Mortem et Gloriam Army Lists - Egypy and Judaea

Version 2019.01: 1st December 2018 © Simon Hall

Army Lists Egypt and Judaea

Contents Cyrenean Greek 630 to 74 BCE Meroitic Kushite 592 BCE to 350 CE Late Period Egyptian 405 to 343 BCE Nabatean 312 BCE to 106 CE Pre-Islamic Arab 300 BCE to 400 CE Ptolemaic 280 to 55 BCE Jewish 167 BCE to 6 CE Late Ptolemaic 54 to 31 BCE Blemmye 30 BCE to 500 CE Jewish Revolt 66 to 135 CE Axumite 300 to 970 CE


Creating an army with the Mortem et Gloriam Army Lists Use the army lists to create your own customised armies using the Mortem et Gloriam Army Builder.

There are few general rules to follow: 1. An army must have at least 2 generals and can have no more than 4. 2. You must take at least the minimum of any troops noted, and may not go beyond the maximum of any. 3. No army may have more than two generals who are Talented or better. 4. Unless specified otherwise, all elements in a UG must be classified identically. Unless specified otherwise, if an optional characteristic is

taken, it must be taken by all the elements in the UG for which that optional characteristic is available. 5. Any UGs can be downgraded by one quality grade and/or by one shooting skill representing less strong, tired or understrength troops. If any

bases are downgraded all in the UG must be downgraded. So Average-Experienced skirmishers can always be downgraded to Poor-Unskilled. Where allies are allowed they must conform to the following rules:

1. They must be a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 4 UGs. 2. They must take UGs sufficient to get them to at least 50% of the minimums in the list being used. 3. They can thereafter take any troops up to the maximum to create the rest of the allied contingent. 4. Unless specified in the notes, the general must be the same type as the army commander in the main list but cannot be legendary.

Usually this results in 1-3 UGs being compulsory and you having full flexibility on the rest. Where an internal ally is allowed, and no contingent is specified they must conform to the following rules:

1. They must be a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 4 UGs. 2. The total number of troops taken of each type in the entire army must not exceed the maxima for that troop type. 3. They must take UGs sufficient to get them to at least 50% of the minimums in the list if there is sufficient allowance for a UG after the core

army itself has taken the minimum. 4. They can thereafter take any troops up to the maximum to create the rest of the allied contingent.

Usually this results in 1-3 UGs being compulsory and you having full flexibility on the rest.


Historical Introduction Yehud Medinata (Aramaic for "the province of Judah"), was part of the satrapy of Syria. It had been held by the Neo-Babylonian Empire since the fall of the kingdom of Judah in around 597 BCE. It came under Persian rule when Cyrus the Great conquered Babylon in 539 BCE. After the death of Cyrus, his son Cambyses invaded and conquered Egypt (525 to 522 BCE).

The Persian conquest was significant for the Jews as it allowed some inhabitants of Jerusalem who had been exiled by the Babylonians to return to Jerusalem. An initial contingent returned in the reign of Darius I and a later contingent in the reign of Artaxerxes I. The Temple at Jerusalem was rebuilt and the roles of the High Priest and the aristocracy were established that were to have a significant effect on history four centuries later.

Persian rule in Egypt (known to historians as the 27th dynasty) was not accepted by the priesthood. In around 411 BCE, Amyrtaeus, a native Egyptian, revolted against Darius II. He succeeded in expelling the Persians from Memphis in 405 BCE with assistance from Cretan mercenaries. Following the death of Darius in 404 BCE he proclaimed himself Pharaoh of Egypt. Although Artaxerxes II attempted to lead an expedition to retake Egypt he was unable to due to the revolt by his brother Cyrus the Younger. This allowed Amyrtaeus to solidify Egyptian rule over Egypt.

Nefaarud I founded the 29th Dynasty by defeating Amyrtaeus in open battle. On his death, two rival factions fought for the throne, one behind his son Muthis, and the other supporting a usurper Psammuthes. Although Psammuthes was successful, he only managed to reign for a year. He was overthrown by Hakor, who claimed to be the grandson of Nefaarud I. He successfully resisted Persian attempts to reconquer Egypt, drawing support from Athens, and from the rebel king of Cyprus, Evagoras. Although his son Nefaarud II became king on his death, the younger Nefaarud was unable to keep hold on his inheritance.

