialist Congreta held at Stuttgart during the week of Aug. 16 to 24 passed the following re­solution on Emigration and Immigra tlon.

The congress declares: Immigraition and Emigration of

working men are phenomena as insep­arable from the substance of capital­ism as unemployment, overproduction and underconsumption of the working men, they are frequently one of the means to reduce the share of the work­ing men in the product of labor and at times they assume abnormal dimension* through political, religious and nation­al persecutions.

The congress does not consider ex ceptional measures of any kind, econ­omic or political, the means f o r remov­i n g any danger which may arise to the working class from i m m i g r » t i o n and emigration since such measures are fruitless and reactionary; especially not the restriction of the freedom of migration and the exclusion of foreign nations and races.

At the same time the congress de Clares it to be the duty of organized working men to protect themselves against the lowering of their standard of life which frequently results from the mass import of unorganized work ing men. The congress declares it to be their duty to prevent the import a n d export of strike breakers.

The congress recognizes the difficult iea which in many cases confront the working men of the countries of n more advanced stage of capitalist develop ment through the mass immigration of unorganized working men accustomed to a lower standard of life and coming f r o m countries of prevalently agricul tural and domestic civilization, and al •o the dangers which confronts them f r o m certain forms of immigration.

But the congress sees no proper solu­tion of these difficulties in the exclu sion of definite nations or races from immigration, a policy which is besides in conflict with the principles of pro letarian solidarity.

The congress, therefore recommends the following measures:

I. For the countries of immigra

tion: 1. Prohibition of the export and

import of such working men who have entered into a contract which deprive tbem of the liberty to dispose of their labor power and wages.

2. Legislation shortening the work day, fixing a minimum wage, regulat­ing the sweating system and house in­dustry and providing for strict super­vision of sanitary and dwelling condi­tions.

3. Abolition of all restrictions which exclude definite nationalities or races from the right of sojourn in the country and from the political and economic rights of the natives or make the acquisition of these rights more

d i f f i c u l t f o r them. I t also demands the greatest l a t i t ude in the laws o f na tur a l i z a t i on .

4. Eo r the trade unions of a l l coun­t r ies the f o l l o w i n g p r inc ip l e s sha l l h a w un ive r sa l app l i ca t ion in connec­t ion w i t h i t :

(a) . U n r e s t r i c t e d admiss ion of i m ­migra ted w o r k i n g men to the trade unions of a l l countr ies .

(b ) . E a l i c i t a t i n g the admiss ion o f members by means of fixing reasonable admiss ion fees.

(c) . F r ee t r an s f e r f r o m the organi­zat ions of one count ry to those of the other upon the discharge of the mem bership ob l iga t ions towards the fo rmer o rgan iza t i on .

(d) . The m a k i n g of i n t e rna t i ona l t rade union agreements fo r the purpose of r e g u l a t i n g these questions i n a de­finite and proper manner and enab l ing the r e a l i z a t i o n of these p r inc ip l e s on an i n t e rna t i ona l scope.

5. Suppor t of the trade unions of those count r ies f r o m wh ich the i m m i ­g ra t ion is c h i e f l l y recru i ted .

I I . F o r the count ry of e m i g r a t i o n :

1. A c t i v e propaganda f o r trade unionism.

2. En l igh tenmen t of the w o r k i n g men and the pub l i c at large on the true condi t ions of labor in the countr ies of i m m i g r a t i o n .

In v i e w of the faet that emig ra t i on of w o r k i n g men is o f t en a r t i f i c i a l l y s t imula ted by r a i l r o a d and s teamship companies, l and speculators and other s w i n d l i n g concerns through f a l s e and l y i n g promise* to w o r k i n g men, the congress demands :

C o n t r o l o f the steamship agencies and e m i g r a t i o n bureaus and lega l and a d m i n i s t r a t i v e measures aga ins t tbem in order to prevent that e m i g r a t i o n be abused in tho interests of such capi ta l i s t concerns.

I I I . R e g u l a t i o n o f the sys tem of t ranspor ta t ion , especia l ly on ships. Employmen t of inspectors w i t h discret­ionary power who should be selected by the o rgan ized w o r k i n g men of the countr ies of emig ra t i on and immig ra ­t ion . P r o t e c t i o n f o r the n e w l y ar­r i v e d i m m i g r a n t s , i n order that they may not become the v i c t i m s of cap i ta l is t exp lo i te r s .

In v i e w of the fac t that the trans­port of i m m i g r a n t s can only be regu lated on i n t e r n a t i o n a l basis, the con gress d i rec t s the In t e rna t iona l Soc ia l ­ist B u r e a u to prepare suggest ions f o r the r egu la t ion of th is quest ion, w h i c h shal l deal w i t h the condi t ions , arrange­ments and suppl ies of the ships, the a i r space to be a l l o w e d f o r each passenger as a m i n i m u m , and shal l l a y specia l stress, that tho i n d i v i d u a l emigran ts contract f o r the i r passage d i r e c t l y w i t h the t r anspo r t a t i on companies and w i t h out i n t e r v e n t i o n of midd lemen . These suggest ions sha l l be communica ted to tho var ious soc ia l i s t par t ies f o r the purpose o f l eg i s l a t i ve app l i c a t i on , and adapt ion as w e l l as f o r the purposes of p ropaganda .

WORK OF THE RANDAD SCHOOL The first year of the Rand School

notably successful. A n average of ten classes a week was given for the greater part of the school year. In addition, a course of free Sunday lectures wss given from Jan. 13 to April 28. The instructors in the reg ular courses were Morris Hillquit, W . J . Ghent, Dr. David Saville Muzzcv, Dr. Charles A. Beard, Franklin H . Oiddings, Tilden Sempers, Lucien San ial, Algernon Lee , Joseph Aldelman, Frederick C. Patterson, Mrs. Char­lotte Perkins Oilman, Edward K i n g and Charles Aronovici. Prof. John Ward Stimson and John II. Fry gave three lectures each, also in the regular instructional courses. The lecturers in the Sunday morning courses were Prof. Franklin H . Uiddings, John Martin, Mrs. Charlotte Perkins Oilman, M r . and Mrs. William English Walling, Mrs. Meta L . Stern, Mrs. Marion Craig Wentworth, Prof. Vida D. s.-uddor, Dr. Charles A . Beard, Dr. E . E . Slosson, Morris HiUqnit, Miss Mkry MscAr tbur, Algsrnon Las, Miss Elisabeth B . Butler, W. B. Ghent and George Willis

Cooks. The attendance in the regular classes ranged for 2 to 25, and at the Sunday lectures from 25 to 140. There were 566 s i ng l e paid admiss ions to lectures i n the regular courses. The numl>er of s tudents who at tended one or more courses (exc lus ive of the Sun­day lec tures) was 6,819. O f the 221 enrol led s tudeuts 128 were men and M were women . O f the men ,74 were members of the soc ia l i s t pa r t y , 4 of the S o c i a l i s t I>abor par ty and 50 were non members. O f the women, 32 were members, or wtives or daughters of members, o f the Soc i a l i s t pa r ty , and 61 were non-members. A number of persons who enroled as non-members have since j o ined the par ty .

Fight For Free Speech

Whitewash Necessary

Street Packed With People for Two Efforts Blocks—20,000 in Line Fol­

lowed to Station

Denmark. A congress of women servants rec­

ently held in Copenhagen and attend ed by 15 delegates, resolved to ask the government to enforce the law for bidding mistresses to employ thsir ser vants after 7 p. m. on ordinary Jays or S p. m on Sunehys. English ser­vants might wsll s>gh for rack n law.

The pub l ic a t t en t ion i n Spokane has never been so general ly aroused as in the case of the arrest laBt S a t u r d a y n ight and the subsequent proceeding*.

The demons t ra t ion on that occasion was f o l l o w e d by a packed house i n O l i v e r ha l l Sunday evening. The ha l l w9s in no way adequate to hold the c rowd , only about IN b e i n g able to get in whi le 1,000 were tu rned away . A n d th is was done wi th a twen ty five cent admiss ion charged.

The address was on " T h e Lessons of the H a y w o o d T r i a l , " but occasion was taken to show the nature of the co r rup t i on of c i t y a d m i n i s t r a t i o n un­der a government that is based on the rule of a f e w over the many fo r the sake of greed.

The speaker ' s desk was covered w i t h b e a u t i f u l bouquets, and there seemed to be the utmost interest awakened in the p rac t i ca l issues of personal r igh ts that are at our doors.

The t r i a l had been set f o r M o n d a y a f t e rnoon at 1:30. When we reached the court room the place was jammed. T h e o f f i c ious at tachces of the court seemed amazed. The fa t , porky bai li tf was s h o w i n g more impor tance and au thor i ty than K i n g E d w a r d would ever have a r roga ted bo h i m s e l f , b a w l i n g out useless ins t ruc t ions i n a loud tone of vo ice , a n d shov ing the poor d runks and prost i tu tes that had been run in , a round as tho they were cat t le . Mos t of them seemed dazed at the ' o f f i c i a l " atmosphere and were fined and sentenced In silence, or, i f they d id at tempt to s t a m m e J out a f e w words were soon overwhelmed by the strange ness, the power and the i n j u s t i c e of the machine, that had first t a k e n away a l l poss ib l i ty of a decent l i f e , and then was c r u s h i n g these helpless creatures w i t h the weight of the s t ruc tu re that Prof i t s had ra ised f o r i t s o w n interests

A s I took the chai r of the accused, th is o f f i c ious personage began the shov­i n g process on me. I p r o m p t l y cor rected h im as to his place w h e n a gen era l uproar seemed to come f r o m a l l tho " o f f i c i o u s " personages assembled there. A f t e r I bad pleaded not g u i l t y , aud our a t torney , M r . K i r b e y , come f o r w a r d to take charge of the case, the judge announced that i f the matter was to take any considerable t ime, be would postpone it as his docket was f u l l . We had learne I p r e v i o u s l y that but l i t t l e cou ld be expec ted f r o m th is J u d g e l l i n k l c , and tha t be was go ing on a vaca t ion , so our l awyer acked f o r a cont inuance o f the case t i l l Thu r sday when another man would be on the bench.

