English Essentials ©2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

English EssentialsEnglish Essentials

John LanganJohn LanganBeth JohnsonBeth Johnson

More on ApostrophesMore on Apostrophesand Quotation Marksand Quotation Marks

Chapters Twenty-Nine and Thirty

More on Apostrophes and Quotation Marks

English Essentials ©2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

2

Special Uses of the Apostrophe

Use an apostropheapostrophe and an s s to form the plurals of each of the following:

1. Letters. (Jedd always got A’s in Spanish.) 2. Numbers. (My address has many 8’s in it.)3. Words used as words. (The chorus of that song

has a lot of baby’s in it.)

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English Essentials ©2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

3

Do Not Use The Apostrophe

• Possessive pronouns and possessive adjectives do not use apostrophes.

– We can recognize an Appaloosa by its distinct spots.

– The spurs are ours.

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English Essentials ©2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

4

Special Uses of Quotation MarksSpecial Uses of Quotation MarksTo set off To set off special words or phrases from from

the rest of a sentence.the rest of a sentence.Rob’s “nutritious lunch” consisted of a candy Rob’s “nutritious lunch” consisted of a candy

bar and a bag of corn chips.bar and a bag of corn chips.

To To mark a quote within a quote. For this . For this purpose, use single quotes.purpose, use single quotes.Jamie said, “My favorite short story is Jamie said, “My favorite short story is

‘Twirling’ by Carolyn Murphy.”‘Twirling’ by Carolyn Murphy.”

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5

Quotation Marks and Other PunctuationQuotation Marks and Other Punctuation

•Periods and commas at the end of a quotation always go INSIDE the quotation marks.

•Semicolons and colons at the end of a quotation always go OUTSIDE the quotation marks.

•Question marks and exclamation points go OUTSIDE the quotation marks only if they apply to the entire sentence. Otherwise, they go INSIDE.

Ex.: Frank wondered, “Where is the ship taking Ex.: Frank wondered, “Where is the ship taking us?”us?”Ex: What will happen when I say, “Shazam”?Ex: What will happen when I say, “Shazam”?

More on Apostrophes and Quotation Marks

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6

UNDERLINE• UnderlineUnderline the titles of long works:

– books (The Sun Also Rises)

– magazines (Newsweek)

– newspapers (USA Today)

– movies (Titanic)

– plays (Death of a Salesman)

– television series (The Simpsons)

– record albums (Nevermind)

NOTE: Printed material can use italics instead of underlining.