The 30th Dynasty was founded after the overthrow of Nefaarud II in 380 BCE by Nectanebo I. He spent much of his reign defending his kingdom from Persian reconquest with the occasional help of Sparta or Athens. In 365 BCE, Nectanebo made his son Teos co-king and heir, and until his death in 363 BCE father and son reigned together. After his father's death, Teos invaded the Persian territories of modern Syria and Israel and was beginning to meet with some successes when he lost his throne due the machinations of his own brother Tjahapimu. Tjahepimu took advantage of Teos' unpopularity within Egypt by declaring his son, Nectanebo II, king. The Egyptian army rallied around Nectanebo which forced Teos to flee to the court of the king of Persia.

Nectanebo II's reign was dominated by the efforts of the Persian rulers to reconquer Egypt. Artaxerxes III attempted an unsuccessful invasion of Egypt in the winter of 351/350 BCE. The repercussions of his defeat prompted revolts in Cyprus, Phoenicia, and Cilicia. Although Nectanebo gave support to these revolts, Artaxerxes would eventually suppress these rebellions and was once again able to invade Egypt in 343 BCE. This second invasion proved successful, and Nectanebo fled south to Nubia. He may have managed to maintain some form of independent rule in the south of Egypt for 2


more years. Although a shadowy figure named Khababash proclaimed himself king and led a rebellion against the Persians from about 338 to 335 BCE. Nectanebo has been considered the last native pharaoh of Egypt.

In 333 BCE Alexander the Great defeat Darius at Issus. He proceeded to take possession of Syria, and most of the coast of the Levant. In the following year, he was forced to attack Tyre, which he captured after a long and difficult siege. Alexander moved against Egypt and met resistance at Gaza. After three unsuccessful assaults, the stronghold fell, but not before Alexander had received a serious shoulder wound. Alexander advanced on Egypt where he was regarded as a liberator. He founded Alexandria which would become the prosperous capital of the Ptolemaic Kingdom after his death.

After the death of Alexander, Perdiccas appointed Ptolemy as satrap of Egypt. Ptolemy soon established himself as ruler in his own right and successfully defended Egypt against an invasion by Perdiccas in 321 BCE. When Antigonus, ruler of Syria, tried to reunite Alexander's empire, Ptolemy joined the coalition against him. In 312 BCE he defeated Demetrius, the son of Antigonus, in the battle of Gaza. Ptolemy lost Cyprus after the naval battle outside Salamis, but after the death of Antigonus took the opportunity to secure Coele-Syria and Palestine (which had been allocated to Seleucus). This led to a series of wars between the Ptolemaic and Seleucid empires that were to last until the arrival of the Romans. Ptolemy III was to march as far as Babylonia but Seleucus II was able to retain his throne. In 170 BCE Antiochus IV Epiphanes invaded Egypt and deposed Ptolemy VI. Antiochus was thwarted by the intervention of the Romans and their envoy Popilius Laenus and forced to withdraw.

The Ptolemaic kingdom now declined in power due to family feuds. In 51 BCE Ptolemy XI died leaving his kingdom to be shared between Cleopatra VII and her brother Ptolemy XII. Cleopatra was expelled but re-established her position when Caesar arrived in Alexandria after his victory at Pharsalus. Caesar was besieged in the palace quarter (48 to 47 BCE) but eventually defeated the Ptolemaic troops and Alexandrian mob with the help of a relief army from Syria. In 41 BCE Cleopatra met Mark Anthony. After several years, he committed himself to Cleopatra and tried to rule the eastern Mediterranean as a triumvir from Alexandria. Octavius rallied Rome against Anthony and Cleopatra, depicting it as an invasion by a foreign power. Anthony and Cleopatra were defeated at Actium and Egypt became the personal property of Octavian (Augustus) and part of the Roman Empire.

The Jewish rebellion against the Seleucid kingdom was triggered by an attempt to impose Hellenistic customs upon the Jews. From 161 BCE the Seleucid king Demetrius I sent three expeditions. The third defeated the rebels and for ten years the region was relatively peaceful. In 132 BCE Antiochus VII captured Jerusalem after a two year siege. John Hyrcanus accompanied Antiochus on his Parthian expedition but survived the rout and for the next twenty five years ruled an independent Jewish kingdom. Under his successors the growth of a Greater Judaea continued whilst the Seleucid kingdom collapsed.