N o w camo the dramat ic part of the proceedings. A s I arose I turned to the b a i l i f f and to ld h im that I wanted h i m to keep his hands off m y person. H o immed ia t e ly s tar ted h i s uproar aga in , and 1 t u rned to the judge and asked f o r pro tec t ion , as the person o f an i n d i v i d u a l under bond is immune. Instead of the judge l i s t e n i n g to ray appeal to h im, tho ha l f d r u n k e n f e l l o w begun to pound b is desk, s a id he d i d n ' t wan t a n y sensat ion there, and or­dered the b a i l i f f to t ake me out. Whereupon the b r u t a l lubber seized me when I was m a k i n g no res is tance what­ever and pushed and c a r r i e d me to the door, where Comrade B a r b e r stepped between h i m a n d me.

T h e d i s g r a c e f u l scene caused an up­roar. T h e audience composed almost en t i r e ly of the socia l i s t s and the i r f r i e n d s rose as one man to see what this i d io t i c court was g o i n g to do w i t h me. W h e n I w a l k e d out w i t h the coin miles a round me, M r . K i r b y asked if ho migh t c a l l our witnesses together. T h o j u d g e re fused his request when M r . K i r b y w a v e d his band and the whole c r o w d came t r e m b l i n g out a f t e r me. T o say (he judge was ustonished at these developments , w o u l d be ex press ing i t m i l d l y . The o l d f e l o w learn ed someth iug o f the s t reng th of the socia l i s t sent iment in S p o k a n e that ho never k n e w before .

The papers came out w i t h the most a t roc ious ly perver ted accounts of the affair. T h e y s a i d I fought w i t h the bailiff and a\tompted to harangue the court, both of which statements are absolutely false. They also said 500 people swarmed over the railing to pro­tect tkeir idol. But of course we are used to such glaring untruths from the

sheets that uphold the v i c ious capi­t a l i s t system.

When 1 was arrested on Sa turday uigbt , the drag net was th rown out, a n d a young f e l l o w by the name of Thompson was c lu tched by the police and taken to the s ta t ion , a (25 bond was placed upon h im also. There has been something amus ing about th is y o u n g man ' s case. H i s brother has been the social is t o f the f a m i l y , and a l l the way to the s ta t ion he had been c u t t i n g in to keep h i m out of the hands of the police. H e and his w i f e run the M o n t a n a rooming house, he is a y o u n g man of excellent character , and the last t h ing In- ever thought of was be­i n g arrested f o r lead ing a mob. The comrades are t aken care of his case also, and he took a cont inuance to Thursday l ikewise .

But it was M o n d a y e v e n i n g that gave a demonstrat ion more remarkab le even than tin- one of S a t u r d a y night when Ho,iino cheer ing people l i ned the streets ami f o l l o w e d us to and f r o m the pol ice s ta t ion . W e had planned to hold another street mee t ing , and eight o ' c lock was the hour named. L o n g before that t ime some o f the comrades came to my room and said the street was massed w i t h people. W h e n 1 a r r ived it was w i t h the utmost d i f f i c u l t y that my box could be placed and I mounted upon i t . S u c h a sea of faces I never looked into. The street was packed so l id f o r two b locks f r o m w a l l to w a l l . T h i s mass of humani ty had come to see i f I w o u l d be arrested again , as the evening papers had spread the news ( . f the outrages at court in the a f t e rnoon . T w e n t y po l icemen were present, among them the c h i e f ; but they looked at the c rowd and gave it up. T h e y to ld Comrade L i c h t y to go ahead. N o less than 10,000 people were massed together there. Tucs . lay evening the sensat ional f ea tu re had worn off. W'e had won the fight. There was a large c rowd present, about 1,500. We had a good meet ing and sold a l l our l i te ra ture .

Thursday a f t e rnoon we came to t r i a l baftl J u d g e H y d e . M r . K i r b y had spoken to h im previous ly about the protect ion o f my person, u n d received the reply that no one had a r igh t to touch me. T h e court room was packed to every i nch of s t and ing room. I V licemen were s ta t ioned a l l over the room as though they were to deal w i t h a convoy o f Russ i an c r i m i n a l s . M r . Pence, a social is t l awyer , was asso elated w i t h M r . K i r b y in charge of tho case. M r . R icha rdson b e i n g s t i l l out of town.

The prosecution cal led five witnesses two o f them be ing pol icemen, and a l l testif ied s i m p l y that there was a b i g •WWd! and they thought the street was b l o c k c l . W e ca l led fifteen witneses, men and women, aud had more to c a l l i f they were needed. Our people p roved conclus ively that the s i d c w a l k e was nevi r b locked so people could not pass, that teams were cont inous ly pass ing on the idhe r side, thnt as soon as the policeman t o l d me I must c lear the sidewalk, that I spoke to the people and they came f o r w a r d at once. T h e prosecution was so ro t ten that i t looked p o s i t i v e l y foo l i sh . I t d i d one good to see my witnesses come up, people I never saw before , and t e s t i f y to the u t te r u n t r u t h f u l n e s s of the bur­l y , ove r fed o f f i ce r ' • charges.

It soemeJ to create qu i te a l i t l e in terest as I took the s tan I and stated that I wou ld not swear but a f f i r m . The r id iculous use of the word C o d , by-people who never use it except in pro t'anity as to cover a l ie ought to suf­fice to make a l l social is ts d i sca rd i t i n court. The prosecut ing a t torney asked me about th i s , but I appealed to the judge that such was my pr iv i l ege , and was sustained. The reporters a f t e r wards asked mo about this .

A t the close o f the tes t imony tho judge said ho wou ld l i k e to hear a rgu ment on the mat te r and the decis ion was postponed t i l l Wednesday , the 18.

A f t e r my case that of Thompson was ca l led . Three big b r u t a l pol icemen •wore to lias about h i m and the judge fined him >.Vi a n d costs. W o took an appeal, a n d w i l l t r y tho case before a j o t y .

Being Made to Have Prose­cuting Attorney Desist—Big­

gest Sensation Feared Boise , Idaho, Sep t .—Unless a coat

of whi tewash can be app l ied to Sen­ator W . E . Borah , now under indict ­ment f o r land f r a u d s , before December 1, Ii laho w i l l be represented i n the next session of the U n i t e d Sta tes sen ate only by one senator, and that, too by a man as hosti le to the plans and intr igues of the Roosevel t adminis t ra ­t ion as Borah is f r i e n d l y to them. Namely , Senator W . E . B . H e y b u r n .

Sena to r ia l et iquet te , as exempl i f i ed in the cases of Senator R a l p h B u r t o n , of Kansas , and Senator J o h n H . M i t c h ­e l l , of Oregon, requires that a senator under ind ic tment or c o n v i c t i o n must case to exercise h i s senator ia l func tions u n t i l the c loud i s removed f r o m him. The prospect of H e y b u r n be ing Idaho 's sole representat ive is bel ieved to be responsible in part f o r the effort of the Roosevelt a d m i n i s t r a t i o n to se­cure an acqu i t t a l f o r B o r a h , accom­panied by the d i s c r e d i t i n g and possible removal of the D i s t r i c t At torney Rsfl man M . R u i c k by t in d e t r i m e n t of jus t ice .

When M r . R u i c k first secured the in •licttnent of Senator Borah he was

The s ta 'e of Idaho w i l l soon be a h o r n e t s ' nest f o r the repub l ican p a r t y and the Roosevel t admin i s t r a t i on . The worke r s are g e t t i n g t i red of be ing bun­coed b y the B o r a h - G o o d i n g gang and w i l soon be ready to vote the soc ia l i s t t i cke t .

Te legraphers U n i o n M a y H a v e L o n g Hard F i g h t .

T h e board of d i rec tors of the West­ern U n i o n Te leg raph company have met a n d declared thei r quar te r ly d i ­v i d e n d and approved the a c t i o n of the c o m p a n y ' s officials in h a n d l i n g the s t r i ke .

M r . QssSfSM and M r . N e i l l have an­nounced the i r i n a b i l i t y to af fec t a set t lement of any k i n d a n d have q u i t .

B o t h sides ma in t a in s tou t ly tha t t i n y have no th ing to a rb i t r a t e , a n d i t seems now that the endurance of the s t r i k i n g telegraphers is to be tested, unless the great and on ly P re s iden t K ' losevel t shou ld step in to the breach and b r i n g the contestants together.

