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©2015TexasEducationAgency/TheUniversityofTexasSystem
Morphology:Overview
©2015TexasEducationAgency/TheUniversityofTexasSystem
Objectives
• Developabasicunderstandingofmorphologyasitrelatestoreading
• Discusshowknowledgeofmorphologycanhelpstudentsreadandcomprehendtext
• Applyknowledgeofmorphologytoinstruction
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©2015TexasEducationAgency/TheUniversityofTexasSystem
prehistoricchylomicrons
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©2015TexasEducationAgency/TheUniversityofTexasSystem
Dostudents…guess or giveup?
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©2015TexasEducationAgency/TheUniversityofTexasSystem
Morphology
• Morphologyisthestudyofmeaningfulunitsoflanguage(basewords,roots,prefixes,suffixes,derivatives).
• Anunderstandingofmorphologycanhelpstudentsreadwords.
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©2015TexasEducationAgency/TheUniversityofTexasSystem
StateStandardsEnglishLanguageArtsandReadingTexasEssentialKnowledgeandSkills(ELARTEKS)Reading:
• Kindergarten(3)(C):Recognizethatnewwordsarecreatedwhenlettersarechanged,added,ordeleted
• Grade1(3)(E):Readbasewordswithinflectionalendings(e.g.,plurals,pasttenses)
• Grade1(3)(F):Useknowledgeofthemeaningofbasewordstoidentifyandreadcommoncompoundwords(e.g.,football,popcorn,daydream)
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©2015TexasEducationAgency/TheUniversityofTexasSystem
StateStandards(cont.)ELARTEKSReading:
• Grade2(2)(D):Readwordswithcommonprefixes(e.g.,un-,dis-)andsuffixes(e.g.,-ly,-less,-ful)
• Grade3(1)(A):Decodemultisyllabicwordsincontextandindependentofcontextbyapplyingcommonspellingpatterns…
• Grades4–8(2)(A):Determinethemeaningofgrade-levelacademicEnglishwordsderivedfromLatin,Greek,orotherlinguisticrootsandaffixes
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©2015TexasEducationAgency/TheUniversityofTexasSystem
StateStandards(cont.)ELARTEKSReading:
• EnglishI,II,III(1)(A):Determinethemeaningofgrade-leveltechnicalacademicEnglishwordsinmultiplecontentareas(e.g.,science,mathematics,socialstudies,thearts)derivedfromLatin,Greek,orotherlinguisticrootsandaffixes
• EnglishIV(1)(A):DeterminethemeaningoftechnicalacademicEnglishwordsinmultiplecontentareas(e.g.,science,mathematics,socialstudies,thearts)derivedfromLatin,Greek,orotherlinguisticrootsandaffixes
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©2015TexasEducationAgency/TheUniversityofTexasSystem
StateStandards(cont.)ELARTEKSOralandWrittenConventions(spelling):
• Grades1(22)(D)and2(23)(D):Spellbasewordswithinflectionalendings
• Grade3(24)(E):Spellsinglesyllablehomophones(e.g.,bear/bare;week/weak;road/rode)
• Grade4(22)(B):Spellbasewordswithrootsandaffixes(e.g.,-ion,-ment,-ly,dis-,pre-)
• Grade4(22)(C):Spellcommonlyusedhomophones(e.g.,there,they’re,their;two,too,to)
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©2015TexasEducationAgency/TheUniversityofTexasSystem
StateStandards(cont.)ELARTEKSOralandWrittenConventions(spelling):
• Grade5(22)(B):Spellwordswith:– Greekroots(e.g.,tele,photo,graph,meter);– Latinroots(e.g.,spec,scrib,rupt,port,ject,dict);– Greeksuffixes(e.g.,-ology,-phobia,-ism,-ist);and– Latinderivedsuffixes(e.g.,-able,-ible,-ance,-ence)
• Grade5(22)(C):Differentiatebetweencommonlyconfusedterms(e.g.,its,it’s;affect,effect)
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©2015TexasEducationAgency/TheUniversityofTexasSystem
Decoding-SpellingContinuum
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(Henry,2010)
Phonologicalawareness
Alphabet
Sounds
AngloSaxonconsonantsandvowels
Compoundwords
Prefixesandsuffixes
Syllableandsyllabledivisionpatterns
Latinroots
Reviewofall
previousmaterial
Greekcombiningforms
K 1 2 3 4 5… …8
©2015TexasEducationAgency/TheUniversityofTexasSystem
Morpheme
• Amorpheme isameaningfulunitoflanguage,suchasabaseword,root,prefix,orsuffix.
• Examples:– Thewordprehistoric hasfoursyllablesandthreemorphemes(pre-, history,-ic).
– Thewordchylomicrons hasfoursyllablesandthreemorphemes(chylo-,micron,-s).
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©2015TexasEducationAgency/TheUniversityofTexasSystem
IdentifyingMorphemes
Askthefollowingquestions:1. Canmeaningfullinguisticunitsbe
identifiedanddefined?2. Canotherwordsberecalledinwhichthat
morphemeseemstobeused?3. Whatisthesenseofthewholewordinthe
contextinwhichitisused?(Moats,2010)
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©2015TexasEducationAgency/TheUniversityofTexasSystem
HowManySyllablesandMorphemes?
• salamander• helpfulness• predetermined• baker• pointless• address• humming
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©2015TexasEducationAgency/TheUniversityofTexasSystem
TypesofMorphemes
• Basewords• Roots• Prefixes• Suffixes
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©2015TexasEducationAgency/TheUniversityofTexasSystem
GreekSpecialized
wordsusedmostlyinscienceandmath.Examples: hypnosis,agnostic,catatonic,
agoraphobic,chlorophyll
LatinMultisyllabicwordswithprefixes,roots,andsuffixesContentwordsfoundinsocialstudies
andliteratureExamples: firmament,contemplate,maternity,
audience,corruption,preventive,retract,disruptive
Anglo-SaxonOne-syllablewords,voweldigraphs,silentletters,everyday
things,irregularspellingsExamples:sky,earth,horse,arm,heart,pants,coat,mother,love,
been,would,do,shirt
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(AdaptedfromHenry,2010)