In 64 BCE Pompey reached Syria after the Armenian king Tigranes had been expelled. Two rivals Hyrcanus and Aristobulus claimed the kingdom. Pompey favoured Hyrcanus but the supporters of Aristobulus seized Jerusalem. Pompey was forced to besiege and capture Jerusalem. Pompey’s settlement left the region unstable and his successor in Syria, Gabinius, was forced to continually intervene in Judaea. By 55 BCE the kingdom was


effectively a Roman client kingdom. From this state emerged Herod who was able to negotiate the complex world of Jewish and Roman politics and once confirmed by Octavian, governed Judaea until his death in 4 BCE. The kingdom was divided amongst his sons but was converted into a Roman province about ten years later.

1 Dates0-3 Terrain

CampMin

Mandatory Optional Max

- 0 4,6- 12

Unskilled 0 4,6Javelin 6

- 0 4,6- 6- 24 6,8- 80- 0 6,8- 24- 0 8- 16

Experienced 0 4,6Javelin 6

Experienced 0 6.9Javelin 36

Experienced 0 6,9Bow 9

Experienced 0 6,9Sling 9

Skilled 0 6,9Bow 9

Libyan allies

- Combat ShySkirmisher

AlliesCarthaginian allies - Early Carthaginian (only in 322 BCE)

Cretan archers (from 321 BCE)

INFANTRYAverage Unprotected -

Combat Shy -Skirmisher

SlingersINFANTRY

Average Unprotected - Combat Shy -Skirmisher

ArchersINFANTRY

Average Unprotected -

- CantabrianSkirmisher

JavelinmenINFANTRY


"Tarentine" light horse (from 275 BCE)

CAVALRYAverage Protected -

Shove, Shield Cover

Orb/SquareDrilled Close

Phalangites (from 321 BCE)INFANTRY

Average Protected Pike Shove Orb/SquareDrilled Close

Upgrade hoplites to mercenaries (from 313 BCE)

INFANTRYAverage Protected Long Spear

- Melee ExpertDrilled Loose

HoplitesINFANTRY

Average Protected Long SpearShove, Shield

CoverOrb/Square,

DismountableFormed Close

Xystophoroi (from 321 BCE)CAVALRY

Superior ProtectedCharging

Lancer

- -Formed Loose

CavalryCAVALRY

Average Protected Short Spear - Shoot & ChargeFormed Loose

Chariots (before 275 BCE)BATTLE CHARIOTS

Average Protected -

Cyrenean GreekArmy Commander Any 630 BCE to 74 BCESub-Generals Any PlainsInternal Allied Generals Unfortified or Flexible; Average or Poor

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Melee

Weaponry

Characteristics

UG SizeTraining and


Cyrenean Greek

Troop NotesThe bulk of the Cyrenean forces were citizen hoplites. Chariots were used to transport the hoplites over long distances. The city also apparently used four-horse chariots copied from their Libyan neighbours.After Ptolemy seized Cyrene the forces may have included phalangites. Cyreneans appear to have enlisted in the Ptolemaic army in some numbers.

Changes from last versionAdded Tarentine cavalry. Added Shoot & Charge option.

NotesSPECIAL RULE: Mounted hoplites move as Formed Battle Chariots. They are not subject to forced charges. This rule must be proactively pointed out to opponents at the beginning of setting up.

Historical NotesCyrenaica was colonized by the Greeks beginning in the 7th century BCE. They established five cities; the most important colony was Cyrene, established in about 631 BCE. The area fell under the rule of the Achaemenid Persians in around 525 BCE but later re-established independence. It was annexed by Ptolemy I but then gained independence under Magas a stepson of Ptolemy until his death. It was separated from the main kingdom by Ptolemy VII and given to his son Ptolemy Apion who bequeathed it to Rome in 96 BCE. The Romans didn't organise it into a province, together with Crete, until 74 BCE.


1 Dates0-3 Terrain

CampMin


- 0 2- 2



Experienced 6,8Bow Up to half

- 18 6,8,9- 96- 6,8,9- Up to half- 0 6- 24- 6- Any


AlliesBlemmye allies (only after 30 BCE)

NotesA command may have only one TUG of picked warriors.