M e a n w h i l e , the telegraphers can push the i r c ampa ign f o r " g o v e r n m e n t ownersh ip of the t e l e g r a p h , " and i f

summoned post haste to Wash ing ton , j they w o u l d inves t iga te the p l a t f o r m « There, it is sa id , he was labored w i t h j a n d p rog rams of the S o c i a l i s t pa r ty by A t t o r n e y ( icnera l Bonapar te , i f not I tbey might d iscover that the i r inter-by Pres ident Roosevelt h imsel f , to con j ests as w e l l a* the interes ts of the sent t o a dismissal of the S M S against i whole w o r k i n g c l a m cou ld be served the senator ia l f a v o r i t e o ^ t h e admin j best by g e t t i n g in to th is i n t e rna t iona l i s t ra t ion f r o m Idaho. R u i c k , it is sa id , w o r k i n g class p o l i t i c a l pa r ty . B u t s tubbornly refused, i n s i s t i n g that Bo rah was g u i l t y and that he had the evidence to convic t h i m .

The a d m i n i s t r a t i o n bided i ts t ime, and just before the t r i a l of the ac­cused senator it sent a special agent of the department of jus t ice . .lodge M displace Ruick in the conduct of the prosecution. Hun-h has started his la

don't y i v i up your fight f o r we are a l l w i t h y o u and we w i l l a l l " s t i c k . "

I'' r i a Soc ia l i s t .

Austria. The Bohemian , or Czech ish Soc i a l i s t

P a r t y , held their A n n u a l Congress i n C. B u r c h of Denver , to Boise to P i l s e n — f a m o u s , it may be added, • •

the soune of P i l sener beer. The re were present 4'Jo delegates, and a l l tho

bors here by h a v i n g a special grand 24 Czech i sh delegates i n the A u s t r i a n j u ry summoned to inves t iga te R u i c k . ! Re ichs tag . It is the first congress

wh ich has been held f o r 1$ veaxs. A t

(Continued on Page 4.)

wi th a hope that some excuse can be found f o r r e m o v i n g h i m f r o m office.

Fr iends of M r . R u i c k say that, if he is the game tighter he has been dur ing his whole po l i t i c a l career, he w i l make publ ic the efforts w h i c h have been made by men in h igh places to cause him to desist i n the prosecution of Senator Borah . The re is l i t t l e doubt that R u i c k , i f so disposed, could u n f o l d a tale that woul 1 create the biggest k i n d of a p o l i t i c a l and j u d i c i a l sensa t ion.

R u i c k is a man of tremendous coin­age and u n l i m i t e d fighting qual i t ies . H e i s no more a f r a i d of VksSSWS Roosevel t than he is o f an Idaho jack r a b b i t ; and, i f he fee ls that he is be i n g out raged, he is l i k e l y to take the people of Idaho into h is confidence, an I remove the l i d f r o m what is be l ieved to be a po l i t i c a l scandal of the first magnitude.

The po l i t i c a l atmosphere here is charged w i t h e l ec t r i c i t y , and some t h i n g sensat ional is l i k e l y to happen any t ime.

Espec i a l l y when the social is t thun­der is tu rned loose.

the last e lec t ion the pa r ty won the i r sp lendid success, wi thout any eompro-• i a . against an a l l iance of the en t i re bourgeois part ies. Never the less our comrades ob ta ined 40 per cent of the votes cast in Bohemia , i n the <<>untry const i tuencies 30 per cent, and in M o ­r a v i a 41 per cent, w i t h 2< p< r cent i n count ry . T h e y got thus 400,000 vote*. In a d d i t i o n to that there were -0,000 Czech i sh votes i n other parts . The finances of the party are sa id to be sat i s f a c t o r y .

The house of representat ives, b y 37 votes to 20. last week passed a clause e n a b l i n g wot i to sit in the U p p e r house. The b i l l is f o r the e lec t ion o f the U p p e r house by the L o w e r , a most cur ious and novel k i n d of l eg i s l a t i ve check.

The amendment submi t t ed b y L o ­cal Reno. \ e \ , pub l i shed A p r i l 27th, which provides f o r nomina t ions b e i n g made accor l i n g to numer ica l choice, has been endorsed by L o c a l s S i o u x < i t y , l a . , and Sandusky , O.

RAILWAY BOILERMAKERS STRIKE The boi ler makers and boi le r maker

helpers employed on the ra i l roads run­ning northwest of C h i c a g o have gone on s t r i k e f o r the shorter w o r k day. The s t r i ke extends b o m Chicago to the l'uget sound country . The boi ler maU ers and their helpers have been work ing a ten hour day w i t h a l l the over­time they were able to s tand and de •Med that a l i t t l e of the rest cure wa« a BBSS' t h ing and that one hour less work each day would not work a hard­ship on anyone. The ra i l roads consid ered that they owned the bo i le rmakers ami that the men had no r igh t to say a n y t h i n g about how long the w o r k day should be, hence the s t r i ke . The s t r i ke is l i ab le to spread to other branches of the r a i l w a y se rv ice . The maehiti ist hclj>ers have handed in an u l t i matum to the ra i l roads wh ich must be compl ied w i t h by the 20th inst or they w i l l s t r i ke . The mach in i s t s and b lack smiths have l a t e ly s igned a schedule w i t h the r a i l r o a d but they say that they w i l ] not w o r k w i t h scab boi ler

make r s or helpers. T h e car repairer* are also p r e p a r i n g f o r s t r i k e . T h o car men are the hardest w o r k e d men and the lowest pa id f o r the work done on the r a i l r o a d . The car tuen have a just g r ievance , the ra i l roads treat thenr s h a m e f u l l y and w i l l seldom l i s ten to the i r g r ievance , and i f the car men s t r i ke , they w i l l have the sympathy o f a l l r a i l w a v workers .

The Internat ienal OsSjfSffSSJSS Sf Me

t a l W o r k e r s in Mrussel was marked ,

among other th ings by a most interest

i n g d iscuss ion ou the (!• n c r a l H t r ike ,

w h i c h was opened by our French Com

rade l^atapic. A l l the I 'elcgates who

spoke, however, i n the discussion, in ­

c l u d i n g a second French t r i d e unionis t ,

repudia ted bis advocacy of direct ac­

t ion and defended pa r l i amen ta r i sm

agains t his a t tack . T h e y agreed in advising the i r colleagues in F rance to .

talk less about revolution and to do. more practical organisation work.— Justice.

V O L tor the Party

•f Your Class M O N T A N A N E W S . O W N E D A N D P U B L I S H E D B Y "I H E S O C I A L I S T P A R T Y O f M O N T A N A

Abolish the Capi­

talist System

V O L . V. H E L E N A MONTANA. T H U R S D A Y , S E P T E M B E R L9 1907. NO. 44.

by Congress Immigration and Emigration of Work­

ers Often Means of Reducing Share in Labor's Product

Resolution adopted by the Interna

tienal Congress at Stuttgart, Aug. 16

to 24, 1907.

The International Socialist Congreta held at Stuttgart during the week of Aug. 16 to 24 passed the following re­solution on Emigration and Immigra tlon.

The congress declares: Immigraition and Emigration of

working men are phenomena as insep­arable from the substance of capital­ism as unemployment, overproduction and underconsumption of the working men, they are frequently one of the means to reduce the share of the work­ing men in the product of labor and at times they assume abnormal dimension* through political, religious and nation­al persecutions.

The congress does not consider ex ceptional measures of any kind, econ­omic or political, the means f o r remov­i n g any danger which may arise to the working class from i m m i g r » t i o n and emigration since such measures are fruitless and reactionary; especially not the restriction of the freedom of migration and the exclusion of foreign nations and races.

At the same time the congress de Clares it to be the duty of organized working men to protect themselves against the lowering of their standard of life which frequently results from the mass import of unorganized work ing men. The congress declares it to be their duty to prevent the import a n d export of strike breakers.

The congress recognizes the difficult iea which in many cases confront the working men of the countries of n more advanced stage of capitalist develop ment through the mass immigration of unorganized working men accustomed to a lower standard of life and coming f r o m countries of prevalently agricul tural and domestic civilization, and al •o the dangers which confronts them f r o m certain forms of immigration.

But the congress sees no proper solu­tion of these difficulties in the exclu sion of definite nations or races from immigration, a policy which is besides in conflict with the principles of pro letarian solidarity.

The congress, therefore recommends the following measures:

I. For the countries of immigra

tion: 1. Prohibition of the export and

import of such working men who have entered into a contract which deprive tbem of the liberty to dispose of their labor power and wages.

2. Legislation shortening the work day, fixing a minimum wage, regulat­ing the sweating system and house in­dustry and providing for strict super­vision of sanitary and dwelling condi­tions.

3. Abolition of all restrictions which exclude definite nationalities or races from the right of sojourn in the country and from the political and economic rights of the natives or make the acquisition of these rights more

d i f f i c u l t f o r them. I t also demands the greatest l a t i t ude in the laws o f na tur a l i z a t i on .

4. Eo r the trade unions of a l l coun­t r ies the f o l l o w i n g p r inc ip l e s sha l l h a w un ive r sa l app l i ca t ion in connec­t ion w i t h i t :

(a) . U n r e s t r i c t e d admiss ion of i m ­migra ted w o r k i n g men to the trade unions of a l l countr ies .

(b ) . E a l i c i t a t i n g the admiss ion o f members by means of fixing reasonable admiss ion fees.

(c) . F r ee t r an s f e r f r o m the organi­zat ions of one count ry to those of the other upon the discharge of the mem bership ob l iga t ions towards the fo rmer o rgan iza t i on .

(d) . The m a k i n g of i n t e rna t i ona l t rade union agreements fo r the purpose of r e g u l a t i n g these questions i n a de­finite and proper manner and enab l ing the r e a l i z a t i o n of these p r inc ip l e s on an i n t e rna t i ona l scope.