SkirmishersINFANTRY


Shield Cover -Tribal Close

Regrade picked warriors as sword and axe men

INFANTRYSuperior Protected - Melee Expert -

Tribal Close

Picked warriorsINFANTRY

Superior Unprotected Short Spear

Shield Cover -Tribal Close

Regrade spearmen as sword and axe men

INFANTRYAverage Protected - Melee Expert -

Tribal Close

SpearmenINFANTRY

Average Unprotected Short Spear

- Combat ShyTribal Loose

Upgrade archers with spears or axes

INFANTRYAverage Unprotected Short Spear - Combat Shy

Tribal Loose

ArchersINFANTRY


- -Tribal Loose

CavalryCAVALRY

Average Protected Short Spear - -Formed Loose

Elephants (from 300 BCE)ELEPHANTS

Average Protected -

Meroitic KushiteArmy Commander Any Instinctive 592 BCE to 350 CESub-Generals Any Instinctive Plains, DesertInternal Allied Generals Unfortified; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Melee

Weaponry

Characteristics

UG SizeTraining and


Meroitic Kushite

Troop NotesStrabo describes the Aethiopians as badly commanded and badly armed. The spearmen carried large shields made of raw hides. Some were spear-armed, others hatchets and others axes. Meroitic art depicts archers armed with an axe, sword or spear in addition to bow and there are Ptolemaic figurines with axe and shield only. There is evidence for war elephants, presumably inspired by Ptolemaic practice.

Changes from last versionUpdated territory types.

Historical NotesThe Kushite kingdom, known as "Aithiopia" in Greek sources, was established south of Egypt with a capital at Meroe. An Achaemenid Persian invasion under Cambysses perished in the desert. Meroitic kings supported Egyptian revolts against the Ptolemies and raided Roman Egypt. The kingdom weakened by attacks from the Nobades fell to the Axumite kingdom in around 350 CE.


1 Dates0-3 Terrain

CampMin



- 12 6,8- 60- 0 6,8- 32


Experienced 4 4,6Javelin 8Skilled 0 6,9Bow 12



NotesA command with Greek mercenary hoplites cannot contain other troops.

Historical NotesIn around 405 BCE an Egyptian prince of Sais (28th Dynasty) revolted against the Persians, ruling for six years. He was suceeded by Mendes (29th Dynasty) who ruled until 380 BCE. A series of three pharoahs (30th Dynasty) ruled until defeated by the Persians under Artaxerxes in 343 BCE During this time they inflicted several defeats upon the Persians with the aid of Greek mercenaries.

AlliesLibyan allies


Skirmishing archersINFANTRY


Libyan javelinmenINFANTRY


-Cantabrian, Combat ShySkirmisher

Nubian archersINFANTRY


Light horseCAVALRY


Shove, Shield Cover

Orb/SquareDrilled Close

Machimoi archersINFANTRY

Average Unprotected - - Combat ShyTribal Loose

Greek mercenary hoplitesINFANTRY

Average Protected Long Spear

- -Formed Loose

Machimoi spearmenINFANTRY

Average Protected Long Spear - Orb/SquareTribal Close

CavalryCAVALRY

Average Protected Short Spear

Late Period EgyptianArmy Commander Any Instinctive 405 BCE to 343 BCESub-Generals Any Instinctive Standard, CoastalInternal Allied Generals Unfortified; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Melee

Weaponry

Characteristics

UG SizeTraining and


Late Period Egyptian

Changes from last versionCombat Shy option for light horse. Updated territory types.

Troop NotesThe native Egyptian army had been a warrior caste supported by land grants. Greek mercenaries had been engaged in Egypt since the 6th century BCE.


1 Dates0-3 Terrain0-2 Camp

Min



- 0 4,6- 6- 6 6,8,9- 36- - Any



Experienced 4,6Bow All or none






JavelinmenINFANTRY

Poor Unprotected -


SlingersINFANTRY

Poor Unprotected - Combat Shy -Skirmisher


Poor Unprotected -

Cantabrian Combat ShySkirmisher

Camel scoutsCAMELRY


Upgrade horse archersCAVALRY



Horse archersCAVALRY

Average Unprotected - - Combat ShySkirmisher

ArchersINFANTRY


- -Tribal Close

Upgrade warriors (from 150 BCE)

INFANTRYAverage Protected Short Spear - -

Formed Close

WarriorsINFANTRY


- Shoot & ChargeFormed Loose

Camel caravan guardsCAMELRY

Average Protected Short Spear Melee Expert -Formed Loose

CavalryCAVALRY


NabateanArmy Commander Any Instinctive 312 BCE to 106 CESub-Generals Any Instinctive DesertInternal Allied Generals Any Instinctive Unfortified or Flexible; Average or Poor

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Melee

Weaponry

Characteristics

UG SizeTraining and


Nabatean

Troop NotesThe Nabateans were Arabs but as they expanded they were increasingly influenced by their Hellenistic and then Parthian neighbours.

Changes from last versionRestricted number of Cantabrian and added Combat Shy option for light horse. Added Shoot & Charge option.

Historical NotesThe Nabataean kingdom, was an Arabic kingdom on the territory of modern Jordan, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Israel with its capital at Petra. The Nabataeans were allies of the first Hasmoneans in their struggles against the Seleucid monarchs. They then became rivals of the Judaean dynasty. Under the reign of Aretas III (87 to 62 BCE) the kingdom seems to have reached its territorial zenith, but was defeated by a Roman army. It was annexed by Rome around 106 CE .



Min



- 8* 4,6- 30- 18* 6,8,9- 72- 0 6- 24





Historical NotesThis list covers the minor Arab peoples including wealthy centres such as Yathrib , Mecca and Oman, the kingdoms of Yemen and desert nomads. The Roman name for these people was Saraceni.

Troop NotesHerodotus describes Arabs using the bow. Strabo adds spear, sword and sling. Arab camel-riders are mentioned in the Seleucid army at Magnesia. Horses were ridden from the 2nd century BCE onwards but initially were rare in the Arab tribes.

Notes* Camelry are only compulsory if any camels are used and warriors are not compulsory for allied contingents.A command may not have more than one TuG of picked warriors.


SlingersINFANTRY


SkirmishersINFANTRY

Poor Unprotected -


Camel skirmishersCAMELRY


ArchersINFANTRY


Fleet of Foot -Tribal Loose

Picked warriorsINFANTRY

Average Unprotected Short SpearMelee Expert, Fleet of Foot

-Tribal Loose

WarriorsINFANTRY

Average Unprotected Short Spear


CamelryCAMELRY

Average Protected Short Spear Melee Expert -Formed Loose

CavalryCAVALRY

Superior Protected Short Spear

Pre-Islamic ArabArmy Commander Any Instinctive 300 BCE to 400 CESub-Generals Any Instinctive DesertInternal Allied Generals Any Instinctive Mobile; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Melee

Weaponry

Characteristics

UG SizeTraining and


Pre-Islamic ArabChanges from last versionAdjusted maximums. Fleet of Foot characteristic added. Added Shoot & Charge option.


1 Dates1-3 Terrain

CampMin


- 0 2,3,4- 4- 4 4,6- 6



- 16 8- 48- 8- All- 0 8- 8- 0 8- 32- 0 6,8- 8- 0 6- 6- 0 6,8,9- 9- 0 6,8- 16- 0 6,8,9- 9

Troops armed in Roman fashion (from 163 BCE)

INFANTRYAverage Protected Impact Weapon - Orb/Square

Drilled Close

Galatian footINFANTRY

Average Protected -Devastating

Chargers-

Formed Close

Devastating Chargers

Melee ExpertFormed Loose

ThraciansINFANTRY

Average Protected -

Shove Orb/SquareDrilled Close

ThorakitoiINFANTRY


CoverOrb/Square

Drilled Close

ThureophoroiINFANTRY

Average Protected Long Spear


Egyptian phalangites (from 217 BCE)

INFANTRYAverage Protected Pike - Orb/Square

Drilled Close

Guard footINFANTRY

Superior Protected Pike


Downgrade phalangites (from 163 BCE)