5. Suppor t of the trade unions of those count r ies f r o m wh ich the i m m i ­g ra t ion is c h i e f l l y recru i ted .

I I . F o r the count ry of e m i g r a t i o n :

1. A c t i v e propaganda f o r trade unionism.

2. En l igh tenmen t of the w o r k i n g men and the pub l i c at large on the true condi t ions of labor in the countr ies of i m m i g r a t i o n .

In v i e w of the faet that emig ra t i on of w o r k i n g men is o f t en a r t i f i c i a l l y s t imula ted by r a i l r o a d and s teamship companies, l and speculators and other s w i n d l i n g concerns through f a l s e and l y i n g promise* to w o r k i n g men, the congress demands :

C o n t r o l o f the steamship agencies and e m i g r a t i o n bureaus and lega l and a d m i n i s t r a t i v e measures aga ins t tbem in order to prevent that e m i g r a t i o n be abused in tho interests of such capi ta l i s t concerns.

I I I . R e g u l a t i o n o f the sys tem of t ranspor ta t ion , especia l ly on ships. Employmen t of inspectors w i t h discret­ionary power who should be selected by the o rgan ized w o r k i n g men of the countr ies of emig ra t i on and immig ra ­t ion . P r o t e c t i o n f o r the n e w l y ar­r i v e d i m m i g r a n t s , i n order that they may not become the v i c t i m s of cap i ta l is t exp lo i te r s .

In v i e w of the fac t that the trans­port of i m m i g r a n t s can only be regu lated on i n t e r n a t i o n a l basis, the con gress d i rec t s the In t e rna t iona l Soc ia l ­ist B u r e a u to prepare suggest ions f o r the r egu la t ion of th is quest ion, w h i c h shal l deal w i t h the condi t ions , arrange­ments and suppl ies of the ships, the a i r space to be a l l o w e d f o r each passenger as a m i n i m u m , and shal l l a y specia l stress, that tho i n d i v i d u a l emigran ts contract f o r the i r passage d i r e c t l y w i t h the t r anspo r t a t i on companies and w i t h out i n t e r v e n t i o n of midd lemen . These suggest ions sha l l be communica ted to tho var ious soc ia l i s t par t ies f o r the purpose o f l eg i s l a t i ve app l i c a t i on , and adapt ion as w e l l as f o r the purposes of p ropaganda .

WORK OF THE RANDAD SCHOOL The first year of the Rand School

notably successful. A n average of ten classes a week was given for the greater part of the school year. In addition, a course of free Sunday lectures wss given from Jan. 13 to April 28. The instructors in the reg ular courses were Morris Hillquit, W . J . Ghent, Dr. David Saville Muzzcv, Dr. Charles A. Beard, Franklin H . Oiddings, Tilden Sempers, Lucien San ial, Algernon Lee , Joseph Aldelman, Frederick C. Patterson, Mrs. Char­lotte Perkins Oilman, Edward K i n g and Charles Aronovici. Prof. John Ward Stimson and John II. Fry gave three lectures each, also in the regular instructional courses. The lecturers in the Sunday morning courses were Prof. Franklin H . Uiddings, John Martin, Mrs. Charlotte Perkins Oilman, M r . and Mrs. William English Walling, Mrs. Meta L . Stern, Mrs. Marion Craig Wentworth, Prof. Vida D. s.-uddor, Dr. Charles A . Beard, Dr. E . E . Slosson, Morris HiUqnit, Miss Mkry MscAr tbur, Algsrnon Las, Miss Elisabeth B . Butler, W. B. Ghent and George Willis

Cooks. The attendance in the regular classes ranged for 2 to 25, and at the Sunday lectures from 25 to 140. There were 566 s i ng l e paid admiss ions to lectures i n the regular courses. The numl>er of s tudents who at tended one or more courses (exc lus ive of the Sun­day lec tures) was 6,819. O f the 221 enrol led s tudeuts 128 were men and M were women . O f the men ,74 were members of the soc ia l i s t pa r t y , 4 of the S o c i a l i s t I>abor par ty and 50 were non members. O f the women, 32 were members, or wtives or daughters of members, o f the Soc i a l i s t pa r ty , and 61 were non-members. A number of persons who enroled as non-members have since j o ined the par ty .

Fight For Free Speech

Whitewash Necessary

Street Packed With People for Two Efforts Blocks—20,000 in Line Fol­

lowed to Station

Denmark. A congress of women servants rec­

ently held in Copenhagen and attend ed by 15 delegates, resolved to ask the government to enforce the law for bidding mistresses to employ thsir ser vants after 7 p. m. on ordinary Jays or S p. m on Sunehys. English ser­vants might wsll s>gh for rack n law.

The pub l ic a t t en t ion i n Spokane has never been so general ly aroused as in the case of the arrest laBt S a t u r d a y n ight and the subsequent proceeding*.

The demons t ra t ion on that occasion was f o l l o w e d by a packed house i n O l i v e r ha l l Sunday evening. The ha l l w9s in no way adequate to hold the c rowd , only about IN b e i n g able to get in whi le 1,000 were tu rned away . A n d th is was done wi th a twen ty five cent admiss ion charged.

The address was on " T h e Lessons of the H a y w o o d T r i a l , " but occasion was taken to show the nature of the co r rup t i on of c i t y a d m i n i s t r a t i o n un­der a government that is based on the rule of a f e w over the many fo r the sake of greed.

The speaker ' s desk was covered w i t h b e a u t i f u l bouquets, and there seemed to be the utmost interest awakened in the p rac t i ca l issues of personal r igh ts that are at our doors.

The t r i a l had been set f o r M o n d a y a f t e rnoon at 1:30. When we reached the court room the place was jammed. T h e o f f i c ious at tachces of the court seemed amazed. The fa t , porky bai li tf was s h o w i n g more impor tance and au thor i ty than K i n g E d w a r d would ever have a r roga ted bo h i m s e l f , b a w l i n g out useless ins t ruc t ions i n a loud tone of vo ice , a n d shov ing the poor d runks and prost i tu tes that had been run in , a round as tho they were cat t le . Mos t of them seemed dazed at the ' o f f i c i a l " atmosphere and were fined and sentenced In silence, or, i f they d id at tempt to s t a m m e J out a f e w words were soon overwhelmed by the strange ness, the power and the i n j u s t i c e of the machine, that had first t a k e n away a l l poss ib l i ty of a decent l i f e , and then was c r u s h i n g these helpless creatures w i t h the weight of the s t ruc tu re that Prof i t s had ra ised f o r i t s o w n interests

A s I took the chai r of the accused, th is o f f i c ious personage began the shov­i n g process on me. I p r o m p t l y cor rected h im as to his place w h e n a gen era l uproar seemed to come f r o m a l l tho " o f f i c i o u s " personages assembled there. A f t e r I bad pleaded not g u i l t y , aud our a t torney , M r . K i r b e y , come f o r w a r d to take charge of the case, the judge announced that i f the matter was to take any considerable t ime, be would postpone it as his docket was f u l l . We had learne I p r e v i o u s l y that but l i t t l e cou ld be expec ted f r o m th is J u d g e l l i n k l c , and tha t be was go ing on a vaca t ion , so our l awyer acked f o r a cont inuance o f the case t i l l Thu r sday when another man would be on the bench.

N o w camo the dramat ic part of the proceedings. A s I arose I turned to the b a i l i f f and to ld h im that I wanted h i m to keep his hands off m y person. H o immed ia t e ly s tar ted h i s uproar aga in , and 1 t u rned to the judge and asked f o r pro tec t ion , as the person o f an i n d i v i d u a l under bond is immune. Instead of the judge l i s t e n i n g to ray appeal to h im, tho ha l f d r u n k e n f e l l o w begun to pound b is desk, s a id he d i d n ' t wan t a n y sensat ion there, and or­dered the b a i l i f f to t ake me out. Whereupon the b r u t a l lubber seized me when I was m a k i n g no res is tance what­ever and pushed and c a r r i e d me to the door, where Comrade B a r b e r stepped between h i m a n d me.

T h e d i s g r a c e f u l scene caused an up­roar. T h e audience composed almost en t i r e ly of the socia l i s t s and the i r f r i e n d s rose as one man to see what this i d io t i c court was g o i n g to do w i t h me. W h e n I w a l k e d out w i t h the coin miles a round me, M r . K i r b y asked if ho migh t c a l l our witnesses together. T h o j u d g e re fused his request when M r . K i r b y w a v e d his band and the whole c r o w d came t r e m b l i n g out a f t e r me. T o say (he judge was ustonished at these developments , w o u l d be ex press ing i t m i l d l y . The o l d f e l o w learn ed someth iug o f the s t reng th of the socia l i s t sent iment in S p o k a n e that ho never k n e w before .

The papers came out w i t h the most a t roc ious ly perver ted accounts of the affair. T h e y s a i d I fought w i t h the bailiff and a\tompted to harangue the court, both of which statements are absolutely false. They also said 500 people swarmed over the railing to pro­tect tkeir idol. But of course we are used to such glaring untruths from the

sheets that uphold the v i c ious capi­t a l i s t system.

When 1 was arrested on Sa turday uigbt , the drag net was th rown out, a n d a young f e l l o w by the name of Thompson was c lu tched by the police and taken to the s ta t ion , a (25 bond was placed upon h im also. There has been something amus ing about th is y o u n g man ' s case. H i s brother has been the social is t o f the f a m i l y , and a l l the way to the s ta t ion he had been c u t t i n g in to keep h i m out of the hands of the police. H e and his w i f e run the M o n t a n a rooming house, he is a y o u n g man of excellent character , and the last t h ing In- ever thought of was be­i n g arrested f o r lead ing a mob. The comrades are t aken care of his case also, and he took a cont inuance to Thursday l ikewise .