INFANTRYAverage Protected Pike - Orb/Square

Drilled Close

PhalangitesINFANTRY

Average Protected Pike


Arab camelryCAMELRY

Poor Unprotected - Combat Shy -Tribal Loose

Mercenary cavalryCAVALRY


- -Tribal Loose

XystophoroiCAVALRY


Lancer- Melee Expert

Drilled Loose

ElephantsELEPHANTS

Average Protected -

PtolemaicArmy Commander Any Professional 280 BCE to 55 BCESub-Generals Any Professional Standard, CoastalInternal Allied Generals Unfortified or Flexible; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Melee

Weaponry

Characteristics

UG SizeTraining and


PtolemaicExperienced 0 4,6

Javelin 8Experienced 0 6,9

Bow 9Experienced 0 6,9

Sling 9Experienced 0 6,9

Javelin 9

Troop NotesThe Ptolemaic army followed the Macedonian tradition. Settlers were given land in return for military service and extensive use made of mercenaries. The Roman victories in the 2nd century BCE appear to have influenced the army. Egyptians were armed for the Raphia campaign. This proved a source of trouble for later rulers.Some Elephants were obtained from Ethiopia although Indian elephants captured from the Seleucid kingdom were also used.

Changes from last versionReclassified phalangites. Added Shoot & Charge option. Adjusted territory types.


Historical NotesPtolemy I died in 283 BCE leaving a strong and stable kingdom to Ptolemy II. The Ptolemaic kings were to fight a series of wars for control of southern Syria and Judaea. A victory was obtained at Raphia in 217 BCE but the arming of Egyptians contributed to a series of rebellions which weakened the kingdom. Dynastic disputes further weakened the kingdom with Rome establishing greater and greater influence.

JavelinmenINFANTRY



SlingersINFANTRY


ArchersINFANTRY


Protected - - CantabrianSkirmisher

"Tarentine" light horseCAVALRY

Average


1 Dates0-3 Terrain

CampMin


- 0 4- 4

- 0 6

- 24

- 0 6,8- 48

Unskilled 0 6,8,9Javelin 90


- 0 6,8- 24







JavelinmenINFANTRY





- Combat ShySkirmisher

SlingersINFANTRY


Horse archersCAVALRY



Cavalry of the phalanx (from 148 BCE)

CAVALRYAverage Unprotected Short Spear - Cantabrian

Skirmisher

ArchersINFANTRY


- -Tribal Loose

Troops armed in Roman fasion (from 63 BCE)

INFANTRYAverage Protected Impact Weapon - -

Formed Close

Hillmen and levies (from 103 BCE)

INFANTRYAverage Protected Short Spear

Shove Orb/SquareFormed Close

Hillmen and levies (before 103 BCE)

INFANTRYAverage Protected Short Spear - -

Tribal Loose

Foot of the phalanx (from 148 BCE)

INFANTRYAverage Protected Long Spear

Melee Expert -Drilled Loose

Guerillas (before 148 BCE)INFANTRY

Average Unprotected -Melee Expert, Fleet of Foot,

Fanatic-

Tribal Loose

Cavalry of the army (from 148 BCE)

CAVALRYAverage Protected

Charging Lancer

JewishArmy Commander Any 167 BCE to 6 CESub-Generals Any MountainsInternal Allied Generals Unfortified or Flexible; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Melee

Weaponry

Characteristics

UG SizeTraining and


Jewish

Changes from last versionFleet of Foot option for Guerillas.

Historical NotesThe Maccabean Revolt was a Jewish rebellion, lasting from 167 to 160 BCE, led by the Maccabees against the Seleucid Empire. Between around 140 BCE and 116 BCE the Hasmonean dynasty ruled semi-autonomously from the Seleucids. From 110 BCE, with the Seleucid empire disintegrating, the Hasmonean dynasty became fully independent and expanded into the neighbouring regions of Samaria, Galilee, Iturea, Perea, and Idumea. In 63 BCE the kingdom became a Roman client state. In 37 BCE Herod seized power. In 6 CE the Roman province of Judaea was established.

Troop NotesThe army of Judas Maccabaeus started out as a guerilla force. As the kingdom grew it appears that a more regular army developed, probably organised by Jews who had served in the Seleucid or Ptolemaic armies.

AlliesNabatean allies (from 66 to 64 BCE)Parthian allies (from 40 to 38 BCE)

NotesNo command may have more than one group of guerillas.