But it was M o n d a y e v e n i n g that gave a demonstrat ion more remarkab le even than tin- one of S a t u r d a y night when Ho,iino cheer ing people l i ned the streets ami f o l l o w e d us to and f r o m the pol ice s ta t ion . W e had planned to hold another street mee t ing , and eight o ' c lock was the hour named. L o n g before that t ime some o f the comrades came to my room and said the street was massed w i t h people. W h e n 1 a r r ived it was w i t h the utmost d i f f i c u l t y that my box could be placed and I mounted upon i t . S u c h a sea of faces I never looked into. The street was packed so l id f o r two b locks f r o m w a l l to w a l l . T h i s mass of humani ty had come to see i f I w o u l d be arrested again , as the evening papers had spread the news ( . f the outrages at court in the a f t e rnoon . T w e n t y po l icemen were present, among them the c h i e f ; but they looked at the c rowd and gave it up. T h e y to ld Comrade L i c h t y to go ahead. N o less than 10,000 people were massed together there. Tucs . lay evening the sensat ional f ea tu re had worn off. W'e had won the fight. There was a large c rowd present, about 1,500. We had a good meet ing and sold a l l our l i te ra ture .

Thursday a f t e rnoon we came to t r i a l baftl J u d g e H y d e . M r . K i r b y had spoken to h im previous ly about the protect ion o f my person, u n d received the reply that no one had a r igh t to touch me. T h e court room was packed to every i nch of s t and ing room. I V licemen were s ta t ioned a l l over the room as though they were to deal w i t h a convoy o f Russ i an c r i m i n a l s . M r . Pence, a social is t l awyer , was asso elated w i t h M r . K i r b y in charge of tho case. M r . R icha rdson b e i n g s t i l l out of town.

The prosecution cal led five witnesses two o f them be ing pol icemen, and a l l testif ied s i m p l y that there was a b i g •WWd! and they thought the street was b l o c k c l . W e ca l led fifteen witneses, men and women, aud had more to c a l l i f they were needed. Our people p roved conclus ively that the s i d c w a l k e was nevi r b locked so people could not pass, that teams were cont inous ly pass ing on the idhe r side, thnt as soon as the policeman t o l d me I must c lear the sidewalk, that I spoke to the people and they came f o r w a r d at once. T h e prosecution was so ro t ten that i t looked p o s i t i v e l y foo l i sh . I t d i d one good to see my witnesses come up, people I never saw before , and t e s t i f y to the u t te r u n t r u t h f u l n e s s of the bur­l y , ove r fed o f f i ce r ' • charges.

It soemeJ to create qu i te a l i t l e in terest as I took the s tan I and stated that I wou ld not swear but a f f i r m . The r id iculous use of the word C o d , by-people who never use it except in pro t'anity as to cover a l ie ought to suf­fice to make a l l social is ts d i sca rd i t i n court. The prosecut ing a t torney asked me about th i s , but I appealed to the judge that such was my pr iv i l ege , and was sustained. The reporters a f t e r wards asked mo about this .

A t the close o f the tes t imony tho judge said ho wou ld l i k e to hear a rgu ment on the mat te r and the decis ion was postponed t i l l Wednesday , the 18.

A f t e r my case that of Thompson was ca l led . Three big b r u t a l pol icemen •wore to lias about h i m and the judge fined him >.Vi a n d costs. W o took an appeal, a n d w i l l t r y tho case before a j o t y .

Being Made to Have Prose­cuting Attorney Desist—Big­

gest Sensation Feared Boise , Idaho, Sep t .—Unless a coat

of whi tewash can be app l ied to Sen­ator W . E . Borah , now under indict ­ment f o r land f r a u d s , before December 1, Ii laho w i l l be represented i n the next session of the U n i t e d Sta tes sen ate only by one senator, and that, too by a man as hosti le to the plans and intr igues of the Roosevel t adminis t ra ­t ion as Borah is f r i e n d l y to them. Namely , Senator W . E . B . H e y b u r n .

Sena to r ia l et iquet te , as exempl i f i ed in the cases of Senator R a l p h B u r t o n , of Kansas , and Senator J o h n H . M i t c h ­e l l , of Oregon, requires that a senator under ind ic tment or c o n v i c t i o n must case to exercise h i s senator ia l func tions u n t i l the c loud i s removed f r o m him. The prospect of H e y b u r n be ing Idaho 's sole representat ive is bel ieved to be responsible in part f o r the effort of the Roosevelt a d m i n i s t r a t i o n to se­cure an acqu i t t a l f o r B o r a h , accom­panied by the d i s c r e d i t i n g and possible removal of the D i s t r i c t At torney Rsfl man M . R u i c k by t in d e t r i m e n t of jus t ice .

When M r . R u i c k first secured the in •licttnent of Senator Borah he was

The s ta 'e of Idaho w i l l soon be a h o r n e t s ' nest f o r the repub l ican p a r t y and the Roosevel t admin i s t r a t i on . The worke r s are g e t t i n g t i red of be ing bun­coed b y the B o r a h - G o o d i n g gang and w i l soon be ready to vote the soc ia l i s t t i cke t .

Te legraphers U n i o n M a y H a v e L o n g Hard F i g h t .

T h e board of d i rec tors of the West­ern U n i o n Te leg raph company have met a n d declared thei r quar te r ly d i ­v i d e n d and approved the a c t i o n of the c o m p a n y ' s officials in h a n d l i n g the s t r i ke .

M r . QssSfSM and M r . N e i l l have an­nounced the i r i n a b i l i t y to af fec t a set t lement of any k i n d a n d have q u i t .

B o t h sides ma in t a in s tou t ly tha t t i n y have no th ing to a rb i t r a t e , a n d i t seems now that the endurance of the s t r i k i n g telegraphers is to be tested, unless the great and on ly P re s iden t K ' losevel t shou ld step in to the breach and b r i n g the contestants together.

M e a n w h i l e , the telegraphers can push the i r c ampa ign f o r " g o v e r n m e n t ownersh ip of the t e l e g r a p h , " and i f

summoned post haste to Wash ing ton , j they w o u l d inves t iga te the p l a t f o r m « There, it is sa id , he was labored w i t h j a n d p rog rams of the S o c i a l i s t pa r ty by A t t o r n e y ( icnera l Bonapar te , i f not I tbey might d iscover that the i r inter-by Pres ident Roosevelt h imsel f , to con j ests as w e l l a* the interes ts of the sent t o a dismissal of the S M S against i whole w o r k i n g c l a m cou ld be served the senator ia l f a v o r i t e o ^ t h e admin j best by g e t t i n g in to th is i n t e rna t iona l i s t ra t ion f r o m Idaho. R u i c k , it is sa id , w o r k i n g class p o l i t i c a l pa r ty . B u t s tubbornly refused, i n s i s t i n g that Bo rah was g u i l t y and that he had the evidence to convic t h i m .

The a d m i n i s t r a t i o n bided i ts t ime, and just before the t r i a l of the ac­cused senator it sent a special agent of the department of jus t ice . .lodge M displace Ruick in the conduct of the prosecution. Hun-h has started his la

don't y i v i up your fight f o r we are a l l w i t h y o u and we w i l l a l l " s t i c k . "

I'' r i a Soc ia l i s t .

Austria. The Bohemian , or Czech ish Soc i a l i s t

P a r t y , held their A n n u a l Congress i n C. B u r c h of Denver , to Boise to P i l s e n — f a m o u s , it may be added, • •

the soune of P i l sener beer. The re were present 4'Jo delegates, and a l l tho

bors here by h a v i n g a special grand 24 Czech i sh delegates i n the A u s t r i a n j u ry summoned to inves t iga te R u i c k . ! Re ichs tag . It is the first congress

wh ich has been held f o r 1$ veaxs. A t

(Continued on Page 4.)

wi th a hope that some excuse can be found f o r r e m o v i n g h i m f r o m office.

Fr iends of M r . R u i c k say that, if he is the game tighter he has been dur ing his whole po l i t i c a l career, he w i l make publ ic the efforts w h i c h have been made by men in h igh places to cause him to desist i n the prosecution of Senator Borah . The re is l i t t l e doubt that R u i c k , i f so disposed, could u n f o l d a tale that woul 1 create the biggest k i n d of a p o l i t i c a l and j u d i c i a l sensa t ion.

R u i c k is a man of tremendous coin­age and u n l i m i t e d fighting qual i t ies . H e i s no more a f r a i d of VksSSWS Roosevel t than he is o f an Idaho jack r a b b i t ; and, i f he fee ls that he is be i n g out raged, he is l i k e l y to take the people of Idaho into h is confidence, an I remove the l i d f r o m what is be l ieved to be a po l i t i c a l scandal of the first magnitude.

The po l i t i c a l atmosphere here is charged w i t h e l ec t r i c i t y , and some t h i n g sensat ional is l i k e l y to happen any t ime.

Espec i a l l y when the social is t thun­der is tu rned loose.

the last e lec t ion the pa r ty won the i r sp lendid success, wi thout any eompro-• i a . against an a l l iance of the en t i re bourgeois part ies. Never the less our comrades ob ta ined 40 per cent of the votes cast in Bohemia , i n the <<>untry const i tuencies 30 per cent, and in M o ­r a v i a 41 per cent, w i t h 2< p< r cent i n count ry . T h e y got thus 400,000 vote*. In a d d i t i o n to that there were -0,000 Czech i sh votes i n other parts . The finances of the party are sa id to be sat i s f a c t o r y .

The house of representat ives, b y 37 votes to 20. last week passed a clause e n a b l i n g wot i to sit in the U p p e r house. The b i l l is f o r the e lec t ion o f the U p p e r house by the L o w e r , a most cur ious and novel k i n d of l eg i s l a t i ve check.

The amendment submi t t ed b y L o ­cal Reno. \ e \ , pub l i shed A p r i l 27th, which provides f o r nomina t ions b e i n g made accor l i n g to numer ica l choice, has been endorsed by L o c a l s S i o u x < i t y , l a . , and Sandusky , O.

RAILWAY BOILERMAKERS STRIKE The boi ler makers and boi le r maker

helpers employed on the ra i l roads run­ning northwest of C h i c a g o have gone on s t r i k e f o r the shorter w o r k day. The s t r i ke extends b o m Chicago to the l'uget sound country . The boi ler maU ers and their helpers have been work ing a ten hour day w i t h a l l the over­time they were able to s tand and de •Med that a l i t t l e of the rest cure wa« a BBSS' t h ing and that one hour less work each day would not work a hard­ship on anyone. The ra i l roads consid ered that they owned the bo i le rmakers ami that the men had no r igh t to say a n y t h i n g about how long the w o r k day should be, hence the s t r i ke . The s t r i ke is l i ab le to spread to other branches of the r a i l w a y se rv ice . The maehiti ist hclj>ers have handed in an u l t i matum to the ra i l roads wh ich must be compl ied w i t h by the 20th inst or they w i l l s t r i ke . The mach in i s t s and b lack smiths have l a t e ly s igned a schedule w i t h the r a i l r o a d but they say that they w i l ] not w o r k w i t h scab boi ler

make r s or helpers. T h e car repairer* are also p r e p a r i n g f o r s t r i k e . T h o car men are the hardest w o r k e d men and the lowest pa id f o r the work done on the r a i l r o a d . The car tuen have a just g r ievance , the ra i l roads treat thenr s h a m e f u l l y and w i l l seldom l i s ten to the i r g r ievance , and i f the car men s t r i ke , they w i l l have the sympathy o f a l l r a i l w a v workers .

The Internat ienal OsSjfSffSSJSS Sf Me

t a l W o r k e r s in Mrussel was marked ,

among other th ings by a most interest

i n g d iscuss ion ou the (!• n c r a l H t r ike ,

w h i c h was opened by our French Com

rade l^atapic. A l l the I 'elcgates who

spoke, however, i n the discussion, in ­

c l u d i n g a second French t r i d e unionis t ,

repudia ted bis advocacy of direct ac­

t ion and defended pa r l i amen ta r i sm

agains t his a t tack . T h e y agreed in advising the i r colleagues in F rance to .

talk less about revolution and to do. more practical organisation work.— Justice.

V O L tor the Party

•f Your Class M O N T A N A N E W S . O W N E D A N D P U B L I S H E D B Y "I H E S O C I A L I S T P A R T Y O f M O N T A N A

Abolish the Capi­

talist System

V O L . V. H E L E N A MONTANA. T H U R S D A Y , S E P T E M B E R L9 1907. NO. 44.

by Congress Immigration and Emigration of Work­

ers Often Means of Reducing Share in Labor's Product

Resolution adopted by the Interna

tienal Congress at Stuttgart, Aug. 16

to 24, 1907.

The International Socialist Congreta held at Stuttgart during the week of Aug. 16 to 24 passed the following re­solution on Emigration and Immigra tlon.

The congress declares: Immigraition and Emigration of

working men are phenomena as insep­arable from the substance of capital­ism as unemployment, overproduction and underconsumption of the working men, they are frequently one of the means to reduce the share of the work­ing men in the product of labor and at times they assume abnormal dimension* through political, religious and nation­al persecutions.

The congress does not consider ex ceptional measures of any kind, econ­omic or political, the means f o r remov­i n g any danger which may arise to the working class from i m m i g r » t i o n and emigration since such measures are fruitless and reactionary; especially not the restriction of the freedom of migration and the exclusion of foreign nations and races.

At the same time the congress de Clares it to be the duty of organized working men to protect themselves against the lowering of their standard of life which frequently results from the mass import of unorganized work ing men. The congress declares it to be their duty to prevent the import a n d export of strike breakers.

The congress recognizes the difficult iea which in many cases confront the working men of the countries of n more advanced stage of capitalist develop ment through the mass immigration of unorganized working men accustomed to a lower standard of life and coming f r o m countries of prevalently agricul tural and domestic civilization, and al •o the dangers which confronts them f r o m certain forms of immigration.

But the congress sees no proper solu­tion of these difficulties in the exclu sion of definite nations or races from immigration, a policy which is besides in conflict with the principles of pro letarian solidarity.

The congress, therefore recommends the following measures:

I. For the countries of immigra

tion: 1. Prohibition of the export and

import of such working men who have entered into a contract which deprive tbem of the liberty to dispose of their labor power and wages.

2. Legislation shortening the work day, fixing a minimum wage, regulat­ing the sweating system and house in­dustry and providing for strict super­vision of sanitary and dwelling condi­tions.

3. Abolition of all restrictions which exclude definite nationalities or races from the right of sojourn in the country and from the political and economic rights of the natives or make the acquisition of these rights more

d i f f i c u l t f o r them. I t also demands the greatest l a t i t ude in the laws o f na tur a l i z a t i on .

4. Eo r the trade unions of a l l coun­t r ies the f o l l o w i n g p r inc ip l e s sha l l h a w un ive r sa l app l i ca t ion in connec­t ion w i t h i t :

(a) . U n r e s t r i c t e d admiss ion of i m ­migra ted w o r k i n g men to the trade unions of a l l countr ies .

(b ) . E a l i c i t a t i n g the admiss ion o f members by means of fixing reasonable admiss ion fees.

(c) . F r ee t r an s f e r f r o m the organi­zat ions of one count ry to those of the other upon the discharge of the mem bership ob l iga t ions towards the fo rmer o rgan iza t i on .

(d) . The m a k i n g of i n t e rna t i ona l t rade union agreements fo r the purpose of r e g u l a t i n g these questions i n a de­finite and proper manner and enab l ing the r e a l i z a t i o n of these p r inc ip l e s on an i n t e rna t i ona l scope.

5. Suppor t of the trade unions of those count r ies f r o m wh ich the i m m i ­g ra t ion is c h i e f l l y recru i ted .

I I . F o r the count ry of e m i g r a t i o n :

1. A c t i v e propaganda f o r trade unionism.

2. En l igh tenmen t of the w o r k i n g men and the pub l i c at large on the true condi t ions of labor in the countr ies of i m m i g r a t i o n .

In v i e w of the faet that emig ra t i on of w o r k i n g men is o f t en a r t i f i c i a l l y s t imula ted by r a i l r o a d and s teamship companies, l and speculators and other s w i n d l i n g concerns through f a l s e and l y i n g promise* to w o r k i n g men, the congress demands :

C o n t r o l o f the steamship agencies and e m i g r a t i o n bureaus and lega l and a d m i n i s t r a t i v e measures aga ins t tbem in order to prevent that e m i g r a t i o n be abused in tho interests of such capi ta l i s t concerns.

I I I . R e g u l a t i o n o f the sys tem of t ranspor ta t ion , especia l ly on ships. Employmen t of inspectors w i t h discret­ionary power who should be selected by the o rgan ized w o r k i n g men of the countr ies of emig ra t i on and immig ra ­t ion . P r o t e c t i o n f o r the n e w l y ar­r i v e d i m m i g r a n t s , i n order that they may not become the v i c t i m s of cap i ta l is t exp lo i te r s .

In v i e w of the fac t that the trans­port of i m m i g r a n t s can only be regu lated on i n t e r n a t i o n a l basis, the con gress d i rec t s the In t e rna t iona l Soc ia l ­ist B u r e a u to prepare suggest ions f o r the r egu la t ion of th is quest ion, w h i c h shal l deal w i t h the condi t ions , arrange­ments and suppl ies of the ships, the a i r space to be a l l o w e d f o r each passenger as a m i n i m u m , and shal l l a y specia l stress, that tho i n d i v i d u a l emigran ts contract f o r the i r passage d i r e c t l y w i t h the t r anspo r t a t i on companies and w i t h out i n t e r v e n t i o n of midd lemen . These suggest ions sha l l be communica ted to tho var ious soc ia l i s t par t ies f o r the purpose o f l eg i s l a t i ve app l i c a t i on , and adapt ion as w e l l as f o r the purposes of p ropaganda .