1 Dates1-3 Terrain

CampMin


- 4 4,6- 6



- 0 6,8- 8- 0 8- 16- 8 6,8- 48- 0 6,8,9- 9- 0 6,8- 16- 0 6,8- 16- 0 8,9,10- 20




Light horseCAVALRY

Average Unprotected - -Cantabrian, Combat ShySkirmisher

ArchersINFANTRY


- CantabrianSkirmisher

Tarentine light cavalryCAVALRY

Average Protected -

Shield CoverMelee Expert, Orb/SquareDrilled Flexible

Ex-slaves and other leviesINFANTRY

Poor Unprotected Short Spear - -Tribal Close

Gabinian or Antonine legionaries

INFANTRYAverage Protected Impact Weapon


Melee ExpertFormed Loose

Troops armed in Roman fashion

INFANTRYAverage Protected Impact Weapon - Orb/Square

Drilled Close

ThraciansINFANTRY

Average Protected -

- Orb/SquareDrilled Close

Cilicians and Syrian mercenaries

INFANTRYAverage Protected Long Spear Shove Orb/Square

Formed Close

PhalangitesINFANTRY

Average Protected Pike

Combat Shy -Tribal Loose

Guard footINFANTRY


CoverOrb/Square

Drilled Close

Arab camelryCAMELRY

Poor Unprotected -

- Melee ExpertDrilled Loose

Mercenary cavalryCAVALRY


XystophoroiCAVALRY


Lancer

Late PtolemaicArmy Commander Any Professional 54 BCE to 31 BCESub-Generals Any Professional Standard, CoastalInternal Allied Generals Unfortified or Flexible; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Melee

Weaponry

Characteristics

UG SizeTraining and


Late PtolemaicExperienced 0 6,9

Sling 9Experienced 0 6,9

Javelin 9

Changes from last versionReclassified phalangites. Added Shoot & Charge option. Added light horse. Updated territory types.

The Ptolemaic kingdom at this time was dominated by Roman politics. The role of the army was largely to protect the ministers who controlled the Pharoah, to collect taxes and suppress revolts. Legionaries originally raised by Aulus Gabinius were stationed in Egypt. Mark Anthony later stationed legionaries in Egypt.

Troop NotesCaesar reports that the army of his day largely comprised brigands and ex-pirates from Cilicia and Syria, exiles and runaway slaves.


JavelinmenINFANTRY


Unprotected - Combat Shy -Skirmisher

NotesGabinian or Antonine remnant legionaries must be in their own command.

Historical Notes

SlingersINFANTRY

Average



Min




Unskilled 4,6Javelin Up to half

- 0 4,6- 16

- 6 6,8,9- 24- 0 6- 18

- 16 6,8,9- 40- 0 6- 18



-

Fleet of Foot -

Blemmye picked spearmen Average Unprotected Short SpearMelee Expert, Fleet of Foot

-

------

SkirmisherINFANTRY

Archers Average Unprotected - - Combat Shy

Skirmishers Average Unprotected - Combat Shy

Tribal Loose

Melee Expert -Tribal Close

INFANTRY

Nobatae picked spearmenINFANTRY


Nobatae spearmenINFANTRY

Average Protected Short Spear - -Tribal Close

Only Nobatae

Tribal Loose

INFANTRYTribal LooseINFANTRY

Only Blemmye

Blemmye spearmen Average Unprotected Short Spear


Camel mounted warriors (from 200 CE)

CAMELRYAverage Protected Short Spear Melee Expert -

Formed Loose

Upgrade cavalryCAVALRY


- -Tribal Loose

CavalryCAVALRY


War elephantsELEPHANTS

Average Protected -

BlemmyeArmy Commander Any Instinctive 30 BCE to 500 CESub-Generals Any Instinctive DesertInternal Allied Generals Any Instinctive Unfortified or Mobile; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Melee

Weaponry

Characteristics

UG SizeTraining and


Blemmye

Changes from last versionFleet of Foot characteristic added. Added Shoot & Charge option.

An army can be either Blemmye or Nobatae but may take allies from the other.A command may not have more than one TuG of picked spearmen.

Historical NotesThe Blemmye were a nomadic people living in the desert between the Nile and the Red Sea from at least the 1st century BCE. During the 3rd century CE raids on Egypt increased and in 298 CE the Blemmye and Nobatae occupied Nubia after the emperor Diocletian withdrew Roman troops.

Troop NotesThe Blemmye raided with archers and cavalry mounted on donkeys or horses. A 4th-5th century source describes them as bold fighters using spears and bows. War Elephants were used.

Notes


1 Dates1-3 Terrain

CampMin


- 12 6

- 24


- 0 6,8,9- 36


- 0 6,8- 24


Experienced 0 6Sling 12

Experienced 0 6Bow 12



Only Jospehus from 66 to 67 CE

Cavalry Poor Protected Short Spear - -

- Orb/Square

Drilled archers Poor Unprotected - - Combat Shy


NotesZealot archers and slingers do not need a general present to retain the Fanatic characteristic.

ArchersINFANTRY


Fanatic, Combat Shy

-Skirmisher

SlingersINFANTRY


Zealot archersINFANTRY


Zealot slingersINFANTRY

Average Unprotected -Fanatic, Combat

Shy-

Skirmisher

-----

Drilled Loose

INFANTRYDrilled LooseINFANTRY

Drilled foot Poor Protected Short Spear

Formed Loose


-Tribal Loose

CAVALRY

Ill equipped rebelsINFANTRY

Poor Unprotected -

Melee Expert, Fleet of Foot,

Fanatic-

Tribal Loose

Other rebelsINFANTRY

Average Protected Short Spear - -Tribal Loose

Zealot warriorsINFANTRY


Jewish RevoltArmy Commander Any Instinctive 66 CE to 135 CESub-Generals Any Instinctive MountainsInternal Allied Generals Unfortified or Flexible; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Melee

Weaponry

Characteristics

UG SizeTraining and


Jewish Revolt

Fleet of Foot characteristic added.

Historical NotesThe Jews revolted on three occasions, in 66 to 73 CE, 115 to 117 CE and 132 to 135 CE. The first, the Great Revolt, was defeated by Vespasian and his son Titus. The destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem in 70 CE was a turning point in Jewish history, leading to the synagogue becoming the centre of Jewish life. The second revolt (known as the Kitos War), while poorly-organized, was extremely violent and took two years for the Roman armies to subdue. The third revolt was led by Simon bar Kokhba. This resulted in genocide, a ban on Judaism, and the renaming of the province from Judaea to Palestine.

Troop NotesThe Jews rebels lacked military organisation. The historian Josephus appears to have been an exception in trying to put his troops on an organised footing.Jewish troops were mostly armed with javelins, sword or knife and a long shield. A minority were equipped with bows. A small amount of captured Roman equipment was also available.

Changes from last version


1 Dates0-3 Terrain

CampMin


Unskilled 0 6Javelin 18







Historical NotesAxum emerged in the 1st century CE on the highland plateau of modern Eritrea and Tigray. At the height of its power it dominated the region and controlled the profitable trade route through the Red Sea from south Asia to the Mediterranean.

Yemeni Arab allies - Southern Pre-Islamic Arabian (in Arabia from 401 to 575 CE)Blemmye allies (in Africa from 330 to 375 CE)Meroitic Kushite allies - (in Africa from 330 to 375 CE)

NotesA command may only have one UG of guard spearmen.An army must either be in Africa or in Arabia.


AlliesYemeni Arab allies - Pre-Islamic Arab (in Arabia to 400 CE)

Skirmishing javelinmenINFANTRY





Camel riding troopsCAMELRY

Poor Unprotected -


HorsemenCAVALRY

Average Unprotected - -Cantabrian, Combat ShySkirmisher

ArchersINFANTRY


- Shoot & ChargeTribal Close

SpearmenINFANTRY

Average Protected Short Spear - Shoot & ChargeTribal Close

Guard spearmenINFANTRY


AxumiteArmy Commander Any Instinctive 300 CE to 970 CESub-Generals Any Instinctive Coastal, DesertInternal Allied Generals Unfortified or Fortified; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Melee

Weaponry

Characteristics

UG SizeTraining and


Axumite

Added Shoot & Charge option. Combat Shy option for light horse. Updated Yemeni Arab ally options.

Troop NotesAxumite armies were similar to Blemmye armies. Cavalry at this date were rare. Spears were short and accompanied by javelins, a short sword and large round hide shield. Little armour was worn.

Changes from last version


Documents

Mortem et Gloriam Army Lists - Egypy and Judaea