WORK OF THE RANDAD SCHOOL The first year of the Rand School

notably successful. A n average of ten classes a week was given for the greater part of the school year. In addition, a course of free Sunday lectures wss given from Jan. 13 to April 28. The instructors in the reg ular courses were Morris Hillquit, W . J . Ghent, Dr. David Saville Muzzcv, Dr. Charles A. Beard, Franklin H . Oiddings, Tilden Sempers, Lucien San ial, Algernon Lee , Joseph Aldelman, Frederick C. Patterson, Mrs. Char­lotte Perkins Oilman, Edward K i n g and Charles Aronovici. Prof. John Ward Stimson and John II. Fry gave three lectures each, also in the regular instructional courses. The lecturers in the Sunday morning courses were Prof. Franklin H . Uiddings, John Martin, Mrs. Charlotte Perkins Oilman, M r . and Mrs. William English Walling, Mrs. Meta L . Stern, Mrs. Marion Craig Wentworth, Prof. Vida D. s.-uddor, Dr. Charles A . Beard, Dr. E . E . Slosson, Morris HiUqnit, Miss Mkry MscAr tbur, Algsrnon Las, Miss Elisabeth B . Butler, W. B. Ghent and George Willis

Cooks. The attendance in the regular classes ranged for 2 to 25, and at the Sunday lectures from 25 to 140. There were 566 s i ng l e paid admiss ions to lectures i n the regular courses. The numl>er of s tudents who at tended one or more courses (exc lus ive of the Sun­day lec tures) was 6,819. O f the 221 enrol led s tudeuts 128 were men and M were women . O f the men ,74 were members of the soc ia l i s t pa r t y , 4 of the S o c i a l i s t I>abor par ty and 50 were non members. O f the women, 32 were members, or wtives or daughters of members, o f the Soc i a l i s t pa r ty , and 61 were non-members. A number of persons who enroled as non-members have since j o ined the par ty .

Fight For Free Speech

Whitewash Necessary

Street Packed With People for Two Efforts Blocks—20,000 in Line Fol­

lowed to Station

Denmark. A congress of women servants rec­

ently held in Copenhagen and attend ed by 15 delegates, resolved to ask the government to enforce the law for bidding mistresses to employ thsir ser vants after 7 p. m. on ordinary Jays or S p. m on Sunehys. English ser­vants might wsll s>gh for rack n law.

The pub l ic a t t en t ion i n Spokane has never been so general ly aroused as in the case of the arrest laBt S a t u r d a y n ight and the subsequent proceeding*.

The demons t ra t ion on that occasion was f o l l o w e d by a packed house i n O l i v e r ha l l Sunday evening. The ha l l w9s in no way adequate to hold the c rowd , only about IN b e i n g able to get in whi le 1,000 were tu rned away . A n d th is was done wi th a twen ty five cent admiss ion charged.

The address was on " T h e Lessons of the H a y w o o d T r i a l , " but occasion was taken to show the nature of the co r rup t i on of c i t y a d m i n i s t r a t i o n un­der a government that is based on the rule of a f e w over the many fo r the sake of greed.

The speaker ' s desk was covered w i t h b e a u t i f u l bouquets, and there seemed to be the utmost interest awakened in the p rac t i ca l issues of personal r igh ts that are at our doors.

The t r i a l had been set f o r M o n d a y a f t e rnoon at 1:30. When we reached the court room the place was jammed. T h e o f f i c ious at tachces of the court seemed amazed. The fa t , porky bai li tf was s h o w i n g more impor tance and au thor i ty than K i n g E d w a r d would ever have a r roga ted bo h i m s e l f , b a w l i n g out useless ins t ruc t ions i n a loud tone of vo ice , a n d shov ing the poor d runks and prost i tu tes that had been run in , a round as tho they were cat t le . Mos t of them seemed dazed at the ' o f f i c i a l " atmosphere and were fined and sentenced In silence, or, i f they d id at tempt to s t a m m e J out a f e w words were soon overwhelmed by the strange ness, the power and the i n j u s t i c e of the machine, that had first t a k e n away a l l poss ib l i ty of a decent l i f e , and then was c r u s h i n g these helpless creatures w i t h the weight of the s t ruc tu re that Prof i t s had ra ised f o r i t s o w n interests

A s I took the chai r of the accused, th is o f f i c ious personage began the shov­i n g process on me. I p r o m p t l y cor rected h im as to his place w h e n a gen era l uproar seemed to come f r o m a l l tho " o f f i c i o u s " personages assembled there. A f t e r I bad pleaded not g u i l t y , aud our a t torney , M r . K i r b e y , come f o r w a r d to take charge of the case, the judge announced that i f the matter was to take any considerable t ime, be would postpone it as his docket was f u l l . We had learne I p r e v i o u s l y that but l i t t l e cou ld be expec ted f r o m th is J u d g e l l i n k l c , and tha t be was go ing on a vaca t ion , so our l awyer acked f o r a cont inuance o f the case t i l l Thu r sday when another man would be on the bench.

N o w camo the dramat ic part of the proceedings. A s I arose I turned to the b a i l i f f and to ld h im that I wanted h i m to keep his hands off m y person. H o immed ia t e ly s tar ted h i s uproar aga in , and 1 t u rned to the judge and asked f o r pro tec t ion , as the person o f an i n d i v i d u a l under bond is immune. Instead of the judge l i s t e n i n g to ray appeal to h im, tho ha l f d r u n k e n f e l l o w begun to pound b is desk, s a id he d i d n ' t wan t a n y sensat ion there, and or­dered the b a i l i f f to t ake me out. Whereupon the b r u t a l lubber seized me when I was m a k i n g no res is tance what­ever and pushed and c a r r i e d me to the door, where Comrade B a r b e r stepped between h i m a n d me.

T h e d i s g r a c e f u l scene caused an up­roar. T h e audience composed almost en t i r e ly of the socia l i s t s and the i r f r i e n d s rose as one man to see what this i d io t i c court was g o i n g to do w i t h me. W h e n I w a l k e d out w i t h the coin miles a round me, M r . K i r b y asked if ho migh t c a l l our witnesses together. T h o j u d g e re fused his request when M r . K i r b y w a v e d his band and the whole c r o w d came t r e m b l i n g out a f t e r me. T o say (he judge was ustonished at these developments , w o u l d be ex press ing i t m i l d l y . The o l d f e l o w learn ed someth iug o f the s t reng th of the socia l i s t sent iment in S p o k a n e that ho never k n e w before .

The papers came out w i t h the most a t roc ious ly perver ted accounts of the affair. T h e y s a i d I fought w i t h the bailiff and a\tompted to harangue the court, both of which statements are absolutely false. They also said 500 people swarmed over the railing to pro­tect tkeir idol. But of course we are used to such glaring untruths from the

sheets that uphold the v i c ious capi­t a l i s t system.

When 1 was arrested on Sa turday uigbt , the drag net was th rown out, a n d a young f e l l o w by the name of Thompson was c lu tched by the police and taken to the s ta t ion , a (25 bond was placed upon h im also. There has been something amus ing about th is y o u n g man ' s case. H i s brother has been the social is t o f the f a m i l y , and a l l the way to the s ta t ion he had been c u t t i n g in to keep h i m out of the hands of the police. H e and his w i f e run the M o n t a n a rooming house, he is a y o u n g man of excellent character , and the last t h ing In- ever thought of was be­i n g arrested f o r lead ing a mob. The comrades are t aken care of his case also, and he took a cont inuance to Thursday l ikewise .

But it was M o n d a y e v e n i n g that gave a demonstrat ion more remarkab le even than tin- one of S a t u r d a y night when Ho,iino cheer ing people l i ned the streets ami f o l l o w e d us to and f r o m the pol ice s ta t ion . W e had planned to hold another street mee t ing , and eight o ' c lock was the hour named. L o n g before that t ime some o f the comrades came to my room and said the street was massed w i t h people. W h e n 1 a r r ived it was w i t h the utmost d i f f i c u l t y that my box could be placed and I mounted upon i t . S u c h a sea of faces I never looked into. The street was packed so l id f o r two b locks f r o m w a l l to w a l l . T h i s mass of humani ty had come to see i f I w o u l d be arrested again , as the evening papers had spread the news ( . f the outrages at court in the a f t e rnoon . T w e n t y po l icemen were present, among them the c h i e f ; but they looked at the c rowd and gave it up. T h e y to ld Comrade L i c h t y to go ahead. N o less than 10,000 people were massed together there. Tucs . lay evening the sensat ional f ea tu re had worn off. W'e had won the fight. There was a large c rowd present, about 1,500. We had a good meet ing and sold a l l our l i te ra ture .

Thursday a f t e rnoon we came to t r i a l baftl J u d g e H y d e . M r . K i r b y had spoken to h im previous ly about the protect ion o f my person, u n d received the reply that no one had a r igh t to touch me. T h e court room was packed to every i nch of s t and ing room. I V licemen were s ta t ioned a l l over the room as though they were to deal w i t h a convoy o f Russ i an c r i m i n a l s . M r . Pence, a social is t l awyer , was asso elated w i t h M r . K i r b y in charge of tho case. M r . R icha rdson b e i n g s t i l l out of town.

The prosecution cal led five witnesses two o f them be ing pol icemen, and a l l testif ied s i m p l y that there was a b i g •WWd! and they thought the street was b l o c k c l . W e ca l led fifteen witneses, men and women, aud had more to c a l l i f they were needed. Our people p roved conclus ively that the s i d c w a l k e was nevi r b locked so people could not pass, that teams were cont inous ly pass ing on the idhe r side, thnt as soon as the policeman t o l d me I must c lear the sidewalk, that I spoke to the people and they came f o r w a r d at once. T h e prosecution was so ro t ten that i t looked p o s i t i v e l y foo l i sh . I t d i d one good to see my witnesses come up, people I never saw before , and t e s t i f y to the u t te r u n t r u t h f u l n e s s of the bur­l y , ove r fed o f f i ce r ' • charges.

It soemeJ to create qu i te a l i t l e in terest as I took the s tan I and stated that I wou ld not swear but a f f i r m . The r id iculous use of the word C o d , by-people who never use it except in pro t'anity as to cover a l ie ought to suf­fice to make a l l social is ts d i sca rd i t i n court. The prosecut ing a t torney asked me about th i s , but I appealed to the judge that such was my pr iv i l ege , and was sustained. The reporters a f t e r wards asked mo about this .

A t the close o f the tes t imony tho judge said ho wou ld l i k e to hear a rgu ment on the mat te r and the decis ion was postponed t i l l Wednesday , the 18.

A f t e r my case that of Thompson was ca l led . Three big b r u t a l pol icemen •wore to lias about h i m and the judge fined him >.Vi a n d costs. W o took an appeal, a n d w i l l t r y tho case before a j o t y .

Being Made to Have Prose­cuting Attorney Desist—Big­

gest Sensation Feared Boise , Idaho, Sep t .—Unless a coat

of whi tewash can be app l ied to Sen­ator W . E . Borah , now under indict ­ment f o r land f r a u d s , before December 1, Ii laho w i l l be represented i n the next session of the U n i t e d Sta tes sen ate only by one senator, and that, too by a man as hosti le to the plans and intr igues of the Roosevel t adminis t ra ­t ion as Borah is f r i e n d l y to them. Namely , Senator W . E . B . H e y b u r n .

Sena to r ia l et iquet te , as exempl i f i ed in the cases of Senator R a l p h B u r t o n , of Kansas , and Senator J o h n H . M i t c h ­e l l , of Oregon, requires that a senator under ind ic tment or c o n v i c t i o n must case to exercise h i s senator ia l func tions u n t i l the c loud i s removed f r o m him. The prospect of H e y b u r n be ing Idaho 's sole representat ive is bel ieved to be responsible in part f o r the effort of the Roosevelt a d m i n i s t r a t i o n to se­cure an acqu i t t a l f o r B o r a h , accom­panied by the d i s c r e d i t i n g and possible removal of the D i s t r i c t At torney Rsfl man M . R u i c k by t in d e t r i m e n t of jus t ice .

When M r . R u i c k first secured the in •licttnent of Senator Borah he was

The s ta 'e of Idaho w i l l soon be a h o r n e t s ' nest f o r the repub l ican p a r t y and the Roosevel t admin i s t r a t i on . The worke r s are g e t t i n g t i red of be ing bun­coed b y the B o r a h - G o o d i n g gang and w i l soon be ready to vote the soc ia l i s t t i cke t .

Te legraphers U n i o n M a y H a v e L o n g Hard F i g h t .

T h e board of d i rec tors of the West­ern U n i o n Te leg raph company have met a n d declared thei r quar te r ly d i ­v i d e n d and approved the a c t i o n of the c o m p a n y ' s officials in h a n d l i n g the s t r i ke .

M r . QssSfSM and M r . N e i l l have an­nounced the i r i n a b i l i t y to af fec t a set t lement of any k i n d a n d have q u i t .

B o t h sides ma in t a in s tou t ly tha t t i n y have no th ing to a rb i t r a t e , a n d i t seems now that the endurance of the s t r i k i n g telegraphers is to be tested, unless the great and on ly P re s iden t K ' losevel t shou ld step in to the breach and b r i n g the contestants together.

M e a n w h i l e , the telegraphers can push the i r c ampa ign f o r " g o v e r n m e n t ownersh ip of the t e l e g r a p h , " and i f

summoned post haste to Wash ing ton , j they w o u l d inves t iga te the p l a t f o r m « There, it is sa id , he was labored w i t h j a n d p rog rams of the S o c i a l i s t pa r ty by A t t o r n e y ( icnera l Bonapar te , i f not I tbey might d iscover that the i r inter-by Pres ident Roosevelt h imsel f , to con j ests as w e l l a* the interes ts of the sent t o a dismissal of the S M S against i whole w o r k i n g c l a m cou ld be served the senator ia l f a v o r i t e o ^ t h e admin j best by g e t t i n g in to th is i n t e rna t iona l i s t ra t ion f r o m Idaho. R u i c k , it is sa id , w o r k i n g class p o l i t i c a l pa r ty . B u t s tubbornly refused, i n s i s t i n g that Bo rah was g u i l t y and that he had the evidence to convic t h i m .

The a d m i n i s t r a t i o n bided i ts t ime, and just before the t r i a l of the ac­cused senator it sent a special agent of the department of jus t ice . .lodge M displace Ruick in the conduct of the prosecution. Hun-h has started his la

don't y i v i up your fight f o r we are a l l w i t h y o u and we w i l l a l l " s t i c k . "

I'' r i a Soc ia l i s t .

Austria. The Bohemian , or Czech ish Soc i a l i s t

P a r t y , held their A n n u a l Congress i n C. B u r c h of Denver , to Boise to P i l s e n — f a m o u s , it may be added, • •

the soune of P i l sener beer. The re were present 4'Jo delegates, and a l l tho

bors here by h a v i n g a special grand 24 Czech i sh delegates i n the A u s t r i a n j u ry summoned to inves t iga te R u i c k . ! Re ichs tag . It is the first congress

wh ich has been held f o r 1$ veaxs. A t

(Continued on Page 4.)

wi th a hope that some excuse can be found f o r r e m o v i n g h i m f r o m office.

Fr iends of M r . R u i c k say that, if he is the game tighter he has been dur ing his whole po l i t i c a l career, he w i l make publ ic the efforts w h i c h have been made by men in h igh places to cause him to desist i n the prosecution of Senator Borah . The re is l i t t l e doubt that R u i c k , i f so disposed, could u n f o l d a tale that woul 1 create the biggest k i n d of a p o l i t i c a l and j u d i c i a l sensa t ion.

R u i c k is a man of tremendous coin­age and u n l i m i t e d fighting qual i t ies . H e i s no more a f r a i d of VksSSWS Roosevel t than he is o f an Idaho jack r a b b i t ; and, i f he fee ls that he is be i n g out raged, he is l i k e l y to take the people of Idaho into h is confidence, an I remove the l i d f r o m what is be l ieved to be a po l i t i c a l scandal of the first magnitude.

The po l i t i c a l atmosphere here is charged w i t h e l ec t r i c i t y , and some t h i n g sensat ional is l i k e l y to happen any t ime.

Espec i a l l y when the social is t thun­der is tu rned loose.

the last e lec t ion the pa r ty won the i r sp lendid success, wi thout any eompro-• i a . against an a l l iance of the en t i re bourgeois part ies. Never the less our comrades ob ta ined 40 per cent of the votes cast in Bohemia , i n the <<>untry const i tuencies 30 per cent, and in M o ­r a v i a 41 per cent, w i t h 2< p< r cent i n count ry . T h e y got thus 400,000 vote*. In a d d i t i o n to that there were -0,000 Czech i sh votes i n other parts . The finances of the party are sa id to be sat i s f a c t o r y .

The house of representat ives, b y 37 votes to 20. last week passed a clause e n a b l i n g wot i to sit in the U p p e r house. The b i l l is f o r the e lec t ion o f the U p p e r house by the L o w e r , a most cur ious and novel k i n d of l eg i s l a t i ve check.

The amendment submi t t ed b y L o ­cal Reno. \ e \ , pub l i shed A p r i l 27th, which provides f o r nomina t ions b e i n g made accor l i n g to numer ica l choice, has been endorsed by L o c a l s S i o u x < i t y , l a . , and Sandusky , O.

RAILWAY BOILERMAKERS STRIKE The boi ler makers and boi le r maker

helpers employed on the ra i l roads run­ning northwest of C h i c a g o have gone on s t r i k e f o r the shorter w o r k day. The s t r i ke extends b o m Chicago to the l'uget sound country . The boi ler maU ers and their helpers have been work ing a ten hour day w i t h a l l the over­time they were able to s tand and de •Med that a l i t t l e of the rest cure wa« a BBSS' t h ing and that one hour less work each day would not work a hard­ship on anyone. The ra i l roads consid ered that they owned the bo i le rmakers ami that the men had no r igh t to say a n y t h i n g about how long the w o r k day should be, hence the s t r i ke . The s t r i ke is l i ab le to spread to other branches of the r a i l w a y se rv ice . The maehiti ist hclj>ers have handed in an u l t i matum to the ra i l roads wh ich must be compl ied w i t h by the 20th inst or they w i l l s t r i ke . The mach in i s t s and b lack smiths have l a t e ly s igned a schedule w i t h the r a i l r o a d but they say that they w i l ] not w o r k w i t h scab boi ler

make r s or helpers. T h e car repairer* are also p r e p a r i n g f o r s t r i k e . T h o car men are the hardest w o r k e d men and the lowest pa id f o r the work done on the r a i l r o a d . The car tuen have a just g r ievance , the ra i l roads treat thenr s h a m e f u l l y and w i l l seldom l i s ten to the i r g r ievance , and i f the car men s t r i ke , they w i l l have the sympathy o f a l l r a i l w a v workers .

The Internat ienal OsSjfSffSSJSS Sf Me

t a l W o r k e r s in Mrussel was marked ,

among other th ings by a most interest

i n g d iscuss ion ou the (!• n c r a l H t r ike ,

w h i c h was opened by our French Com

rade l^atapic. A l l the I 'elcgates who

spoke, however, i n the discussion, in ­

c l u d i n g a second French t r i d e unionis t ,

repudia ted bis advocacy of direct ac­

t ion and defended pa r l i amen ta r i sm

agains t his a t tack . T h e y agreed in advising the i r colleagues in F rance to .

talk less about revolution and to do. more practical organisation work.— Justice.